Final test
Birds
Option 1
A1. The science of birds is called
poultry farming
ornithology
cynology
ichthyology
A2. Bird skin
thin, dry, all covered with horny formations
thin, dry, devoid of glands (only coccygeal), all covered with feathers
thin, dry, there is one coccygeal gland, there are areas on the body that are devoid of feathers
penetrated by numerous glands that secrete mucus
A3. Nocturnal birds of prey have
good eyesight and developed flight feathers
soft and loose plumage and good hearing
weakly feathered front of head and neck
small size and excellent hearing
A4. If oil or fuel oil gets on the feathers of waterfowl, then
plumage properties will remain virtually unchanged
the feathers will stick to the body, and it will take on a more streamlined shape
the number of birds increases, since such birds will not be eaten by predators
feathers will stick together, water will easily penetrate the skin, and the birds will die from chilling
A5. Which bird has the most developed muscular section of the stomach:
at the black grouse
at the eagle
at the woodpecker
at the titmouse
Ulna: forearm=tarsus: __________
shin
brush
foot
hip
A7. The shoulder girdle of the limbs of birds consists of:
paired shoulder blades, crow bones and fused clavicles;
paired shoulder blades, crow bones and sternum;
paired shoulder blades, fused crow bones and collarbones.
A8. One of the signs that birds are becoming more complex than reptiles is
division of the body into sections
constant body temperature
internal skeleton
organ systems
A9. Select the structural features of the bird skeleton associated with flight:
The bones of the skeleton are thin, strong and light;
the tubular bones of the skeleton are hollow inside and filled with air;
development of the sternum with keel;
formation of a complex sacrum;
a + b + c;
a + b + c + d.
A10. Birds consume large amounts of food, which gives them energy for:
movement, including flight;
maintaining a constant and high body temperature;
a + b.
Part B
IN 1. Establish a correspondence between the features of the circulatory system and the classes of animals. Enter your answer in the table.
AT 2. Choose several correct answers. Write the answer as a sequence of letters.
Significant evolutionary, progressive acquisitions of birds are:
Lightness and strength of the skeleton
Metabolic rate
Mixed blood in the heart
Bone skull
Beak without teeth
The brain has five sections
AT 3. Establish the sequence of subordination of relevant terms to systematic categories. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers in your answer.
view ________________
genus _________________
family ___________________
squad ________________
Class _________________
type ___________________
Common hoopoe
Chordata
Hoopioformes
Hoopodae
Hoopoe
Birds
Q4. Write down the numbers of the correct statements.
1. Birds are warm-blooded animals.
2. The skin of birds has a large number of glands.
3. The coccygeal gland secretes fat necessary to lubricate the feather cover.
4. Birds have keen eyesight.
5. Birds have a three-chambered heart.
6. Birds have sharp teeth.
7. According to the method of movement, birds are divided into three groups: running, swimming and flying.
8. All gallinaceous birds are ratites.
9. Perhaps the first birds appeared on Earth about 1 million years ago.
10. The jaw of birds is represented by a beak.
AT 5. Which birds correspond to the listed characteristics?
Signs:Birds:
A. They nest on ice floes and coastal cliffs
B. Strong strong legs
D. No keel
D. Long neck
E. High legs
L. Hooked beak
M. There are swimming membranes on the fingers
I. Gray Goose
II. Heron
III. Eagle
IV. Emu
V. Penguin
Part C
Why is bird breeding considered superior to reptile breeding?
Final test
Birds
Option 2
A1. The structure of Archeopteryx has been studied by science
taxonomy
paleontology
physiology
arachnology
A2. The part of the feather immersed in the skin is called
trunk
fan
start
beards
A3. The structural feature of the ostrich is
maintaining the skeletal structure of flying birds
the barbs of the feathers are interlocked with each other, making the feather almost impenetrable to air
well developed pectoral and leg muscles
sternum flat without keel
A4. If a lot of washing powder gets into the water, then waterfowl
feathers will become cleaner and lighter
plumage properties will remain virtually unchanged
the fat on the feathers will dissolve, the water will begin to quickly wet them
feathers, when exposed to powder, form a dense waterproof layer
A5. Rapid digestion of food is an adaptation to:
nature of food
feeding the young
flight
need to store food all the time
A6. There is a certain connection between the first and second concepts. Find a similar connection between the third and one of the 4 given concepts.
Lower limbs: tarsus = air sacs: __________
gas exchange
respiratory system
high metabolic rate
excretory system
A7. Towards the end of the incubation period, the thickness of the egg shell decreases:
1. it is partially used to form the skeleton of the embryo;
2. this makes it easier for the chick to leave the nest;
3. mechanical thinning of the egg shell occurs
A8. Compared to reptiles, birds have better developed brains:
1. forebrain and cerebellum;
2. forebrain hemispheres, midbrain and cerebellum;
3. forebrain and midbrain.
