Verbs( verbs) occupy a central place in any sentence in English. Therefore, it is so important to pay special attention to this part of speech. All verbs in English can be divided into 2 groups: regular and irregular. Forms are used correct and not regular verbs for the formation of the past tense (Past Simple) and participle II (Participle II). What is the difference between regular and irregular English verbs?
Regular verbs in English: regular verbs
Regular verbs in English ( regular verbs) - verbs in which the past tense form is formed by adding the ending -ed to the stem. For instance:
- Look (watch) - looked (looked).
- Paint (draw) - painted (painted).
- Call (call) - called (called).
- If the verb ends with an unpronounceable -e, then we add only the letter -d:
- Improve (improve) - improved (improved).
- Like (like) - liked (liked).
- The ending -ed is pronounced like /t/ if the verb ends in a hissing or voiceless consonant:< >Stop (stop) - stopped (stopped). Polish (polish) - polished (polished). The ending -ed is pronounced as / d / if the verb ends in a vowel or voiced consonant:
- Study (study) - studied (studied).
- Travel (travel) - travelled (travelled).
- The ending -ed is pronounced like /id/ if the verb ends in -t or -d:
- Report (report) - reported (reported).
- Pretend (pretend) - pretended (pretended).
Irregular Verbs in English: irregular webs
Irregular verbs in English (irregular verbs) differ in that they do not form the past tense according to the rule. Such verbs must be memorized.
The table of irregular verbs in English is like the multiplication table in mathematics. The foundation of the foundations! Do you want to speak the language fluently? Learn English verbs by heart.
How many irregular verbs does a modern person need to know?
In total, there are about 470 irregular verbs in English, but don't be alarmed, most of them are outdated and are not used in our time.
Beginners just need to learn 50 irregular verbs.
Those who want to approach the level of the average English speaker will have to learn about 200 irregular verbs.
Top 50 Irregular Verbs
The frequency of these 50 verbs in English speech is 87%Top 200 Irregular Verbs
For those who want to get closer to the level of the native speaker - the 200 most popular irregular English verbs.
To study, you can use:
List of irregular verbs with pronunciation: http://www.irregularverbs.ru/table/
More good way learning irregular verbs with the help of rhyming verses.
And finally, a little humor. This video has long become super-popular, and its author, MC Fluency, is a celebrity widely known in circles of English lovers. Happy viewing.
English is the language of exceptions, where when studying a new grammatical rule, students are faced with a dozen buts in which this rule does not work. One of these rules is the use of irregular verbs in the past tense. For many English learners, this topic is a nightmare. But without them it is impossible, because these are the realities of English! However, there is good news - modern English is gradually getting rid of irregular verbs, replacing them with regular ones. Why and how - we will consider in the article.
Why are English verbs irregular?
The difficulty in using irregular verbs is experienced not only by foreigners, but also by the speakers themselves. Nevertheless, for English philologists, the non-standard nature of this part of speech is not a drawback, but a reason for pride. They believe that irregular verbs are a cultural monument that perpetuates the history of the English language. The explanation for this fact is the Germanic roots of the origin of irregular verbs, which makes British English a traditional variant of the language. For comparison, the Americans are trying with might and main to get rid of irregular shape, converting it to the correct one. Therefore, the list of non-standard verbs increases for those who learn both variants of the language. Thus, the incorrect version is ancient, which is reflected in prose and poetry.
How many forms does a verb have in English?
Speaking about verbs in English, it should be noted that they have 3 forms:
- infinitive, aka ;
- I, or Participle I, - this form is used in the simple past tense (Past Simple) and the 2nd and 3rd cases of the conditional mood (Conditional of the 2-d and of the 3-d case);
- Past Participle II, or Participle II, for Past Perfect, Passive Voice and Conditional of the 3-d case.
The table "Three in English" is presented later in the article.
What are regular and irregular verbs? Education rules
Regular verbs are those in which the past form (Past Simple) and the form Participle II (Participle II) are formed by adding the ending -ed to the initial form. The table "Three forms of the verb in English. Regular verbs" will help you better understand this rule.
When forming the forms Participle I and Participle II, there are some features:
- if the verb ends with the letter -e, then adding -ed does not double it;
- the consonant in monosyllabic verbs is duplicated when added. Example: stop - stopped (stop - stopped);
- if the verb ends in -y followed by a consonant, then y is changed to i before adding -ed.
