Motion sensor (PIR Motion sensor) HC-SR501. HC-SR501 Infrared motion sensor, PIR IR sensor Motion sensor for turning on light 501 circuit

infrared sensor motion (PIR motion sensor) HC-SR501 (DSN-FIR800) used to detect movement of objects in the controlled area that emit infrared radiation (heat). The principle of operation of the sensor is based on pyroelectricity.

Pyroelectricity is the property of generating a certain electric field when a material is irradiated with infrared (thermal) rays. A Fresnel lens is installed above the sensing element, which is used to increase the viewing radius and amplify the incoming infrared signal.

Modules HC-SR501 is a module consisting of a 500BP IR sensor, a Fresnel lens, and a BISS0001 microcircuit control module. The module operation mode is set by a jumper (mode H or mode L).

Operating modes

The module operation mode is set by a jumper. There are two modes - H mode and L mode. In the photo, the module is set to H mode.

  • H mode- in this mode, when the sensor is triggered several times in a row, its output (at OUT) remains at a high logic level. Red jumper.
  • L mode- in this mode, a separate pulse appears at the output each time the sensor is triggered. Yellow jumper.

Note:
On this instance, there is no block for the jumper, but there are contacts on the board for sealing the jumper, and option H is already closed by a printed conductor.
To select L mode, you must remove the factory jumper (as shown in the picture).

Key Features of HC-SR501

  • Color: white green
  • Dimensions: 3.2 cm x 2.4 cm x 1.8 cm (approx.)
  • Infrared sensor control board
  • Sensitivity and delay time can be adjusted
  • Working voltage: DC 4.5V-20V
  • Current:<60 mA
  • Output voltage: high / low signal level: 3.3V TTL output
  • Detection range: 3 - 7M (can be adjusted)
  • Detection range:<140 °
  • Delay time: 5-200S (can be adjusted, default 5s -3%)
  • Time blockade: 2.5S (default)
  • Trigger: L: Non-repeatable trigger H: Repeat trigger (default)
  • Operating Temperature: -20 - 80°C
  • Trigger method: L unique trigger / H repeat trigger

Contacts:

OUT(output signal) – contact for data exchange between the sensor and the microcontroller;
VCC- supply voltage (4.5 - 20v);
GND- general contact.


Infrared motion sensor HC-SR501 it is not recommended to use in places with sudden temperature changes (a sharp burst of infrared radiation) from heating, it will be perceived as the appearance of a moving object, which may cause false alarms.
The HC-SR501 module is often used in burglar alarms, as well as in smart homes to control lighting when a person enters the room.

HC-SR501 Space Sensor Overview

The HCSR501 motion (or presence) sensor module based on the pyroelectric effect consists of a 500BP PIR sensor (Fig. 1) with additional electrical isolation on the BISS0001 chip and a Fresnel lens, which is used to increase the viewing radius and amplify the infrared signal (Fig. 2). The module is used to detect the movement of objects emitting infrared radiation. The sensing element of the module is a 500BP PIR sensor. The principle of its operation is based on pyroelectricity. This is the phenomenon of the appearance of an electric field in crystals when their temperature changes.

The sensor operation is controlled by the BISS0001 chip. There are two potentiometers on the board, with the help of the first one the object detection distance is set (from 3 to 7 m), with the help of the second one - the delay after the first operation of the sensor (5 - 300 sec). The module has two modes - L and H. The operating mode is set using a jumper. L mode is a single operation mode, when a moving object is detected, a high signal level is set at the OUT output for the delay time set by the second potentiometer. During this time, the sensor does not respond to moving objects. This mode can be used in security systems to give an alarm signal to the siren. In H mode, the sensor is triggered every time motion is detected. This mode can be used to turn on the lighting. When the module is turned on, it is calibrated, the calibration duration is approximately one minute, after which the module is ready for operation. Install the sensor preferably away from open light sources.

