The zero level can be compared with the waterline of a ship, only it is in full view of everyone and everyone understands why it is needed. From the name it seems to be clear why, but where and how it appears is not clear.
The main task in preparing for leveling the floor with a dry or concrete screed is to reach the zero level over the entire area of the apartment. The floor, in the end, should be one parallel to the horizon, a perfectly flat surface.
What is the zero level in the apartment? How to conduct a zero level
Put a mark at the highest point of the relief in the apartment.
We duplicate this mark strictly horizontally on all other walls in all rooms in the apartment. To do this, it is best to use special tools - building levels.
Then you need to connect all the points, and then you get a zero level, and you need to level on it when performing a floor screed.
The choice of mark: from 10 to 100 mm is added to the highest point, how much is added depends on the type of screed used. From 30 to 50 mm is added with a dry screed, and there are restrictions, the minimum thickness is 30 mm, the maximum is 50 mm, if several layers of a prefabricated base are used, then 70 mm. For wet screed the additional length can vary from 10 to 100 mm - it all depends on the specific conditions.
Moreover, there are different technologies of screeds: it is possible, on top of a layer of large expanded clay, to apply concrete screed, you can lay plywood on a concrete base. Different ways are good in different ways.
How to coordinate rooms by level.
When the apartment has the same floor covering, then the screed is made under the same level. But often, for example, laminate flooring is laid in the room, tiles in the corridor and bathroom, because of this, it is necessary to coordinate the premises in terms of level before laying the final floor covering.
It's simple: to determine the height of the screed in each room, you need to count all the layers of the future floor covering and subtract them from the final level. Although everything is simple, but if this is not done at the preliminary stages of apartment renovation, then the floor with steps is provided to you.
Zero level markup methods
1.1. water level.
The most affordable and easiest way is to beat off the zero point of the room with a water level - a spirit level. Two glass tubes with water connected by a long hose allow you to measure not only the levels in one room, but throughout the entire dwelling.
A plus:
Ease of use.
Small tool price.
Minuses:
One person is not enough to measure.
Accuracy depends on the condition of the tool: the hose must not be kinked, air must not enter, etc.
1.2. Auxiliary level method.
At an arbitrary height, we draw a horizontal line and measure the distance to the floor after a certain distance. The more marks, the higher the measurement accuracy.
Pros:
Versatility: can be applied to any horizontal and vertical surfaces.
One person is enough.
Minuses:
Lots of measurement samples to achieve an accurate result.
If there are erroneous measurements, then measurement errors accumulate.
1.3. Laser level
To be more precise, the measurements do not use a laser level, but a laser level. The method is based on the principles of the laser level, that is, the line outlined by the laser beam in space is the desired level.
Pros:
The most accurate measurements.
One person is enough to measure.
Minuses:
The high price of the tool.
The possibility of measurements depends on the conditions in the apartment, problems may arise with strong illumination or with a lot of dust in the room.
Bottom line: all methods are good if you apply them when necessary. The result will be at a high level, especially if you arm yourself with a high-quality and serviceable tool. We do home repairs for ourselves, so the result, as a rule, is at a good level.
P.S. And for dessert, I suggest watching a video clip: Comparison of laser levels
Answer from OLGA KHALIMOVA[guru]
As you know, any ship has a waterline, which is clearly visible to everyone and its meaning is clear to everyone. There is something similar in every apartment - this is the zero level. Although the meaning of the zero level follows from the name, it is not visible and it is not clear how and where it comes from.
When preparing the base of the floor with a concrete or dry screed, the main goal is to reach the zero level over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment. Make the floor surface in the entire apartment at such an equal level that the finishing floor coverings are one flat surface parallel to the horizon line.
