Morse code October 4th, 2015
The term "Morse code" is known not only by professional signalmen, meticulous radio amateurs, but also probably more or less informed ordinary people, thanks to cinema, press and radio. But unfortunately, not everyone knows the history of its invention, the authors themselves, and so on. But let's start from the very beginning. So who is Morse himself?
Samuel Morse had no special technical education. He was quite a successful artist, founder and president of the National Academy of Drawing in New York.
Here are the details of the history of this invention...
Samuel Finley Breeze Morse was born on April 27, 1791 in the family of the famous local preacher Jedid Morse in the American town of Charlestown (Massachusetts). In 1805 he entered Yale University.
In 1811, Samuel went to Europe to study painting with Washington Alston. The young man showed great promise as an artist. In 1813, he submitted to the London Royal Academy of Arts the painting "The Dying Hercules", which was awarded a gold medal. In 1815 he returned to his homeland. A few years later, Samuel was recognized as the leader and idol of young American artists (his brush belongs to the famous portrait of President Munro). In 1825 he founded a society of painters in New York (later the National Academy of Drawing) and became its president, and in 1829 he again went to Europe to study the structure of drawing schools and outstanding works of painting.
October 1, 1832 from Le Havre to New York sailing ship "Sally" (the captain of the ship - Pell). The famous doctor of those times (the discoverer of anesthesia and new methods of pain relief in medicine) - Charles T. Jackson in the first class cabin demonstrated a focus experience to its passengers: the compass needle began to rotate when a piece of wire connected to a galvanic element was brought to it. Samuel watched the experiment closely.
In Europe, at that time, the book of M. Faraday was published and the experiments given in it were repeated in many laboratories, and in early 1832 St. Petersburg witnessed the first experiments of Schilling. "Extracting sparks from a magnet" seemed a miracle to the uninitiated. The experience he saw gave him the idea of creating a system for transmitting signals over wires, using combinations of transmission of “sparks”. This idea captured him. During the month-long voyage home, Morse sketched several drawings. The next three years, working in the attic in the house of his brother Richard, he devoted to the construction of the apparatus according to his drawings, but to no avail. In 1835 he was appointed professor of painting at the newly opened New York University, where in September 1837 he demonstrated his invention. The signal was sent over a 1,700-foot wire.
A prominent American industrialist Steve Weil became interested in Morse's work and agreed to donate 2 thousand dollars and provide premises for further experiments on one condition - S. Morse would take his son Alfred as an assistant. The union of the younger Weil and Morse proved to be fruitful. The first message was sent on May 27, 1844, and the text of which read: “Wonderful are thy works, Lord!” For the transmission of parcels, a key invented by the Russian scientist B.S. Yakobi was used, and for reception, an electromagnet was used, the anchor of which controlled the movement of the ink pen across the paper.
Working on the further improvement of his telegraph apparatus, Samuel Morse in 1838 also invented a code - the telegraph alphabet. Note: The telegraph alphabet (a system for encoding characters in short and long packages for transmitting them over communication lines, known as “Morse code” or “Morse code”), which is used now, differs significantly from the one invented in 1838 by S. Morse, although some researchers believe that its author was Alfred Weil, Samuel Morse's business partner.
It should be noted that the original table of "Morse code" was strikingly different from those codes that sound today on amateur bands. In it, firstly, parcels of three different durations (dot, dash and em dash) were used. Secondly, some characters had pauses within their codes. The encodings of the modern and original tables match only for about half of the letters (A, B, D, E, G, H, I, K, M, N, S, T, U, V, and W) and do not match for any of the digits. Moreover, other principles were generally used to construct a code for a number of characters in the original Morse code. So, along with “dots” and “dashes”, there were combinations of “double dash” (letter L) and even “triple dash” (number 0), and some characters included a pause .... The Latin letter C, for example, was transmitted then as "two dots-pause-dot", i.e., in essence, as the letters I and E, transmitted one after another. This significantly complicates the reception of radiograms. That is why various variants of the telegraph alphabet soon appeared, which did not contain codes with pauses between parcels (Phillips, Baln, “sea”, “continental” ...).
The modern version of the international "Morse code" (International Morse) appeared quite recently - in 1939, when the last adjustment was made (the so-called "continental" version), which mainly affected punctuation marks. It sounds even more incredible, but the fact is that the original version of the “Morse code” was used in some places on railways until the mid-60s of the XX century!
In 1851, the German "Commission for the Construction of the Telegraph" appreciated the advantages of the "Morse apparatus", and since then it has found its wide application.