Figure 1. PIR Sensor 500BP

Figure 2. Fresnel lens

Specifications HC-SR501

  • Supply voltage: 4.5-20V
  • Current consumption: 50mA
  • Output voltage OUT: HIGH - 3.3 V, LOW - 0 V
  • Detection interval: 3-7m
  • Delay duration after firing: 5 - 300 sec
  • Viewing angle up to 120
  • Blocking time until the next measurement: 2.5sec.
  • Operating modes: L - single operation, H - operation on each event
  • Operating temperature -20 to +80C
  • Dimensions 32x24x18 mm

Connecting an Infrared Motion Sensor to an Arduino

The module has 3 outputs (Fig. 3):
  • VCC - power supply 5-20 V;
  • GND - ground;
  • OUT - digital output (0-3.3V).

Figure 3. Pin Assignment and HC-SR501 Setup

Let's connect the HC-SR501 module to the Arduino board (Connection diagram in Fig. 4) and write a simple sketch that signals with a sound signal and a message to the serial port when a moving object is detected. To fix the triggers by the microcontroller, we will use external interrupts on input 2. This is an int0 interrupt.

Figure 4. Connection diagram for connecting the HC-SR501 module to the Arduino board

Let's upload the sketch from Listing 1 to the Arduino board and see how the sensor reacts to obstacles (see Figure 5). Set the module to work mode L. Listing 1 // Sketch for an overview of the motion/presence sensor HC-SR501 // site // contact for connecting the sensor output #define PIN_HCSR501 2 // trigger flag boolean flagHCSR501=false; // speaker connection pin int soundPin=9; // sound signal frequency int freq=587; void setup() ( // initialize serial port Serial.begin(9600); // start interrupt handling int0 attachInterrupt(0, intHCSR501,RISING); ) void loop() ( if (flagHCSR501 == true) ( ​​// Message to serial port Serial.println("Attention!!!"); // sound signal for 5 sec tone(soundPin,freq,5000); // reset flag flagHCSR501 = false; ) ) // handle interrupt void intHCSR501() ( // setting the sensor trigger flag flagHCSR501 = true; )

Figure 5 Serial Monitor Output

Using potentiometers, we experiment with the duration of the signal at the OUT output and the sensitivity of the sensor (the distance of fixing the object).

Usage example

Let's create an example of sending sms when a motion/presence sensor is triggered on a protected object. To do this, we will use a GPS / GPRS shield. We will need the following details:
  • arduino uno board
  • GSM/GPRS shield
  • npn transistor, for example C945
  • resistor 470 ohm
  • speaker 8 ohm 1W
  • wires
Let's assemble the connection diagram according to fig. 6.

Figure 6. Connection diagram

When the sensor is triggered, we call the procedure for sending sms with a text message Attenaction!!! to the PHONE number. The contents of the sketch are shown in Listing 2. The GSM/GPRS shield consumes up to 2 A in sms sending mode, so we use an external 12V 2A power supply. Listing 2 // Sketch 2 for an overview of the motion/presence sensor HC-SR501 // sending sms when the sensor is triggered // site // contact for connecting the sensor output #define PIN_HCSR501 2 // trigger flag boolean flagHCSR501 false; // speaker connection pin int soundPin=9; // sound signal frequency int freq=587; // SoftwareSerial library #include // phone number to send sms #define PHONE "+79034461752" // Pins for SoftwareSerial (you may have 2,3) SoftwareSerial GPRS(7, 8); void setup() ( // initialization of the serial port Serial.begin(9600); // start of interrupt processing int0 attachInterrupt(0, intHCSR501,RISING); // to communicate with the GPG/GPRS shield GPRS.begin(19200); ) void loop() ( if (flagHCSR501 == true) ( ​​// Message to the serial port Serial. println("Attention!!!"); // sound alarm for 5 seconds tone(soundPin, freq, 5000); // send sms SendSMS(); // reset the trigger flag flagHCSR501 = false; ) ) // interrupt processing void intHCSR501() ( // setting the sensor trigger flag flagHCSR501 = true; ) // subroutine for sending sms void SendSMS() ( // AT command text mode settings GPRS.print("AT+CMGF=1\r"); delay(100); // phone number GPRS.print("AT + CMGS = \""); GPRS.print(PHONE); GPRS. println("\""); delay(200); // GPRS message. println("Attention!!!"); delay(200); // ASCII code ctrl+z – end of GPRS transmission. println((char) 26); delay(200); GPRS.println(); )

