Each state has a number of awards that reward citizens of that country. The USA is no exception; this state has developed a certain award system, which we will consider today. We were especially interested in the highest US award, which dates back to the Civil War.
US award system
Historically, the US government award system has been built around military awards. Civilians can receive awards from various foundations, organizations and companies. It is quite rare for a state to include its citizens on the list of individuals who receive awards for their contributions to the peaceful life of America.
This fact distinguishes the United States from many other countries where the award system is more focused on ordinary citizens. All awards are not divided into orders and medals. They form a structure that is divided only according to the internal hierarchical system.
Military awards
In addition to American soldiers, foreign citizens who have particularly distinguished themselves in military actions aimed at the benefit of the country can also receive American state awards. In the entire history of the state, there have been no more than three such cases.
All US military awards can be divided according to the characteristics of the body making the decision on nomination for the award into the following categories:
- federal;
- by type
Naturally, in the hierarchy of awards, federal insignia are more significant. In addition, all awards can be divided into:
- personal;
- collective.
Personal awards are presented to a serviceman for personal services to the country; he is the only representative of his unit to receive such an award. Collective awards are worn by all military personnel of the unit, since they are the property of the entire unit as a whole.
It is interesting that in cases where an American soldier is awarded the same insignia several times, he wears only one award, and next to it are stripes indicating the number. It indicates the number of rewards.
If a serviceman has several different military awards, then they should be arranged in order of seniority:
- personal;
- collective;
- rewards related to specific campaigns;
- foreign.
The highest award of the United States is the most important and significant in the hierarchy. I would like to talk about it in more detail.
Medal of Honor: the United States' highest award
It is not only the highest possible, but also the very first award of this level in the history of the state. Now it is awarded to military personnel who, while performing combat missions, managed to significantly exceed their duty. Their actions are classified as heroic.
The issue of creating awards was first raised during the War of Independence. During this period, there was a need to reward soldiers who distinguished themselves in battle. In addition, the creation of the first award would indicate that the English colony was acquiring the status of a separate state with its own heraldry and award system.
But until the Civil War in the sixties of the nineteenth century, awards were limited to a small badge. The original version of the Medal of Honor provided for awarding only naval personnel. Two years later, a draft award for the ground forces was developed. The US government planned to award this insignia only for participation in battles of the Civil War, but later the medal became the highest state medal. The highest US award currently has several design options depending on the type of troops for which it will be intended.
Due to its characteristics, which provide for incredible heroism, more than half of the soldiers nominated for the award had the status of “posthumous”. The medal is a gold star with the head of Minevra, it is attached to a blue ribbon decorated with silver stars.
Purple Heart Medal (USA award)
There are awards in the system of a given state, about which all Americans have a common opinion. The Purple Heart is an award that appeared during the Revolutionary War. He invented and developed it, honoring three officers with this insignia.
In wartime, the medal was a piece of purple fabric that was sewn onto a soldier's uniform. But after the end of the war, this award was forgotten for more than a hundred years. Only in the thirties of the last century they returned to it and developed a new design. Now the medal looks like a bronze heart with Washington's profile attached to a purple ribbon.
The Purple Heart is awarded posthumously or after being seriously wounded in battle.
Civil awards
The highest and practically the only state civilian awards in America include the Gold Medal of the US Congress. It was created by George Washington in 1776 and was a military decoration. But already in the second half of the nineteenth century it became civilian. Now it is awarded for special services to the people of the United States.
In parallel with this award, there is the Presidential Medal of Freedom. It is awarded personally by the President and is recognition of achievements in the field of security and maintaining peace throughout the world. It is also considered the highest award.
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Purple Heart(English) Purple Heart listen)) is a United States military medal awarded to all American military personnel killed or injured as a result of enemy action.
Story
The Purple Heart was established by George Washington in 1782. Only three such awards were officially given and it was not used again until 1861. It was originally made simply from silk material, which was stretched over a heart-shaped silver staple. In 1861, the US Congress decided to establish the Medal of Honor. Medal of Honor), which thus became the highest badge of honor in the country only because there were no orders in the United States. The medal was made of gold in the form of a five-pointed star with a trefoil at the ends of its rays. Because of this, the Purple Heart ended up in second place in importance.
Modern medal "Purple Heart" was created on February 22, 1932, by a directive signed by US Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur, in honor of the 200th anniversary of the birth of George Washington. It was stamped from tin coated with purple enamel. Until 1942, the Purple Heart was awarded only to members of the US Army. At first, awards were made for military merit, and combat wounds were also regarded as merit. Since 1943, the medal has been awarded exclusively for combat wounds. After the war in Korea and Vietnam, the Purple Heart began to be issued to every seriously wounded person without much solemnity, simply according to the corresponding hospital lists.
Criteria
Medal "Purple Heart" The award may be awarded to any member of the United States Armed Forces who is killed or wounded by enemy forces. Since 1984, the medal has also been awarded to military personnel killed or wounded as a result of terrorist acts that did not occur during combat operations. Thus, the criteria for awarding do not include those wounded or killed as a result of non-combat incidents, self-injuries and “friendly fire”. It should be noted, however, that for various reasons, not all soldiers who were wounded in combat were awarded this medal.
Re-awarding
When re-awarding a military award, the second award badge (medal) is not awarded, and the second and subsequent awards are indicated by additional award badges (oak leaves), which are worn on the medal block or award bar.
It is assumed that a soldier should be awarded for each combat wound. There are five soldiers known in history who had eight awards each. "Purple Heart". Of these, one received all awards in World War II, two (including David Hackworth) for participation in the Korean and Vietnam Wars, two for the Vietnam War.
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Excerpt describing the Purple Heart (medal)
“Unfortunately, I don’t know that, my dear.” Since then I have had no more news.“Tell me, wouldn’t you like to see a new future, North?.. Wouldn’t you like to see the new Earth with your own eyes?..” I couldn’t resist.
– It’s not my right, Isidora. I have already outlived my time here and must go Home. And it's about time. I saw too much grief here, there were too many losses. But I'll wait for you, my friend. As I already told you, my distant world is also yours. I'll help you get home...
I stood lost, not understanding what was happening... Unable to understand my beloved Earth, nor the people living on it. They were given wonderful KNOWLEDGE, and instead of cognizing it, they fought for power, destroyed each other, and died... They died in the thousands, not having time to live their precious lives... And taking the lives of other good people.
– Tell me, Sever, the Knights of the Temple didn’t all die, did they? Otherwise, how could their Order have grown so widely later?
– No, my friend, some of them had to stay alive in order to preserve the Order of the Templars of Radomir. When the church attacked Occitania, they went to their friends in neighboring castles, taking with them the head of John and the Templar treasure, with which they were going to create a real army, thinking and acting independently, regardless of the wishes of kings and popes. They again hoped to recreate the world that Radomir dreamed of. But create him this time free, powerful and strong.
(You can read about the remaining Occitan Cathar Warriors (Templars) in the book “Children of the Sun”, which will include excerpts from the original letters of Count Miropoix, the Perfect Warrior who defended the Montsegur fortress in 1244, a surviving witness to the death of the Montsegur Cathars .And also excerpts from real records of the Carcassonne Inquisition and the secret archives of the Vatican).
– So, after the death of Golden Maria, the Cathars seemed to split up? On the “new” Cathars and the old warriors of Magdalene?
- You're right, Isidora. Only the “new” ones, unfortunately, all died at the terrible Papal bonfires... Which is what the “holy” church sought.
– Why didn’t the Templars return? Why didn't they recapture Occitania? – I exclaimed bitterly.
“Because there was no one to conquer, Isidora,” Sever whispered quietly, “there were very few Templars who left.” The rest died defending the “new” Qatar. Remember, I told you - each castle and town was defended by about a hundred Knights. Against tens of thousands of the Pope's Crusaders. This was too much even for the strongest...
The new “Perfects” did not defend themselves, giving themselves and others up for destruction. Although, if they had helped, the Empire of Light would probably still be blooming, and you could still meet living Qatar... After all, the Perfects burned in the hundreds (400 of them burned in Beziers alone!) - together they would have defeated any army! .. But they didn’t want to. And the Templars died for them. Who, even realizing that they would lose, could not calmly watch how old people, women and children died... How the best burned... Burned because of the stupidest lies.
“Tell me, North, did Golden Maria ever come to the Northern country?” I asked again, wanting to change the direction of the conversation.
Sever carefully peered into my face for a long time, as if wanting to penetrate my very soul. Then he smiled sadly and said quietly:
– You are very quick-witted, Isidora... But I can’t tell you this. I can only answer - yes. She visited the sacred Land of her ancestors... The Land of Radomir. She succeeded with the help of the Wanderer. But I have no right to say anything more, even to you... Forgive me.
It was unexpected and strange. Telling me about events that, in my understanding, were much more serious and important, the North suddenly categorically refused to tell us such a “trifle”!.. Of course, this interested me even more, making me hope that somehow, before I’ll die, I’ll still have time to find out. Somehow I'll still have time....
- This page was last modified: 03:43, 13 March 2016.
Description: material - magnetic metal, coating - gilding, colored enamel, original case with straps for everyday wear, issued for the period of the Second World War (WWII).
State: excellent collectible.
Award history: The Purple Heart is a United States military medal awarded to all American military personnel killed or injured as a result of enemy action.
The Purple Heart was established by George Washington in 1782. Only three such awards were officially given and it was not used again until 1861. It was originally made simply from silk material, which was stretched over a heart-shaped silver staple. In 1861, the US Congress decided to establish the Medal of Honor, which thus became the highest insignia in the country only because there were no orders in the United States. The medal was made of gold in the form of a five-pointed star with a trefoil at the ends of its rays. Because of this, the Purple Heart ended up in second place in importance.
The modern Purple Heart medal was created on February 22, 1932, by a directive signed by U.S. Army Chief of Staff Douglas MacArthur in honor of the 200th anniversary of the birth of George Washington. It was stamped from tin coated with purple enamel. Until 1942, the Purple Heart was awarded only to members of the US Army. At first, awards were made for military merit, and combat wounds were also regarded as merit. Since 1943, the medal has been awarded exclusively for combat wounds. After the war in Korea and Vietnam, the Purple Heart began to be issued to every seriously wounded person without much solemnity, simply according to the corresponding hospital lists.
The Purple Heart can be awarded to any member of the United States Armed Forces who is killed or injured by enemy forces. Since 1984, the medal has also been awarded to military personnel killed or wounded as a result of terrorist acts that did not occur during combat operations. Thus, the criteria for awarding do not include those wounded or killed as a result of non-combat incidents, self-injuries and “friendly fire”. It should be noted, however, that for various reasons, not all soldiers who were wounded in combat were awarded this medal.
When re-awarding a military award, the second award badge (medal) is not awarded, and the second and subsequent awards are indicated by additional award badges (oak leaves), which are worn on the medal block or award bar.
It is assumed that a soldier should be awarded for each combat wound. There are five soldiers in history who received eight Purple Heart awards. Of these, one received all awards in World War II, two (including David Hackworth) for participation in the Korean and Vietnam Wars, two for the Vietnam War.
Purple Heart
| A country | USA |
| Type | award medal |
| Establishment date | February 22, 1932 |
| First award | July 21, 1932 |
| Awards | Approximately 1,910,162 (as of June 5, 2010) |
| Status | current award |
| Who is it awarded to? | American military personnel |
| Awarded by | presented by authorized persons on behalf of the President of the United States |
| Reasons for the award | Members of the United States Armed Forces killed or injured by enemy forces. |
| Options | 42x38 mm |
History of the award
General Washington awards the first Purple Heart. Newburgh, May 3, 1782.
Marine Sergeant Dakota Meyer Dakota Meyer). The Purple Heart medal on his chest is the first to be awarded Wednesday.
Purple Heart medal with inscription on reverse.
The Purple Heart is the first military award in US history. She was born at the end of the War of Independence, when fighting on the American continent ended, and soldiers and officers who had not received pay for months turned into a burden for the new masters of the country. In the summer of 1782, Congress ordered the commander in chief, General George Washington, to disband the Continental Army, which had no funds to maintain.
Unable to reward his veterans for their faithful service and concerned about their future fate, the general was forced to resort to measures of moral encouragement. On August 7, 1782, he issued an order introducing external insignia in the army: sleeve chevrons for every three full years of service; for those who committed individual acts of valor, as well as those who gave examples of unprecedented loyalty and provided important services, an image of a heart made of purple silk, upholstered with a narrow silver border, on the left side of the chest. In this case, the name and title of the recipient’s unit were supposed to be entered in a special Book of Merits. He was also allowed to pass guards and sentries without shouting, as officers were supposed to do. Emphasizing that this distinction was for the common soldier, Washington wrote: “The road to glory in a patriotic army and a free country is now open to all.” On May 3, 1783, at his headquarters in Newburgh, New York, General Washington personally presented two such Badges of Military Merit to Sergeants Elijah Churchill and William Brown.
E. Churchill, a 32-year-old carpenter from Enfield, Connecticut, enlisted in the 8th Connecticut Regiment on July 7, 1775. Subsequently he transferred to the cavalry and in October 1780 received sergeant's stripes. For the valor shown in battles, he was mentioned three times in orders.
A native of Stamford, Connecticut, W. Brown joined the army in May 1775. He served in the infantry and became a sergeant in August 1780. He distinguished himself in the assault on the English redoubt during the siege of Yorktown.
The third award was received on June 10, 1783 by Daniel Bissell, also a native of Connecticut. He became a sergeant back in 1777. From August 1781 to September 1782, on the direct orders of Washington, posing as a deserter, he obtained valuable information for the command of the Continental Army.
However, later the award did not take root and was forgotten for a long time. Only in October 1927, the Chief of Staff of the Army, General Charles Summerall, sent to Congress a draft law to revive the Badge of Military Merit. For unknown reasons, the project was withdrawn in January 1928. The surviving sketch represented a badge in the form of a medal, on the obverse of which was placed a relief image of a heart, and on the reverse the inscription: “For military merit.”
In January 1931, Summerall's successor as Army Chief of Staff, General Douglas MacArthur, renewed the initiative to establish the award in connection with the bicentennial of the birth of George Washington. Elizabeth Will, a heraldry specialist in the US Army Quartermaster Service, was assigned to develop its design. Her design became the basis for the design of the medal known as the Purple Heart. The Washington Commission of Fine Arts commissioned three leading medalists to make a plastic model and in May 1931 chose the work of D. Sinnock from Philadelphia.
Since then, the appearance of the award has remained virtually unchanged.
The medal is awarded to military personnel who were injured or died during combat operations, peacekeeping operations, in captivity or under other emergency circumstances related to military operations.
The War Ministry announced the introduction of a new medal by order No. 3 of February 22, 1932. Initially, veterans of the First World War who were mentioned in the orders of the Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary Forces, as well as those who received the right to wear a special chevron for being wounded, could apply for it. The Navy Department did not award the medal, as it considered it a “purely army award.”
In December 1942, President F. Roosevelt extended the Purple Heart award to the Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard, beginning on December 7, 1941 (the date the United States entered World War II). In 1952, President Gary Truman extended the awards to sailors and Marines to April 5, 1917, extending the awards to cover the United States' involvement in World War I. In April 1962, President D. Kennedy included in the circle of awarded civilians serving in any capacity under the direction of or jointly with one of the structures of the US armed forces in the event of their injury or death.
In 1932, the Military Order of the Purple Heart was formed, which consisted of veterans awarded this medal and aimed at protecting their interests. The range of its activities is currently very wide: from the creation of funds for social assistance and rehabilitation of the disabled to the annual ceremony of distributing the official flower of the order - the Purple Heart violet. The wives, mothers, widows, and daughters of Purple Heart recipients are organized into the Women's Auxiliary of the Military Order of the Purple Heart and do extensive work in veterans' hospitals.
Statute of the award
Reasons for awarding
The Purple Heart can be awarded to any member of the United States Armed Forces who is killed or injured by enemy forces. Since 1984, the medal has also been awarded to military personnel killed or wounded as a result of terrorist acts that did not occur during combat operations. Thus, the criteria for awarding do not include those wounded or killed as a result of non-combat incidents, self-injuries and “friendly fire”. It should be noted, however, that for various reasons, not all soldiers who were wounded in combat were awarded this medal.
Wearing order
The Purple Heart is worn on a ribbon on the chest along with other awards in accordance with the rules for wearing awards. For other U.S. awards, the Purple Heart is worn after the Bronze Star and before the National Defense Meritorious Service Medal.
Place in the hierarchy of awards
Description of the award
Description of the sizes of the Purple Heart medal.
Appearance
The Purple Heart Medal is a heart-shaped, gold-plated bronze medallion covered in purple enamel.
Obverse. On the front side there is a golden-colored rim along the edge. In the center is a relief chest image of George Washington. At the top is the coat of arms of the Washington family, with ears of corn at the edges. A ring extends from the coat of arms, with which the award is attached to the ribbon.
Reverse. On the reverse side there is an inscription in three lines: “For military merit” (eng. FOR MILITARY MERIT, the surname of the awardee is engraved below.
Size 42x38 mm.
The medal is worn on a purple moire ribbon with white stripes along the edges. Repeat awards are indicated by miniature five-point stars (Navy, Marines, Coast Guard) or oak sprigs (Army and Air Force) placed on the ribbon and bar.
There are quite a few types of rewards.
Miniature copy
Purple Heart official award and miniature replica. Obverse.
Currently, a miniature copy of the medal is always awarded in the same place as the main award. The complete award set includes: an award box, a badge (medal) with ribbon, a bar for everyday wear, a bar for wearing on civilian clothes and a miniature replica.
Plank
The size of the award bar, worn in some cases instead of the award itself, is 9.5 mm wide and 35 mm long. (3/8 inch by 1 and 3/8 inch).