Irregular verbs are those that do not obey general rule in the formation of temporary forms. In English, these include the simple past tense verb forms (Past Simple) and Participle II (Participle II).
Irregular verbs are formed with:
ablaut, in which the root is changed. Example: swim - swam - swum (swim - swam - swam);
the use of suffixes that are different from those accepted in the grammar of the language. Example: do - did - done (do - did - did);
the same or unchanged form. Example: cut - cut - cut (cut - cut - cut).
Due to the fact that each irregular verb has its own form of change, they should be learned by heart.
In total, there are 218 irregular verbs in English, of which approximately 195 are in active use.
Recent studies in the field of language show that rare verbs are gradually disappearing from the language due to the replacement of the 2nd and 3rd forms with regular verb forms, that is, the addition of the ending - ed. This fact is confirmed by the table "Three forms of the verb in English" - the table represents a number of verbs that have both regular and irregular forms.
table of irregular verbs
The table "Three forms of irregular verbs in English" includes the most commonly used verbs. The table shows 3 forms and a translation.
Irregular verbs came into modern English from Old English, which was spoken by the Angles and Saxons - British tribes.
Irregular verbs originated from the so-called strong verbs, each of which had its own type of conjugation.
Harvard researchers found that most of the verbs used are irregular, and they will remain so, as they are used more often than others.
In the history of the English language there is such a phenomenon when the correct verb became irregular. For example, sneak, which has 2 forms - sneaked and snuck.
Not only English learners have problems with verbs, but also native speakers, as even they get into awkward situations when it comes to this difficult part of speech.
One of them is Jennifer Garner, who has been sure all her life that the verb sneak is correct.
She was corrected by the host of one of the programs in which the actress took part. Dictionary in hand, he pointed out to Jennifer her mistake.
Therefore, do not be upset if you make mistakes when using irregular verbs. The main thing is that they do not become systematic.
Regular verbs
The table "Three forms of regular verbs in English with transcription and translation" is compiled on the basis of the most commonly used verbs.
Past Participle I and II |
|||
ask | |||
answer | |||
permit | |||
agree | |||
borrow, borrow | |||
copy, rewrite | |||
Cook | |||
close | |||
carry, drag | |||
call, call | |||
discuss | |||
decide, decide | |||
explain | explain | ||
slide | |||
cry, scream | |||
finish, finish, end | |||
shine | |||
rub | |||
grab | |||
to help | |||
happen, happen | |||
to rule | |||
watch | |||
like | |||
move, move | |||
to rule | |||
be necessary, need | |||
open | |||
recall | |||
offer | sajgest | ||
study, study | |||
stop, stop | |||
start off | |||
travel | |||
talk | |||
transfer | transitlate | ||
try, try | |||
use | |||
worry | |||
walk, walk | |||
watch | |||
work |
Examples of the use of 3 forms of verbs with translation
Above we looked at 3 forms of verbs in English. A table with examples of usage and translation will help reinforce the topic.
Here, for each grammatical construction, two examples are given - one with regular, the other with irregular verbs.
Grammar design | Example in English | Translation |
past simple |
|
|
Present perfect tense |
|
|
Past Perfect Tense |
|
|
Passive Voice |
|
|
Conditional |
|
|
Exercises
For better memory irregular verbs, you need not only to learn them by heart and repeat, but also to perform various exercises.
Exercise 1. Before you is a table "Three forms of the verb in English. Irregular verbs." Fill in one of the three missing forms.
Exercise 2. Before you is a table "Three forms of the verb in English. Regular verbs." Insert forms Participle I and II.
Exercise 3. Using the tables, translate the following sentences into English.
- I was reading a book.
- We saw them yesterday.
- The Smiths lived in London until 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
- Alice was a university student in 2014.
- They worked for the same company two years ago.
- He just finished training.
- When we were children, my mother often took us to this park.
- I drove a toy car as a child.
Answers to the exercises
Exercise 1.
Exercise 2.
asked, borrowed, closed, decided, explained, helped, started, travelled, used, worked.
Exercise 3
- I read a book.
- We saw them yesterday.
- The Smiths lived in London till 2000. Then they moved to Manchester.
- Alice was a student of Univercity in 2014.
- They worked in the same company two years ago.
- He has just finished training.
- When we were children we were taken for a walk to this park.
- I drove a toy car in my childhood.
Get in the habit of periodically repeating the basic forms of the English verb. A table with irregular verbs, exercises and periodic repetition will help you quickly cope with the difficulties of the English language.
English requires a detailed and systematic approach. Of course, if the priorities are obtaining knowledge that will help in practice. A special place within the framework of this goal is occupied, for which there are quite rational explanations.
Verb / Verb |
|||
be | were, were | been | Be |
beat | beat | beaten ["bi:tn] | Beat |
become | became | become | Become |
begin | began | begun | Start off |
bleed | bled | bled | Bleed |
blow | blew | blown | Blow |
break | broke | broken ["brouk(e)n] | Break |
bring | brought | brought | Bring |
build | built | built | Build |
burn | burnt | burnt | burn |
burst | burst | burst | Break out |
buy | bought | bought | Buy |
catch | caught | caught | catch, seize, catch |
choose | chose [ʃəuz] | chosen | To choose |
come | came | come | Come |
cost | cost | cost | Cost |
creep | crept | crept | Crawl |
cut | cut | cut | Cut |
do | did | done | Make |
draw | drew | drawn | draw, drag |
dream | dream | dream | Dream, nap |
drink | drank | drunk | Drink |
drive | drove | driven ["driven] | drive |
eat | ate | eaten ["i:tn] | There is |
fall | fell | fallen ["fɔ:lən] | Fall |
feed | fed | fed | Feed |
feel | felt | felt | Feel |
fight | fought | fought | Fight |
find | found | found | Find |
fit | fit | fit | Fit to size |
fly | flew | flown | Fly |
forget | forgot | forgotten | Forget |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | Forgive |
freeze | frozen | frozen ["frouzn] | Freeze |
get[get] | got | got | Receive |
give | gave | given | giving |
go | went | gone | Go |
grow | grew | grown | Grow |
hang | hung | hung | Hang |
have | had | had | Have |
hear | heard | heard | Hear |
hide | hidden | hidden ["hidden] | Hide |
hit | hit | hit | hit the target |
hold | held | held | Hold |
hurt | hurt | hurt | Hurt |
keep | kept | kept | Contain |
kneel | knelt | knelt | Kneel |
know | knew | known | Know |
lay | laid | laid | put |
lead | led | led | News |
lean | lean | lean | Tilt |
learn | learned | learned | Teach |
leave | left | left | Leave |
lend | lent | lent | borrow |
let | let | let | Let |
lie | lay | lain | Lie |
light | lit | lit | illuminate |
lose | lost | lost | Lose |
make | made | made | Produce |
mean | meant | meant | To mean |
meet | met | met | Meet |
mistake | mistook | mistaken | make mistakes |
pay | paid | paid | To pay |
prove | proved | proven | Prove |
put | put | put | Put |
quit | quit | quit | go out |
read | read | read | Read |
ride | rode | ridden ["ridn] | ride a horse |
ring | rank | rung | Ring |
rise | rose | risen ["rizn] | Get up |
run | ran | run | run |
say | said | said | Talk |
see | saw | seen | See |
seek | sought | sought | Search |
sell | sold | sold | Sell |
send | sent | sent | Send |
set | set | set | Put |
sew | sewed | sewn | Sew |
shake [ʃeik] | shook [ʃuk] | shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n] | Shake |
show [ʃəu] | showed [ʃəud] | shown [ʃəun] | Show |
shrink [ʃriŋk] | shrank [ʃræŋk] | shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] | Reduce |
shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | Close |
sing | sang | sung | Sing |
sink | sank, sunk | sunk | Drown |
sit | sat | sat | Sit |
sleep | slept | slept | Sleep |
slide | slide | slide | Slide |
sow | sowed | sown | Sow |
speak | spoke | spoken ["spouk(e)n] | Talk |
spell | spelt | spelt | To spell |
spend | spent | spent | Spend |
spill | spilt | spilt | Shed |
spoil | spoilt | spoilt | Spoil |
spread | spread | spread | spread |
spring | sprang | sprung | Jump |
stand | stood | stood | To stand |
steal | stole | stolen ["stəulən] | Steal |
stick | stuck | stuck | prick |
sting | stung | stung | Sting |
sweep | swept | swept | sweep |
swell | swollen | swollen ["swoul(e)n] | Swell |
swim | swam | swum | To swim |
swing | swung | swung | Sway |
take | took | taken ["teik(ə)n] | Take, take |
teach | taught | taught | Teach |
tear | tore | torn | Tear |
tell | told | told | Tell |
think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] | Think |
throw [θrəu] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θrəun] | Throw |
understand [ʌndə"stænd] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | Understand |
wake | woke | woken ["wouk(e)n] | Wake up |
wear | wore | worn | Wear |
weep | wept | wept | Cry |
wet | wet | wet | wet |
win | won | won | Win |
wind | wound | wound | Wriggle |
write | wrote | written ["ritn] | Write |
Why is it important to know English irregular verbs?
So, irregular verbs, as mentioned above, play a key role in the successful study of English. Many people have been convinced of this. Consider the main nuances.
Practice shows that half of the mistakes made in speech and writing are the incorrect use of forms and tenses of verbs. Often the verb is superfluous in a sentence or used falsely. This can completely change the meaning. The principle of learning English is that you need to start with those topics in which mistakes are often made. So table of irregular verbs must be fully explored. Otherwise, it is realistic to get negative consequences, consisting in a confusion of phrases. When there are many mistakes, the desire to learn the language disappears. This cannot be allowed. It is important to focus on the success of the task. With the right approach, all goals will be achieved.
Irregular verbs can be used as builders of phrases and sentences that are unique in terms of impact and originality. English philologists are proud of such verbs, referring them to the origins of the ancient Germanic language. Many English-speaking poets and writers drew creative strength from them. Readers may say that they are not going to write poetry in English (although with time everything is possible, it is difficult to predict the twists of fate). However, they form its foundation. Without them, it is impossible to learn English. Many people who have devoted their free time to studying an international language have been able to verify this. A systematic approach will allow you to master all topics, including those that are considered to be difficult in terms of learning.
The study of irregular verbs is also required for the reason that some regular verbs are very similar to them. For example, found is like an irregular verb. If it is perceived this way, then in practice there will be confusion. Every nuance is important and worth considering.
You need to start learning irregular verbs as early as possible. Most of them are based on exceptions rather than rules. This difficult moment should spur and stimulate. Regular verbs will become much easier to learn after. Generally, basic irregular verbs in English yet they have a certain system. She will help you learn them.
Irregular verbs are difficult, that's a fact. However, it is worth devoting at least 10 minutes every day to these “insidious parts of speech” so that they are assimilated once and for all. Having a certain system will make the task a little easier. It is important to understand: without irregular verbs there will be no English. Therefore, it is worth giving them time.
Here you can find a table of incorrect English verbs with translation into Russian and transcription, videos on learning and memorizing irregular verbs, links.
In English, there is a special category of verbs that does not follow the generally accepted rules when forming the past participle. They are called "wrong". Unlike “regular” verbs, to which the ending –ed is added to form the past participle, these verbs either remain unchanged or take unusual forms that are not always easy to remember. For instance:
put - put - put;
drive - driven - driven.
If the first verb is easy to learn and use in sentences, then the second has to be learned directly by memorization.
Where did such difficulties with some verbs come from? Scientists have come to the conclusion that these are some kind of "fossils" that have remained in the language since ancient times. During its development, the English language adopted a large number of words from other European languages, but some words remained unchanged. Irregular verbs fall into this category.
Table of irregular English verbs:
VERB | PAST SIMPLE | PAST PARTICIPLE | TRANSLATION |
abide [əbʌid] | abode [əbəud] | abode [əbəud] | endure, endure |
arise [ə"raiz] | arose [ə"rəuz] | arisen [ə "riz (ə) n] | to arise, to occur |
awake [ə"weik] | awoke [ə"wəuk] | awoken [ə"wəukən] | wake up, wake up |
be | were, were | been | Be |
bear | bore | borne | Carry, take out |
beat | beat | beaten ["bi:tn] | Beat |
become | became | become | Become |
begin | began | begun | Start off |
hold | beheld | beheld | contemplate, see |
bend | bent | bent | Bend |
bereave | bereft / bereaved | deprive, take away | |
beseech | besought / beseeched | Ask, beg | |
beset | beset | beset | Surround |
bet | bet | bet | bet |
bid | bid / bade | bidden | offer, order |
bind | bound | bound | bind |
bite | bit | bitten | Bite, peck |
bleed | bled | bled | Bleed |
blow | blew | blown | Blow |
break | broke | broken ["brouk(e)n] | Break |
breed | bred | bred | Breed, propagate |
bring | brought | brought | Bring |
browbeat ["braubi:t] | browbeat ["braubi:t] | browbeaten ["braubi:tn]/ browbeat ["braubi:t] | Intimidate, intimidate |
build | built | built | Build |
burn | burnt | burnt | burn |
burst | burst | burst | Break out |
bust | busted | busted | go bankrupt, go bankrupt |
buy | bought | bought | Buy |
cast | cast | cast | Throw, throw away |
catch | caught | caught | catch, seize, catch |
choose | chose [ʃəuz] | chosen | To choose |
cleave | cleft | cleft | Split, cut |
cling | clung | clung | cling, hold on |
clothes | clothed / clad | Dress | |
come | came | come | Come |
cost | cost | cost | Cost |
creep | crept | crept | Crawl |
cut | cut | cut | Cut |
deal | dealt | dealt | Deal with |
dig | arc | arc | Dig |
disprove | disproved | disproved / disproved | Refute |
dive | dove | dived | dive, dive |
do | did | done | Make |
draw | drew | drawn | draw, drag |
dream | dream | dream | Dream, nap |
drink | drank | drunk | Drink |
drive | drove | driven ["driven] | drive |
dwell | dwelt / dwelled | live, dwell | |
eat | ate | eaten ["i:tn] | There is |
fall | fell | fallen ["fɔ:lən] | Fall |
feed | fed | fed | Feed |
feel | felt | felt | Feel |
fight | fought | fought | Fight |
find | found | found | Find |
fit | fit | fit | Fit to size |
fleece | fled | fled | Run away, disappear |
fling | flung | flung | Throw, throw |
fly | flew | flown | Fly |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | Forbid |
forgo (forego) | future | foregone | Refuse, refrain |
forecast ["fɔ:ka:st] | forecast ["fɔ:ka:st] | forecast ["fɔ:ka:st] | Predict |
foresee | foresaw | foreseen | foresee, foresee |
foretell | foretold | foretold | predict, foretell |
forget | forgot | forgotten | Forget |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | Forgive |
forsake | forsook | forsaken | leave, leave |
freeze | frozen | frozen ["frouzn] | Freeze |
get | got | got | Receive |
gild | gilt | gilt | Gild |
give | gave | given | giving |
go | went | gone | Go |
grind | ground | ground | grind, grind |
grow | grew | grown | Grow |
hang | hung | hung | Hang |
have | had | had | Have |
hear | heard | heard | Hear |
hide | hidden | hidden ["hidden] | Hide |
heave | heaved/hove | heaved/hove | Pull, push |
hew | hewed | hewn/hewed/ | Chop, cut down |
hit | hit | hit | hit the target |
hide | hidden | hidden | hide, hide |
hold | held | held | Hold |
hurt | hurt | hurt | Hurt |
inlay [ɪnˈleɪ] | inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd] | inlaid [ɪnˈleɪd] | invest (money), encrust |
input [ˈɪnpʊt] | input [ˈɪnpʊt] | input [ˈɪnpʊt] | enter, enter |
interweave [ɪntəˈwiːv] | interwove [ɪntəˈwəʊv] | interwoven [ɪntəˈwəʊv(ə)n] | Weave |
keep | kept | kept | Contain |
kneel | knelt | knelt | Kneel |
knit | knit | knit | Knit, darn |
know | knew | known | Know |
lay | laid | laid | put |
lead | led | led | News |
lean | lean | lean | Tilt |
leap | leapt | leapt | Jump, jump |
learn | learned | learned | Teach |
leave | left | left | Leave |
lend | lent | lent | borrow |
let | let | let | Let |
lie | lay | lain | Lie |
light | lit | lit | illuminate |
lose | lost | lost | Lose |
make | made | made | Produce |
mean | meant | meant | To mean |
meet | met | met | Meet |
mistake | mistook | mistaken | make mistakes |
mow | moved | mown | Mow, cut |
overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm] | overcame [əʊvəˈkeɪm] | overcome [əʊvəˈkʌm] | overcome, overcome |