Frequently Asked Questions FAQ

1. The module does not work when the object moves
  • Check if the module is connected correctly.
  • Set the sensing distance with the potentiometer.
2. The sensor is triggered too often
  • Adjust the signal duration delay with the potentiometer.
  • Set the jumper to single operation mode L.

In this article I will tell you how to work with the HC-SR501 sensor (PIR sensor). The sensor is inexpensive and versatile, it can be used alone or with a microcomputer to create various projects (burglar alarm systems or automated lighting systems)

Specifications

Supply voltage: 4.8V ... 20V
Static current: 50mA
Output level: 3.3V / low 0V
Delay time: 0.5 - 200s (adjustable)
Blocking time: 2.5s
Work Angle:< 100
Working temperature: -15C … + 70C
Object definition: 23mm
Dimensions: 33mm x 25mm x 24mm

General information

Any person or animal with a temperature above zero emits heat energy in the form of radiation. This radiation is not visible to the human eye because it is emitted at infrared wavelengths, below the spectrum that humans can see. Measuring this energy is not the same as measuring temperature. Since the temperature depends on the thermal conductivity, therefore, when a person enters the room, he cannot instantly change the temperature in the room. However, there is a unique infrared emission due to body temperature that the PIR sensor is looking for.
The principle of operation of the infrared motion sensor HC-SR501 is simple, when turned on, the sensor adjusts to "Normal" infrared radiation within its detection zone. It then looks for changes, such as a person walking or moving within a controlled area. The detector uses a pyroelectric sensor to determine the infrared cure. This is a device that generates an electrical current in response to receiving infrared radiation. Since the sensor does not emit a signal (such as the previously mentioned one), it is penalized as "passive". When a change is detected, the HC-SR501 sensor changes the output signal.

To improve the sensitivity and efficiency of the HC-SR501 sensor, the method of focusing infrared radiation on the device is achieved, this is achieved by using the "Fresnel Lens". The lens is made of plastic and is made in the form of a dome and actually consists of several small Fresnel lenses. Although plastic is translucent to humans, it is actually completely transparent to infrared light, so it also serves as a filter.

The HC-SR501 is a low cost PIR sensor that is completely self-contained, capable of operating on its own or in conjunction with a microcontroller. The sensor has a sensitivity adjustment that detects movement from 3 to 7 meters and its output can be set to remain high for 3 seconds to 5 minutes. Also, the sensor has a built-in voltage regulator, so it can be powered by a constant voltage of 4.5 to 20 volts and consumes a small amount of current. HC-SR501 has a 3-pin connector, the purpose is as follows:

Pin assignment
VCC— positive DC voltage from 4.5 to 20 V DC.
OUTPUT- 3.3 volt logic output. LOW does not indicate discovery, HIGH means someone has been discovered.
GND- grounding.

The board also has two potentiometers for setting several parameters:
SENSITIVITY— sets the maximum and minimum distance (from 3 meters to 7 meters).
TIME- the time during which the output will remain HIGH after detection. At least 3 seconds, maximum 300 seconds or 5 minutes.

Jumper assignment:
H is the Hold or Repeat setting. In this position, the HC-SR501 will continue to output a HIGH signal as long as it continues to detect motion.
L— This is an interrupt or no retry option. In this position, the output will remain HIGH for the period set by the TIME potentiometer setting.

The HC-SR501 board has additional holes for two components, there is a marking nearby, you can look at it by removing the Fresnel lens.

Purpose of additional holes:
RT- This is for a thermistor or temperature sensitive resistor. Adding this allows the HC-SR501 to be used in extreme temperatures and also improves the accuracy of the detector to some extent.
RL is a connection for a light-dependent resistor or photoresistor. By adding a component, the HC-SR501 will only work in the dark, which is a common application for motion-sensitive lighting systems.