A9. Birds have air sacs when flying:
1. increases the bird’s body temperature
2. protects internal organs from overheating
3. protects internal organs from cooling
4. does not affect their body temperature
A10. Choose an animal that belongs to one of the most prosperous groups of our time
1. crocodile
2. triton
3. magpie
4. toothless
Part B
IN 1. Establish a correspondence between the character of Archeopteryx and the class of vertebrates to which this character indicates a relationship
6. Jaws with small teeth
AT 2. Choose several correct answers. Write the answer as a sequence of letters. Bird brains are different from amphibian brains
presence of medulla oblongata
enlargement of the forebrain hemispheres
reduction of the forebrain
greater development of the midbrain
presence of the diencephalon
better development of the cerebellum
AT 3. Establish the sequence of stages in the evolution of the circulatory system of chordates. Write the answer as a sequence of letters.
Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of unpaired atria and ventricles, developed from only the branchial vessels
Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and a ventricle separated by an incomplete septum
Closed circulatory system without a heart
Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and ventricles separated by a complete septum
Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and an unpaired ventricle, the appearance of pulmonary vessels
Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and an unpaired ventricle, the appearance of pulmonary arteries
AT 4. Write down the numbers of the correct statements.
The strength of the bird skeleton is achieved through the fusion of many bones in the early stages of individual development.
In birds, the thoracic vertebrae bear ribs that are movably connected to the sternum.
In many birds, the sternum does not have a keel.
In birds, the hind limb girdle is formed by three paired bones: the crow's bones, the scapulae, and the clavicles.
An increase in brain volume is associated with the development of the forebrain hemispheres and the expansion of motor activity and the complication of behavior.
Arterial blood coming from the lungs through the pulmonary vein flows into the left atrium, and from there into the right ventricle and aorta.
The lungs have a spongy structure, the bronchi entering them branch and end in the thinnest blind bronchioles.
In some birds, the long esophagus forms an expansion, as the crop is where food accumulates and begins to be digested.
The ureters open into the bladder, as in reptiles.
The embryonic development of the chicks begins with the emergence from the egg shells.
AT 5.Which birds correspond to the listed characteristics?
Signs:Birds:
A. Strong strong legs
B. There are swimming membranes on the fingers
B. The feather cover is generously lubricated with fat
D. No keel
D. High legs
E. Long neck
G. They live in wetlands or where there are many lakes
3. Powerful paws equipped with sharp claws
I. Bones do not have air cavities
K. Wings turned into flippers
L. Hooked beak
M. Nest on ice floes and coastal cliffs
I. Penguin
II. Stork
III. Owl
IV. Ostrich
V. Swan
Part C
C1. Give a detailed answer to the question posed.
A sparrow eats an amount of food per day equal to approximately 80% of its own weight. Why does he eat so much?
TEST ANSWER FORM
Student’s FI ______________________Class ______Option_____
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
C1Maximum score for completing tasks:
Part A – 1 point (total 10 points);
Part B – 2 points (total 10 points);
Part C – 3 points.
Total – 23 points
17 – 23 points – “excellent”;
11 – 16 points – “good”;
9 – 10 points – “satisfactory”.
Total number of points scored ____________Score_______
Signature of the inspector_________________
Answers
Option 1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
2
3
2
4
1
3
1
2
6
3
A
B
B
B
A
A
1
2
6
1
5
3
4
6
2
1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10
V, M
D, E, L
B, Z
G, F, K
Part C. C1.
Points
Response Elements
1. Birds have developed the construction of protected nests and incubation of eggs
2. Feeding and training of the brood
3. Group protection of chicks
Wrong answer
Option 2
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
2
3
4
3
3
2
1
1
2
3
B
A
B
A
A
B
2
4
6
3
1
6
5
2
4
1
2
5
7
8
K,I,M,B
F, W
Z, L
D, A, G, E
B, C
Part C. C1.
Contents of the correct answer and recommendations for assessment(other wording of the answer is allowed that does not distort its meaning)
Points
Response Elements
1. Sparrows are small birds
2. In order for metabolism to be sufficiently effective, it must be very fast. To do this you need to eat a lot.
3. The smaller the bird, the more often and more it eats.
The answer includes all the above elements and does not contain biological errors
The answer includes 2 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 3 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors
The answer includes 1 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 2 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors
Wrong answer
Lesson objectives:
- To ensure that students acquire knowledge about the life processes of birds, about the structural features of their internal organs in connection with their functions and adaptability to flight.
- Show the complexity of the organization of the internal structure of birds compared to reptiles.
- To teach to recognize the organ systems of the bird class, to establish the relationship between the structure and function of organs.