pay | paid | paid | To pay |
plead | pleaded/pled | Beg, ask | |
prove | proved | proven | Prove |
put | put | put | Put |
quit | quit | quit | go out |
read | read | read | Read |
relay | relayed | relayed | transmit, broadcast |
rid | rid | rid | release, release |
ride | rode | ridden ["ridn] | ride a horse |
ring | rank | rung | Ring |
rise | rose | risen ["rizn] | Get up |
run | ran | run | run |
saw | sawed | sawed / sawn | sawing, sawing |
say | said | said | Talk |
see | saw | seen | See |
seek | sought | sought | Search |
sell | sold | sold | Sell |
send | sent | sent | Send |
set | set | set | Put |
sew | sewed | sewn | Sew |
shake [ʃeik] | shook [ʃuk] | shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n] | Shake |
shave [ʃeɪv] | shaved [ʃeɪvd] | shaved [ʃeɪvd] / shaven [ʃeɪvən] | Shave, shave |
shear [ʃɪə] | sheared [ʃɪəd] | sheared [ʃɪəd] / shorn [ʃɔ:n] | Shear, cut |
shed [ʃed] | shed [ʃed] | shed [ʃed] | spill, lose |
shine [ʃaɪn] | shone [ʃoʊn] | shone [ʃoʊn] | Shine, shine |
shit [ʃit] | shit [ʃit] | shit [ʃit] | crap |
shoe [ʃu:] | shod [ʃɒd] | shod [ʃɒd] | Shoe, shoe |
shoot [ʃu:t] | shot [ʃɒt] | shot [ʃɒt] | shoot, take pictures |
show [ʃəu] | showed [ʃəud] | shown [ʃəun] | Show |
shrink [ʃriŋk] | shrank [ʃræŋk] | shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] | Reduce |
shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | Close |
sing | sang | sung | Sing |
sink | sank, sunk | sunk | Drown |
sit | sat | sat | Sit |
slay | slew | slain | Kill, kill |
sleep | slept | slept | Sleep |
slide | slide | slide | Slide |
sling | slung | slung | hang up |
slink | slinked / slunk | slip away | |
slit | slit | slit | Cut, cut |
smell | smelt | smelt | smell, feel |
smite | smote | smitten [ˈsmɪtn] | hit, hit |
sow | sowed | sown | Sow |
speak | spoke | spoken ["spouk(e)n] | Talk |
speed | sped | sped | Hurry, run |
spell | spelt | spelt | To spell |
spend | spent | spent | Spend |
spill | spilt | spilt | Shed |
spin | spun | spun | Spin, spin |
sleep | spit / spat | spit / spat | Spit |
split | split | split | Divide, break |
spoil | spoilt | spoilt | Spoil |
spread | spread | spread | spread |
spring | sprang | sprung | Jump |
stand | stood | stood | To stand |
steal | stole | stolen ["stəulən] | Steal |
stick | stuck | stuck | prick |
sting | stung | stung | Sting |
stink | stank | stun | stink, smell |
strew | strewed | strewn | To sprinkle |
stride | strode | stridden | Step |
strike | struck | struck / stricken | Beat, strike |
string | string | string | string, hang |
striving | strove / striving | try, try | |
wear | swore | sworn | swear, swear |
sweat | sweat / sweated | Sweat | |
sweep | swept | swept | sweep |
swell | swollen | swollen ["swoul(e)n] | Swell |
swim | swam | swum | To swim |
swing | swung | swung | Sway |
take | took | taken ["teik(ə)n] | Take, take |
teach | taught | taught | Teach |
tear | tore | torn | Tear |
tell | told | told | Tell |
think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] | Think |
throw [θrəu] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θrəun] | Throw |
thrust [θrʌst] | thrust [θrʌst] | thrust [θrʌst] | to thrust, to thrust |
thread | trod | trodden | trample, crush |
undergo [ʌndəˈɡəʊ] | life [ʌndə "wɛnt] | undergone [ʌndə"ɡɒn] | experience, endure |
understand [ʌndə"stænd] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | Understand |
undertake [ʌndəˈteɪk] | undertook [ʌndəˈtʊk] | [ʌndəˈteɪk(ə)n] | undertake, make |
undo ["ʌn"du:] | undid ["ʌn" dɪd] | undone ["ʌn"dʌn] | Destroy, cancel |
upset [ʌp"set] | upset [ʌp"set] | upset [ʌp"set] | upset, upset |
wake | woke | woken ["wouk(e)n] | Wake up |
wear | wore | worn | Wear |
weave | wove/weaved | wove/weaved | Weave, weave |
wed | wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd] | wed / wedded ["wɛdɪd] | Marry |
weep | wept | wept | Cry |
wet | wet | wet | wet |
win | won | won | Win |
wind | wound | wound | Wriggle |
withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn | Remove, delete |
withhold | withheld | withheld | hold, hide |
withstand | withstood | withstood | endure, resist |
ring | wrung | wrung | Squeeze, twist |
write | wrote | written ["ritn] | Write |
Video on learning and memorizing irregular English verbs:
Top 100 irregular verbs in English.