Example #1: HC-SR501 as a standalone device.

Required details:


Transistor 2SC1213 x 1


Connection:
When you turn on the HC-SR501, calibration is required, it takes from 30 to 60 seconds, the sensor also has a “reboot” period of about 6 seconds (after triggering), during which time it does not respond to movements. In this example, we use HC-SR501 and , as well as an NPN transistor (2SC1213 is used in the example). The HC-SR501 sensor is powered by 5 V, since the relay also requires the same power, and a 220V lamp is used as a load. Since the output signal of the HC-SR501 is weak (in practice, it is only enough to light the LED), one option is to use any NPN bipolar transistor.

Attention! Follow safety precautions and be careful!

The operation of this circuit is very simple, after switching on and calibrating, the sensor starts reading. When motion is detected, the sensor changes the value at the “OUT” pin.

Example #2: HC-SR501 adding photoresistor

Required details:
Motion sensor HC-SR501 x 1 pc.
Relay module (1-channel) x 1 pc.
Transistor 2SC1213 x 1
Lamp for 220V (75W) with socket x 1 pc.
Power supply for 5V x 1 pc.
Photoresistor x 1pc
DuPont wire, 2.54 mm, 20 cm, F-M (Female - Male) x 1 pc.

Connection:
In the following example, we use the same circuit as in example No. 1, only a photoresistor has been added. The place for installing the photoresistor is located next to the output connector, the designation on the board is "RL". You can solder directly to the board or use the pin header to easily connect the Dupont wire. The main thing is that the photoresistor should not be closed from the natural light of the room, but also be protected from the light of the lamp, which we use as a load. The figure below shows where to install the photoresistor.

Once the photoresistor is installed, turn on the circuit and wait for a while while the HC-SR501 sensor calibrates. If everything is connected correctly (and the room lights are on), nothing will happen, the photoresistor prevents the HC-SR501 from starting when the room is lit. Now turn off the light and the HC-SR501 will start up whenever it detects activity.

Example #3: HC-SR501 and Arduino

Required details:
Arduino UNO R3 x 1pc
Motion sensor HC-SR501 x 1 pc.
LEDs 5 mm x 3 pcs.
Resistor 0.125W, 320Om x 3 pcs.
DuPont wire, 2.54 mm, 20 cm, F-M (Female - Male) x 1 pc.

Connection:
Although the HC-SR501 sensor is a stand-alone device, it can be connected to a microcontroller pin. In the example, we use the Arduino UNO R3 controller, in which we can take into account the turn-on time and the reset period. This way the device can be more accurate as you won't be trying to sense forward motion when the sensor is not ready. Also, you can connect several HC-SR501 sensors to the Arduino, which will allow you to track movement in different places.
In the following example, we will connect one HC-SR501 to the Arduino as an indication using three LEDs, each of which indicates the status of the sensor:

  • Red LED- This LED indicates that the sensor is not ready.
  • Yellow LED- This LED indicates that the sensor is ready to detect motion.
  • Green LED- This LED lights up for 3 seconds when the sensor is triggered. Instead of an LED, you can control an external output (like the relay module we used earlier).

Wiring diagram:

The jumper on the HC-SR501 must be set to the “L” position, and it is also necessary to set the time to a minimum (5 seconds), to do this, turn the potentiometer to the left until it stops. Now that you're all connected, you need to upload the sketch.

/* Tested on Arduino IDE 1.8.0 Test date 08/12/2016. */int detectedLED = 13; // Specify the pin int readyLED = 12; // Specify the pin int waitLED = 11; // Specify the pin int pirPin = 7; // Specify the pin of the sensor int motionDetected = 0; // Variable for motion detection int pirValue; // Variable to save value from PIR void setup() ( pinMode(detectedLED, OUTPUT); // Set pin as output pinMode(readyLED, OUTPUT); // Set pin as output pinMode(waitLED, OUTPUT); // Set pin as output pinMode(pirPin, INPUT); // Set pin as input // Initial delay of 1 minute to stabilize the sensor// digitalWrite(detectedLED, LOW); digitalWrite(readyLED, LOW); digitalWrite(waitLED, HIGH); delay( 60000); digitalWrite(readyLED, HIGH); digitalWrite(waitLED, LOW); ) void loop() ( pirValue = digitalRead(pirPin); // Read the value from the motion sensor if (pirValue == 1) // If there is movement, make a delay of 3s ( digitalWrite(detectedLED, HIGH); motionDetected = 1; delay(3000); ) else ( digitalWrite(detectedLED, LOW); ) // Delay after triggering // if (motionDetected == 1) ( digitalWrite (detectedLED, LOW); digitalWrite(readyLED, LOW); digitalWrite(waitLED, HIGH); delay(6000); digitalWrite(readyLED, HIGH); digitalWrite(wai tLED, LOW); motionDetected = 0; ) )

Tested on Arduino IDE 1.8.0

Date of testing 12.08.2016

int detectedLED = 13 ; // Specify the pin

int readyLED = 12 ; // Specify the pin

int waitLED = 11 ; // Specify the pin

int pirPin = 7 ; // Specify the pin of the sensor

int motionDetected = 0 ; // Variable for motion detection

int pirValue ; // Variable to save value from PIR

void setup()

pinMode (detectedLED , OUTPUT ) ; // Set pin as output

pinMode (readyLED , OUTPUT ) ; // Set pin as output

pinMode (waitLED , OUTPUT ) ; // Set pin as output

pinMode (pirPin , INPUT ) ; // Set pin as input

// Initial delay 1 minute, to stabilize the sensor //

digitalWrite (readyLED , LOW ) ;

digitalWrite (waitLED , HIGH ) ;

delay(60000) ;

digitalWrite (readyLED , HIGH ) ;

digitalWrite (waitLED , LOW ) ;

void loop()

pirValue = digitalRead(pirPin) ; // Read the value from the motion sensor

if (pirValue == 1 ) // If there is movement, we make a delay of 3 seconds.

digitalWrite(detectedLED , HIGH ) ;

motionDetected = 1 ;

delay(3000) ;

else

digitalWrite (detectedLED , LOW ) ;

Motion sensors are devices that respond to moving rather than stationary objects. This is how they differ from presence sensors configured to be triggered by the disappearance of moving objects in the controlled area.

In other words, a device that controls movement should work when a person is inside the observed space, when he moves or freezes, but at least just moves his fingers. At the same time, presence control devices are triggered when people have completely left the room or a completely frozen person remains in it, not making any movements.

Principles of operation of motion sensors

Both groups of these sensors can work based on:

    capturing sound vibrations with sensitive acoustic systems;

    perception of thermal radiation caused by the human body by infrared receivers passive action;

    overlapping invisible to the human eye infrared rays directed from the emitter to the receiver active method.

There are other ways to detect a moving person, but they, like the acoustic method, are rarely used. And in household devices, motion sensors are most often used, working with electromagnetic oscillations of waves located in the infrared spectrum. They are described in .

IR sensor receivers have a common principle of operation.

Motion sensors and presence sensors capture infrared radiation that spreads in all directions from any objects located in the field of view. Thermal rays, as in a conventional optical system, for example, a camera, fall on a segmented lens that works according to the Fresnel principle.

This glass or optical plastic grade design is created with a large number of concentric sectors/segments, each of which forms a narrow beam of parallel thermal rays onto the IR sensor.

It is also called the term "PIR sensor" because it has a pyroelectric effect - it creates an electric field proportional to the heat flux received. The received signal is processed by electronic devices.

For most sensor designs, the pyrodetector works with analog values. An example is .

It has small dimensions, works on the basis of a microcircuit, has three terminals for connecting power and load wires, and two adjusting potentiometers. When triggered, it produces a control electrical signal with a voltage of 3.3 volts and a current of several milliamps.