- To teach how to identify the adaptability of organisms to their environment.
Lesson type: lesson of learning new material.
Lesson format: a lesson in acquiring new knowledge through independent work, group work, and partial search method.
Equipment:
- bird skeleton, model "Vertebrate Brain";
- tables “Bird class. Pigeon", "Main classes of vertebrates"
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizational moment
II. Updating of reference knowledge
“An ounce of experience and labor is worth more than a ton of theory.” (Dewey).
Millions of years ago the first birds appeared. And the hitherto gloomy world, inhabited only by dinosaurs, resounded with birdsong. And millions of years later, a man walked the earth who was able to appreciate this singing. The man raised his head, and there was a lark in the sky! Sings, sings, flutters its wings!
The man raised his head up and saw a stork that had built a nest on the top of a tall oak tree, just above the roof of his house. The stork stands on one leg, clicks its beak, knocks out fractions, and wants to please the stork!
The man raised his head up - and there the eagle soars, freely, easily! “If only I could do this,” the man thought, built wings and threw himself down from the bell tower. He threw himself down more than once before he soared up, relying not on the strength of his muscles, but on the strength of his mind. And aviation was born. Airplanes fly faster than sound, far away from the birds. But in terms of flight efficiency, birds are unattainable. A titmouse flies 100 km on one gram of fat!
Young navigators are graduating from military schools. A ship or plane can take you to any point on earth. But the birds, returning to us after wintering, find landmarks known only to them and land exactly on the same clearing from which they started in the fall!
Birds see perfectly, and it’s not for nothing that we say: “Vigilant as a falcon!” They hear and sing perfectly! The autumn garden is boring without them, and we rejoice at their return in the spring. What can I say! Birds are birds!
Today in class you and I will be young researchers, and I will be your supervisor. We will have to solve a difficult problem together:
- What features of the internal structure allow birds to fly.
But we must remember from the material studied:
- What features of the external structure allow birds to fly into the sky?
Suggested answers:
- Streamlined body shape
- Covered with feathers
- Missing teeth
- Hollow bones
- fused skeleton
Let's repeat the material from the previous lesson: “Musculoskeletal system”
- Individual survey
- Working with cards
III. Individual work using cards
Establish a correspondence between the bones and the parts of the limbs to which they belong.
Bones:
a) Femur.
b) Humerus.
c) Shank.
d) Forearm.
d) Shin.
e) Toes.
Limb sections:
1. Free lower limb.
2. Free upper limb.
Find errors in the given text, indicate the numbers of the sentences they were made, write down these sentences without errors.
- The girdle of the forelimbs is formed by: the sternum, two clavicles, two crow bones.
- The length of the neck in birds depends on the number of vertebrae and the length of their bodies.
- The skeleton of the free forelimb consists of the humerus, one forearm bone and the bones of the hand.
- The tarsus in birds is the result of an adaptation to increasing step length when walking on the hind limbs.
IV. Learning new material
Students work in pairs. Each pair receives a task that must be completed by reading the relevant sections of the textbook.
Group I. Digestive and excretory systems
1. Name the organs of the digestive system.
In the process of evolution, birds have developed features in the digestive system associated with flight. Write them down in your notebook.
2. Name the excretory organs of birds. It is known that the kidneys of birds are large. What do you think is the reason for this? What functions does the cloaca perform? How do you explain the absence of a bladder in birds?
3. What caused the division of the stomach into glandular and muscular in birds? In which organ is mechanical processing of food carried out due to the absence of teeth?
Group II. Respiratory system
1. Consider the structure of the respiratory organs of birds.
2. Write down the structural features of the respiratory system of birds associated with flight in a notebook.
3. Using a drawing, write a story about the direction of air movement in the bird’s respiratory organs when inhaling and exhaling. How do birds breathe during rest? During the flight? What is double breathing? What is its significance?
III group. Circulatory system, metabolism
1. Transport of substances in the body of birds is carried out, as in all vertebrates, using the circulatory system. What general structural plan is characteristic of the circulatory system of vertebrates? What features of the circulatory system of birds indicate that it has a more complex structure compared to reptiles? Write them down in your notebook.
2. Using the drawing, determine the direction of blood movement through the vessel. Indicate where the systemic circulation begins and ends; pulmonary circulation.
3. What is the significance of the presence of a four-chambered heart in birds? What kind of blood flows to the organs of the body? To the lungs? What connection exists between the structure of the circulatory system and metabolism in birds?
IV group. Reproductive organ system
1. Write down in your notebook the features of the reproductive system associated with flight.
2. The figure shows the reproductive organ system. Name and reveal the meaning of each of them. Where does bird fertilization occur?
3. Choose the correct statement:
a) In birds, as a rule, one ovary functions.
b) Many eggs mature in the ovary at once.
c) The yolk is considered the proper egg.
d) Fertilization in birds is external.
V group. Nervous system of birds
1. Look at the drawing. Write down the parts of the nervous system of birds. What features of the structure of the brain of birds indicate a higher level of its development compared to reptiles? Write them down in your notebook.
2. Birds are characterized by more complex behavior compared to fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Give examples of complex bird behavior. What is the relationship between the behavior of birds and the level of organization of their nervous system?
3. Among the examples listed below, give a conditioned reflex:
a) building nests;
b) hatching chicks;
c) chickens run to the owner’s voice;
d) chickens peck at everything.
After completing the work, students prepare for an oral response to the assignment questions for two to three minutes, after which they take turns speaking. Students in other groups write down the features of each system in their notebooks, filling out the table.
V. Consolidation
Cognitive tasks:
1. Digestion in birds occurs very quickly. Small owls (little owls) digest a mouse in 4 hours, a gray shrike in 3 hours. Juicy berries in passerines pass through the intestines in 8–10 minutes. Insectivorous birds fill their stomachs 5-6 times a day, granivorous birds - twice. Predators eat once or twice a day.
What is the significance of the high digestion rate of birds for the natural community?
2. Birds have skin impermeable to water and no sweat glands. However, a significant amount of water is lost during ventilation. Some small birds can lose up to 35% of their body weight per day.
How to solve the problem of dehydration in birds? Is excretion the same in seabirds and forest birds? Why do you think birds don't have a bladder?
3. What features of the internal structure of birds allow them to rise into the sky?
Choose the correct answers:
1. A sign that birds are adapted to flight:
a) the appearance of a four-chambered heart
b) horny scutes on the legs
c) the presence of hollow bones
d) presence of the coccygeal gland
2. Rapid digestion of food is an adaptation to:
a) the nature of the food
b) feeding the young
c) flight
d) the need to store food all the time
3. The adaptation of the circulatory system of birds to flight is to a large extent:
a) structure of the heart
b) an increase in the amount of blood in the body
c) high blood flow rate
d) low blood flow rate
4. Select the correct statements.
a) small birds have a lower respiratory rate than large birds
b) there are about 9000 species of birds on earth
c) in the process of evolution, birds developed the brain, and especially the cerebellum
d) all birds retain food with their teeth
d) all birds are warm-blooded animals
f) the flight speed of a bird depends on body weight
5. Significant evolutionary, progressive acquisitions of birds are:
a) the brain of five sections
b) intensive metabolism
c) mixed blood in the heart
d) bone skull
d) beak without teeth
e) lightness and strength of the skeleton
6. Birds’ adaptations to flight can be considered:
a) modified limbs
b) good sense of smell
c) one circle of blood circulation and pulmonary respiration
d) hollow bones in the skeleton
e) the presence of the duodenum and rectum
e) absence of a bladder
7. Line up the food path for birds in the correct sequence:
a) pharynx
b) stomach
c) oral cavity
d) esophagus
d) intestines
e) cloaca
g) goiter
VI. Reflection
- What did you learn in this lesson today?
- What did you like?
- What didn't work?
Lessons can be graded using a variety of approaches. For example, the most active couple and the most active member of the couple are given a score of 5.
VII. Homework
- Paragraph 55, 56.
- Group task: each pair writes test questions on the topic.
Progress and regression in evolution. The evolutionary process as a whole continuously moves towards the maximum adaptation of living organisms to environmental conditions. Changing conditions often lead to the replacement of some devices with others. However, the same applies to adaptations of a broad nature that give organisms advantages in various environmental conditions. This is, for example, the importance of the lungs as a universal organ of gas exchange in terrestrial vertebrates or the flower as a perfect reproductive organ in angiosperms. Thus, biological progress can occur as a result of both private and general adaptations of organisms. Biological progress should be understood as an increase in the adaptability of organisms to the environment, leading to an increase in the number and wider distribution of the species.
Evolutionary changes occurring in some species and larger taxa (families, orders) cannot always be recognized as progressive. In such cases they talk about biological regression. Biological regression is a decrease in the level of adaptability to living conditions, a decrease in the number of a species and the area of the species' range.
What are the ways to achieve biological progress?
Aromorphosis. The question of possible ways to achieve biological progress was developed by A. N. Severtsov, a major evolutionary scientist. One of the main such paths, according to Severtsov, is morphophysiological progress, or aromorphosis, i.e., the emergence during evolution of characteristics that significantly increase the level of organization of living organisms. Aromorphoses provide great advantages in the struggle for existence and open up the possibility of developing a new, previously inaccessible habitat.
ALEXEY NIKOLAEVICH SEVERTSOV (1866-1936) - domestic evolutionist. Author of studies on comparative anatomy of vertebrates. Created the theory of morphophysiological and biological progress and regression.
In the evolution of mammals, several major aromorphoses can be distinguished: the appearance of fur, viviparity, feeding the young with milk, the acquisition of a constant body temperature, the progressive development of the lungs, circulatory system and brain. The high general level of organization of mammals, achieved thanks to the listed aromorphic changes, allowed them to master all possible habitats and ultimately led to the emergence of higher primates and humans.
The formation of aromorphosis is a long process that occurs on the basis of hereditary variability and natural selection. Morphophysiological progress is the main path of evolution of the organic world. In the development of each major taxonomic group, aromorphoses can be found, as you will learn about in the following material.
Idioadaptation. In addition to such a major transformation as aromorphosis, during the evolution of individual groups a large number of small adaptations to certain environmental conditions arise. A. N. Severtsov called such adaptive changes idioadaptations.
Idioadaptations are adaptations of the living world to the environment, opening up for organisms the possibility of progressive development without a fundamental restructuring of their biological organization. An example of idioadaptation is the diversity of finch bird species described by Charles Darwin (Fig. 65). Different types of finches, having a similar level of organization, were, however, able to acquire properties that allowed them to occupy completely different places in nature. Some species of finches have mastered feeding on plant fruits, others - seeds, and others have become insectivores.
Rice. 65. Diversity of finches in the Galapagos Islands
Despite the fact that general degeneration leads to a significant simplification of organization, species following this path can increase their numbers and range, that is, move along the path of biological progress.
Correlation of directions of evolution. The paths of evolution of the organic world either combine with each other or replace each other. Moreover, aromorphoses occur much less frequently than idioadaptations, but it is aromorphoses that determine new stages in the development of the organic world. Having emerged through aromorphosis, new, higher-organized groups of organisms occupy a different habitat. Further, evolution follows the path of idioadaptation, and sometimes degeneration, which ensure that organisms become accustomed to a new habitat for them (Fig. 67).
Rice. 67. Scheme of relationships between aromorphosis, ideological adaptation and degeneration
So, let us list the general features of the evolutionary process. First of all, this is the emergence of the fitness of organisms, that is, their compliance with living conditions and the ability to change as these conditions change. Natural selection of hereditary changes in natural populations is the most important cause of fitness.
Another important characteristic of the evolutionary process is speciation, i.e., the constant emergence of new species. Over the course of evolution, there have been tens and perhaps hundreds of millions of species of living organisms on Earth.
And finally, the third integral property of the evolutionary process is the constant complication of life from primitive precellular forms up to humans.
- Explain the terms: biological progress, biological regression, aromorphosis, idioadaptation.
- Can the concepts “biological regression” and “degeneration” be considered identical? Justify your answer.
- What is the evolutionary significance of aromorphosis and idioadaptation?
Ministry of General and Professional Education of the Sverdlovsk Region
State Autonomous Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Institute for Educational Development" of the Sverdlovsk Region
Department of Science and Mathematics Education
Test project on the topic “Birds”
( VM “Final certification of students in the form of the OGE and the Unified State Exam in natural science subjects (biology)” (108 hours))
Shumkova Tatyana
Petrovna
MAOU Secondary School No. 184 “New School”
Ekaterinburg 2014
Test project on the topic “Birds” for 7th grade students in the OGE format
Educational material on the topic “Birds” is discussed in two lessons as part of the course “Diversity of Living Organisms”. At the same time, questions on this topic are found in all three parts of the exam paper of the Unified State Examination and the Unified State Examination. The purpose of the test is to assess the level of general educational preparation on the topic “Birds” for the 7th grade course and as part of the preparation for the final certification of graduates.
Purpose This work is to develop a test paper on the topic “Birds” in two versions.
The test work can be used to prepare for the OGE.
Tasks project work:
Planned result:
Creation of a test paper on the topic “Birds” in two versions in OGE format
Own professional development
Improving the quality of training for 7th grade students on the topic “Birds”
Object research is biological education at the second stage of education.
Subject research is the quality of biological education at the level of basic general education.
Verification work
Goal of the work: using the compiled work, check the level of students’ assimilation of knowledge and the development of skills in the amount established by the requirements of the State Standards for the course of basic general education on the topic “Birds”.
Topic Codifier
| Section code | Controlled element code | ||
| Biology as a science |
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| Methods for studying birds |
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| External structure of birds. |
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| Coverings of the body |
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| Internal structure of birds. |
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| Musculoskeletal system. Respiratory system. |
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| Circulatory system. |
|||
| Digestive system |
|||
| Reproduction and development |
|||
| Features of reproduction and development |
|||
| Origin. Adaptation to the environment |
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| Origin of birds |
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| Adaptation to the environment |
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| Features of the progressive organization of birds |
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Verification work
Birds
INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS
number
Attention!