How to conduct a zero level
The zero level is carried out on the basis of two conditions:
the highest point in the relief is determined over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment
special tools are used - building levels
3-5 cm is added to the highest point of the floor relief and a zero level is drawn. The run-up of an additional segment of 3-5 cm depends on the type of screed used. For wet screeds, a run-up of 1 to 10 cm is possible - it all depends on the specific conditions. Screeds based on self-leveling mixtures give a thin layer of a few to tens of millimeters, and traditional concrete screeds start from 5 cm and thicker. There is a limitation for dry screed:
minimum thickness - 3 cm
maximum thickness - 5 cm when using one layer of dry backfill and one precast base, and 7 cm when using several layers of prefabricated base.
Variations of floor screed technologies are also possible. There are technologies where a concrete screed is applied over a layer of large expanded clay, and there is a well-known method of laying plywood on a concrete base - each method is good in individual performance.
How to coordinate rooms by level
It's great if everything is simple in the apartment - linoleum or laminate is everywhere. So the screed is made under one level. And if, say, there are tiles in the corridor and the bathroom, and parquet in the rooms? You will have to coordinate the premises in terms of level before laying the finish flooring.
The idea is simple: count all the layers of the future flooring, subtract them from the finish level and determine the height of the screed in each room. The truth is completely transparent, but it’s worth talking about it, since it is necessary to coordinate the premises according to the level at the very preliminary stages of repairing an apartment with your own hands. If this is not done, then you will have to use the well-known Russian ingenuity or put up with the resulting mini podium and the inscription "carefully step" :)
Zero level markup methods
Measuring with a water level
The most logical and familiar way is to measure the premises with a water level - a spirit level. Two communicating vessels filled with water and connected by a long hose allow you to measure not only the levels in one room, but throughout the entire apartment.
Advantages
The simplicity of the measurement method
Inexpensive measurement tool
Flaws
It takes two people to measure
Measurement accuracy depends on the condition of the liquid, in the event of air entering the liquid or kinking of the hoses, significant measurement errors appear
Auxiliary level method.
In a convenient place, at an arbitrary distance from the floor, a horizontal line is drawn and the heights to the floor are measured after a certain distance. The number of marks increases the measurement accuracy. This method has already been described by us earlier.
Advantages
Versatility of the method: suitable for working with horizontal and vertical lines, and even for measuring inclined surfaces
No assistant needed
Flaws
A large number of measurements
Limited measurement accuracy, increased accuracy is achieved by a large number of measurements. In the case of the appearance of erroneous measurements, the measurement error accumulates.
With a laser level
Strictly speaking, not a laser level is involved in the measurements, but a laser level. We'll talk more about this method here. The essence of the method follows from the principle of operation of a laser level: a line outlined in space is the desired level.
The zero level can be compared with the waterline of a ship, only it is in full view of everyone and everyone understands why it is needed. From the name it seems to be clear why, but where and how it appears is not clear.
The main task in preparing for leveling the floor with a dry or concrete screed is to reach the zero level over the entire area of the apartment. The floor, in the end, should be one parallel to the horizon, a perfectly flat surface.
What is zero level in construction
- Put a mark at the highest point of the relief in the apartment.
- We duplicate this mark strictly horizontally on all other walls in all rooms in the apartment. To do this, it is best to use special tools - building levels.
- Then you need to connect all the points, and then you get a zero level, and you need to level on it when performing a floor screed.
The choice of mark: from 10 to 100 mm is added to the highest point, how much is added depends on the type of screed used. From 30 to 50 mm is added with a dry screed, and there are restrictions, the minimum thickness is 30 mm, the maximum is 50 mm, if several layers of a prefabricated base are used, then 70 mm. For a wet screed, the additional length can vary from 10 to 100 mm - it all depends on the specific conditions.
Moreover, there are different technologies for leveling the subfloor in an apartment: it is possible, on top of a layer of large expanded clay, to apply a dry floor screed with expanded clay, you can lay plywood on a concrete base. Different ways are good in different ways.
How to coordinate rooms by level
When the apartment has the same floor covering, then the floor screed is made under one level. But often, for example, laminate flooring is laid in the room, tiles in the corridor and bathroom, because of this, it is necessary to coordinate the rooms in terms of level before laying the final floor covering.