In recent years, S. Morse lived in Ponchkif (near New York) and died on April 2, 1872 in wealth and honor.
sources
http://www.aif.ru/infographic/1100337
http://razmishlyajem.ru/o-raznom-vsyakom/interesny-e-fakty/azbuka-morze-istoriya-sozdaniya
http://xn—-dtbjalal8asil4g8c.xn—p1ai/priboryi/istoriya-azbuki-morze.html
http://ua4cgr.narod.ru/2010/morze.html
http://www.morze.ru/morze/morze_bio.htm
A few more stories about famous people: here you are, but everyone was famous. Who was and who is The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy is made -Samuel Finley Breeze Morse was born on April 27, 1791 in the family of the famous local preacher Jedid Morse in the American town of Charlestown (Massachusetts). In 1805 he entered Yale University.
In 1811, Samuel went to Europe to study painting with Washington Alston. The young man showed great promise as an artist. In 1813, he submitted to the London Royal Academy of Arts the painting "The Dying Hercules", which was awarded a gold medal. In 1815 he returned to his homeland. A few years later, Samuel was recognized as the leader and idol of young American artists (his brush belongs to the famous portrait of President Munro). In 1825, he founded a society of painters in New York (later the National Academy of Drawing) and became its president, and in 1829 he again went to Europe to study the structure of drawing schools and outstanding works of painting.
On October 1, 1832, the sailing ship "Sally" (the captain of the ship - Pell) left Le Havre for New York. The famous doctor of those times (the discoverer of anesthesia and new methods of pain relief in medicine) - Charles T. Jackson in the first class cabin demonstrated a focus experience to its passengers: the compass needle began to rotate when a piece of wire connected to a galvanic cell was brought to it. Samuel watched the experiment closely.
In Europe, at that time, the book of M. Faraday was published and the experiments given in it were repeated in many laboratories, and in early 1832 St. Petersburg witnessed the first experiments of Schilling. "Extracting sparks from a magnet" seemed a miracle to the uninitiated. The experience he saw prompted him to think about creating a system for transmitting signals over wires, using combinations of transmission of "sparks". This idea captured him. During the month-long voyage home, Morse sketched several drawings. The next three years, working in the attic in the house of his brother Richard, he devoted to the construction of the apparatus according to his drawings, but to no avail. In 1835 he was appointed professor of painting at the newly opened New York University, where in September 1837 he demonstrated his invention. The signal was sent over a 1,700-foot wire.
A prominent American industrialist Steve Weil became interested in Morse's work and agreed to donate 2 thousand dollars and provide premises for further experiments on one condition - S. Morse would take his son Alfred as an assistant. The union of the younger Weil and Morse proved to be fruitful. The first message was sent on May 27, 1844, and the text of which read: "Wonderful are thy works, Lord!" For the transmission of parcels, a key invented by the Russian scientist B.S. Yakobi was used, and for reception, an electromagnet was used, the anchor of which controlled the movement of an ink pen across the paper.
Working on the further improvement of his telegraph apparatus, Samuel Morse in 1838 also invented a code - the telegraph alphabet. Note: The telegraphic alphabet (a system for encoding characters in short and long parcels for transmitting them over communication lines, known as "Morse code" or "Morse code"), which is used now, differs significantly from the one invented in 1838 by S. Morse, although some researchers believe that its author was Alfred Weil, Samuel Morse's business partner.
It should be noted that the original table of the "Morse code" was strikingly different from those codes that sound today on amateur bands. In it, firstly, parcels of three different durations (dot, dash and em dash) were used. Secondly, some characters had pauses within their codes. The encodings of the modern and original tables match only for about half of the letters (A, B, D, E, G, H, I, K, M, N, S, T, U, V, and W) and do not match for any of the digits. Moreover, to construct a code for a number of characters in the original Morse Code, other principles were generally used. So, along with "dots" and "dashes", there were combinations of "double dash" (letter L) and even "triple dash" (number 0), and some characters included a pause .... The Latin letter C, for example, was transmitted then as "two dots-pause-dot", i.e., essentially, as the letters I and E, transmitted one after the other. This significantly complicates the reception of radiograms. That is why various versions of the telegraph alphabet soon appeared, which did not contain codes with pauses between parcels (Phillips, Baln, "sea", "continental" ...).
The modern version of the international "Morse code" (International Morse) appeared quite recently - in 1939, when the last adjustment was made (the so-called "continental" version), which mainly affected punctuation marks. It sounds even more incredible, but the fact is that the original version of the "Morse code" was used in some places on railways until the mid-60s of the XX century!
In 1851, the German "Commission for the Construction of the Telegraph" appreciated the advantages of the "Morse apparatus", and since then it has found its wide application.
In recent years, S. Morse lived in Ponchkif (near New York) and died on April 2, 1872 in wealth and honor.
According to the site www.qso.ru
We've all heard of Morse Code, which has been used by military and civilian communications professionals for over a century. It was invented by American Samuel Finley Breeze Morse in 1838.
At first, it was used in special telegraph devices (which, by the way, were also invented by Samuel Morse) for transmitting and receiving messages via telegraph communication. At one end of the wire was a transmitter, the so-called telegraph key, and at the other end, an electromagnetic receiver, which controlled the mechanism that wrote on paper tape.
This device existed practically unchanged from the end of the 30s of the 19th century until the middle of the 20th century. Yes, of course, it has been modernized with the development of scientific and technological progress, but the basic technology has not changed.
Morse code is a telegraph code. Each letter of the alphabet, number or sign is indicated by a series of short or long electric currents. Short inclusions are dots, long inclusions are dashes.
In telegraphy, the non-uniform Morse code was replaced by a uniform code, however, even today, amateur radio enthusiasts use Morse code for communication. Telegraphic alphabet, "Morse code" - this is the name of the invention of Samuel Morse.
Practically in any educational institution specializing in telegraph or radio communications, Morse code is studied. As the trainees say, there is no need to memorize the designation of letters with combinations of dots and dashes. In addition, teachers advise not to do this, but to memorize the “sounds” of letters and words as a whole, which allows you to quickly master both the alphabet itself and “work on the key”.
How did the idea come up to create a special code for transmitting information, and how did the history of Morse code begin? In 1791, in the small town of Charlestown, which is located in the northeastern United States, Samuel Morse was born in the family of the priest Jedid Morse.
Morse received his higher education at Yale University, which is one of the eight best universities in America. At this time, his main occupation was painting, and in this art he showed great promise. In 1811, Samuel went to Europe to Washington Alston to improve his professional skills. In 1813, his painting "The Dying Hercules" was awarded the gold medal of the London Royal Academy of Arts. However, after 2 years, the young artist returns to the New World.
At home, Morse continues to paint, and in 1825 in New York he founded the National Academy of Drawing, of which he became president.
In 1829 Morse travels to Europe again. This time the purpose of his trip is to study the works of famous artists, as well as gain experience in creating schools of fine arts. At the same time, all the leading European scientists in their laboratories performed experiments based on the principles of electromagnetism and electromagnetic induction described in the book of Michael Faraday. In those days, using the properties of magnetic fields was like magic.
In addition, in 1832, Morse observed the experiments of the electrical inventor Pavel Schilling to create the first electromagnetic telegraph, which played an important role in the history of the creation of Morse code. Impressed by what he saw, Samuel Morse became fascinated with the idea of the possibility of transmitting information over wires through a combination of so-called "sparks".
Returning home on the ship, Samuel made a couple of sketch drawings of the future device. Over the next three years, Morse unsuccessfully tried to create a normally working apparatus for transmitting information over wires.
Only by 1837, already a professor of painting at New York University, he managed to create an apparatus that could send a signal over wires at a distance of just under 520 meters.
Morse's experiments attracted the attention of Steve Vail, the owner of industrial enterprises in America, who, in exchange for accepting his son Alfred as a companion to Morse, agreed to provide premises for Samuel's experiments, and also invested 2 thousand dollars in the project.
A year after the invention of the apparatus in 1838, Morse developed his world-famous code. Alfred Weil also contributed, he added letter codes. Today, the international Morse code, which was adopted in 1939, is used. It is an improved Morse code, but even the original version of the code was still in use in the 60s of the twentieth century. Samuel Morse became famous thanks to his invention, and his widespread use in various fields brought a considerable income to the author.
What is Morse code and what is it for?
Editorial responseFebruary 8, 1838 Samuel Morse presented to the public his invention - the electromagnetic telegraph system. The device could transmit messages over short distances in a special encoding. This code is called "Morse code" or Morse code.
Artist-inventor
Samuel Morse had no special technical education. He was quite a successful artist, founder and president of the National Academy of Drawing in New York. Returning from a trip to Europe on a ship, Morse saw tricks using electromagnetic induction, which entertained a bored audience. A wire under electrical voltage was brought to the compass, the needle of which began to spin wildly.
It was then that Morse came up with the idea to transmit certain signals over wires. The artist immediately sketched a diagram of the prototype of the telegraph. The device consisted of a lever on a spring, to the end of which a pencil was attached. When the current was applied, the pencil fell and left a line on the moving paper tape, and when the current was turned off, the pencil rose, and a gap was obtained in the line.
invention of the telegraph
Morse managed to bring the idea to life only three years later - the lack of technical education affected. The first device was able to receive and fix a signal over a wire 500 meters long. Then this discovery did not arouse much interest, since it did not have commercial benefits.
The potential of Morse's invention was seen by industrialist Steve Weil. He financed the artist's further research and appointed his son Alfred as his assistant. As a result, the device was improved - it received the signal more accurately, and the length of the wire increased many times over. Such a telegraph could already be used, and in 1843 the US Congress decided to build the first telegraph line between Baltimore and Washington. A year later, the first telegram was transmitted along this line with the words “Wonderful are your deeds, Lord!”.
Samuel Morse Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org / Matthew Brady
Morse code
Naturally, the device could not display letters - only lines of a certain length. But that was enough. Various combinations of lines and dots denoted alphabetic characters and numbers. Historians cannot say for sure whether this code was the invention of Morse or his partner Vail.
Initially, Morse code consisted of three signals of different durations. A point was taken as a unit of time. The dash sign consisted of three dots. The pause between letters in a word is three dots, between words is seven dots. This abundance of signs created confusion and complicated the process of receiving telegrams. Therefore, Morse's competitors gradually refined the code. For the most popular phrases and letters, the simplest combinations of letters or numbers were developed.
The telegraph and radio telegraph originally used Morse code, or, as it is also called, "Morse code". For the transmission of Russian letters, codes of similar Latin ones were used.
How is morse code used now?
Nowadays, as a rule, more modern means of communication are used. Morse code is sometimes used in the Navy and in the Ministry of Emergency Situations. It is very popular among radio amateurs.
Morse code will most likely never die, because this is the most accessible and easiest way to communicate. You can receive a signal over long distances and in conditions of strong radio interference, you can encode messages manually, and recording and playback takes place using the simplest devices. Thus, Morse code will not fail in an emergency if more sophisticated equipment fails.
On average, a radio operator can transmit between 60 and 100 characters per minute. The record speed is 260-310 characters per minute. The whole difficulty in learning Morse code lies in the fact that it is not enough just to memorize the combination of dots and dashes for each letter.
In order to seriously study the telegraph, you need to memorize not the number of dots and dashes in a letter, but “tunes”, which are obtained when the whole letter sounds. For example, chanting Phi-li-mon-chik means that the letter F was transmitted.
SOS
The SOS signal is forbidden to be given if there is no threat to the life of people or the vessel at sea. SOS is served without pauses between letters: “∙ ∙ ∙ − − − ∙ ∙ ∙ ” (three dots, three dashes, three dots), that is, as one long letter. While it is often believed that SOS is an acronym for "Save our souls" (save our souls) or "Save our ship" (save our ship), it was actually chosen for its ease of transmission, and is not transmitted as all abbreviations (separate letters), but a single letter.
Abbreviations, special "Q-codes" and numerous slang expressions are widely used to speed up radio traffic. For examples of encrypted messages in the “Morse language”, see the AiF.ru illustration.
MORSE CODE
MORSE CODE
(Morse code) - a system of symbols for letters and numbers with combinations of dots and dashes.
MORSE CODE
I. Signs assigned to flags and letters
(for telegraph communications)
Samoilov K.I. Marine dictionary. - M.-L.: State Naval Publishing House of the NKVMF of the USSR, 1941
Synonyms:
See what "MORSE ABC" is in other dictionaries:
Morse code, dot dash Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Morse code Morse code (colloquial) Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011 ... Synonym dictionary
- (Morse code), a set of signals used to send telegraph messages, either by wire or radiotelegraph. Morse code is made up of dots and dashes created by interruptions in direct electrical current or radio signals. Scientific and technical encyclopedic dictionary
AZBUKA, and, well. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
morse code- A telegraph code in which letters and numbers are represented as a combination of short (“dot”) and long (“dash”) signals. It is used in radio telegraph and amateur radio communications (Table M 4). [L.M. Nevdyaev. ... ... Technical Translator's Handbook
This term has other meanings, see ABC. A radio operator transmits a signal using Morse code ... Wikipedia
Morse code- a method of encoding letters of the alphabet for their transmission over a telegraph line. Coding is done using long and short signals (“dashes” and “dots”), as well as pauses separating letters. The alphabet was created by the American artist S. Morse. ... ... The fate of eponyms. Dictionary-reference
Morse code- a telegraphic code in which each letter of the alphabet corresponds to a combination of signals of small (dot) and large (dash) duration. It is used when working on the Morse telegraph apparatus and in optical signaling systems ... Brief dictionary of operational-tactical and general military terms
morse code- A system of conventional signs for the transmission of letters and numbers in telegraphy. Named after the American inventor S. Morse (1791 1872) ... Dictionary of many expressions
- ... Wikipedia
Morse code, Morse code- A set of special telegraph signals transmitted as combinations of dots and dashes. The international code contains letters of the Latin alphabet. Morse code elementary signals (dots, dashes) and the spaces between them must be of a certain length: dash ... ... Marine encyclopedic reference book
Books
- Fundamentals of classical cryptology. Secrets of ciphers and codes, Mikhail Adamenko. The book offered to the attention of readers is devoted to issues related to the history of the emergence and development of ciphers and codes, as well as the basics of cryptography, cryptanalysis and cryptology. Special attention…
