LES VERBES DES 1er, 2e et 3e GROUPES
In French 3 groups of verbs. The endings of the infinitive (infinitif), present participle (participe présent) and past participle (participe passé) determine the group of the verb.
Manger is: I gr. choisir to choose: II gr. prendre take: III gr.
Group I verbs
The first group is the most numerous, it includes all verbs with endings:
Infinitif: -er Participe present: -ant Participe passé: -é
aimer love aimant love aimé love
Group II verbs
Verbs of the 2nd group have endings:
Infinitif: -ir Participe present: -issant Participe passé: -i
réagir react réagissant reacting réagi cannot be translated as the Russian past participle
Group III verbs
All other verbs belong to the third group, as well as the verb aller.
Infinitif: -ir Participe present: -ant Participe passe: -i
accueillir take accueillant taker accueilli take
assaillir to besiege, cueillir to gather, dormir to sleep, faillir to almost do, mentir to lie, partir to depart/leave, se repentir to repent, sentir to feel, servir to serve, sortir to go out, tressaillir to shudder...
Infinitif: -oir Participe present: -ant Participe passe: -u
apercevoir notice apercevant notice aperçu conspicuous
avoir to have and all other verbs like voir to see, falloir to be needed, valoir to cost, vouloir to want.
Infinitif: -re Participe present: -ant Participe passe: -u
croire believe croyant believer cru cannot be translated as the Russian past participle
battre to beat, boire to drink, connaître to know, vaincre to conquer, coudre to sew, pendre to take, rendre to give, répondre to answer, croître to grow, lire to read, moudre to grind, plaire to please, vivre to live...
Attention!
□ The verbs luire to sparkle, nuire to harm, rire to laugh, suifre to follow have the past participle in -i.
□ Verbs atteindre reach, peindre paint, teindre paint, craindre fear, plaindre complain about -int.
atteindre - atteint
□ Verbs dire to speak, écrire to write, conduire to lead, construire to build, détruire to destroy, faire to do in -it.
□ The stem of some verbs changes depending on the person:
Je couds I sew, ils cousent they sew.
Je hais I hate, ils haïssent they hate.
Je résous I decide, ils résolvent they decide.
The most difficult verbs
|
Participe present |
Participe passe |
|||
|
forgive sins |
||||
|
acquire |
||||
|
agree |
||||
|
close |
||||
|
conclude |
||||
|
win |
||||
|
courbaturer cause an ache |
courbature or courbatu |
|||
|
dissolve |
dissous - dissoute |
|||
|
worry |
||||
|
exclude |
||||
|
include |
||||
|
be needed |
no form participe présent |
|||
|
no form participe passé |
||||
|
replenish |
no form participe présent |
|||
|
fleurissant (plantes) florissant (santé, commerce) |
||||
|
be appropriate |
séant (attitude) seyant (vetement) |
participe passé no form participe passé no |
||
Attention!
It is correct to say: J "ai acquis une propriété. I bought the estate, not: J" ai acquéri une propriété.
Correct spelling: Je suis courbatu (or courbaturé). I feel broken, not Je suis courbattu.
IT IS INTERESTING
The emergence of new verbs
In the process of scientific and technological progress, new verbs inevitably appear. All of them belong to the first group. Two hundred years ago, no one knew the verb téléphoner to call on the phone, because. they just couldn't do it. The appearance of the verb pasteuriser to pasteurize is associated with the invention by Pasteur of a process that excludes fermentation.
Currently verbs III groups are much less common. So, the verb manquer to miss (I group) is increasingly replacing the verb faillir almost (III group), and s "habiller to dress - vêtir to put on; put on.
French as a Romance language inherited its grammar from Latin. In particular, this applies to the 4 most common forms of the infinitive: -re, -er, -ir, -oir. However, Latin was characterized by the presence of a thematic vowel. In French, however, the thematic vowel has disappeared (with rare exceptions in the forms subjonctif imparfait and passé simple). Thus, the defining difference between the conjugations was not the thematic vowel, but the forms of inflection and stem.
So, according to these features, French verbs are divided into 3 groups. The most extensive and difficult to study of them is the third one. It includes verbs that have an infinitive at the end:
- re: dire, repondre, traduire, etc;
- oir: pouvoir, devoir, vouloir, etc;
- ir (those that do not belong to group 2, i.e. do not have the -iss suffix in the paradigm plural): tenir, sortir, mourir, etc.
