Often translated as the best. Spoken phrases in English with translation

Spoken English includes many speech cliches - phrases used as ready-made formulas for common situations. These can be expressions from one word (hello) or from several (to tell you the truth). This collection contains colloquial phrases in English that will be useful in everyday speech.

Speech patterns are an important part of spoken English

Spoken English can be understood as an informal style of speech with which native speakers communicate with each other. It is full of idioms, slang, quotes from bearded anecdotes and jokes from local TV. To fully participate in communication, for example, Americans, it is desirable to live in the United States.

But more often, purely functional English is called colloquial English when it is required to explain that part A is inserted into part B, and not vice versa. The main thing here is to know a minimum of vocabulary and have enough practice, and everything else is an optional luxury.

This minimum includes spoken phrases in English. These cliché phrases, blank phrases are capable of solving the lion's share of communicative tasks by themselves. For example, such everyday details of communication as greetings and farewells, wishes are completely clichéd. have a good day, expression of gratitude and apology.

By inserting the necessary blanks, you give the statement a shade of confidence or uncertainty, a joyful or dissatisfied attitude to the event. In a word, colloquial phrases-templates are very convenient.

Phrases and expressions in video lessons

Below is a list of expressions based on personal experience, and examples for them. But I also want to recommend you interesting video tutorials on the Puzzle English service - a lot of conversational topics, expressions, and individual nuances are simply and interestingly analyzed there. What is great, the lessons are provided with exercises.

Greetings and goodbyes

Greeting formulas include not only the greeting itself, but also the following question like “How are you?”, “How are you?” etc. Let's start with greetings and goodbyes:

hello	Hi Hello
Hi	Hey
good morning	Good morning
good afternoon	good day
good evening	good evening
Good bye (Bye)	Till
see you later (see you)	See you later
Have a nice (good) day	Have a good day

Notes:

hello and good bye- the most neutral forms of greeting and farewell, which are suitable for any situation. Hi- more colloquial, friendly form.
Phrases used to greet good morning\afternoon\evening, but not good night is a good night wish.
In English, as in Russian, there are parting words that imply parting forever, for example farewell(goodbye) is a bookish word found more in historical films than in everyday speech.

The greeting is usually followed by a formal question like “How are you?” Here are the basic question and answer options:

Notes:

Front fine, good or ok should be added thanks or thank you, thanking the interlocutor for being interested in how you are doing: Thanks, I’m fine.
Question How are you? It's just a greeting, a courtesy formula. Do not tell in detail how you are doing or, even worse, complain about life.
Read more about the intricacies of greetings in the article:

By the way, if you want to know how to learn expressions better, where to find examples, I have recorded a video with some tips:

Expression of gratitude and response

In 99% of cases, the following words are suitable for expressing gratitude and answering it: Thank you. – “You are welcome.” This formula exactly corresponds to the Russian "thank you - please." But there are other options as well. Here are some popular expressions of gratitude:

And gratitude responses:

Apologies and responses to apologies

Notes:

In short, the difference between sorry and excuse me in that sorry they say after they have done something (stepped on the foot - Oh, sorry!), and excuse me- when they are just going (Excuse me, can I take your pen, please?). That is sorry is when they express regret about something, and excuse me- to attract attention, to appeal, to ask for something.
In response to sorry usually say ok, it's fine, no problem, about how we answer "come on!" or "It's okay."

Expression of confidence and uncertainty

In conversation, words are often used that indicate the confidence or uncertainty of the speaker.

Notes:

Expressions I'm (pretty, absolutely) sure suitable for any situation. I'm certain \ I'm positive express more confidence than I'm sure, and sound more formal.
I bet is a set colloquial expression that literally means “I bet (on something)”. Russian equivalents: “I bet”, “I bet”.

Suggestion examples:

I'm sure you are right. - I'm sure you're right.
I'm certain we made the right decision. “I'm sure we made the right decision.
I'm positive I left my wallet in my car. “I know for a fact that I left my wallet in my car.
no doubt it's possible. - I have no doubt that it is possible.
I bet you don't have guts to jump! “I bet you have the guts to jump!”

Expression of uncertainty
I think	I think
I guess	I think \ Probably
I'm not sure	I'm not sure
I'm not quite sure	I'm not entirely sure
Maybe	May be
Perhaps	Maybe
Probably	Probably
As far as I know	As far as I know
As far as I remember	As long as I remember
I have a feeling	I have this feeling

Notes:

Expressions I think(I think) or I guess(lit.: I guess) are translated as “I think (I believe), I think, probably” and are often used when the speaker is not quite sure.
Expression I guess has a more informal connotation than I think, and is characteristic of American English.
Maybe and perhaps mean "maybe, maybe", but maybe- less formal. Word perhaps characteristic of written and official speech.

Suggestion examples:

I think he is taller than you, but I can't be certain. “I think he's taller than you, but I can't be sure.
I guess she prefer roses. I think she prefers roses.
I'm not sure we should eat this meal. I'm not sure we should eat this dish.
Anna explained the task but I'm not quite sure they understood her. Anna explained the task to them, but I'm not entirely sure they understood her.
Maybe your father can help you find a job. “Maybe your father can help you find a job.
Perhaps you will change your mind after the presentation. You may change your mind after the presentation.
This is probably the rare mineral in the world. “It is probably the rarest mineral in the world.
As far as I know smoking here is prohibited. As far as I know, smoking is prohibited here.
As far as I remember, the boy's name was Allen. - As far as I remember, the boy's name was Allen.
toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore. “Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore.

Expressing your opinion

Notes:

Like "I think" in Russian, I think may sound confident or, conversely, emphasize the speaker's uncertainty in his statement (which happens more often). It all depends on the context and intonation.
The popular Internet expression IMHO comes from English in my humble opinion(IMHO) - in my humble opinion.

Suggestion examples:

I think if you work hard, you'll do well in the exam. – I think that if you study hard, you will do well in the exam.
It seems to me that your business plan is very convincing. I think your business plan is very convincing.
In my opinion, there should be at least two windows in this room. “In my opinion, this room should have at least two windows.
To be honest, your new car is awful. “Honestly, your new car is terrible.
To tell you the truth, there is no choice for you. “Honestly, you don’t have much of a choice.
To my mind, red is not the best color for wallpapers. In my opinion, red is not the best color for wallpaper.

Agree and Disagree

Besides yes and no, there are other ways to express agreement and disagreement in English. The following are ways of expressing consent, which are complete sentences.

Notes:

Expression absolutely in response to a statement indicates agreement. Often, without thinking, it is translated as “absolutely”. But absolutely can rather be translated as “of course”, “I completely agree with you”, “necessarily”, etc. depending on the context:

Will you join us? - Absolutely.

Will you join us? - Certainly.

I couldn't (can't) agree more denotes firm, confident agreement. It is often used incorrectly, for example: I could agree more, I couldn't agree anymore.

Disagreement formulas are also short sentences.

Notes:

turnover If I were you This is a special case of a conditional sentence. Read more about it in the article.
Let's- an expression used to encourage joint action, like “let's (-te)” in Russian. In general, from a grammatical point of view, let's is an abbreviated form of let us, but the long form usually has a different meaning: let(s) us do something.

Let's go! - Lets go!

Let us go! - Let us go! (let us go)

Suggestion examples:

Would you like a cup of tea? – Would you like a cup of tea?
Do you want tea? – Do you want tea?
How about a cup of tea? – How about a cup of tea?
Can I offer you my help? May I offer you my help?
Let's get back to work. - Let's get back to work.
I recommend you avoiding some neighborhoods in our city. – I recommend that you avoid some areas in our city.
You should sleep better. - You should sleep better.
Why don't you come to our party tomorrow? Why don't you come to our party tomorrow?
If I were you, I would wait for a lawyer. “I'd wait for a lawyer if I were you.
You'd better take an umbrella. - You'd better take an umbrella.

Evaluation, expression of feelings

Great	Fine
Good	Good
Nice	ok, nice
Cool	Cool, cool
wow	wow wow
I like it	I like it
Fantastic!	Awesome! Fantasy!
not bad	Not bad
So so	So-so
It could be better	Could be better
not good	Not good
Bad	Badly
Awful	Disgusting, terrible
It's terrible	It's horrible
I'm so glad for you	I'm so happy for you
I'm sorry about that	I'm really sorry
Oh my god!	Oh my God!
What the hell!	What the heck!
What a pity! (what a shame)	What a pity!

Since religion is a delicate matter, the phrase “Oh my god” often replaced by a euphemism “Oh my gosh”, a “What the hell” – “What the heck”.
I'm sorry about that said to express sympathy when something sad happens.

I failed my exam. - I failed the exam.

Sorry about that. - I'm really sorry.

Expression “What a shame!” often erroneously translated as "What a shame!", since shame means "shame". It actually means "What a pity."

I understand / don't understand you

Notes:

got it- a colloquial expression, something like "reached".
Word spell in the expression “How do you spell it?” means "to spell". The question is often asked about the name or surname. In English, it is often impossible to hear how a name is spelled unless you spell it out. More on this in.

FAQ

Questions are more a topic of grammar, rather than vocabulary, a separate large article is devoted to them. Here I give some of the patterns used in colloquial speech.

What is…?	What's happened …?
Where is...?	Where …?
Can I...?	May I …?
Can you…? (Could you - more polite)	Could you…?
How much is...?	How much is …?
How many\much...?	How many …?
How long...?	How long …?
How do I go to…?	How do I get through...?
What time is it?	What time is it now?
What time do you…?	What time do you...?
How far is...?	How far …?
Where can I get …?	Where can I get/take…?
Where can I find …?	Where can I find…?
How do you like…?	As you like) …?
What's wrong?	What's wrong?
What happened? \ What's the matter?	What happened?

Notes:

In questions about quantity, pronouns can be used. many and much(How many? How much?). Read more about the difference between them in the article.
Question "What's the matter?" is a way of wondering what happened. But a similar question “What's the matter with you?”, which can often be heard in films, often has a negative connotation, something like: “What is wrong with you?”
Requests addressed to someone using a verb could, sound more polite than with a verb can: "Could you help me?" more polite than "Can you help me?"

Suggestion examples:

What is sarcasm? - What is sarcasm?
Where are your friends when you need them? Where are your friends when you need them?
Can I borrow your pen? - Can I borrow your pen?
Can you ask your dog to bark, please? – Could you ask your dog to bark, please?
how much are your boots, your clothes and your motorcycle? How much are your boots, clothes and motorcycle?
How many times can you fold a piece of paper? How many times can you fold a sheet of paper?
how long can you hold your breath? How long can you not breathe?
How do I go to the library, please? - How do I get to the library?
What time is it?- What time is it now?
What time do you close? - What time do you close?
How far is from here to the airport? How far (how far) is it from here to the airport?
Where can I get such a nice prom dress? Where can you find such a cute prom dress?
Where can I find investors? - Where can you find investors?
How do you like John's new apartment? How do you like John's new apartment?
What's wrong?- What's wrong?
What happened?- What's happened?

Different ways to start a sentence in English

In conclusion, I will give several ways to start a sentence in English. Some of them have already been cited above.

well..	Well…
So…	Anyway
As for me	As for me
As far as I remember…	As long as I remember…
As far as I know…	As far as I know…
Actually…	Actually
By the way	by the way
The problem is that	The problem is that…
The point is that	The bottom line is that
On the one hand…, on the other hand…	On the one hand on the other hand…
Happy…	Fortunately…
Unfortunately…	Unfortunately…
In my opinion…	In my opinion…
It seems to me that…	It seems to me…
I think \ I guess	I think…
Personally, I suppose …	Personally, I think...
Moreover, …	Moreover, …
What's worse is that	What's worse
Briefly speaking…	Shortly speaking…

Suggestion examples:

Well, let's get started. - Well, let's get started.
So what are you doing next weekend? "So what are you doing next week?"
As for me, I prefer cheeseburgers. As for me, I prefer cheeseburgers.
As far as I remember, there was a ladder on the roof. - As far as I remember, there was a ladder on the roof.
As far as I know, this is an episode from ‘Robinson Crusoe’. - As far as I know, this is an excerpt from Robinson Crusoe.
actually, her name was Nina. Actually, her name was Nina.
By the way, Tom is still waiting for your report. By the way, Tom is still waiting for your report.
The problem is that free college is not free. “The problem is that free college is not free.
The point is that it is possible but very difficult. “The bottom line is that it is possible, but very difficult.
On the one hand, I'd like more money, but on the other hand, I'm not prepared to work the extra hours in order to get it. - On the one hand, I would like more money, but on the other hand, I am not ready to work overtime to earn this money.
fortunately, we are in the semifinals but we are not champions. - Fortunately, we are in the semi-finals, but we are not champions.
unfortunately we got lost in the forest. Unfortunately, we got lost in the forest.
In my opinion, his previous play was much better. In my opinion, his previous play was much better.
It seems to me that we are at the wrong bus station. I think we're at the wrong bus stop.
I think that your teacher won't like a gift card. I think your teacher won't like the gift certificate.
Personally, I suppose that we should join our allies and help them. “Personally, I think we should join our allies and help them.
moreover, they didn't let me speak to a lawyer. “What's more, they didn't let me talk to a lawyer.

Sometimes it is quite difficult to understand the conversation between two gamers, since the slang contains a huge number of incomprehensible words.

On this page you can find the most common gaming words and their brief definitions. To quickly navigate through the dictionary and find the right word, you can use the general search on the site.

If you think that some gamer word is missing in the dictionary, you can give it to us. After verification by the moderator, the definition of the word will appear in the dictionary.

Submit a word to be added to the dictionary

A B C D E F G I K L M N O P R S T U V Y Z
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Agro (short for English aggression - hostility)- a characteristic of enemies in games that determines who they will attack. In MMOs, for example, many players hit a monster to increase the monster's aggro. Whichever player generates the most aggro is the one the monster hits.

Agronub- a player who craves reprisals against other players in PvP, but at the same time can do little due to the unshoe mechanics of the project. Agronub is born when an ordinary noob starts to think that he is a GM (not to be confused with crayfish: every agronoob is a cancer, but not every cancer is an agronoub).

Hell- 1) English. add (add) - the enemy joining the battle. When a lone boss calls out helpers from nowhere, they are called hells; 2) directly hell (hell) - a place where sinners are boiled in cauldrons. In the gaming industry, it is often used as a name for the difficulty level.

Addon, add-on, addon (English add-on)- additional material for a specific game. Usually, the addon includes new levels, modes, weapons, skills, skins for heroes, continuation of the plot, etc. In most cases, installing the add-on requires the original game, although sometimes developers release add-ons as standalone products. Some time after the release of the game, developers support the interest of the gaming community in it by releasing add-ons. Usually the addon costs significantly less than the game itself.

Account, account (English account)- a special record in the database that relates a real person to the virtual property belonging to him - characters, equipment, subscriptions to additional services, etc.

alpha tester- a user participating in the alpha testing of the game.

Alpha testing, alpha testing- one of the first stages of the trial of the game, at which a large number of errors are caught. At this stage, a relatively small number of people are involved, and in most cases these are special employees, either the developers themselves. After the completion of the alpha testing, the developers work on fixing all the bugs found by the participants in the alpha test. After making changes, the project moves to the stage of beta testing, or re-alpha test.

Anon- an unnamed member of the gaming community.

Antag (English untag - not marked)- in MMOs, a character without a clan sign.

Antagonist- usually this is one of the main plot characters in the game, who is actively fighting the main character - the protagonist. Often the antagonist is the main villain of the game, although this is not always the case.

Up, Up, AP- 1) Up (up) - the transition of the character to a new level. Apnitsya - survive to survive the increase in level; 2) AP (abbreviated from the English attribute points) - points that are spent on improving the characteristics of the character; 3) AP (short for English action points) - action points in turn-based games; 4) AP (abbreviated from the English arena point) - points issued for winning the arena (in MMO); 5) AP (abbreviated from English attack / ability power) - attack / skill power.

Art (English art - art)- an image created by artists in the early stages of the developers of a game project. This is usually a conceptual view of the game world and the characters that inhabit it, which can change significantly by the final version of the game. Also, art includes artwork created on the basis of an already finished game (most often this is fan art).

AFK (Eng. Away From Keyboard, AFK) is an abbreviation often used in chat. Literally translated as "departed from the keyboard" and means that the user will leave the computer for a while.

Achievement (English achievement - achievement)- a reward for fulfilling a certain condition in the game. In most projects, achievements are given as for passing certain stages storyline, as well as performing special actions - for example, finding all the hidden treasures, or killing several opponents with one shot.
Achievements serve to compare the skills of players and raise interest in the game - all modern gaming services provide the opportunity to compare your achievements with those of your friends.

Bug, glitch (English bug - beetle)- an error in the game or some other program. A bug can be either completely harmless and not interfering with the gameplay, or completely making the passage of the game impossible. Glitches can occur both due to an error in writing the code, and when the hardware or installed software is incompatible with the program or game being used.

Ban (English ban - prohibit)- one of the methods of punishing users for violating established rules. Usually a ban is issued by the game administrator for rude communication with other users, bot-making, intentional use of bugs or hacks, unauthorized purchase of game goods or currency for real money, as well as other serious violations. The ban can be permanent and temporary, and the ban does not always completely block the account - sometimes restrictions are simply imposed on the use of certain services.

Buffing, buff (English buffing)- the imposition of characteristics on the game character, which can be both positive and negative.
Positive buffs are often resorted to before significant battles to increase the combat abilities of the group. Sometimes in MMO projects they buff other users to express their sympathy.
During organized combat in MMO projects, buffing the group is usually the responsibility of one or more squad members. This allows the group to fight more effectively even during extended battles. A person who can apply buffs is called a buffer.

BB (abbr. English Bye Bye - bye [farewell])- farewell to the interlocutor in any network game.

beta tester- a user participating in the beta testing of the game.

Beta testing, beta testing- the stage of game development, at which the project is almost ready, but additional catching of bugs is required before the start of sales or commercial launch. During the beta test, the developers are trying to attract a large number of users who can recreate as many game situations as possible.
Beta testing is carried out by the developers themselves, or ordinary gamers are involved, who are ready to report bugs found during the testing process. A beta test can take place in several stages, after which the game is allowed for sale or commercial launch.

Bija- abbr. from jewelry. Bracelets, rings, earrings, etc.

Build (English build - style)- customization of character characteristics for a certain style of play, or to achieve a certain goal. Because Since the characteristics of a character are often influenced by the things he wears, a certain set of things that serve certain purposes is also called a build.

Bind (eng. bind - bind)- 1) Binding a number key to a group of troops, items or skills in strategies and RPGs, after which they can be resorted to by pressing this key. "Bind" - assign a key to a group, skill or skill, item, etc.; 2) Choosing a location to which the character is tied, having the ability to quickly return to it; 3) Binding a thing to a player, after which it cannot be sold for money or given to another user.

Bum- a player who does not belong to any alliance or clan. Usually used in multiplayer games where it is possible to wage clan wars.

boss- a very strong opponent, usually encountered by the hero after completing the level or at the very end of the storyline. Usually, defeating the boss requires a lot of effort and finding his weaknesses, although Lately the latter is not so common in modern, more casual projects. Often, defeating a boss requires completing one or more QTE sequences. If several bosses are encountered as you progress through the game, then each next one, as a rule, becomes stronger than the previous one.

Bot- a special program that controls the actions of the game character. Bots can be divided into two types: 1) a bot that acts as an opponent in a network game, on which you can train without the presence of real opponents; 2) a program that imitates the actions of a real player, used to automate the processes of pumping and farming. Such bots are prohibited in almost all multiplayer games.

Boost (English boost - increase)- a phenomenon in which any characteristics increase. Using haste in races, buffing damage, or using strength potions are all examples of boosts. Something that can produce these kinds of effects is called a booster.

Railway carriage- a low-level character that unites in a group with a high-level one, and gains experience on kills without doing anything. Used for power leveling.

Wipe (English wipe - destroy)- 1) a fatal set of circumstances in the MMO, in which the entire group is sent to the cemetery in the status of the dead; 2) chat spam in order to hide an objectionable message beyond its scope (each new message pushes the wipe target one line away, and when repeated many times, it completely disappears from view).

Vanshot (English one shot - one shot)- death from one hit / shot / skill.

Var, Holivar (English war - war, holy - holy)- the term has a wide application: the battle of the clan against the clan, the battle of teams in MOBA or opponents in multiplayer, the main condition is the duration. Whether it's a long game, or its reflection in real life: the eternal confrontation between two players or other sides. More often than not, the activity is more than useless.

Warlock (English warlock - warlock)- in RPG games, a character specializing in dark witchcraft.

Wartag (eng. war tag - mark of war)- A member of the opposing guild. In MMOs, there is a place to be directly labeled: guild members label hated rivals.

Video review- review of the game, made in the form of a short video. In it, the author talks about the main features of the project, and the video at this time demonstrates the gameplay. In well-made video reviews, the gameplay shown most of the time demonstrates what the announcer is talking about.

Virtual reality, VR (English virtual reality, VR)- a fictional world created by hardware and software systems. The perception of this world by a person occurs through various human sensations: sight, hearing, smell, touch and others. Virtual reality simulates both exposure and responses to exposure. To create a convincing complex of sensations of reality, a computer synthesis of the properties and reactions of virtual reality is performed in real time.
To achieve greater realism, when creating virtual reality, the goal is often to recreate as many laws of material reality as possible. At the same time, in games for entertainment purposes, users of virtual worlds are allowed more than is possible in real life (for example: fly, create any objects, etc.).
At the same time, one should not confuse virtual reality with augmented reality, because the purpose of virtual reality is to create a new world, and augmented reality is only to introduce new objects into an existing one.

Age rating– legislative restriction on the age of various works of mass culture and games as well. This restriction is intended to limit the impact on the not yet fully formed consciousness of a minor. V different regions there are content rating systems.

take out, take out, take away- eliminate something. You can take out the opponent's team, enemy hero, etc.

Sawing (English cutting)- knocking out a player from some location or level zone. Very often, working in a team, players are engaged in sawing out campers. In other words, sawing can be described as knocking out an opponent from a certain location on the map, depriving him of a tactical advantage.

Guide, guide (English guide)- A guide to the game, which contains tips to help you better master the gameplay. Often the guide includes a step-by-step walkthrough of the game.

Gamat (English game - play)– play any computer or video game.

Ganges, Ganks (English gang kill - killing by the crowd)- killing an opponent with a crowd. The term is widely used in MOBAs and MMOs.

Garena– a network service designed for a network game. The service allows you to create a virtual local area network between players connected by the global Internet in just a few clicks and does not require additional configuration to start using. Since this service allows you to play many pirated versions of games online, it is very common among a younger audience of gamers.

GG, GG (abbr. English good game - a good game)- 1) a statement of fact in a collective game: the game [game], according to the writer, is good. In our time, the reduction has practically lost its original meaning, and is used as a synonym for the end of the game [game]; 2) abbr. from G lava G eroi, protagonist.

Game over, gamover (English game over - the game is over)- the end of the game. V modern games such a phrase usually ends the loss of the game, but previously such an ending meant the general end of the game, regardless of whether the gamer won or not.

Gamer (English gamer - player)- A person who plays games. Although the term includes people who do not consider themselves to be full players, they are often used to refer to those who spend a lot of time playing games or are interested in them.

Gameplay- the gameplay of a computer game from the point of view of the player. The concept of gameplay is very general and usually expresses the perceived experience of the gameplay, which is influenced by various factors, such as story, sound and graphics. Thus, one and the same combination of gameplay factors can lead to different, sometimes even completely opposite, assessments by two different people.

Gimp (English gimp - cripple)- Useless in PvP character. Gimps can become victims of improper buildup or purchase.

GM- 1) abbr. English game master - the honorable title of a regular, a master of a particular game. In domestic realities, players call themselves GMs; 2) abbr. English guild master - the owner [founder or manager] of the guild.

gosu, goser- synonymous with GM or Papa. A very experienced player.

Grena, toast (English grenade - grenade)- a commonly used name for grenades in shooters. This term refers to both conventional grenades and any other explosive devices.

Grind (English grind - grind)- gameplay, which consists in a tedious action of the same type. Killing an infinite number of weak mobs for experience or loot is a classic example of grinding.

Griever (eng. griefer - causing suffering)- a player who takes pleasure in spoiling the game for other people.

GFSh, FSH, Frishard, Frishka, Friha, Shard- abbr. from "shit freeshard". Free pirate game server. There are no good examples.

Damage (English damage - damage)- damage, or damage, inflicted by the hero to other game characters and vice versa. This value has a numerical representation, which is subtracted from the current amount of health of the character who was damaged. Often, the amount of damage is affected by the weapon used, the skill and other characteristics of the character's characters, as well as the armor used.

Dungeon (English dungeon - dungeon)- a location limited by a border (material, for example, in the form of mountains, or logical in the form of invisible walls) - a cave, dungeon, ruins, etc. Usually the hero goes to dungeons to complete a specific task - to find something, or kill someone.
In multiplayer games, group dungeons are common, designed to be played in the company of friends. At the same time, mobs in such locations are much stronger than usual, and at the end of the day, the group will have to fight with one or even several bosses.

Engine (English engine - motor, engine)- a complex set of programs designed to create computer and video games. Modern engines include a lot of modules - rendering, physics, sound, scripting, animation, artificial intelligence, networking, multithreading, memory management, etc. All this allows you to significantly reduce the time and resource costs for creating and porting games.
On one engine, games of completely different genres and settings can be created.

Debuff (English debuff)- any negative impact on the player or mob that does not cause direct damage. Usually, for every stat that can be buffed, there is a debuff that lowers that stat's value. Typical examples of a debuff include a reduction in base stats, slowing down or completely stopping a character, blindness, silence, and also reducing resistance to a certain type of damage.

Device device, instrument, mechanism. The word has both an in-game display (a gravity gun is a device) and an out-of-game display: mice, gamepads, etc. are called devices.

Grandfather- an old-timer and a frequenter of the game. Extremely experienced user.

demo, demo, demo- a demo version of the game, which is distributed for free (although there are a few exceptions when the demo version of the game was sold). Demos are released so that a potential user can make sure in advance that he is buying an interesting game of good quality.
Demo versions are usually limited to a few entry levels that take no more than a couple of hours to complete.

Ding- onomatopoeia of the moment of transition to a new level, which began to mean this phenomenon.

Disconnect– termination of connection with the server.

DLC, DLC (eng. downloadable content, DLC)- additional downloadable content for games distributed online through various digital distribution services. DLC can be both paid and distributed absolutely free. The original game is required to install the DLC.

Donat (English donate - donate) is one of the ways for developers to get money from players. It is usually present in "free" projects, where it is possible to play without paying for the game itself. At the same time, it is possible to get some advantages for a relatively small amount of money. Usually, for a donation, you can upgrade your character faster or get unique items and abilities.
Recently, developers have been trying to maintain a balance between paying and playing for free users - the donation system is being developed in such a way as to reduce the time required for the user to achieve certain results. At the same time, a user who plays absolutely free can achieve the same results, having spent a significant amount of playing time on this.

Supplement (English expansion pack - expansion pack)- additional content for any game. Unlike DLC, it can be distributed not only through digital distribution services, but also on separate discs.
Usually, the add-on includes new levels, weapons, characters, continuation of the story, and so on. Most often, the installation of the add-on requires the presence of the original game, but there are also independent add-ons that are released as full-fledged games.

Augmented Reality (AR) is a term that describes all projects that seek to complement the real world with any kind of virtual elements.
Augmented reality in games is achieved using a camera and other additional sensors. The received information is processed and on the screen a person can see the image captured by the camera, supplemented by virtual objects.

DoT (abbr. English Damage Over Time - damage over time)- damage that is inflicted over a period of time. One enemy can have multiple DoTs.

DPS (abbr. English Damage Per Second - damage per second)- the amount of damage that a character can inflict in one second.

Drop (English drop - fall, drop)- items that fall from the enemy when defeating him.

Drul- druid. Character class in MMO and MOBA games.

Dupe- creating a duplicate of an item, or a sum of money in the game through the use of mistakes made by the developers.

Close Beta Testing (CBT)- closed beta testing of the game. The beta test accepts separately selected players from all who have applied for participation. Typically, the selection criteria are both social parameters and computer characteristics of a potential candidate. This method allows you to recruit the widest range of audience and test the stability of the game on a large number of different configurations.
Also, you can get to participate in closed beta testing by receiving a special code, often called an “invite”. You can often get invites on various game portals, with which the game developers have agreed to hold special promotions.

Zerg– 1) a large crowd of people or units. The common form of this word comes from 2) the name of a race in Starcraft.

Zerg rush- blitzkrieg of the game world: fast attack with a huge number of units.

Event, event, event (English event - event)- an event that is not standard for the gameplay, expressed in the form of a special competition, a fair of special goods, or the appearance of special mobs in places where they did not exist before. Usually, events are organized by the project administration for holidays or other significant dates, although they can be held by the players themselves - for example, an unofficial tournament or an organized mass attack on enemy positions.

game studio- a group of people involved in the development and creation of games. Sometimes several studios can be combined to work on a large project. After the release of the game, the studio continues to work on the project for some time, releasing patches and additions.
Game studios can create projects either under the guidance of a game publisher or completely independently. In the second case, the studios are called independent.

Game world- the world that is embodied in the game, thanks to the plot implementation and gameplay. Speaking about the game world, they mean immersing the user in the plot of the project with a presentation of the history of the game world, a description of its laws and events. The game world tells about heroes and anti-heroes who produce some significant event that develops the action in front of the player.

gamer- a person who is addicted to computer and video games. At the moment, there are clinics specializing in the treatment of gambling addiction.

gambling addiction- addiction, as a result of which a person cannot lead a normal life, since the gamer seeks to spend all his time playing games.

AI, AI (English artificial intelligence, AI)- a special part of the program code of the game, responsible for the actions of game characters under the control of the computer.

Imb, imba (English imbalance - imbalance)- the definition refers to something very cool in the project that does not fit into the game balance. It can be some class, Persian, incredibly cool skill or item.

Instance, insta (English instance - case)- in MMOs, a location that is uploaded personally for the group.

Instant kill- instant kill. Any one-shot is an instant kill, but not any instant kill is a one-shot - death can also occur as a result of a gank.

Kite (English kite - [air, paper] kite)- the process of attacking the enemy when the enemy cannot fight back (this can happen as when using a ranged attack, with impenetrable armor or with 100% evasion from attacks). When kiting, the aggro of the enemy should be on the attacker (kite), while the rest of the group can easily destroy it without taking damage. The kite can also be used as a means of locomotive.

Cartridge, Karik (English cartridge - cartridge)- an electronic device based on ROM chips that contains a game for the corresponding game console. In addition to a number of advantages (good copy protection, expansion of the console's capabilities, quick access of the console to the game content), cartridges have several big disadvantages - the cost of production and rapid mechanical wear of both the cartridge with frequent replacement of the game, and the console connector itself for cartridges. In this regard, console manufacturers abandoned this format back in the late 80s.

Caster (English cast - cast [enchantment])- a character capable of conjuring, casting spells.

Quest (English quest - search)- 1) the genre of the game, the main task of the player in which is to solve logical problems and puzzles, often associated with the need to initially find objects in available locations, and then come up with a use for them; 2) the task given to the player.

Quick Time Events (Quick Time Events, QTE)- one of the gameplay elements in games. The point is that buttons appear on the screen, and the player must have time to press them in time. Sometimes you need to quickly repeatedly press one button, or even hold down several buttons at the same time, which sometimes turns the QTE into a “twister” for your fingers.

Camper (English to camp - to set up camp)- a player in a network shooter mode, holed up in hard-to-reach and hard-to-find places with a good overview of the map location. From this position, the player makes surprise attacks. Such players are very often perceived as professionals or cheaters, which they are called by inept and ignorant players who lose the match.

QC- 1) abbr. eng. ok, ok - ok, ok. An affirmative answer to the interlocutor's remarks, which excludes further discussion of the issue; 2) pair abbr. from English. kilo - thousand. That is a thousand thousand, a million.

Clan war, clan war, KV (eng. Clan War, CW - war of clans)- competition between two clans or alliances in a multiplayer game, which is often expressed in armed confrontation. Usually clan wars are held by prior arrangement or as part of a tournament held by the administration of the game project.

Console– 1) game console connected to the TV. Consoles are also called portable gaming devices that have their own display; 2) a command interpreter, through the line of which you can directly enter commands for execution by the system. In games, the console is most often used to enter special cheat codes or directly interact with the engine to make changes to the gameplay.

Controller, manipulator- an information input device with the help of which the player interacts with the virtual world. There are many types of controllers - keyboard and mouse (standard for PC users), gamepad (used by most consoles), motion sensors (for example, PS Move and Kinect), touch screen (common in mobile devices), etc. The variety of controllers is growing every year, providing players with easier and more intuitive ways to interact with games.

Check point, check point (English Check Point, CP - check point)- a special point (often not visually indicated in any way) on the map, set during the development of the game. When such a point is reached, an automatic save usually occurs, although sometimes check points are used for other purposes (for example, a mark on the successful passage of a section of the track in races). Usually, when a hero dies and there are checkpoints in the game, the game automatically loads at the moment the last checkpoint is passed. In some games where a full save of the gameplay is not provided, the checkpoint may be the place where the hero respawns.

Config (abbr. English configuration)– 1) personal user settings; 2) PC technical parameters.

Crack, pill, crack (English crack)- a special file or program that allows you to run an unlicensed version of the game. The use of such programs is illegal in most countries.

Ku (English Q)– 1) Short form of greeting online; 2) abbr. English quest - quest.

Cooldown (English cooldown - cooling)- the cooldown time of an ability, item or spell. There are also cooldowns for game events.

Lag (English lag - delay, delay)- a delay in the work of the game, manifested in the form of a temporary freeze of the game process. Often, lags occur either due to insufficient computer performance, or due to communication problems with the server. Constant lags in online games can be associated with a low data exchange rate between the user's computer or the north, or the player's regional remoteness from the server, which increases the ping value.

Laker (from English luck - good luck)- A player who achieves success purely due to a random set of circumstances.

Lamer (English lame - lame)- novice user. Unlike noobs, lamers tend to claim to be a good player/user.

Level Cap (English level cap)- the limit of character development, the maximum level.

Level, lvl (English level, lvl)- the level of pumping a character or account. Level is a numerical characteristic that increases with time spent in the game, or with increasing skill. Often, reaching the next level requires a certain amount of experience points (or a similar parameter), and most leveling systems are designed so that significantly more experience is required to reach each next level.

Liv, Liver (English leave - leave)– user leaves the server during the game. This care is usually voluntary. At the same time, they say about the player that he “rained”, and the player himself is called “Liver”. As a rule, users then become leavers when the game is not in their favor.

Lich (eng. leech - leech)- a player who enters into a partnership solely for his own benefit, while not helping the team. When such cooperation occurs by mutual consent (locomotive power leveling), the more courteous definition of "Wagon" is adopted.

Location- a part of the game world, territorially separated from its other parts.

Loot (English loot - to rob)- the general name for the items left after killing a mob or character that the hero can pick up. In addition, loot includes items found in chests and similar containers, as well as items just lying on the floor in any game location. In other words, loot is items that can be picked up, then used or sold/traded.

Leith, Leith (English late - late)- Late game. The term is used mainly in MOBA arenas, where the importance of the heroes either increases or decreases over the time of the game, thereby changing the parity of the parties in the late game.

Mana, MP (English Mana)- one of the characteristics of the character, often used in RPG projects with a fantasy setting. The mana pool determines how many spells a hero can cast, or how many times he can use special skills. Usually, mana is displayed as another bar next to the life bar.

Mount (English to mount - to sit on (in) a vehicle)- an object on which you can ride, increasing your movement speed. A car, a horse, a lizard, an ostrich, a flying head of the boss - mounts can be very diverse.

Machinima (eng. Machinima, from machine - machine and cinema - cinema)- a movie that is created on a game engine. In this case, game heroes, models, textures, locations and other resources are used. Machinima is often created by fans, so most of the resulting work is of a very mediocre level. Machinima is essentially a subspecies of cinema that takes inspiration from the gaming subculture.

Media franchise- intellectual property, which includes the characters, setting and trademark of the original media work. Franchises usually arise when a project appears in another form - for example, a game is made into a movie, or a game is created based on a television series.

Mob (English Mob, short for English mobile object, moving object)- a type of NPC, which is characterized by a certain property - to be destroyed by a player to gain experience, money or various items. To make the process more interesting, mobs often try to kill the player at this time. Sometimes mobs act as a complicating factor when completing quests - in this case, killing him may not bring anything to the player.

Mod, mod (English modification - modification)- modification of the game, making minor changes to the gameplay, or supplementing it. Most often, mods are made by users, although sometimes developers provide post-release support for their projects by releasing official mods. Often the creators of projects themselves release tools for modding, but sometimes there is also the creation of mods through hacking game resources.

MT (abbr. English main tank)- the main tank of the group.

Mule- a character on an MMO or other network game account, which is created solely for storing things.

Garbage, Trash- slang name for weak mobs, hells or loot.

Mutator- an analogue of a mod, but making only minor changes to the gameplay. Unlike large scale mods, which cannot always run in parallel, mutators can be used in large numbers at the same time. The order in which they are activated is very important. For example, if the "turn all weapons into sniper rifles" mutator is applied behind the "no sniper rifle" mutator, sniper rifles disappear and all other weapons turn into rifles. If you apply the mutators in reverse order, all weapons disappear.

Nerf (slang English nerf - weaken)- deterioration of any characteristics in the new version of the game. Reducing tank damage, boss health, or armor stats are all nerfs.

Nickname, nickname (English nickname - nickname)- a pseudonym that is used by users on the Internet and games. A nickname can reflect a real name, or it can denote an object, an animal, some kind of phenomenon, it can be written with various symbols and combine letters. Used as a name for game characters, or when creating accounts in various services.

Ninja- a player who, in the thick of the battle, collects loot, opens chests, picks up quest items, etc. Ninjas are also called those users who, when distributing loot to a team, claim all things, not even their own class.

NP, NP (abbr. English no problem)- an abbreviation of the replica, meaning "no problem."

NPC, NPC (eng. Non-Player Character, NPC)- a non-player character controlled by a special program - AI. Usually, the NPC can communicate with the hero and is one of the main features of the user's interaction with the virtual world. NPCs are often asked to perform some kind of task or provide a trade/exchange service.

Nubhunt (English noob hunt)- Hunt for noobs.

Noob (English newbie - beginner)- beginner, inexperienced player. Most often, noobs pretend to be an inept game, or asking stupid and simple questions. Sometimes the term "noob" is used to insult someone after the latter has made some kind of ridiculous mistake.

Nubyatnya, Nublend, Nubzon- the location of the characters is much weaker than the level of the player.

Nuke (English nuke - the use of nuclear weapons)– use of all combat abilities in a short period of time. Used when finishing off bosses, ganking or focusing to get rid of the enemy as soon as possible.

Area of effect (AoE, Area of Effect) A phenomenon in which the effect of a spell or ability spreads over an area. Whether the hero swings his sword, throws a grenade, pours ice on the lawn - these are all examples of AoE.

OBT (English Open Beta Testing, OBT)- open beta testing of the game. Any interested player can take part in this stage of testing without any restrictions.

Overbuff- a situation in which one buff is replaced by another.

Oldgeymer (English old gamer) is a gamer who prefers to play old games. Usually, old gamers use additional programs and emulators to run old games on modern PCs.

OOM (abbr. English out of mana)- the expression when the mana has dried up - "no mana." Relevant for healers in MMOs and MOBAs.

Offtopic (off topic - “off topic”)– a network message that goes beyond a predetermined topic of communication. For example, a message, comment or post that does not correspond to the topic of the news / topic within which the entry was left. In other words, in a topic or news about Battlefield, discussion of new pets in the Sims will be offtopic.

Dad Father is a very experienced player. Synonyms - GM or Goser.

Steam locomotive or Train (English train - train)- 1) a type of kite, in which several opponents are collected for their further elimination through AoE attacks; 2) the process of passing the game together by a team of low- and high-level characters, in which the latter kills all opponents, while the former (called the Wagon) gains experience.

Easter eggs, Easter eggs (English easter eggs)- secrets left by the game developers that do not fit into the overall concept of the game. Usually, to activate Easter eggs in games, you need to perform completely non-obvious actions. Easter eggs play the role of a kind of joke for attentive players or spectators.

Party (English party - detachment)- a group of players united by a common goal.

Patch, update (English patch - patch)- a file that updates the game. The update most often includes fixes for bugs found after the release of the game. In addition, the patch often contains minor balance and interface changes, and sometimes even new gameplay elements and additional content.

PvE (abbr. English player vs environment - a player against the environment)- game content based on the confrontation between users and virtual enemies.

PvP (abbr. English player vs player - player against player)- unlike PvE, such game content, on the contrary, is based on the opposition of players: guilds, factions or groups.

rechipovka- replacement of the chip in any device. As a result, the performance of the device can be improved, or the functionality can be expanded. In gaming, it usually refers to the chipping of consoles, after which it becomes possible to play pirated content, or use content designed for a different region.

Perk- the ability of the character, acquired as the hero develops. Usually perks are present in RPG projects and the player has the opportunity to choose the perk they want to receive when moving to a new level. Perks help to achieve the individuality of each hero, allowing you to upgrade the character to the style of passage used.

Permanent death- or death forever, an extremely popular feature in roguelike games and various RPGs. Its essence lies in the fact that after the death of the character, the game ends, and its passage must be started from the beginning.

Persian (English character)- game character. Gamers use this abbreviation regardless of the genre of the project.

Pet (English pet)- the player's animal that travels with him.

Pickup (English pickup - casual acquaintance)- in MMO games, gathering a group of strangers.

Ping– server response time to the sent command. Ping is very important in multiplayer games and characterizes the speed with which the information transmitted to the server affects the game world. Measured in milliseconds. The lower the value, the more enjoyable the gameplay will be. With too high ping values, it is almost impossible to enjoy the gameplay. Ping is affected by both the quality of the channel and its load, and the speed of the server with the current number of active players.

PC- 1) abbr. from Personal Computer; 2) abbr. English player killer - player killer. In an MMO, a member of an opposing faction who hunts down enemies who are significantly weaker than him.

Platformer- a game whose gameplay consists in the frequent need to move the hero or heroes from one platform to another. Often, unsuccessful jumps between platforms lead to a fall into the abyss and the immediate loss of the hero's life.

Power leveling – fast pumping character, in which this very pumping is the only goal. For power leveling, special game techniques are used, such as a locomotive or grind.

Prime is the best time to play. Some guilds in MMOs assign their own prime, and by joining them, the user is obliged to be present in the game at the specified time.

Prequel- a new part in a series of games that tells about the events preceding the previously released part. Thus, developers can talk in more detail about the virtual world and answer plot questions that players have after completing a previously released game in the series.

game console- a special device designed for video games. Typically, a game console does not have its own information output device and must be connected to a TV or a special monitor - it was from this need that the name “prefix” appeared. On modern game consoles, it is also possible to play a variety of media content, including the ability to access the Internet using a browser integrated into the software.

Pumping, pumping, leveling- the process of increasing the level or any skills of the character. For pumping, special methods are usually used, and sometimes special programs (bots). It is also possible in some game projects to upgrade an account for donations. The most legal and free method of leveling up an account in any game is by completing available quests and other activities that award experience.

Protagonist, protagonist- the main character of a computer or video game. Usually the main character, the protagonist, is opposed throughout the game by the main villain - the antagonist.

Profa- can be a synonym for a class in some MMO projects (warlock, paladin, sith, etc.), or the name of a specialization (herbalist, blacksmith, seamstress, etc.).

Firmware (English firmware - firmware, microprogram)- in the game sense, the firmware is the software of the console. Firmware updates are both official and pirated. The official update allows you to use new features, and without it, it is sometimes impossible to run newer games. If a game requires a newer firmware version, it will usually come with the game.
Using pirated firmware violates the license agreement, but allows you to run pirated versions of games and additional software on the game console that have not been certified by the console developers. Consoles that have ever had pirated firmware are not covered under warranty.

Game developer- a studio, a group of people or, less often, one person. The developer is engaged in the creation of computer and video games. The task of the developer is to create a virtual world of the game that exists according to established laws. After the release of the game, the developer has been releasing patches that fix bugs, as well as add-ons for some time.

Crayfish- in network communication, and in particular in the gaming environment, a person is clearly not a guest of this topic. Unlike noobs, crayfishing is very shameful, because crayfish do not consider themselves newcomers to the field, trying to get used to the gaming environment, often ineptly using its terminology and functionality.

Rush, rush (English rush - hurry)– fast passage of the mission, without any stops. In strategies, the rush technique is very common, when an attack on the enemy is carried out at the very beginning of the match by a group of cheap units available for construction almost immediately.

Reir (English rare - rare)- an extremely rare item dropped by enemies. Reir drops out, as a rule, from bosses.

Reconnect– restoration of connection with the server after its loss. Reconnecting to the server.

Remake (English remake - remake)- An updated version of the game, created on the basis of an older project. Usually a remake has more modern graphics, while the gameplay and story itself remains almost untouched.

Repop (abbr. English repopulation)- Recovery of already killed opponents. Ordinary monsters repopulate in a few minutes, bosses in many games do not respawn at all.

Res- 1) abbr. English resource - resource; 2) abbr. English resurrection - resurrection. Restoring a player from a state of death with the help of another player.

Respawn, respawn, rep (English respawn - rebirth)- the process of restoring a game character after death. Depending on the game settings, after respawning, the character recovers health, mana, ammo, etc. Also, in RPG projects, respawn in the form of a fine can take away part of the experience earned earlier or in-game currency. Usually respawn occurs at certain points on the cut, pre-designated by the location designer.

Rest (English rest - rest)- restore health and mana, requiring interruption of the gameplay.

Reyuz- reuse.

Roll (eng. roll - dice roll)- a well-known DnD system, in which in-game events occur according to the randomness of a die roll: what damage will be done, what loot will be received, etc.

Rotat, Rotation (English rotation - sequence)- a certain alternation when using skills or spells. The correctness of the use of one or another rotat is a very controversial issue, because. often characterizes only the user's playing style. But there are also quite obvious rotations, for example, using a water spell before burning, and not vice versa.

RPG, RPG (abbr. English Role-Playing Game)- a genre of computer games based on board games. Offers character leveling, skills, experience and quests, as well as other elements of classic board games.

Raid (English raid - raid, raid)- in an MMO, passing an instance by a group of players. A collection of several combined instances can also be called a raid.

Salo, Silens, Molchanka (English silence - silence)- A debuff that prevents the player or enemy from casting spells.

Summon (English summon - call)- the ability of a character to call a creature or other object to help himself or for company (pet). You can also summon live players by teleporting them to you from another location / zone / level. A character that can cast such spells is called a summoner.

Support (English support - support)– 1) legal or individual providing customer support; 2) a character whose role is to help in combat. Healers, buffers - these are the classic supports.

Set (English set - set)- a set of things that gives some effect. In the case of collecting all the items in the set, it overall effect tends to be stronger than the sum of the effects of all things individually.

Setting (from English setting - furnishings, premises, installation, frame)- a certain environment within which the action of a game or any other work of art takes place. Usually the setting describes the time and place of the action, the laws of the world, the creatures inhabiting it, etc.

Sequel (English sequel - continuation)- continuation of any project. A sequel means the continuation of the storyline, and the events new game develop immediately or after a certain time from the moment where the events of the previous game ended.

Simulator is a virtual imitator of real-life algorithms and processes. The simulator can act within the genre of computer and video games, for example, a car racing simulator, a pilot, a farmer or a policeman.

Single (English single - single)- a game without collective support, whether it's a solo raid in an MMO or a story campaign in offline games. Modern projects often provide both single player and multiplayer.

System requirements– hardware and software requirements for the normal functioning of the game. If the PC specifications are below the minimum required, the game may not start at all, or work incorrectly. System requirements are often divided into minimum and recommended. The former indicate the minimum required parameters to run the game, while the latter describe the parameters required to play at high quality settings.

Skill, ability, ability (English skill, ability)- the ability of the hero of the game to do something. Healing, collecting herbs, repairing plumbing - all these are abilities. These skills can be either passive or active. They can evolve with the hero or be constant in strength.

Screenshot, screen (English screenshot)- a screenshot from a game or some other application. Screenshots can be created both by external applications (for example, FRAPS), and in some cases by the tools of the game itself.

Slacker (English slacker - lazy)- a player who goes about his business during an important game event. Slackers can be MOBA users who shop at the base during an important battle, or MMO players who forge armor or brew medicines right during a castle siege.

Spawnkill (English spawnkill - killing the appeared)- killing a character that has just spawned at the spawn point. In most cases, such an action is not welcome in the gaming community, as the killer has a significant advantage due to better equipment and readiness to launch a surprise attack. Most modern projects have protection against such actions, making the spawning character invulnerable for a short period of time after respawning.

SS (abbr. English miss [mi ss] - lose)- no enemy hero in lane in DotA and other MOBA games.

Stack (English stack - pack) - several items of the same type in the inventory that take the place of one item. If this happens, it is customary to say that such an item is stackable. Buffs of the same type on the character can also stack, while having a cumulative effect.

Basic English (basic English) is already worth falling in love with, if only for the fact that it is enough to learn only 850 words to study it. Oddly enough, this amount is quite enough to communicate easily and naturally with a resident of any English-speaking country. Of course, if you need English for the profession of a translator or reading Wilkie Collins in the original, then welcome to the philological faculty or very serious courses. However, if your goal is simply to speak an international language, then welcome to this article!

For greater simplicity, 850 words are divided into main groups:

1) objects and phenomena (600 words, of which 400 are general, and 200 are designations of objects);

2) action or movement (100 words);

3) an expression of quality (150 words, of which 100 are common and 50 have an opposite meaning).

Particularly pleasing is the fact that out of 850 basic words, 514 have only one syllable! This is not a conservationalist or something worse. Already rubbing your hands in anticipation of the Basic dictionary? You are welcome.

1. OBJECTS AND PHENOMENA

If you act according to the “from simple to complex” method, then the minimum vocabulary can be learned from picture words. There are 200 of them. You can stick stickers all over the apartment (if the household does not go crazy by taking an apple with a piece of paper “apple” from the refrigerator). Or cut out pictures from books. Or download images on the Internet and print them with captions (by the way, you can scroll through them in queues or traffic jams). And here is a ready-made list with pictures on Wikipedia.

1.1. 200 picture words:

It is most convenient and fastest to divide these basic words into 6 groups according to their meaning: body parts, food, animals, transport, objects, etc. If you study at least 2 groups every day, then in three days you can master the basic vocabulary. The main thing is not to lose your knowledge and consolidate it in practice. For this, any acquaintance who agrees to become an evil examiner or pretends to be a dunno who is interested in everything is suitable.

U:
umbrella - umbrella

1.2. 400 common words:

To make it easier to learn this string, let's not reinvent the wheel. You can, of course, suffer and divide all the words into semantic groups, but there will be so many of them that some will contain only one or two terms. It's easier to learn alphabetically. For each letter - about a dozen words. If you bend over a piece of paper for 10 minutes at least three times a day, you can learn at least 3 letters a day. The maximum depends on your goals and desires.

page - page
pain - pain, hurt
paint - paint, draw, paint
paper - paper
part - part, separate, separate
paste - stick, paste
payment - payment
peace - peace
person - person
place - place, place, take place, place
plant - plant, plant, plant, sow

play - play
pleasure - pleasure
point - point, point, indicate
poison - poison, poison
polish - to polish
porter - doorman, porter
position - place, position
powder - powder
power - strength, power
price - price
print - print

process - process, process
produce - product, produce
profit - profit, make a profit
property - properties
prose - prose
protest - object, protest
pull - tension, pull
punishment - punishment
purpose - intend, goal
push - push, push

quality - quality, quality

question - question

salt - salt, salt
sand - sand
scale - measure, scale
science - science
sea - sea
seat - seat, seat, place
secretary - secretary
selection - selection
self - himself
sense - feeling, meaning, meaning, feel
servant - servant
sex - sex, gender
shade - shade, shadow, hatch
shake - shake, shake, tremble, shake
shame - shame, shame
shock - shock, shake
side - side, adjoin
sign - sign, sign, sign
silk - silk
silver - silver

sister - sister
size - size
sky - sky
sleep - sleep
slip - slip, blank, slip, slide
slope - slope, slope
smash - hit, break
smell - smell, smell
smile - smile, smile
smoke - smoke, smoke
sneeze - sneeze, to sneeze
snow - snow
soap - soap, soap
society - society
son - son
song - song
sort - view, sort
sound - sound
soup - soup
space - space, space

stage - stage, stage, organize
start - start
statement - statement
steam - steam, bathe, move
steel - steel
step - step, step
stitch - stitch, stitch
stone - stone
stop - stop, stop
story - history
stretch - segments, stretch, stretch
structure - structure
substance - substance, essence
sugar - sugar
suggestion - suggestion, suggestion
summer - summer
support - support, support
surprise - surprise
swim - swimming, swim
system - system

Y:
year - year

2. ACTION AND MOVEMENT (100 words)

This list miraculously included words that, it would seem, do not fit the concept of “action” at all: pronouns, polite phrases. Well, what did you want? Try asking someone to make a move without "please let him go northeast for the star".

You can learn alphabetically. And it can be divided into parts of speech: verbs, pronouns, prepositions, etc. Prepositions are easy to remember if you use a diagram. Draw a square on a sheet of paper in the very center and indicate the movement with dots or arrows. For example, the preposition in is translated as "in" - put a dot in the square and sign it in. And, for example, out is translated as "from" - put an arrow from the square.

come - come, arrive
get - get, force
give - to give
go - walk, go
keep - continue, keep, leave, prevent
let - allow
make - do / do, force
put - put
seem - seem, appear
take - take / take
be - to be
do - to do
have - to have, to eat, to know
say - to speak
see - see
send - send
may - be able
will - to be wanting
about - about
across - through
after - after
against - against
among - among
at - in
before - before
between - between
by - to, in accordance with, for, on
down - down
from - from
in - in
off - away from
on - on
over - by
through - through

to - to, before, in
under - under
up - up
with - with
as - since, as
for - for
of - from, oh, from
till - until, until
than - than
a - any, one, each, some
the
all - everything, all
any - anyone, nobody
every - every
no - no, no
other - other
some - some, a little
such - such, thus
that - what
this - this, this
i - i
he - he
you - you, you
who - who
and - and
because - because
but - but
or - or
if - if
though - although
while - while
how - how
when - when
where - where, where, from where

why - why
again - again
ever - ever, never
far - farthest
forward - send, forward
here - here, here
near - near, about
now - now, now
out - outside, outside
still - still
then - then
there - there, there
together - together
well - well, much
almost - almost
enough - enough
even - still, even
little - small
much - a lot
not - not
only - only
quite - quite
so - so
very - very
tomorrow - tomorrow
yesterday - yesterday
north - north
south - south
east - east
west - west
please - please
yes - yes

3. EXPRESSION OF QUALITY (150 WORDS)

3.1. General (100 words)

This is probably the most enjoyable part of the vocabulary. Without adjectives, the language would be too bland and formal. You can learn alphabetically. Or you can find images of objects or photographs of people and write what you think about them on the back. Feel free to express yourself. The more adjectives you use from the list, the faster you will learn.

important - important

3.2. Opposites (50 words)

The easiest way to learn words quickly is to find antonyms. Have you already said everything about the different people in the photographs? Change your gaze and use adjectives that are opposite in meaning. Or simply write down first the designation of quality from paragraph 3.1., And through a hyphen - the opposite in meaning from paragraph 3.2.

That's all. Congratulations! You have a basic vocabulary. And it will be quite enough for communication. It remains only to learn how to put these most necessary words into sentences. Welcome to Grammar!

their reading in Russian letters - 22 interpretations of the difference

it (it) is a calm word. this (zis) is an emphatic word, just that. It is a pen. - this is a PEN, this is a pen - THIS is a pen.
something (samsin) - something, in a statement. anything (enisin) - anything, in question and negation. Do you have ANYthing? I do not have ANYthing.
all (ol) - all or all, if decryption goes on. everything (eurysin) - everything, without decryption. I will buy ALL that we need. I will buy EVERYTHING. exceptions: All right, That's all.

what(wat)- what, What will you drink?
what + noun - what, What wine will you drink?
who (hu) - who
where (uea) - where, Where do you live?
where + verb of movement - where, Where will you go?
why (why) - why
when (wen) - when
how (how) - how
how many + what can be counted in pieces - how much
how much + what is considered in kg, l, packs, pieces - how much

yes (yes) - yes. not (notes) - not. no (know) - no, if it is at the very beginning. no (know) - none if it comes before a noun or gerund. Do you have any time? NO, I do NOT have any time. I have NO time.
I have NOthing, NO time, NO smoking - this is a sharper and more categorical option than not ... anything, not ... any time.

about the importance of this list. nature has given us priority needs. if we learn the words in the proper order, they will be remembered easily and naturally. if we learn the description of our clothes and apartment or the names of fruits and vegetables before we learn how to navigate the terrain and negotiate with other people, then a month or two later, almost nothing will remain of the learned words.

to(that) – to, in(where) I will go to Kiev.
in (in) - in (where) I live in Kiev.
from (from) - from
of (of) - conveys the gender. case, someone
on (he) - on
with (wiz) - with
without (without) - without
before (bifo) - before
after (after) - after
between (bituine) - between
near (nie) - near
for (fo) - for

* 32 most important prepositions of place and time

please (pliz) — please
sorry (sorry) - sorry
you are welcome (yu and welcome) - please, nothing
hello (hallow) - hello.
hi (high) - hello
goodbye (goodbye) - goodbye, bye
see you (si yu) - see you
and (end) - and
but (bat) - but
or (o) - or
because (bicosis) - because
if (if) - if
that (zet) - what

I (ah) — I am
you (yu) - you; you; You
he (hee) - he
she (shi) - she;
it (it) - it
we (wee) - we
they (zay) - they
my (May) - mine
your (yo) - yours, yours
his (hiz) - his
her (hyo) - her
our (aue) - our
their (zee) - their

his (their) + noun = his (their), I love his son.
him (them) - without a noun = him (them). I love him. I've loved him for a long time. I love him passionately.

do (du) — make Usual things
make (make) - to make, to manufacture, to invent
be (bi) - to be, to be
have (have) - to have
will (vil) - I will, will
live (Liv) - to live
come (kam) - come, arrive
go (go) - go, go, leave

* leave - go - arrive - come - get. difference

can (ken) — be able to physically
may (mei) - be able, have permission
be able (bee uybl) - be able, be capable of complex
must (mast) - to be due
should (shud) - to be due several times weaker.
I must do it. - 100%, I should do it. I owe 20%
can - be able to 100%, could - be able to 20%
may - be able to 100%, might (might) - could be 20%

show (show) — show
see (si) - to see
look (bow) - look
ask (ask) - ask
hear (hie) - to hear
question (question) - question
answer (anser) - answer, answer
explain (ixplane) - explain
meet (mit) - meet, get acquainted
give (giv) - to give
take (take) - take, pick up, take away

call (count) - call by phone, call
send (sand) - send
get (get) - get, get
invite (invite) - invite
stand (stand) - stand
work (work) - work
say (say) - say something
tell (tel) - tell someone something
speak (speak) - talk, speak
talk (current) - speak, more colloquial word

if after “speak” immediately goes About something or With someone, choose speak or talk.
otherwise tell or say. I spoke / spoke with him / about work. I told him that I could do it. I said that I could do it.

* look - see - watch, listen - hear, speak - talk - tell - say. difference

here (hie) – here; here
there (zee) - there; there
now (now) - now, now
already (already) - already
still (style) - still, in the statement
yet (yet) - yet (not), in denial
I am STILL at home. I am NOT at home YET.
such (sach) - such
so (so) - so
every (evry) - each
very (vary) - very
many (meni) - many + plural word
much (mach) - many + word in singular
few (phew) - few + plural word
little (little) - little + word in singular

few - a few and not enough, few. And few - a few and enough.
little - a little and not enough, little. And little is a little and enough.
SOME - a few, a little. it is more than A few or A little, always enough.

name (name) — name
address (address) - address
phone number (fonn number) - phone number
age (age) - age
married (merrid) - married, married
letter (latter) - letter
email (email) - email
people (people) - people
man (men) - man
woman (women) - a woman
child (child) - child
boy (battle) - boy
girl (girl) - girl
friend (friend) - friend

job (Job) — paid job
work (werk) - work as employment
teacher (ticher) - teacher
driver (driver) - driver
worker (worker) - worker
engineer (enginier) - engineer
doctor (doctor) - doctor
nurse (ners) - nurse
shop assistant (shop assistant) - seller
accountant (accountant) - accountant
student (student) - student
pupil (puple) - schoolboy

* 150 job responsibilities of an office worker. En-Ru

family (family) — family
parents (peerants) - parents
father (phaser) - father
mother (maser) - mother
husband (husband) - husband
wife (wife) - wife
son (san) - son
daughter (doter) - daughter
brother (brother) - brother
sister (sister) - sister
grandfather (grandfather) - grandfather
grandmother (grandmaser) - grandmother
uncle (uncle) - uncle
aunt (ant) - aunt

eat (it) — eat, eat
drink (drink) - drink
cook (cook) - cook; Cook
sell (sal) - to sell
buy (buy) - buy
price (prize) - price
money (mani) - money

find (find) - find
fall (foul) - fall
read (read) - read
play (play) - play
think (sync) - think
want (want) - want
know (know) - to know
feel (phil) - feel
be sure (bi shuer) - to be sure
get (get) - become, receive, get

* GET verb logic explaining its 50+ meanings

time (half) – time
year (yer) - year
week (week) - week
hour (auer) - hour
minute (minute) - minute
yesterday (yestedey) - yesterday
today (today) - today
tomorrow (tomorrow) - tomorrow
holiday (holiday) - holiday
morning (morning) - morning
day (day) - day night (night) - night

Monday (monday) — Monday
Tuesday (tuzday) - Tuesday
Wednesday (Wenzday) - Wednesday
Thursday (day) - Thursday
Friday (Friday) - Friday
Saturday (saterday) - Saturday
Sunday (Sunday) - Sunday

month (mans) — month
January (January) - January
February (February) - February
March (march) - March
April (April) - April
May (May) - May
June (june) - June
July (July) - July
August (august) - August
September (September) - September
October (october) - October
November (nowvember) - November
December (disember) - December

sleep (slip) — sleep
wake (wake) - wake up
wash (wash) - wash, wash
try (try) - try, try
find (find) - find
bring (bring) - bring, bring
smile (smile) - smile
cost (cost) - cost
learn (lern) - learn
teach (tich) - to teach
write (right) - write
change (change) - (of) change
close (close) - close
open (open) - open
dance (dance) - dance
collect (collection) - collect
love (love) - to love
draw (draw) - draw
choose (chuz) - choose

thing (sing) — thing
pen (pen) - pen
book (beech) - book
telephone (telifone) - telephone
TV-set (tiviset) - TV
bag (bag) - bag
map (map) - map
card (card) - postcard
camera (kemere) - camera, camera
picture (piccher) - picture
paper (paper) - paper
newspaper (newspaper) - newspaper

city (City) — big city
town (town) - a small town
flat (flat) - apartment
café (kefei) - cafe
food (food) - food
school (school) - school
square (skvear) - area
house (house) - house
river (river) - river
hotel (hotel) - hotel
park (park) - park
bank (bank) - bank
cinema (sineme) - cinema
hospital (hospital) - hospital
market (markit) - market
police (polis) - police
station (station) - station, station
center (centre) - center
shop (shop) - shop
surprise (seprayz) - surprise
problem (problems) - problem

street (straight) — the street; road
stop (stop) - stop
crossing (crossing) - crossroads
place (place) - place
car (car) - car
tram (tram) - tram
bus (bass) - bus
train (train) - train
plane (plane) - plane
ticket (ticket) - ticket

season (life) — season, season
spring (spring) - spring
summer (summer) - summer
autumn (autum) - autumn
winter (winter) - winter

in winter, summer) - in (the) winter, in (the) summer.
seasons can be with the article - more often among Americans and without - more often among the British. both options are correct.

weather (weather) — weather
rain (rain) - rain
wind (wind) - wind
snow (snow) - snow
sky (sky) - the sky
sun (san) - the sun

color (kale) — color
black (black) - black
blue (blue) - blue; blue
brown (brown) - brown
green (green) - green
gray (gray) - gray
red (red) - red
white (white) - white
yellow (yellow) - yellow

quality (quality) — quality, property
old (old) - old
young (young) - young
new (new) - new
big (big) - big
small (tar) - small
hungry (hangri) - hungry
full (full) - full; full
good (good) - good
bad (bad) - bad
early (yoli) - early
late (late) - late
last (last) - last, past
next (next) - next
free (free) - free; free
hot (hot) - hot; hot
warm (warm) - warm
cold (cold) - cold
high (high) - high
tall (thol) - tall (about height)
short (short) - short; short
long (long) - long; long
heavy (heavy) - heavy
light (light) - light; light
dark (dark) - dark
expensive (expansive) - expensive
cheap (chip) - cheap
left (left) - left
right (right) - on the right; right
fast (fast) - fast
slow (slow) - slow
soft (soft) - soft
hard (hard) - hard
beautiful (beautiful) - beautiful
handsome (hansam) - beautiful
careful (keeful) - attentive
sad (sad) - sad
glad (glad) - joyful
happy (happy) - happy
ready (ready) - ready
angry (engry) - angry
main (main) - main, main

number (numberbear) — number, number
figure (fige) - figure
one (one) - one
two (that) - two
three (sri) - three
four (fo) - four
five (five) - five
six (six) - six
seven (seven) - seven
eight (eith) - eight
nine (nine) - nine
ten (ten) - ten
eleven (ilevn) - eleven
twelve (tuelv) - twelve
thirteen (shochin) - thirteen
fourteen (fotin) - fourteen
fifteen (fiftin) - fifteen
sixteen (sistine) - sixteen
seventeen (sevntin) - seventeen
eighteen (eitin) - eighteen
nineteen (nineteen) - nineteen
twenty (tuenti) - twenty
thirty (seti) - thirty
forty (foti) - forty
fifty (fifty) - fifty
sixty (sixty) - sixty
seventy (seventy) - seventy
eighty (aty) - eighty
ninety (ninety) - ninety
hundred (handred) - one hundred
thousand (southend) - thousand

* English dates are not pronounced the way they are spelled

== say [sai] - say - said - said [sed]
pay [pay] - pay - paid - paid [pay]
lay [lay] - lay - laid - laid [layd]

Drink [drink] - drink - drank [drank] - drunk [drink]
swim [suim] - swim - swam [suem] - swum [suam]
sing [sing] - sing - sang [sang] - sung [sang]
begin [bigin] - begin - began [bigen] - begun [bigan]
ring [ring] - call, ring - rang [rang] - rung [rank]

Fly [fly] - fly; fly - flew [flu:] - flown [floun]
know [know] - know - knew [nu:] - known [noun]
draw [draw:] - draw - drew [dr:] - drawn [draw: n]
throw [srow] - throw - threw [cru:] - thrown [srow]
grow [grow] - grow, grow - grew [gr:] - grown [grown]

Speak [speak: to] - talk - spoke [spoke] - spoken [spoken]
choose [choo: z] - choose - chose [chose] - chosen [chouzen]
wake [wake] - wake up - woke [wake] - woken [woken]
break [break] - break - broke [brooke] - broken [broken]
show [show] - show - showed [show] - shown [show]

Cut [cat] - cut - cut - cut [cat]
put [put] - put, put, put - put - put [put]
cost [cost] - cost - cost - cost [cost]
let [years] - allow - let - let [years]
hit [hit] - hit - hit - hit [hit]
read [ri: d] - read - read - read [red]

Send [sand] - send - sent -sent [sent]
spend [span] - spend - spent -spent [spent]
lend [land] - lend - lent - lent [lent]
build [build] - build - built - built [bilt]

Feel [fi: l] - feel - felt - felt [felt]
meet [mi: t] - meet - met - met [met]
sleep [sli: p] - sleep - slept - slept [slept]
keep [ki: p] - store, keep - kept - kept [capt]
leave [whether: in] - leave; leave; leave - left - left [left]

Buy [buy] - buy - bought - bought [bo: t]
bring [bring] - bring, bring -brought - brought [bro: t]
teach [ti: h] - teach, teach - taught - taught [that: t]
think [sink] - think - thought - thought [with: t]
fight [fight] - fight, fight - fought - fought [fo: t]
catch [cache] - catch - caught - caught [ko: t]

* 3rd column of the table of irregular verbs - not a verb

* 200 comprehensive phrases for survival abroad. Ru-En: ordering tickets - check-in - on the plane - customs - luggage - information - transport - hotel - exit to the city - shopping - currency exchange - everyday phrases - feelings

for those who don't know yet, master the transcription icons. as you master the reading of words, remove the Russian-language spelling. because the brain always takes the easy way. and will begin to memorize Russian-language voicing, and not non-English spelling. 15 years ago, the system of transcription icons became a little more complicated and accurate, in old books and their reprints - a little differently ..
as you master reading these words, delete the Russian-language spelling - because your brain will try to take the easy way and visually remember not the English spelling, but the Russian-language voicing.

learn important words along with their semantic connections. in a column - you won’t remember more than a couple of hundred words. they rule - speech patterns, because it is with them that we speak, and not with words. in any language, specific words are combined with a couple of dozen other words - clear day, clear answer- and almost nothing to do with thousands of others - clear soup, clear ruble, clear pie.

* Three reasons why more than a couple of hundred English words are not remembered - the essence of this post is brief: if the brain does not see the practical application of information, it will not keep it in memory. If you you can't make sentences clearly, then " easy come, easy go". I offer a series of video tutorials on my YouTube channel * 1way to ENGLISH , in particular:

and the more rules of the English language we know, the easier it is to remember the 500 most important and necessary English words. rules need to be known not theoretically, but so that they worked immediately, without hesitation. this is what * teaches or leaf through its pages:

There are over a million words in the English language. Nevertheless, insurmountable difficulties often arise when trying to translate into this richest language some words, the meaning of which is quite obvious to a Russian person. Especially when these words are related to the phenomenon of the “mysterious Russian soul”.

1. Vulgarity / Poshlost

Russian-American writer Vladimir Nabokov, while teaching Slavic studies to American students, admitted that he could not translate this word, which is easily understood by every Russian.

Nabokov tried to convey to the audience the essence of this concept with examples:

“Open any magazine and you will surely see something like this: the family has just bought a radio (car, refrigerator, silverware - it doesn’t matter), and the mother is clapping her hands, overjoyed, the children have gathered around her with their mouths open, a baby and a dog are drawn to the table, on which a brand new idol is set up for worship ... and a little aside, the father, the breadwinner of the family, proudly stands. The “vulgarity” of such a scene does not even lie in a false exaggeration of the value of silverware, but in the very assumption that one can buy such stormy joy and that such a purchase ennobles the buyer.

And Harvard University professor Svetlana Boym added later:

"This word simultaneously means triviality, vulgarity, sexual promiscuity and soullessness."

2. Tearing / Nadryv

The German Wikipedia has a whole dedicated to the word "tear". This concept has become firmly established in everyday life thanks to the novels of Dostoevsky and is one of the most capacious, expressive, rooted in Russian culture and therefore difficult to translate. In the word “anguish”, in addition to the idea of straining all forces, there is also a kind of masochistic narcissism, and hysterical confession, as well as an uncontrollable emotional outburst when a person releases intimate, deeply hidden feelings.

Moreover, Dostoevsky's anguish implies a situation in which the hero cherishes the hope of finding in his soul something that does not exist at all. The fourth book of the second part of the novel "The Brothers Karamazov" is called: "Tears".

3. Rudeness / Khamstvo

This phenomenon was well described by the Soviet writer Sergei Dovlatov, who argued that "rudeness is nothing but rudeness, arrogance and arrogance, multiplied by impunity."

It is impossible to fight rudeness, you can only put up with it, the writer believed, adding that rudeness simply simply kills everything human in a person ..

“I lived in crazy, beautiful, terrifying New York for ten years and most of all I was surprised by the lack of rudeness. Anything can happen to you here, but you will not meet rudeness. You may even be robbed, but the door will not be slammed in your face.