Recently, blocks have been introduced that perform double conversion and command processing based on .

This allows the use of microprocessor devices and computer technologies for further signal conversion and the formation of various control algorithms for automatic devices.

Both analog electronic and digital sensors are connected to power supplies and have output devices that switch the load in the primary network.

One of the principles is laid down in the electronics operation algorithm:

    motion detection;

    stay trips.

When a person appears in the field of action of the sensor, by his presence he makes changes in the thermal balance of the environment, and all his movements are recorded through the Fresnel lens as a camera lens. Electronic units are triggered and give an electrical signal to the control contact.

This completes the functions of the sensor itself, although the process of switching actuators has not yet been completed, and the power of the control signal of the motion sensor for switching lighting fixtures, turning on a sound siren, sending SMS to a mobile phone, or performing other tasks is not enough.

This signal must be amplified and transmitted to a powerful contact for switching the load.

The motion sensor HC-SR501 discussed above cannot perform these functions on its own. To implement them, you can assemble a simple transistor switch on.

The VCC and GND terminals of the motion sensor and the key are powered by =4.5÷20 volts from an additional source, and the control signal from the sensor's OUT pin is fed to the amplifier terminal of the same name. The appropriate voltage load is connected to the output circuit.

If you use this scheme to turn on your mobile phone, you can receive SMS on your mobile phone, which will be a signal about the appearance of unexpected guests in the security zone.

In most ready-made modules for lighting circuits with motion sensors, its amplifier and power contact are built-in, switching the load circuit. The designs of such blocks, powered by a network of ≈220 volts, have three terminals for connecting wires directly on the case, two of which supply power (phase L and zero N) and the third L "together with zero N is used to switch lamps.

Active Motion Sensors

Devices that work on the principle of channel control between an IR emitter and a receiver have approximately the same algorithm, tuned to a common frequency, like a TV remote control or a wireless computer mouse with their receivers. They can have an autonomous power supply independent of the stationary electrical network.

In this case, one of the layouts of the modules of the direct or rotary method of forming a path using mirrors is performed.

Sensor connection diagrams

Wiring diagram for easy connection shown in the picture.

With this connection, the operating mode of the lamp fully corresponds to the algorithm laid down by the electronic circuit, and is adjusted by adjustment potentiometers.

On simple sensor designs, two regulators are installed:

1. LUX - the level of illumination, upon reaching which the sensor is triggered (for example, there is no need to use electric light in sunny weather). For regulation, its highest value is initially set;

2. TIME - the duration of the timer, or, in other words, the length of time in which the lamp will be on after motion is detected. Usually, a minimum value is set, because with each new movement, the sensor will constantly restart.

Usually these two adjustment parameters are enough to adjust the control of household lamps. There are two more potentiometers:

1. SENS - sensitivity or range. It is used to reduce the control zone in cases where it is not possible to limit it by changing the orientation of the motion sensor;

2. MIC - the acoustic noise level of the built-in microphone, at which the sensor is triggered. But in domestic conditions, this function is not needed - the sensor will be triggered by extraneous sounds of passing cars, children's exclamations ...

Scheme of connecting a luminaire to two sensors


This method is used in places where it becomes necessary to control lighting from two remote points with limited visibility for one sensor.

The terminals of the same name are connected in parallel to each other and output to the power supply network and the lighting device. When the output contact of any sensor is triggered, the lamp lights up.

Wiring diagram via switch

This method is used when a motion sensor block is added to an existing lamp with a switch. When the switch is turned on, the circuit operates completely as it is configured by the electronics. And when the contact is open, the phase is removed from the power supply and the motion sensor is disabled.

Practice has shown that among apartment owners, when leaving the premises, the habit of automatically turning off the light with a switch has been preserved. After that, when a person enters the room, the motion sensor is disabled. To exclude such situations, the switch contacts are shunted, which makes the transition to the previous circuit.

In this circuit, the switched on switch completely bypasses the output contact of the motion sensor. It is used when a person is in a fixed position for a long time, and the shutter speed of the timer is short and you have to make extra distracting movements to turn on the lamp.