We wish you success!
Option 1
A1. The science of birds is called
poultry farming
ornithology
cynology
ichthyology
A2. Bird skin
thin, dry, all covered with horny formations
thin, dry, devoid of glands (only coccygeal), all covered with feathers
thin, dry, there is one coccygeal gland, there are areas on the body that are devoid of feathers
penetrated by numerous glands that secrete mucus
A3. Nocturnal birds of prey have
good eyesight and developed flight feathers
soft and loose plumage and good hearing
weakly feathered front of head and neck
small size and excellent hearing
A4. If oil or fuel oil gets on the feathers of waterfowl, then
plumage properties will remain virtually unchanged
the feathers will stick to the body, and it will take on a more streamlined shape
the number of birds increases, since such birds will not be eaten by predators
feathers will stick together, water will easily penetrate the skin, and the birds will die from chilling
A5. Which bird has the most developed muscular section of the stomach:
at the black grouse
Ulna: forearm=tarsus: __________
IN 1. Establish a correspondence between the features of the circulatory system and the classes of animals. Enter your answer in the table.
| Features of the circulatory system | Animal classes |
| 1. There is venous blood in the heart | A. Bony fish |
| 2. The heart has four chambers | |
| 3. Venous blood from the heart flows to the lungs | |
| 4. Two circles of blood circulation | |
| 5. The heart has two chambers | |
| 6. One circle of blood circulation |
AT 2. Choose several correct answers. Write the answer as a sequence of letters.
Significant evolutionary, progressive acquisitions of birds are:
Lightness and strength of the skeleton
Metabolic rate
Mixed blood in the heart
Bone skull
Beak without teeth
The brain has five sections
AT 3. Establish the sequence of subordination of relevant terms to systematic categories. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers in your answer.
view ________________
genus _________________
family ___________________
squad ________________
Class _________________
type ___________________
Common hoopoe
Chordata
Hoopioformes
Hoopodae
Why is bird breeding considered superior to reptile breeding?
Verification work
Birds
INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS
You are given 20 minutes to complete the test on the topic. The work consists of 3 parts, including 10 tasks.
Part 1 contains 6 tasks (A1 – A6). For each task there are 4 possible answers, of which only one is correct. When completing tasks in Part 1, transfer number the selected answer in the form. If you wrote the wrong number, cross it out and write the number of the correct answer next to it.
Part 2 includes 3 short answer tasks (Q1 – Q3). For tasks in Part 2, the answer in the form of a sequence of numbers is written down on the form. Use a separate cell for each number. If you write down an incorrect answer, cross it out and write a new one next to it.
Part 3 contains 1 task C1, to which you should give a detailed answer. The task is completed on the answer sheet.
We advise you to complete the tasks in the order in which they are given. To save time, skip a task that cannot be completed immediately and move on to the next one. If you have time left after completing all the work, you can return to the missed tasks.
For each correct answer, depending on the complexity of the task, one or more points are given. The points you receive for all completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the maximum possible number of points.
Attention! During the test, students are not allowed to use additional materials.
We wish you success!
Option 2
A1. The structure of Archeopteryx has been studied by science
taxonomy
paleontology
physiology
arachnology
A2. The part of the feather immersed in the skin is called
A3. The structural feature of the ostrich is
maintaining the skeletal structure of flying birds
the barbs of the feathers are interlocked with each other, making the feather almost impenetrable to air
well developed pectoral and leg muscles
sternum flat without keel
A4. If a lot of washing powder gets into the water, then waterfowl
feathers will become cleaner and lighter
plumage properties will remain virtually unchanged
the fat on the feathers will dissolve, the water will begin to quickly wet them
feathers, when exposed to powder, form a dense waterproof layer
A5. Rapid digestion of food is an adaptation to:
need to store food all the time
nature of food
feeding the young
A6. There is a certain connection between the first and second concepts. Find a similar connection between the third and one of the 4 given concepts.
Lower limbs: tarsus = air sacs: __________
gas exchange
respiratory system
high metabolic rate
excretory system
IN 1. Establish a correspondence between the character of Archeopteryx and the class of vertebrates to which this character indicates a relationship
| Signs of Archeopteryx | Vertebrate classes |
| 1. The tail is elongated, consisting of 20 vertebrae | |
| 2. Body covered with feathers | B. Reptiles |
| 3. Bones are not filled with air | |
| 4. The forelimbs are modified into wings | |
| 5. There are four toes on the feet: three pointing forward, one pointing back | |
| 6. Jaws with small teeth |
AT 2. Choose several correct answers. Write the answer as a sequence of letters. Bird brains are different from amphibian brains
presence of medulla oblongata
enlargement of the forebrain hemispheres
reduction of the forebrain
greater development of the midbrain
presence of the diencephalon
better development of the cerebellum
AT 3. Establish the sequence of stages in the evolution of the circulatory system of chordates. Write the answer as a sequence of letters.
Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of unpaired atria and ventricles, developed from only the branchial vessels
Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and a ventricle separated by an incomplete septum
Closed circulatory system without a heart
Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and ventricles separated by a complete septum
Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and an unpaired ventricle, the appearance of pulmonary vessels
Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and an unpaired ventricle, the appearance of pulmonary arteries
C1. Give a detailed answer to the question posed.
A sparrow eats an amount of food per day equal to approximately 80% of its own weight. Why does he eat so much?
TEST ANSWER FORM
Student’s FI ______________________Class ______Option_____
Maximum score for completing tasks:
Part A – 1 point (total 6 points);
Part B – 2 points (total 6 points);
Part C – 3 points.
Total – 15 points
14 – 15 points – “excellent”;
11 – 13 points – “good”;
8 – 10 points – “satisfactory”.
Total number of points scored ____________Score_______
Signature of the inspector_________________
Answers
Option 1
Part C. C1.
| Response Elements 1. Birds have developed the construction of protected nests and incubation of eggs 2. Feeding and training of the brood 3. Group protection of chicks | |
| Wrong answer |
Option 2
Part C. C1.
| (other wording of the answer is allowed that does not distort its meaning) | |
| Response Elements 1. Sparrows are small birds 2. In order for metabolism to be sufficiently effective, it must be very fast. To do this you need to eat a lot. 3. The smaller the bird, the more often and more it eats. | |
| The answer includes all the above elements and does not contain biological errors | |
| The answer includes 2 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 3 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors | |
| The answer includes 1 of the above elements and does not contain biological errors, OR the answer includes 2 of the above elements, but contains minor biological errors | |
| Wrong answer |
| Job No. | Code by codifier | Subject skills | Levels of activity | Quality of knowledge acquisition |
| OPTION 1 |
||||
| call | in a familiar situation | strength |
||
| explain | in a familiar situation | strength, flexibility |
||
| analyze | in a familiar situation | strength |
||
| explain | in the modified situations | strength, flexibility |
||
| analyze | in a familiar situation | strength |
||
| analyze | in a changed situation | awareness |
||
| establish compliance | in a changed situation | strength, depth |
||
| characterize | in a changed situation | |||
| in a changed situation | flexibility |
|||
| in a new situation | logic, depth, flexibility |
|||
Characteristics of the test work “Birds”
| Job No. | Code by codifier | Subject skills | Levels of activity | Quality of knowledge acquisition |
| OPTION 2 |
||||
| call | in a familiar situation | strength |
||
| explain | in a familiar situation | strength, flexibility |
||
| analyze | in a familiar situation | strength |
||
| explain | in the modified situations | strength, flexibility |
||
| analyze | in a familiar situation | strength |
||
| analyze | in a changed situation | awareness |
||
| establish compliance | in a changed situation | strength, depth |
||
| characterize | in a changed situation | |||
| establish logical sequence | in a changed situation | flexibility |
||
| analyze, identify | in a new situation | logic, depth, flexibility |
||
Bibliography
Kirilenko A.A., Kolesnikov S.I. Biology. 9th grade. Thematic tests to prepare for GIA-9. Basic, advanced, high levels. – Ed. 3rd, additional -Rostov n/d: Legion, 2012
Lerner I. G. GIA 2009. Biology. Collection of tasks. M.: Eksmo 2009
Lerner I. G. Biology. Animals. Test tasks for basic textbooks for grades 7-8. (ABC. All levels of the Unified State Examination). M.: Eksmo, 2008
Rokhlov V.S., Lerner G.I., Teremov A.V., Trofimov S.B. 9th grade. GIA. Biology. Thematic training tasks. 2009. M.: Eksmo 2009
Sukhorukova L.N., Kuchmenko V.S., Kolesnikova I.Ya. Biology: diversity of living organisms: textbook for 7th grade of educational institutions - M.: Education, 2008
Conclusion
When working on this project, the following tasks were solved:
Study regulatory documents and educational and methodological literature that define the requirements for the level of mastery of educational material on the topic “Birds”;
Create a test work codifier on the topic “Birds”;
Develop two versions of the test work in the OGE format;
Write a description of this work.
The planned result was partially achieved
A test paper on the topic “Birds” has been created in two versions in OGE format
In the course of independent work on the project, advanced training was achieved.
In the near future, when studying the topic “Birds,” it is necessary to use a test in order to improve the quality of preparation of 7th grade students on this topic.