In this video, the author analyzes the most popular irregular verbs in English (top 100 compiled by himself). Examples are given for all irregular verbs, voice acting, etc. The most used irregular verbs come first, followed by the less used ones.
Pronunciation of irregular English verbs.
British Irregular English Verbs. The author makes it possible to repeat after him and thus hone the correct pronunciation of irregular verbs.
Learning irregular English verbs with the help of rap.
An interesting video for learning irregular English verbs superimposed on rap.
Examples of the use of irregular verbs:
1. I could swim when I was five. | 1. I could swim when I was five years old. |
2. Peter became an enterpreneur by chance. | 2. Peter became an entrepreneur by accident. |
3. He took another day off. | 3. He took another day off. |
4. They had two cats and a dog. | 4. They had two cats and one dog. |
5. We did lots of work yesterday. | 5. We did a great job yesterday. |
6. Jane ate the last piece of cake. | 6. Jane ate the last piece of the pie. |
7. He got another chance to gain her heart. | 7. He got another chance to win her heart. |
8. I gave my old bycicle to the neighbor's son. | 8. I gave mine old bike neighbor's son. |
9. We went shopping to the mall two days ago.. | 9. We went shopping at the nearest mall two days ago. |
10. She made a rather delicious pasta. | 10. She made quite tasty pasta. |
11. Have you bought a new car? | 11. Have you bought a new car? |
12. We've driven all the way down to her house. | 12. We drove all the way to her house. |
13. She's grown so much since we last saw her. | 13. She has grown so much since we last saw her. |
14. Have you ever ridden a trycicle? | 14. Have you ever ridden a tricycle? |
15. You don't need to repeat twice, as it is understood. | 15. You do not need to repeat twice, as everything is understood. |
16. Their dog has bitten my sister today. | 16. Their dog bit my sister today. |
17. Have you chosen your future profession? | 17. Have you chosen your future profession? |
18. We've completely forgotten to call the Smiths. | 18. We completely forgot to call the Smiths. |
19. I "ve hidden a folder and now I can't find it. | 19. I hid the folder and now I can't find it. |
20. It was thought to be necessary for him. | 20. Everyone thought it would do him good. |
If you have reached the study of verbs, then you have already gone through a lot. But there is still a long road to perfection ahead. The temporary system is based on such a distinction between this part of speech, as correct and incorrect. It is about the latter that we will talk and explain how to quickly learn irregular verbs.
So, we already know that with the passage of time, foreign conquests or other interactions of people, the English language also did not stand aside. This is especially true for verbs. If we study tenses, then we have to delimit according to this category. Irregular Verbs are found in almost every one of them.
Forms of irregular verbs in English
Where to begin? From acquaintance. What types are, when and how they are used. Indeed, when reading a rule, you often stumble upon the expression 2nd form, 3rd. And what is it, we will now consider. Once again, it is worth recalling that there are 3 forms of irregular verbs (some linguists distinguish four).
First form is it an infinitive or first column of the table. It is in this form that the verb is used in the dictionary: run, swim, give. It is used in present simple, Future Simple, in interrogative and negative sentences past simple.
The second form is this is the simple past tense (Past Simple): ran, swam, gave (second column). In this form, irregular English verbs are used in Past Simple (with the exception of interrogative and negative sentences).