Scheme for connecting powerful loads by electromagnetic devices

A motion sensor block with low power contacts can be used for very powerful lighting fixtures. For this, an intermediate device is used - a relay or contactor of the appropriate ratings. Its winding is connected to the low-power contact of the sensor, and the power contact switches the load of the lighting system.

In this circuit, as in all others, it is necessary to accurately calculate the switched powers and select power contacts for them. After being put into operation, the load currents must be measured and compared again with the power of the contacts. For reliable long-term operation of the system, it is necessary to create a power reserve.

Such a circuit with electromagnetic devices is able to work reliably and for a long time. But, it has two significant drawbacks:

1. increased noise level and emerging electromagnetic interference accompanying the process of moving the armature during switching;

2. constant wear of the contact system due to discharges that occur when the circuit breaks, which requires periodic preventive maintenance.

Triac and trinistor circuits are deprived of these shortcomings.

Scheme for connecting powerful loads with semiconductor devices


In this case, there are no all kinds of noise and interference. But for the operation of a semiconductor device, it is necessary to convert the control signal of the motion sensor into a harmonic that coincides in frequency with the mains voltage. For this, a special matching circuit is created, which outputs alternating current to.

When the matching circuit is operating, the triac is open. and the lamps are on. When there is no control signal, the triac is closed and the lighting controlled by it is turned off.

The disadvantage of this scheme is the complexity of the design of the matching signal of the electronic device.

Selecting the installation location and sensor orientation method

Depending on its design, the motion sensor can have a different viewing angle to control the space from a few degrees to a circular view, which is usually used for ceiling mounting.

These angles are distributed in the horizontal and vertical planes, determine the observation area, and are indicated in the documentation.

Sensors intended for wall mounting usually have a view of about 110÷120 or 180 degrees horizontally and 15÷20 vertically.

Outside this space, no movements are detected by the sensors. Therefore, when installing a motion sensor, it is important not only to select them according to the viewing characteristics, but also to adjust them after installation to correct the direction. Designs with a movable viewing body facilitate adjustment, while for other devices it is necessary to think over and perform the initial installation very carefully.

Ceiling sensors typically have a 360 degree horizontal field of view that extends in a cone from top to bottom. His zone of control is much larger, but it can also have blind space in the corners of rooms.

Influence of foreign objects on the operation of sensors

When installing and configuring a motion sensor, it is important to take into account the conditions for their placement, to assess the impact on their reliability of nearby objects and various energy sources. Thermal heaters, swaying tree branches, passing cars, elevators going up/down and other objects can cause frequent false alarms.

When there is no way to get rid of them, then the sensitivity of the device is coarsened with a potentiometer or the interference zone is shielded.

HC-SR501 is a pyroelectric infrared motion sensor that allows you to detect the movement of people in a controlled area. It is a module consisting of a 500BP IR sensor, a Fresnel lens, and a BISS0001 microcircuit control module. The module operation mode is set by a jumper (mode H or mode L).

In H mode, when the sensor is triggered several times in a row, its output (at OUT) remains at a high logic level. In L mode, a separate pulse is sent to the output each time the sensor is triggered.
It is not recommended to use the sensor in places with sudden temperature changes - it will perceive a sharp burst of infrared radiation from heating as the appearance of a moving object, which can cause false alarms.

HC-SR501 is often used in burglar alarms, as well as in smart homes to control lighting when a person enters the room.

Specifications:


Supply voltage
4.5V-20V
Current on OUT
<60uA
Output voltage
High and low levels in 3.3V TTL logic
Detection distance
3.7m (customizable)
Detection angle
up to 120°-140° (depending on the specific sensor and lens)
Pulse Width at Detection
5 - 200sec. (configurable)
Blocking time until the next measurement
2.5sec (but can be changed by replacing SMD resistors)
Working temperature
-20....+80°C
Working mode
L - single capture, H - repeated measurements
Dimensions
3.2cm x 2.4cm x 1.8cm