Homework for 5/6/17. Test "Birds"
Option 1
A1. The science of birds is called
1. poultry farming
2. ornithology
3. cynology
4. ichthyology
A2. Bird skin
1. thin, dry, completely covered with horny formations
2. thin, dry, devoid of glands (only the coccygeal), all covered with feathers
3. thin, dry, there is one coccygeal gland, there are areas on the body that are devoid of feathers
4. penetrated by numerous glands that secrete mucus
A3. Nocturnal birds of prey have
1. good eyesight and developed flight feathers
2. soft and loose plumage and good hearing
3. weakly feathered front part of the head and neck
4. small size and excellent hearing
A4. If oil or fuel oil gets on the feathers of waterfowl, then
1. plumage properties will remain virtually unchanged
2. the feathers will stick to the body, and it will take on a more streamlined shape
3. the number of birds increases, since such birds will not be eaten by predators
4. feathers will stick together, water will easily penetrate the skin, and the birds will die from chilling
A5. Which bird has the most developed muscular section of the stomach:
1. at the black grouse
2. at the eagle
3. at the woodpecker
4. at the tit
Ulna: forearm=tarsus: __________
1. shin
2. brush
3. foot
4. thigh
Part B
IN 1. Establish a correspondence between the features of the circulatory system and the classes
animals. Enter your answer in the table.
Features of the circulatory system
Animal classes
1. There is venous blood in the heart
A. Bony fish
2. The heart has four chambers
3. Venous blood from the heart flows to
easy
4. Two circles of blood circulation
5. The heart has two chambers
6. One circle of blood circulation
Significant evolutionary, progressive acquisitions of birds are:
1. Lightness and strength of the skeleton
2. Metabolic rate
3. Mixed blood in the heart
4. Bony skull
5. Beak without teeth
6. The brain has five sections
AT 3.
Install
subsequence
subordination
relevant
terms
systematic categories. Write down the corresponding sequence of numbers in your answer.
1. view ________________
2. gender _________________
3. family ___________________
4. squad ________________
5th grade _________________
6. type ___________________
1. Common hoopoe
2. Chordates
3. Hoopioformes
4. Udopoids
5. Hoopoe
6. Birds
Part C
Why is bird breeding considered superior to reptile breeding?
Option 2
A1. The structure of Archeopteryx has been studied by science
1. taxonomy
2. paleontology
3. physiology
4. arachnology
A2. The part of the feather immersed in the skin is called
1. trunk
2. fan
3. start
4. beards
A3. The structural feature of the ostrich is
1. preservation of the skeletal structure like that of flying birds
2. The barbs of the feathers are interlocked with each other, making the feather almost impenetrable to air.
3. well developed pectoral muscles and leg muscles
4. sternum flat without keel
A4. If a lot of washing powder gets into the water, then waterfowl
1. feathers will become cleaner and lighter
2. plumage properties will remain virtually unchanged
3. the fat on the feathers will dissolve, the water will begin to quickly wet them
4. Feathers, when exposed to powder, form a dense waterproof layer
A5. Rapid digestion of food is an adaptation to:
1. nature of food
2. feeding the young
3. flight
4. the need to store food all the time
A6. There is a certain connection between the first and second concepts. Find a similar one
connection between the third and one of the 4 given concepts.
Lower limbs: tarsus = air sacs: __________
1. gas exchange
2. respiratory system
3. high metabolic rate
4. excretory system
Part B
IN 1. Establish a correspondence between the character of Archeopteryx and the class of vertebrates, on
the relationship with which this feature indicates
Signs of Archeopteryx
Vertebrate classes
1. The tail is elongated, consisting of 20
vertebrae
2. Body covered with feathers
B. Reptiles
3. Bones are not filled with air
4. The forelimbs are modified to
wings
5. There are four toes on the feet: three are pointed
forward, one back
6. Jaws with small teeth
AT 2. Choose several correct answers. Write the answer as a sequence of letters.
Bird brains are different from amphibian brains
1. the presence of the medulla oblongata
2. enlargement of the forebrain hemispheres
3. reduction of the forebrain
4. greater development of the midbrain
5. presence of the diencephalon
6. better development of the cerebellum
AT 3. Establish the sequence of stages in the evolution of the circulatory system of chordates
animals. Write the answer as a sequence of letters.
1. Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of unpaired atria and
ventricles, developed from only branchial vessels
2. Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and
ventricles separated by an incomplete septum
3. Closed circulatory system without a heart
4. Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and
ventricles separated by a complete septum
5. Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and
azygos ventricle, appearance of pulmonary vessels
6. Closed circulatory system with a heart consisting of paired atria and
azygos ventricle, appearance of pulmonary arteries
Part C
C1. Give a detailed answer to the question posed.
A sparrow eats an amount of food per day equal to approximately 80% of its own weight. Why
does he eat that much?
TEST ANSWER FORM
Student’s FI ______________________________ Option 1
Option 2
A1
Total number of points scored ____________Score_______
