History of Russia, the longest wars. The longest wars in history What is the longest war in the world

They say that the most terrible quarrels are quarrels between close people, relatives. Some of the most difficult and bloody wars are civil ones.

the site presents a selection of the most protracted conflicts between citizens of one state.

The beginning of the Civil War is considered the resettlement of the first groups of opponents of the barely established Bolshevik government to the south of Russia, where "white" detachments began to form from former officer ranks and volunteers who did not recognize the results of the Bolshevik revolution (or the Bolshevik coup). The anti-Bolshevik forces included, of course, a variety of people - from republicans to monarchists, from obsessed madmen to fighters for justice. They oppressed the Bolsheviks from all sides - from the south, and from the west, and from Arkhangelsk and, of course, from Siberia, where Admiral Kolchak settled, who became one of the brightest symbols of the white movement and white dictatorship. At the first stage, taking into account the support of foreign forces and even direct military intervention, the Whites had some success. The Bolshevik leaders even thought about evacuating to India, but were able to turn the tide of the struggle in their favor. The beginning of the 1920s was already the retreat and final flight of the Whites, the cruelest Bolshevik terror and the terrible crimes of anti-Bolshevik outcasts like von Ungern. The result of the Civil War was the flight from Russia of a significant part of the intellectual elite, capital. For many - with the hope of a speedy return, which in fact never took place. Those who managed to settle in emigration, with rare exceptions, remained abroad, giving their descendants a new homeland.

The result of the Civil War was the flight of the intellectual elite from Russia

A series of civil wars between Catholics and Protestants went on from 1562 to 1598. The Huguenots were supported by the Bourbons, the Catholics by Catherine de Medici and the Guise party. It began with an attack on the Huguenots in Champagne on March 1, 1562, organized by the Duke of Guise. In response, the Prince de Conde took the city of Orleans, which became a stronghold of the Huguenot movement. The Queen of Great Britain supported the Protestants, while the King of Spain and the Pope of Rome supported the Catholic forces. The first peace agreement was concluded after the death of the leaders of both warring groups, the Peace of Amboise was signed, then reinforced by the Edict of Saint-Germain, which guaranteed freedom of religion in certain districts. This conflict, however, did not solve it, but transferred it to the category of frozen ones. In the future, playing with the terms of this edict led to the resumption of active operations, and the poor state of the royal treasury to their attenuation. The Peace of Saint-Germain, signed in favor of the Huguenots, was replaced by a terrible massacre of Protestants in Paris and other French cities - Bartholomew's Night. The leader of the Huguenots, Henry of Navarre, suddenly became the king of France by converting to Catholicism (he is credited with the famous phrase "Paris is worth a mass"). It was this king, with a very extravagant reputation, who managed to unite the state and end the era of terrible religious wars.

A series of civil wars between Catholics and Protestants went on for 36 years

The confrontation between the Kuomintang troops and the communist forces stubbornly went on for almost 25 years - from 1927 to 1950. The beginning is the "Northern Campaign" of Chiang Kai-shek, a nationalist leader who was going to subjugate the northern territories controlled by the Beiyang militarists. This is a group based on the combat-ready units of the army of the Qing Empire, but it was a rather scattered force, quickly losing ground to the Kuomintang. A new round of civil confrontation arose because of the conflict between the Kuomintang and the communists. This struggle hardened as a result of the struggle for power, in April 1927, the "Shanghai massacre" took place, the suppression of communist uprisings in Shanghai. During an even more brutal war with Japan, internal strife subsided, but neither Chiang Kai-shek nor Mao Zedong forgot about the struggle, and after the end of World War II, the Civil War in China resumed. The nationalists were supported by the Americans, the communists, which is not surprising, by the USSR. By 1949, Chiang Kai-shek's front had actually collapsed, he himself made an official proposal for peace negotiations. The conditions put forward by the communists did not find a response, the fighting continued, and the Kuomintang army was divided. On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed, the communist troops gradually subjugated one region after another. One of the last to join was Tibet, the question of independence of which is periodically raised even today.

The confrontation between the troops of the Kuomintang and the communists went on for almost 25 years

The first and second wars in Sudan happened with a break of 11 years. Both broke out because of the conflict between the Christians of the south and the Muslims of the north. One part of the country in the past was controlled by Great Britain, the other - by Egypt. In 1956, Sudan gained independence, state institutions were located in the northern part, which created a serious imbalance of influence within the new state. The promises of a federal structure made by the Arabs in the government of Khartoum were not realized, the Christians of the south rebelled against the Muslims, and cruel punitive actions only kindled the fire of the Civil War. An endless succession of new governments was not able to cope with ethnic tensions and economic problems, the rebels of South Sudan captured the villages, but did not have sufficient forces for the normal control of their territories. As a result of the Addis Ababa Agreement of 1972, the south was recognized by the autonomy and the army of the country, which included both Muslims and Christians, in approximately equal proportions. The next round lasted from 1983 to 2005 and was much more brutal towards civilians. According to international organizations, about 2 million people became victims. In 2002, the process of preparing a peace agreement between representatives of the Sudan Liberation Army (South) and the Government of Sudan began. He assumed 6 years of autonomy and a subsequent referendum on the independence of South Sudan. On July 9, 2011, the sovereignty of South Sudan was proclaimed.

The first and second wars in Sudan happened 11 years apart

The beginning of the confrontation was a coup d'état, during which the country's president, Jacobo Arbens, was removed. The performance of the military, however, was quickly suppressed, but a significant part of them left the country, starting preparations for the partisan movement. It was she who was to play the main role in this long war. Maya Indians were among those who joined the rebels, this led to a severe reaction against Indian villages in general, they even talk about ethnic cleansing of the Maya. In 1980, there were already four fronts of the civil war, their line passed both in the west and east of the country, and in the north and south. The rebel groups soon took shape in the Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity, their struggle was supported by the Cubans, and the Guatemalan army fought mercilessly with them. In 1987, the presidents of other Central American states also tried to take part in resolving the conflict, through them a dialogue was carried out and the demands of the belligerents were presented. The Catholic Church, which contributed to the formation of the National Reconciliation Commission, also received serious influence in the negotiations. In 1996, the "Treaty on a firm and lasting peace" was concluded. According to some reports, the war claimed the lives of 200 thousand people, most of whom are Mayan Indians. About 150 thousand are missing.

Among those who joined the rebels in Guatemala were Maya Indians

The longest war?

The most difficult test of strength for France was the clash with England during the Hundred Years War (1337-1453).

Wars between the English and French kings were fought repeatedly, especially from the middle of the XII century. However, this conflict became extremely protracted and bloody. In addition, it was unfavorable primarily for the French, so that the very existence of their state - the largest and most powerful in Europe - was in question.

The causes of the war are numerous, moreover, they are of the same type. The basis, as elsewhere in Europe of the Middle Ages, was the land issue.

The English kings considered the West French lands, once the domain of their ancestors, to be their property. The French, on the contrary, believed that all continental territories were an integral part of their kingdom.

The bone of contention continued to be Aquitaine and Flanders - the most attractive regions for both sides. Flanders, with its booming handicraft industry and nascent cloth industry, depended on the import of English wool, which brought into the conflict the features of the relations of the future bourgeois era.

The immediate cause for the clash was a dynastic dispute - a very traditional medieval casus belli. At the end of the XIII-XIV centuries. threads of matrimonial ties stretched between the French and English royal houses. King Edward III of England was the son of the daughter of Philip the Handsome. In 1328, Philip VI, the first representative of the Valois dynasty, one of the side branches of the Capetian house, took the throne of France. Therefore, during the period of aggravation of the trade conflict in Flanders in 1336, the British made claims to the French throne.

The English king created a kind of coalition, enlisting the support of the large feudal lords of Geldern, Brabant and a number of German principalities and bishoprics. As a result, the north of France was surrounded by the allies of the British.

The French traditionally had close contacts with the irreconcilable enemy of England - the Scots. But, in fact, they were alone with their opponents. And although the allies of the British took little part in the hostilities, they were a constant threat. The main trouble for France was concealed in itself by the structure of the English army.

The forces of the two states were outwardly incomparable: the population of France was almost ten times greater than the number of the British, an equally striking advantage was noted in the economy and in finance. Except one. England, since the 12th century. actively using hired troops, made a bet on the units of archers. They were formed from among the peasants, being a terrible fighting force. Conducting shelling at extreme distances up to 300-350 m, the archer fired up to 10-12 arrows (not aimed) per minute. Each of them had enough energy to break through most of the armor of the time and disable - with a successful hit - a horse. Even a small unit of several hundred archers created such a dense fire that it inflicted heavy losses on the advancing orders of the knightly cavalry.

The knights in the English army formed a mobile army - because of their small numbers, they could not count on success in a direct collision (usually no more than 1-2 thousand knights and several times more archers acted on the continent).

The French continued to use the numerous and glorious chivalry as the main striking force - at the best of times up to 25-30 thousand people participated in campaigns. Fantastic disorganization remained its integral attribute, because everyone felt himself almost the main person of the battle - it was not easy to give orders and achieve obedience in battle. In addition, it turned out to be a problem to assemble such an army in general.

The existing mercenary troops also mainly consisted of knights (usually foreigners), differing little from the usual feudal militia in their discipline, but sometimes yielding to it in motivation. These circumstances several times during the course of the war, especially at its beginning, put France on the brink of complete collapse.

The first attempt to land on the continent, in Artois, was made by the British in 1339, but it was unsuccessful. After the naval battle at the Sluys (at the mouth of the Scheldt River, 1340), lost by the French, they were able to freely supply their army on the continent with reinforcements and everything necessary. Subsequently, the capture of the port of Calais by the British (1347) also contributed to this.

The term "Hundred Years War" itself appeared only in the works of historians of the New Age - contemporaries did not consider it one event, perceiving it as several major military campaigns (four periods of this war are distinguished).

In the first period, two major battles take place - the battles of Crecy (1346) and Poitiers (1356). In the course of them, the French suffered a complete defeat and suffered irreparable losses - primarily among the chivalry and the highest nobility of the kingdom. The Battle of Poitiers also brought a problem of a different kind - the French king John the Good (1350-1364) was taken prisoner. In order to buy it out, numerous new taxes had to be introduced in the country, which had an extremely difficult impact on the population. However, the king was never redeemed: he died in captivity.

The European plague epidemic (“black death”) that broke out in 1348 became a cruel test for both sides - England had a particularly hard time, where in many cities (for example, London) died from a third to a half of the inhabitants. In addition, the sharp decline in the standard of living in France caused massive peasant and urban uprisings. Robbery by the British and their own mercenaries, terrible inflation (within five years, John minted money 81 (!) Times, and their value fell tenfold) led to increased claims against the peasants by the feudal lords and the reverse process of the revival of rents in kind. As a result, a wave of discontent swept through the country, resulting in the Jacquerie uprising, which swept the entire north of the country, and riots in cities, including those led by Etienne Marcel in Paris. With tremendous difficulty and with the help of the British, the French feudal lords managed to eliminate internal unrest.

The peace concluded in Brétigny (1360) gave the French a respite in the war. They had to give up part of their lands occupied by the British, but they managed to make every possible use of the break in hostilities.

Charles V (1364-1380) managed to unite around himself both the feudal lords and the city leaders, who had learned a lot during the years of uprisings of peasants and townspeople. Having streamlined taxes and reduced them somewhat, the king carried out a serious military reform. Now mercenary troops began to play an even greater role, and the contingents of crossbow infantrymen increased. Great importance was attached to artillery, which was used mainly for the assault and destruction of castles. Charles also revived (with the help of Castilian allies) the French fleet.

In 1369, the war resumed, and the French army, under the leadership of the constable Bertrand du Guesclin, won a series of small but extremely important victories. The French fleet made several lightning operations on the English coast and partly regained its freedom of action at sea. As a result, all the territories occupied by the British were liberated - except for five port cities (Bordeaux, Bayonne, Calais, Cherbourg and Brest).

The war seemed to take a favorable course for the French, but, unfortunately for them, the brief reign of Charles V was followed by more than forty years of his mad son, Charles VI (1380-1422). Under him, his wife Isabella of Bavaria also ordered to know in the country. During these years, France was plunged into a bloody internal strife. Groupings of "Bourguignons" (supporters of the Duke of Burgundy) and "Armagnacs" (adherents of the Counts d'Armagnac and the Dukes of Orleans) split the country into two parts, challenging the supreme power.