It's simple: to determine the height of the screed in each room, you need to count all the layers of the future flooring and subtract them from the final level. Although everything is simple, but if this is not done at the preliminary stages of apartment renovation, then the floor with steps is provided to you.
Zero level markup methods
water level
The most affordable and easiest way is to beat off the zero point of the room with a water level - a spirit level. Two glass tubes with water connected by a long hose allow you to measure not only the levels in one room, but throughout the entire dwelling.
- Ease of use.
- Small tool price.
- One person is not enough to measure.
- Accuracy depends on the condition of the tool: the hose must not be kinked, air must not enter, etc.
Auxiliary level method
At an arbitrary height, we draw a horizontal line and measure the distance to the floor after a certain distance. The more marks, the higher the measurement accuracy.
- Versatility: can be applied to any horizontal and vertical surfaces.
- One person is enough.
- Lots of measurement samples to achieve an accurate result.
- If there are erroneous measurements, then measurement errors accumulate.
To be more precise, the measurements do not use a laser level, but a laser level. The method is based on the principles of the laser level, that is, the line outlined by the laser beam in space is the desired level.
- The most accurate measurements.
- One person is enough to measure.
- The high price of the tool.
- The possibility of measurements depends on the conditions in the apartment, problems may arise with strong illumination or with a lot of dust in the room.
Bottom line: all methods are good if you apply them when necessary. The result will be at a high level, especially if you arm yourself with a high-quality and serviceable tool. We do home repairs for ourselves, so the result, as a rule, is at a good level.
P.S. And for dessert, I suggest watching a video clip: Comparison of laser levels
The zero level can be compared with the waterline of a ship, only it is in full view of everyone and everyone understands why it is needed. From the name it seems to be clear why, but where and how it appears is not clear. The main task in preparing for leveling the floor with a dry or concrete screed is to reach the zero level over the entire area of the apartment. The floor, in the end, should be one parallel to the horizon, a perfectly flat surface.
What is the zero level in the apartment? How to conduct a zero level
- Put a mark at the highest point of the relief in the apartment.
- We duplicate this mark strictly horizontally on all other walls in all rooms in the apartment. To do this, it is best to use special tools - building levels.
- Then you need to connect all the points, and then you get a zero level, and you need to level on it when performing a floor screed.
The choice of mark: from 10 to 100 mm is added to the highest point, how much is added depends on the type of screed used. From 30 to 50 mm is added with a dry screed, and there are restrictions, the minimum thickness is 30 mm, the maximum is 50 mm, if several layers of a prefabricated base are used, then 70 mm. For a wet screed, the additional length can vary from 10 to 100 mm - it all depends on the specific conditions.
Moreover, there are different technologies for screeds: you can use a concrete screed over a layer of large expanded clay, you can lay plywood on a concrete base. Different ways are good in different ways.
How to coordinate rooms by level.
When the apartment has the same floor covering, then the screed is made under the same level. But often, for example, laminate flooring is laid in the room, tiles in the corridor and bathroom, because of this, it is necessary to coordinate the premises in terms of level before laying the final floor covering.
It's simple: to determine the height of the screed in each room, you need to count all the layers of the future flooring and subtract them from the final level. Although everything is simple, but if this is not done at the preliminary stages of apartment renovation, then the floor with steps is provided to you.
Zero level markup methods
- water level.
The most affordable and easiest way is to beat off the zero point of the room with a water level - a spirit level. Two glass tubes with water connected by a long hose allow you to measure not only the levels in one room, but throughout the entire dwelling.
A plus:
Ease of use.
Small tool price.
Minuses:
One person is not enough to measure.
Accuracy depends on the condition of the tool: the hose must not be kinked, air must not enter, etc. - Auxiliary level method.
At an arbitrary height, we draw a horizontal line and measure the distance to the floor after a certain distance. The more marks, the higher the measurement accuracy.
Pros:
Versatility: can be applied to any horizontal and vertical surfaces.
One person is enough.
Minuses:
Lots of measurement samples to achieve an accurate result.
If there are erroneous measurements, then measurement errors accumulate. - Laser level
To be more precise, the measurements do not use a laser level, but a laser level. The method is based on the principles of the laser level, that is, the line outlined by the laser beam in space is the desired level.
Pros:
The most accurate measurements.
One person is enough to measure.
Minuses:
The high price of the tool.
The possibility of measurements depends on the conditions in the apartment, problems may arise with strong illumination or with a lot of dust in the room.
Bottom line: all methods are good if you apply them when necessary. The result will be at a high level, especially if you arm yourself with a high-quality and serviceable tool. We do home repairs for ourselves, so the result, as a rule, is at a good level.
Do you remember how many ATP molecules are synthesized in our cells with the complete oxygen breakdown of one glucose molecule? (If you are a biologist, do not answer, it will not be interesting.) If you don’t remember, then it’s probably not so scary, although this information applies to the basic level of the biology curriculum in the school, and if, for example, you have children who study in tenth grade and have positive grades in biology, they must learn this information one way or another. And in general, they know so many things: what year was the Battle of Poltava, and what is the molar mass of nitrogen, and what is the highest mountain in Africa - even C students, after all, at the very least, they learn all this. Especially if it's set for tomorrow. If this happened last year, then the chances, of course, decrease ...
I work with high school students in biology. Well, as it usually happens - a subject is chosen for passing the exam, it turns out that most of the necessary knowledge is either safely lost, or has never been learned, which means that you need to work out specially. Depending on the current performance at school, students (and their parents) usually evaluate their level in some way. Sometimes (not so rarely) you have to deal with the fact that the level is estimated as "zero". Such a rather self-critical assessment - well, the child never paid attention to this subject, somehow he earned his triples on “get rid of it”, and as a result, he practically did not take out any knowledge from studying the subject. Happenes. And then, it turns out, the exam must be passed. It means you have to do well. How much material do we have? A school biology course is actually four textbooks, each with two hundred pages. In the same place, there is probably a lot of unnecessary information - look, children, around you, wave right hand, wave your left hand ... There are manuals for applicants - there, in a compressed form, clearly and without any unnecessary distractions, the entire the necessary information. This is one book of pages, say, four hundred. It is necessary to learn everything that is written there - and the trick is in the bag. And tests, of course, to solve. And just in case with the teacher, otherwise the child itself is lazy. (Of course, a good option, often think that you can limit yourself to only tests - just learn the answers to all questions, why else have some textbooks?)
So, we have a zero level, but there are still a few months before the exam; the amount of material does not seem to be prohibitive; We don't need a super high score on the exam, so it's okay. Gotta take care of it.
Well, let's go. And then it suddenly becomes clear: in order to learn how the functions of DNA are carried out, one must first of all, at the very least, understand what molecules are in general and what a chemical bond is. To solve problems in genetics, you need to have the skill of calculating with percentages and some understanding of what probabilities are. Mastering the theme of the circulation of substances in the biosphere is impossible without basic ideas about the structure of our planet. To understand cellular energetics, it is necessary to have in mind at least a firmly mastered law of conservation of energy and a confident readiness to use it at the right time. Excuse me, these are all other subjects, we are weak with this, but we are not going to take them, we actually wanted biology ...
Further, as Alice said, everything is more wonderful. It turns out that although a separate subject "biology" appears (depending on the program) in grades 6-7, the student begins to acquire knowledge of biology earlier. For example, from the subject the world, in which generally important things are studied. And worse than that, a person normally begins to acquire knowledge of biology literally from birth. How many legs a dog has or what color leaves are on trees in summer - we do not know all these things from textbooks. So "zero level" is such a flirtatious figure of speech, behind which, in fact, there is nothing definite. A newborn baby has a zero level. And how far our eleventh grader has gone from him - this is his real level.