Third form- this is the past participle (Past Participle or Participle II): run, swun, given. This form is the most commonly used verb. At times Perfect, at all times Passive Voice. You will find it in third column of the table.
fourth form is the present participle (Present Participle or Participle I): running, swimming, giving. It is used by the times of the Continuous group and Perfect Continuous. Not all tables contain a fourth column, only some.
When considering sentences with irregular verbs, pay attention to the tense.
How are the main irregular verbs of the English language formed?
It is impossible to clearly determine that these words change in this way, and others - the second or third. But it is still possible to trace a certain trend, and then it will not be a set of words and incomprehensible forms.
- By changing the vowel at the root of the word: meet - met - met; begin - began - begun.
- Changing the root and adding a suffix: speak - spoke - spoken; give - gave - given.
- The ending changes: send - sent - sent; build-built-built.
- And some verbs are the same in all forms: cut - cut - cut; put - put - put.
How to learn irregular verbs?
Everyone has their own methodology, their own way, which has its pros and cons. But I would like to start by saying a few generally accepted facts. First, learn all three forms at once and with translation. Irregular verbs with translation can be found in almost any grammar book, dictionary, online resources and on our website. The entire table can be downloaded. Don't learn 10 at once, take 5, spread over 3-4 days, do the exercises. Many teach in a row, alphabetically, some in groups (depending on the method of education). I find the second one to be more efficient and easier. Therefore, we will break all the irregular English verbs into groups.
1. Match completely
bet | bet | bet | bet |
cost | cost | cost | cost |
cut | cut | cut | cut |
hit | hit | hit | strike |
hurt | hurt | hurt | damage |
let | let | let | let |
put | put | put | put |
set | set | set | install, set |
Shed | Shed | Shed | dump |
shut | shut | shut | close |
sleep | sleep | sleep | spit |
split | split | split | divide, split |
spread | spread | spread | distribute |
trust | trust | trust | trust |
2. The second and third forms coincide - p-t
3. Matches the second and third forms - d-t
4. The root vowel changes - ew - own
5. A group of verbs with different root vowels
6. Endings aught/ought
7. Vowel alternation
become | became | become | become |
come | came | come | come |
run | ran | run | run |
8. Vowel alternation + en ending
9. Alternation, ending en, doubling the consonant
bite | bit | bitten | bite |
fall | fell | fallen | fall |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | forbid |
hide | hidden | hidden | hide |
ride | rode | ridden | ride |
write | wrote | written | write |
forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
10. The second and third forms coincide
second and third | ||
built | built | build |
dig | arc | drip |
find | found | find |
get | got | receive |
have | had | have |
hear | heard | hear |
hold | held | hold |
lead | led | lead |
leave | left | leave |
lose | lost | lose |
make | made | make |
shine | shone | shine |
shoot | shot | fire |
sit | sat | sit |
win | won | win |
stick | stuck | stick, stick, |
strike | struke | hit, hit |
stand | stood | to stand |
understand | understood | understand |
deal | dealt | deal with |
mean | meant | to mean |
sell | sold | sell |
tell | told | talk |
lay | laid | put |
pay | paid | to pay |
say | said | to tell |
bleed | bled | bleed |
feel | felt | feel |
meet | met | meet |
feed | fed | feed |
11. Have two options
burn | burnt/burned | burnt/burned | burn, burn |
dream | dream/dream | dream/dream | dream |
dwell | dwelt/dwelled | dwelt/dwelled | dwell, live |
hang | hung/hanged | hung/hanged | hang |
kneel | knelt/kneeled | knelt/kneeled | kneel down, bow down |
knit | knit/knitted | knit/knitted | to knit |
lean | lean/leaned | lean/leaned | lean, lean |
leap | leapt/leaped | leapt/leaped | jump up, jump |
learn | learned/learned | learned/learned | teach |
light | lit/lighted | lit/lighted | spark off |
prove | proved | proven/proved | prove |
sew | sewed | sewn/sewed | sew |
smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | smell, smell |
speed | speeded/speeded | speeded/speeded | accelerate |
spell | spell/spelled | spell/spelled | to spell |
spoil | spoilt/spoiled | spoilt/spoiled | spoil |
12. Completely different shapes
Remembering irregular verbs in English at first seems difficult, tedious. But believe me, if you do not reset yourself, learn from the groups that we have provided, you will easily master them. And this is very important! All irregular verbs are very often used in speech. Learn grammar and expand vocabulary.