Naturally, in each tense and mood, these verbs have their own characteristics. In Présent, the following endings are added to the infinitive stem and are standard: -s, -s, -t, -ons, -ez, -ent. For example, the verb lire (to read): je lis, tu lis, il/elle lit, nous lisons, vous lisez, ils lisent.
However, some verbs have individual forms that need to be memorized or checked against reference materials. Such verbs are avoir, être, aller, pouvoir, faire, dire, venir, attendre, prendre, vouloir, répondre, atteindre and their derivatives.
In Passé composé (as well as in plus-que-parfait), participe passé is added to the auxiliary verbs - avoir and être. If for the verbs of the first and second groups it is formed according to a certain pattern, then for the third group the past participle needs to be clarified, each verb has its own.
In Imparfait, French verbs of the 3rd group do not create difficulties and are conjugated according to the general rules.
In Passé simple, verbs in -ir (except courir, mourir), -uire, -endre, -ondre have endings: -is, -is, -it, -îmes, -îtes, -irent.
For example, the verb rendre (to return): je rendis, tu rendis, il rendit, nous rendîmes, vous rendîtes, ils rendirent.
At the same time, verbs of the same group in -aître, -oir (except for voir) have the endings -us, -us, -ut, -ûmes, -ûtes, -urent.
For example, the verb devoir (to be due): je dus, tu dus, il dut, nous dûmes, vous dûtes, ils durent.
The verbs avoir, venir and être in the passé simple have individual paradigms.
In the Future simple, most verbs of the third group (as well as the verbs of other groups) add the endings -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont to the infinitive. Verbs in -re lose the -e vowel: dire - je dirai.
A number of verbs (mostly the same as in other tenses) have individual forms.
At education imperative mood(mode impératif) verbs of the third group behave like the verbs of other groups. Only the verbs avoir, être, savoir and vouloir have a special form.
When forming a conditional mood (mode conditionnel), the verbs of the third group do not show any individual features.
But in education subjunctive mood(mode subjonctif) the verbs avoir, être, faire, pouvoire, aller, falloir, valoir, devoir, savoir and vouloir have special forms, while the rest of the French verbs of the 3rd group are conjugated according to the general rules.
The verbs of the 3rd group of the French language represent a rather difficult group to understand, since they are irregular (i.e. there is no clear certain rules, which could be guided by their conjugation), respectively, it is rather difficult for students to remember all forms of conjugation. The development I propose can be used both for studying and for repeating previously studied verbs.
Download:
Preview:
Present | Imperatif - ouvre, ouvrons, ouvrez |
j'ouvre nous ouvrons tu ouvres vous ouvrez il ouvre ils ouvrent | Participe passé - ouvert |
Futur simple - j'ouvrirai |
Les verbes en "-vrir, -frir"
ouvrir - 1) qch open, unlock, open something (une fenêtre, un livre, les yeux)
2) qch open, start something (une séance, la discussion, la marche)
3) vi open up (Le magasin ouvre à 8 heures.)
s'ouvrir - 1) open, unlock, dissolve (La porte s'ouvre.)
2) to open up, to be seen (Une belle vue s'ouvre devant nos yeux.)
couvrir qch (de qch ) - cover, cover something (couvrir la table d'une nappe)
se couvrir de qch - covered with something
offrir qch - 1) to offer, give something (un bouquet, un cadeau)
Offrire qch à qn pour son anniversaire
2) to offer something (une tasse de café, son aide, ses services)
souffrir (de qch ) - suffer, suffer (from smth.) (souffrir de la chaleur (from the heat), de la soif.
decouvrir - 1) qch to reveal, to leave uncovered (son flanc).
2) qch discover, discover.
Mettez les verbes au present et au futur simple:
1) C'est la fanfare qui (ouvrir) la marche. 2) Cette fenêtre (s'ouvrir) mal. 3) Le ciel (se couvrir) de nuages. 4) Les champs (se couvrir) de fleurs. 5) Ils nous (offrir) leurs places. 6) Je lui (offrir) mes services. 7) Elle (souffrir) souvent de maux de tête.