As a result, the influence of the Dukes of Burgundy increased. They actually turned into independent sovereigns. The Burgundians annexed significant possessions in Northern France and the Netherlands to their lands and began to pursue an openly anti-French policy. This threat turned out to be even more terrible than the English invasion, without, however, replacing the latter.

If before the beginning of the XV century. Since the Anglo-French hostilities were limited, from the 1410s the English Lancasters went to active war, wanting to strengthen their shattered popularity in the country thanks to external victories. The Duke of Burgundy concludes an alliance with England.

A small expedition of the English royal army to France in 1415, unexpectedly even for the attackers themselves, ended in the complete defeat of the French knightly army at Agincourt. The Bourguignons then captured Paris and the British occupied northern France. The results of this period of the war were summed up by a peace treaty in Troyes in 1420. In accordance with its articles, after the death of Charles the Mad, whom the Bourguignons captured, the throne passed to the English king Henry V, who married the daughter of Charles. It was about the complete loss of French sovereignty.

In 1422 both kings died. The heir to the English crown was a newborn baby, and the French dauphin Charles, deprived of the throne by agreement, was recognized as the ruler only nominally, since Reims, where he was to be crowned, was under the control of the enemy. Uncertainty persisted until 1428, when the British laid siege to France's last hope, Orleans.

Then the star of Joan of Arc rose - according to the official and generally accepted version, a peasant girl who appeared before the Dauphin in Dijon and led the resistance to the British and Burgundians. True, from the very beginning there were persistent rumors about the noble origin of the new savior and, consequently, the staging carefully staged by the French.

In the period 1429-1430. Jeanne, leading the French army (including directly leading the troops), lifts the siege from Orleans and liberates Reims, thereby making the Dauphin's coronation possible. However, unsuccessful actions to take Paris a few months later ended with the capture of her by the Burgundians under the fortress of Compiègne. The king did nothing to ransom and save Joan, and she was soon handed over to the British for ransom. Those in May 1431 burned a girl in Rouen on charges of dealing with evil spirits and witchcraft.

However, Zhanna nevertheless made a turning point in the war. In the next two decades, the French were successful and the entire territory of France (with the exception of the port of Calais) was liberated. The Duke of Burgundy very quickly realized the strategic importance of the moment and broke with the British, returning to the submission of the French king.

Relying on the support of the population and the formation of a new type - in particular, detachments of "gendarmes" (royal horsemen who were in permanent service), Charles VII (1422-1461) managed to oust the British from the continent - first from Normandy, and then from Aquitaine . In October 1453, the garrison of the city of Bordeaux capitulated, which is considered the official end of the war. It ended without the formal signing of a peace treaty (this "omission" was corrected only in the 20th century) and lasted 116 years, of which hostilities were fought for about 55 years.

The result of the war was the return by France of all continental territories, except for the only port of Calais (which remained in the hands of the British until 1558), that is, the French won the territorial victory. The British lost even what they had before the war. Both countries were extremely exhausted by it. But since the overwhelming majority of the battles were fought on French territory, it underwent incredible devastation: many areas were depopulated, and life here was restored in full only by the end of the century.

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1337 - World's longest war

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The longest war of succession The dynastic dispute after the death of the last Capetian Charles IV the Handsome in 1328 caused a number of military conflicts between France and England, later called the Hundred Years' War and had a significant impact on the appearance

In the history of mankind, various wars occupy a huge place.
They redrawn maps, gave birth to empires, destroyed peoples and nations. The earth remembers wars that lasted more than a century. We recall the most protracted military conflicts in the history of mankind.

1. War without shots (335 years old)

The longest and most curious of the wars is the war between the Netherlands and the Scilly archipelago, which is part of Great Britain.

Due to the lack of a peace treaty, it formally went on for 335 years without firing a shot, which makes it one of the longest and most curious wars in history, and even the war with the least losses.

Peace was officially declared in 1986.

2. Punic War (118 years)

By the middle of the III century BC. the Romans almost completely subjugated Italy, swung at the entire Mediterranean and wanted Sicily first. But the mighty Carthage also claimed this rich island.

Their claims unleashed 3 wars that stretched (intermittently) from 264 to 146. BC. and got the name from the Latin name of the Phoenicians-Carthaginians (puns).

The first (264-241) - 23 years old (began just because of Sicily).
The second (218-201) - 17 years (after the capture of the Spanish city of Sagunta by Hannibal).
The last (149-146) - 3 years.
It was then that the famous phrase "Carthage must be destroyed!" was born. Pure warfare took 43 years. The conflict in total - 118 years.

Results: Besieged Carthage fell. Rome won.

3. Hundred Years War (116 years)

Went in 4 stages. With pauses for truces (the longest - 10 years) and the fight against the plague (1348) from 1337 to 1453.

Opponents: England and France.

Reasons: France wanted to oust England from the southwestern lands of Aquitaine and complete the unification of the country. England - to strengthen influence in the province of Guyenne and return those lost under John the Landless - Normandy, Maine, Anjou. Complication: Flanders - formally was under the auspices of the French crown, in fact it was free, but depended on English wool for cloth making.

Reason: the claims of the English king Edward III from the Plantagenet-Anjou dynasty (the maternal grandson of the French king Philip IV the Handsome of the Capetian family) to the Gallic throne. Allies: England - German feudal lords and Flanders. France - Scotland and the Pope. Army: English - mercenary. under the command of the king. The basis is infantry (archers) and knightly units. French - a knightly militia, led by royal vassals.

Turning point: after the execution of Joan of Arc in 1431 and the Battle of Normandy, the national liberation war of the French people began with the tactics of guerrilla raids.

Results: October 19, 1453 the English army capitulated in Bordeaux. Having lost everything on the continent, except for the port of Calais (it remained English for another 100 years). France switched to a regular army, abandoned knightly cavalry, gave preference to infantry, and the first firearms appeared.

4. Greco-Persian War (50 years)

Altogether, war. Stretched with lulls from 499 to 449. BC. They are divided into two (the first - 492-490, the second - 480-479) or three (the first - 492, the second - 490, the third - 480-479 (449). For the Greek policies-states - the battle for independence. For the Achaeminid Empire - captivating.

Trigger: Ionian rebellion. The battle of the Spartans at Thermopylae is legendary. The battle of Salamis was a turning point. The point was put by "Kalliev Mir".

Results: Persia lost the Aegean Sea, the coasts of the Hellespont and the Bosporus. Recognized the freedom of the cities of Asia Minor. The civilization of the ancient Greeks entered the time of the highest prosperity, laying the culture, which, even after millennia, the world was equal to.

4. Punic war. The battles lasted 43 years. They are divided into three stages of wars between Rome and Carthage. They fought for dominance in the Mediterranean. The Romans won the battle. Basetop.ru

5. Guatemalan War (age 36)

Civil. It proceeded in outbreaks from 1960 to 1996. A provocative decision by US President Eisenhower in 1954 triggered a coup.

Reason: the fight against the "communist infection".

Opponents: Bloc "Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity" and the military junta.

Victims: almost 6 thousand murders were committed annually, only in the 80s - 669 massacres, more than 200 thousand dead (of which 83% were Maya Indians), over 150 thousand went missing. Outcomes: Signing of the "Treaty for a Lasting and Lasting Peace", which protected the rights of 23 groups of Native Americans.

Outcomes: Signing of the "Treaty for a Lasting and Lasting Peace", which protected the rights of 23 groups of Native Americans.

6. War of the Scarlet and White Roses (33 years old)

Confrontation of the English nobility - supporters of two tribal branches of the Plantagenet dynasty - Lancaster and York. Stretched from 1455 to 1485.
Prerequisites: "bastard feudalism" - the privilege of the English nobility to pay off military service from the lord, in whose hands large funds were concentrated, with which he paid for the army of mercenaries, which became more powerful than the royal one.

The reason: the defeat of England in the Hundred Years War, the impoverishment of the feudal lords, their rejection of the political course of the wife of the feeble-minded king Henry IV, hatred of her favorites.

Opposition: Duke Richard of York - considered the right to power of the Lancasters illegitimate, became regent under an incapacitated monarch, in 1483 - king, was killed at the Battle of Bosworth.

Results: Violated the balance of political forces in Europe. Led to the collapse of the Plantagenets. She placed the Welsh Tudors on the throne, who ruled England for 117 years. Cost the lives of hundreds of English aristocrats.

7. Thirty Years War (30 years)

The first military conflict of a pan-European scale. Lasted from 1618 to 1648. Opponents: two coalitions. The first is the union of the Holy Roman Empire (in fact, Austrian) with Spain and the Catholic principalities of Germany. The second - the German states, where power was in the hands of Protestant princes. They were supported by the armies of reformist Sweden and Denmark and Catholic France.

Reason: The Catholic League was afraid of the spread of the ideas of the Reformation in Europe, the Protestant Evangelical Union was striving for this.

Trigger: Revolt of Czech Protestants against Austrian domination.

Results: The population of Germany has decreased by a third. The French army lost 80 thousand. Austria and Spain - more than 120. After the Treaty of Münster in 1648, a new independent state, the Republic of the United Provinces of the Netherlands (Holland), was finally fixed on the map of Europe.

8. Peloponnesian War (age 27)

There are two of them. The first is the Lesser Peloponnesian (460-445 BC). The second (431-404 BC) is the largest in the history of Ancient Hellas after the first Persian invasion of the territory of Balkan Greece. (492-490 BC).

Opponents: Peloponnesian Union led by Sparta and the First Marine (Delosian) under the auspices of Athens.

Reasons: The desire for hegemony in the Greek world of Athens and the rejection of their claims by Sparta and Corypha.

Contradictions: Athens was ruled by an oligarchy. Sparta is a military aristocracy. Ethnically, the Athenians were Ionians, the Spartans were Dorians. In the second, 2 periods are distinguished.

The first is "Arkhidamov's War". The Spartans made land invasions into the territory of Attica. Athenians - sea raids on the coast of the Peloponnese. It ended in the 421st signing of the Peace of Nikiev. After 6 years, it was violated by the Athenian side, which was defeated in the battle of Syracuse. The final phase went down in history under the name Dekeley or Ionian. With the support of Persia, Sparta built a fleet and destroyed the Athenian at Aegospotami.

Results: After the conclusion in April 404 BC. Theramenian world of Athens lost the fleet, tore down the Long Walls, lost all the colonies and joined the Spartan alliance.

9. Great Northern War (age 21)

There was a northern war for 21 years. She was between the northern states and Sweden (1700-1721), the opposition of Peter I to Charles XII. Russia fought mostly on its own.

Reason: Possession of the Baltic lands, control over the Baltic.

Results: With the end of the war in Europe, a new empire arose - the Russian Empire, which has access to the Baltic Sea and has a powerful army and navy. The capital of the empire was St. Petersburg, located at the confluence of the Neva River into the Baltic Sea.

Sweden lost the war.

10 Vietnam War (age 18)

The Second Indochinese War between Vietnam and the United States and one of the most destructive of the second half of the 20th century. Lasted from 1957 to 1975. 3 periods: guerrilla South Vietnamese (1957-1964), from 1965 to 1973 - full-scale US military operations, 1973-1975. - after the withdrawal of American troops from the territories of the Viet Cong. Opponents: South and North Vietnam. On the side of the South - the United States and the military bloc SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization). North - China and the USSR.

The reason: when the communists came to power in China, and Ho Chi Minh became the leader of South Vietnam, the White House administration was afraid of the communist "domino effect". After Kennedy's assassination, Congress gave President Lyndon Johnson carte blanche to use military force in the Tonkin Resolution. And already in March 65, two battalions of US Army Navy SEALs left for Vietnam. So the States became part of the Vietnamese Civil War. They applied the “search and destroy” strategy, burned the jungle with napalm - the Vietnamese went underground and responded with a guerrilla war.

Who benefits: American arms corporations. US losses: 58 thousand in combat (64% under the age of 21) and about 150 thousand suicides of American veterans of the explosives.

Vietnamese victims: over 1 million who fought and more than 2 civilians, only in South Vietnam - 83 thousand amputees, 30 thousand blind, 10 thousand deaf, after the operation "Ranch Hand" (chemical destruction of the jungle) - congenital genetic mutations.

Results: The Tribunal of May 10, 1967 qualified the US actions in Vietnam as a crime against humanity (Article 6 of the Nuremberg Statute) and banned the use of CBU-type thermite bombs as weapons of mass destruction.

In the history of mankind, various wars occupy a huge place.

They redrawn maps, gave birth to empires, destroyed peoples and nations. The earth remembers wars that lasted more than a century. We recall the most protracted military conflicts in the history of mankind.

1. War without shots (335 years old)

The longest and most curious of the wars is the war between the Netherlands and the Scilly archipelago, which is part of Great Britain.

Due to the lack of a peace treaty, it formally went on for 335 years without firing a shot, which makes it one of the longest and most curious wars in history, and even the war with the least losses.

Peace was officially declared in 1986.

2. Punic War (118 years)

By the middle of the III century BC. the Romans almost completely subjugated Italy, swung at the entire Mediterranean and wanted Sicily first. But the mighty Carthage also claimed this rich island.

Their claims unleashed 3 wars that stretched (intermittently) from 264 to 146. BC. and got the name from the Latin name of the Phoenicians-Carthaginians (puns).

The first (264-241) is 23 years old (began just because of Sicily).

The second (218-201) - 17 years (after the capture of the Spanish city of Sagunta by Hannibal).

The last (149-146) - 3 years.

It was then that the famous phrase "Carthage must be destroyed!" was born. Pure warfare took 43 years. The conflict in total - 118 years.

Results: Besieged Carthage fell. Rome won.

3. Hundred Years War (116 years)

Went in 4 stages. With pauses for truces (the longest - 10 years) and the fight against the plague (1348) from 1337 to 1453.

Opponents: England and France.

Reasons: France wanted to oust England from the southwestern lands of Aquitaine and complete the unification of the country. England - to strengthen influence in the province of Guienne and return those lost under John the Landless - Normandy, Maine, Anjou. Complication: Flanders - formally was under the auspices of the French crown, in fact it was free, but depended on English wool for cloth making.

Reason: the claims of the English king Edward III from the Plantagenet-Anjou dynasty (the maternal grandson of the French king Philip IV the Handsome of the Capetian family) to the Gallic throne. Allies: England - German feudal lords and Flanders. France - Scotland and the Pope. Armies: English - mercenary. under the command of the king. The basis is infantry (archers) and knightly units. French - a knightly militia, led by royal vassals.

Turning point: after the execution of Joan of Arc in 1431 and the Battle of Normandy, the national liberation war of the French people began with the tactics of guerrilla raids.

4. Greco-Persian War (50 years)

All in all, war. Stretched with lulls from 499 to 449. BC. They are divided into two (the first - 492-490, the second - 480-479) or three (the first - 492, the second - 490, the third - 480-479 (449). For the Greek policies-states - the battle for independence. For the Achaeminid Empire - captivating.

Trigger: Ionian rebellion. The battle of the Spartans at Thermopylae is legendary. The battle of Salamis was a turning point. The point was put by "Kalliev Mir".

4. Punic war. The battles lasted 43 years. They are divided into three stages of wars between Rome and Carthage. They fought for dominance in the Mediterranean. The Romans won the battle. Basetop.ru

5. Guatemalan War (age 36)

Civil. It proceeded in outbreaks from 1960 to 1996. A provocative decision by US President Eisenhower in 1954 triggered a coup.

Reason: the fight against the "communist infection".

Opponents: Bloc "Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity" and the military junta.

Outcomes: Signing of the "Treaty for a Lasting and Lasting Peace", which protected the rights of 23 groups of Native Americans.

6. War of the Scarlet and White Roses (33 years old)

Confrontation of the English nobility - supporters of two tribal branches of the Plantagenet dynasty - Lancaster and York. Stretched from 1455 to 1485.

Prerequisites: "bastard feudalism" - the privilege of the English nobility to pay off military service from the lord, in whose hands large funds were concentrated, with which he paid for the army of mercenaries, which became more powerful than the royal one.

Opposition: Duke Richard of York - considered the right to power of the Lancasters illegitimate, became regent under an incapacitated monarch, in 1483 - king, was killed at the Battle of Bosworth.

7. Thirty Years War (30 years)

The first military conflict of a pan-European scale. Lasted from 1618 to 1648. Opponents: two coalitions. The first is the union of the Holy Roman Empire (in fact, Austrian) with Spain and the Catholic principalities of Germany. The second is the German states, where power was in the hands of Protestant princes. They were supported by the armies of reformist Sweden and Denmark and Catholic France.

Reason: The Catholic League was afraid of spreading the ideas of the Reformation in Europe, the Protestant Evangelical Union was striving for this.

Trigger: Revolt of Czech Protestants against Austrian domination.

8. Peloponnesian War (age 27)

Opponents: Peloponnesian Union led by Sparta and the First Marine (Delosian) under the auspices of Athens.

Reasons: The desire for hegemony in the Greek world of Athens and the rejection of their claims by Sparta and Corypha.

Contradictions: Athens was ruled by an oligarchy. Sparta is a military aristocracy. Ethnically, the Athenians were Ionians, the Spartans were Dorians. In the second, 2 periods are distinguished.

The first is "Archidamus War". The Spartans made land invasions into the territory of Attica. Athenians - sea raids on the coast of the Peloponnese. It ended in the 421st signing of the Peace of Nikiev. After 6 years, it was violated by the Athenian side, which was defeated in the battle of Syracuse. The final phase went down in history under the name Dekeley or Ionian. With the support of Persia, Sparta built a fleet and destroyed the Athenian at Aegospotami.

Results: After the conclusion in April 404 BC. Theramenian world of Athens lost the fleet, tore down the Long Walls, lost all the colonies and joined the Spartan alliance.

9. Great Northern War (age 21)

There was a northern war for 21 years. She was between the northern states and Sweden (1700-1721), the opposition of Peter I to Charles XII. Russia fought mostly on its own.

Reason: Possession of the Baltic lands, control over the Baltic.

Sweden lost the war.

10 Vietnam War (age 18)

Who benefits: American arms corporations. US losses: 58 thousand in combat (64% under the age of 21) and about 150 thousand suicides of American veterans of the explosives.

* Extremist and terrorist organizations banned in the Russian Federation: Jehovah's Witnesses, National Bolshevik Party, Right Sector, Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA), Islamic State (IS, ISIS, Daesh), Jabhat Fatah ash-Sham", "Jabhat al-Nusra", "Al-Qaeda", "UNA-UNSO", "Taliban", "Majlis of the Crimean Tatar people", "Misanthropic Division", "Brotherhood" Korchinsky, "Trident named after. Stepan Bandera”, “Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists” (OUN), “Azov”, “Terrorist community “Network”

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British colonists at the end of the 19th century began to seize African lands inhabited by black natives, who were distinguished by a very low level of development. But the locals were not going to give up - in 1896, when agents of the British South Africa Company tried to annex the territory of modern Zimbabwe, the natives decided to resist the opponents. Thus began the First Chimurenga - this term refers to all clashes between races in this territory (there were three in total).

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The longest war

The famous Hundred Years War is considered the longest in history. It lasted not a hundred years, but more - from 1337 to 1453, but with interruptions. To be more precise, this is a chain of several conflicts between which a lasting peace was not established, so they stretched into a long war.

The Hundred Years' War was fought between England and France: both sides were assisted by allies. The first conflict arose in 1337 and is known as the Edwardian War: King Edward III, grandson of the French ruler Philip the Handsome, decided to claim the French throne. The confrontation lasted until 1360, and nine years later a new war broke out - the Carolingian. At the beginning of the 15th century, the Hundred Years' War continued with the Lancaster conflict and the fourth, final stage, ending in 1453.

An exhausting confrontation led to the fact that by the middle of the 15th century only one third of the population of France remained. And England lost its possessions on the European continent - she had only Calais. Civil strife began in the royal court, which led to anarchy. There was almost nothing left of the treasury: all the money went to support the war.

But the war had a great influence on military affairs: in one century there were many new types of weapons, standing armies appeared, and firearms began to develop.

History of Russia, the longest wars. The longest wars in history What is the longest war in the world

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The longest war