And here is the most wonderful thing. Have you seen demotivators on the Internet: some more or less abstruse formula and the postscript “I’m still waiting for when I need it”? Both students and parents very often not only do not understand, but also turn out to be completely unprepared for the idea that everything that a child has been taught at school for eleven years, generally speaking, may be needed and will affect how ready he is for learning. such as biology. No one, of course, doubts that it is necessary to be able to read. Or perform simple arithmetic. But, let's say, physics: what is it for, is it a completely different subject?
It is this, and not the lack of stuffing with some specific facts from the textbook, that usually creates the main obstacles in learning. It is the opportunity to “surrender and forget”, in order to then move on to cramming the following sections, that creates the opportunity for the student to demonstrate the illusion of moving forward, without having any sufficient basis for mastering new knowledge. The problem is that usually no one specifically checks basic knowledge, therefore, if you don’t “dig”, you may not find a reason to be horrified. There is no formal reason to ask this. Many of my colleagues work in various more or less elite schools with gifted, motivated children, and they do not completely believe me, but they think that I am greatly exaggerating. But I'm not exaggerating. My sample is students of ordinary Moscow schools who, one way or another, came up with the idea of taking biology as an elective subject. I testify that it is quite common for an eleventh grader to calculate 10% of ten (sic!) on a calculator, or operate with probabilities greater than one, or not understand that if a substance enters the system, then it must go somewhere, or states that we get energy from oxygen, or I’m sure that there is high pressure in the mountains, or that the spider feeds on cobwebs, that cones grow on oaks ... Honestly, I really heard all this. The list can go on, but it is not my task to compile a detailed list of the gems of my students, especially since it would be too extensive.
Jokes aside, I heard about cones on oak trees only once, but, say, hypotheses that clearly violate the law of conservation of energy do not bother almost anyone. And the ability to calculate in your mind, without compiling a proportion on a piece of paper, how much 20% of thirty will be, is more an exception than a rule.
Our school system allows a student to cheat at some point and “jump” to the next level without really mastering the previous one. From this point on, a vicious circle begins - further training will be for the most part just memorizing meaningless texts and memorizing magic formulas. I remember myself, when I was still at school, surprised that I could get a positive mark in a quarter simply by having a certain number of positive marks in a magazine. And it doesn't matter what they are for. I can get sick of some topic, skip it, and nothing will ever force me to learn it. And if I am not obliged to master it somehow, then why do I need it at all? If only "for show", then all the knowledge thus obtained will, of course, replenish the list of things that "I'm still waiting for when they come in handy."
Going in this way, one can more or less safely account for the current homework, but when it comes to the exam, it turns out that it’s impossible to remember everything and you need at least some systemic knowledge of the subject. This is where the “zero level” is declared in, say, biology. But the depth of the abyss that needs to be filled in order to honestly, with good reason to start studying the subject, is usually not realized. Yes, no one, in general, and does not come to mind to look into it. The knowledge that is required at the "current" level is checked. Moreover, knowledge and its simulation usually do not differ. And if it comes to someone's mind ... then he most likely will not do this, since, no matter how unpleasant it is to admit, this is not beneficial to anyone. Who would have the guts to do a massive 11th grade addition test and publish the results? And the results, I'm sure, would be depressing. However, it is no secret to anyone that, according to polls, about 30% of our citizens believe that the Sun revolves around the Earth (for those who did not know, I am telling this bitter truth). But these are adults, they studied at school for a long time, and there are no teachers who would be responsible for their grades in their diaries with their signature. And the students have these signatures. The teachers put them on.
Of course, we have very good schools. We have very good teachers. And, of course, there are schoolchildren whose results we can be proud of. They win international olympiads, participate in various educational projects, generally achieve great success. And that's great. However, our country is traditionally strong with results suitable for a conditional “exhibition of achievements”. But it is very difficult to assess the average level. Ratings? I have seen round honors students who are not able to answer the most elementary questions. Estimates can sometimes earn a bunch different ways, there may or may not be a real level behind them. And if they tell me “weak triple”, it usually means that real, meaningful education ended somewhere in the fourth or fifth grade. And the fall into the abyss began, which has no zero mark.