Re-award badges
When re-awarding a military award, the second award badge (medal) is not awarded, and the second and subsequent awards are indicated by additional award badges (stars or oak leaves), which are worn on the medal block or award bar.
Examples of awards
On July 21, 1932, the Purple Heart Medal No. 1 was received by General of the Army, Field Marshal of the Philippine Army, Douglas MacArthur (1880 - 1964).
It is assumed that a soldier should be awarded for each combat wound. In history, five soldiers are known to have received eight Purple Heart awards. Of these, one received all awards in World War II, two - for participation in the Korean and Vietnam Wars, two - for the Vietnam War. Among all, Robert Howard stands out, who was wounded 14 times.
Recipients of 8 or more Purple Heart medals
| Image | Briefly about the gentleman |
|---|---|
 |
Robert Tryon Frederick(English) Robertlang-en March 14, 1907 – November 29, 1970) Major General in the United States Army during World War II. During the war, he commanded the 1st Special Service Group, the 1st Allied Airborne Task Force, and the 45th Infantry Division. He was awarded two Distinguished Service Crosses and a number of other awards, including eight Purple Hearts, all received in World War II. |
 |
David Hackworth Haskell(English) David Haskell Hackworth; November 11, 1930 – May 4, 2005) also known by his nickname "hack" Hack). Colonel in the United States Army during the Korean War and the Vietnam War. A veteran who received many military awards for heroism in both wars, including eight Purple Heart medals. |
 |
Ronnie Joe Hooper(English) Joe Ronnie Hooper; August 8, 1938 – May 6, 1979)) Captain in the United States Army, served in the airborne forces. He began his military career in the navy, where he rose to the rank of petty officer 3rd class, then enlisted in the army. On February 21, 1968, he was awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism while serving in the Army as a sergeant during the Vietnam War. He was one of the most decorated soldiers of the Vietnam War, including eight Purple Heart medals. |
 |
Robert Lewis Howard(English) Robert Lewis Howard; July 11, 1939 – December 23, 2009) Colonel in the United States Army during the Vietnam War, serving in the Airborne Forces. He was awarded the Medal of Honor and the Purple Heart eight times. |
 |
William "Billy" Waugh(English) William "Billy" Waugh; born December 1, 1929-) Retired US Army Special Forces Sergeant Major and CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) paramilitary operations officer. Recipient of many awards, including eight Purple Heart medals. |
The modern United States Purple Heart medal was created on February 22, 1932 in honor of the 200th anniversary of the birth of the first President of the United States of America (1789-97), George Washington (1732 - 1799).
The Purple Heart was originally intended to reward Army personnel for military merit, with combat wounds also being regarded as merit. On December 3, 1942, this award began to be presented to military personnel of the aviation and navy. From that moment on, the Purple Heart medal became a reward for wounding, and was also awarded to the relatives of fallen servicemen.
According to modern award statutes, the Purple Heart medal is awarded to members of the Armed Forces on behalf of the President of the United States who, during their service, were wounded or killed, or who later died as a result of injury or disease acquired while performing combat duties. In addition, the basis for awarding a medal is such a lesion or illness, the treatment of which required medical intervention.
The medal is a gilded bronze medallion in the shape of a heart, covered with purple enamel. On the front side there is a golden-colored rim along the edge. In the center is a relief chest-to-chest image of John Washington in military uniform, above which is the coat of arms of the Washington family. A ring extends from the coat of arms, with which the award is attached to a purple moire ribbon with white stripes along the edges. On the reverse there is an inscription in three lines: “FOR MILITARY MERIT” (For military merits), below the surname of the recipient is engraved.
There are quite a large number of types of rewards. The color of the ribbon also changed many times.
The insignia recognizing repeat Purple Heart awards is oak branches attached to the ribbon and bar. Each further award is marked with an oak branch.
Art. Sergeant Timerlate Kirven and Corporal Samuel J. Love were the first African-American Marines to receive the Purple Heart. Presented for an award for injuries received during the Battle of Saipan in 1944.
The size of the award bar, worn in some cases instead of the award itself, is 9.5 mm wide and 35 mm long. (3/8 inch by 1 and 3/8 inch).
On July 21, 1932, the Purple Heart Medal No. 1 was received by General of the Army, Field Marshal of the Philippine Army, Douglas MacArthur (1880 - 1964).
All recipients are included in the list of a special Purple Heart Hall, which is located in New York State.
If there are others, it is worn after, before the Medal “For Merit in the Defense of the Country.”
Five soldiers are known to have received eight Purple Heart medals. Of these, one received all awards in World War II, two - for participation in the Korean and Vietnam Wars, two - for the Vietnam War.