Dites au passé compose:
j'ouvre la bal il nous offre son aide
la porte s'ouvre ils lui offrent leurs services
les fenêtres s'ouvrent nous souffrons du froid
la neige couvre la terre les champs se couvrent de fleurs
Traduisez:
1. Open the window, the room is too hot.
2. Who opened the door for you?
3. It was he who opened the meeting.
4. At that moment the door opened and I saw my brother,
5. From our balcony opens beautiful view on the Moscow River. (La Moscow)
6. Cover the table with this tablecloth.
7. A large red carpet covered the middle of this room.
8. He looked out the window, everything was covered with snow.
9. By evening the sky was covered with clouds.
10. In (en) days the trees were covered with leaves.
11. Forests occupied the entire left bank of the river.
12. My friend offered me two tickets to the Bolshoi Theatre.
13. Who gave you this bouquet?
14. Why didn't you offer them your help?
15. What did you give her for her birthday?
17. Did you suffer a lot from the heat?
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Explanatory note and lesson planning for the French textbook "Your friend is French!" for grade 3
EXPLANATORY NOTE Grade 3This work program was developed on the basis of the author's work program in French for grade 3 (from the collection "Working programs in French" 2 ...
Independent work consists of tasks of varying degrees of difficulty to determine the level of knowledge on a given grammatical topic....
Calendar-thematic planning in grade 3, French
Calendar-thematic planning in the French language Grade 3 is compiled on the basis of the author's program A.S. Kuligina, basic level, French. Work programs. Subject line...
Group 3 French verbs are the most difficult group of verbs to understand because they are irregular. To date, there are no clearly defined and valid rules that could guide their conjugation; accordingly, it is almost impossible for a non-native speaker to remember all forms of conjugation due to their vast number (approximately 64 verbs and their derivatives).
All these verbs can be mentally divided into verbs conjugated by analogy, and verbs that have no analogues, or have their own conjugation features. For example, the verb aller in 3l.pl. has the form vont, the formation of which does not fall under any rule for the formation of verb conjugation. There are quite a large number of such verbs, and they are subject to mandatory memorization.
The most common and frequently used verbs that have no analogues of conjugation are the following verbs:
Some French verbs of the 3rd group have several, in particular 2 or 3 possible forms of conjugation. Such verbs include such verbs as s'asseoir - to sit down; Ouïr - to hear, to listen, the conjugation of which is given below:
Je m'assieds / m'assois / m'asseois dans un fauteuil - I sit in a chair
tu t'assieds / t'assois / t'asseois dans un fauteuil - you sit in a chair
il s'assied / s'assoit / s'asseoit dans un fauteuil - he sits in a chair
nous nous asseyons / nous assoyons / nous assoyons dans un fauteuil - we sit in a chair
vous vous asseyez / vous assoyez / vous assoyez dans un fauteuil - you sit in a chair
ils s'asseyent / s'assoient / s'asseoient dans un fauteuil - they sit in a chair
When translating this verb into Russian, there may be doubts about the correctness of the translation, because often this verb is translated as to sit down, but this translation is false. From the point of view of philology, "sit down" means to sit on the edge of a chair.
Ouir - to hear
j'ouïs / ois la voix sonore - I hear a ringing voice
tu ouïs / ois la voix sonore - you hear a sonorous voice
il ouït / oit la voix sonore - he hears a ringing voice
nous ouïssons / oyons la voix sonore - we hear a sonorous voice
vous ouïssez / oyez la voix sonore - you hear a sonorous voice
ils ouïssent / oient la voix sonore - they hear a sonorous voice
The verbs avoir - to have, to have, and être - to exist, to be, should be singled out separately, since they can be used both as an independent and auxiliary verbs. The conjugations of these verbs are presented below:
There are also verbs with only a few forms of conjugation, especially such verbs as falloir - to be, to follow, to be required; pleuvoir - to fall, to rain; seoir - to be in person, to sit. The available forms of conjugation of these verbs are presented below:
il faut peindre la vieille palissade - the old fence needs to be painted
il pleut à torrents - it pours like a bucket
ils pleuvent - they fall in abundance
il sied apprendre à conduire la voiture - you should learn to drive a car
La couleur lilas lui sied - purple suits him
In most cases, only the singular form is used in speech.
To French verbs of 3 groups, in the likeness of which some others are conjugated Irregular Verbs, belong to the following:
