The verb to have in English language along with the verbs to be and to do, it plays one of the key roles in the construction of phrases and sentences in relation to all tenses used. Depending on the context in which the semantic turnover is used, and the meaning it can have is completely different.
Verb to have: basic meaning
As for the main use of this verb, so to speak, in its pure form, it is most often translated or defined as "to have" or "to possess."
In the simplest case, when the phrase is built in the singular or plural first and third person, it is used in the main form. For example, I (we, they, you) have a dog - "I (we, they, you) have a dog." However, for a third party singular and other forms are used to construct sentences indicating a past (accomplished) event.
Conjugation
In order to fully understand the specifics of the application, the verb has (had) as a derivative of the main indefinite form to have should be considered precisely in the context of conjugation using persons and tenses. The meaning of any phrase will depend on this.
The forms of the verb have (or more correctly - to have) are as follows.
Note that in relation to the pronoun you, the verb is used in the same form, but sometimes in English the pronoun itself can have the context of both “you” and “you” appeals. In the American language, everything is simpler in this regard. The fact is that it always uses the appeal to “you”, and even in the sense of using the verb to be (in this case, its form are).
For example, the phrase Are you sure? It can be translated both as "Are you sure?", And as "Are you sure (sure)?". The same is true with the verb to have.
Verb has (had): difference in usage
Based on the above system of conjugation of the main verb, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion about the use of some of its forms. As already clear, the English verbs has refer to the present tense of the third person (he, she, it), and the had form is a derivative for constructing past tense sentences for any person and number (this will be discussed separately).
Using the verb in the present tense
As already mentioned, the main form to have and its derivative ( English verb has in particular) in the present tense denote the possession of something (as shown in the example above).
The form changes from have to has only when changing person and number. That is, has is used exclusively in cases where the main pronoun is he, she, or it (third person singular). For example, She has a dog - "She has a dog." With this, everything is simple. However correct form verb has is the main verb to have (indefinite form).
Using the verb in the past tense
With the past tense, things are not so simple. The point here is that phrases may not be limited to using the special form had, and therefore the sentence may have a different meaning in terms of the period of time when a certain action occurred.
To make it clearer, consider two examples. For the first case, let's take the phrase I had a pen. It can be translated as "I had a pen" (once upon a time). But if you use two forms of the main verb in the sentence I have had a pen, the meaning changes dramatically. This expression can also be interpreted as "I had a pen", but the action has just ended. Roughly speaking, the pen was there a few moments ago, but now it is gone.
In addition, the verb to have can be used with other verbs, but all together indicates different time intervals of actions and their completeness. So, the phrase I have visited an exhibition can be translated as “I visited (visited) an exhibition” (just now). But when the sentence I have been visiting an exhibition is used (or with the abbreviation I've been - the forms of the verb have can also have such a form as abbreviated versions of to be in affirmative, interrogative or negative sentences), the interpretation implies that visiting the exhibition as ongoing action took place at the very moment in question.
If the sentence also contains a past tense verb, the meaning changes accordingly (I’ve been visited ... - “I was visited (by someone)”, “I was visited / visited”).
But participles may also be present, for example, I’ve been crying - “I cried / cried” at the very moment in question (literally - “I was / was crying / crying”).
By the way, often among Americans you can find the addition of the verb to get when constructing past tense phrases. In this case, the phrase I’ve got .. is almost equivalent to the usual sentence of the past tense, although it can be literally translated as “I received / received”, “Became / became the owner”, etc.
Building sentences in the future tense
The conjugation of the verb has, hopefully, is already clear, although by and large this is an absolutely incorrect formulation of the question, since it is not the verb has that is conjugated, but its main form to have. But let's move on to building sentences in the future tense. Here, too, there is a lot of interesting things. As a rule, to describe actions in the near future, that is, if something needs to be done right now, the verb to have can also be used, but in this case it means some kind of obligation. True, in Russian there is no pure analogue to such phrases. Let's explain with an example.
The phrase I have to go into Russian can literally be translated as "I have to go." Brad, right? To adjust in terms of the described obligation, the translation “I must leave” is used, which more clearly describes English phrase I must go. But a complete analogy in translation can be found in the same Ukrainian language, which in this respect is somewhat closer to European ones. In the literal version, the above phrase can be translated as "I may go", which means "I must (should) leave." At the same time, the action that needs to be performed now or at a certain period of time after voicing the intention is put into the meaning.
Inconsistencies between English and American: interrogative sentences
Let's leave the verb has (had) aside for now and look at some of the nuances that can be found in pure English and unified American languages. In terms of construction interrogative sentences, in English they must begin with a main verb denoting a specific action. In other words, it would be possible to ask the interlocutor if he has a dog with the help of the phrase Have you a dog?. From an English point of view, this is correct. But Americans often add the action verb to do to the seemingly basic verb to have, which performs leading role. Thus the question of the dog in American version looks like this: Do you have a dog?
In addition, very often you can find phrases like You have a dog?, And it is in the interrogative form. If translated this phrase, it can mean surprise “Oh, do you have a dog?”. The emphasis is either on the word "eat" or on the word "dog". In other words, the question implies the usual surprise at some fact. By the way, the classic rules for constructing sentences of any time or any level of complexity, in contrast to the inhabitants of old England with its well-established traditions, are simply ignored by Americans.
Conclusion
As you can see from the above, the verb has (had) is just one of the forms of the main verb to have. And its use, depending on the type of situation, can be completely different. But, I think, the main aspects on the simplest examples are already clear to most readers. By and large, the American language is easier for residents of non-English speaking countries, and English, not to mention the Scottish or Irish dialect, is simply impossible to learn without living in the UK with everyday communication.
One of the basic verbs in English is the verb to have.
To have is an amazing verb: it can be semantic, auxiliary and modal. There are many set expressions, idioms with the verb to have.
In general, you will not lose if you start learning English with the verb to have.
Let's try to study all the uses of the verb to have:
I. To have as a semantic verb
VI. to have got
VII. Phrasal verbs
I. To have as a semantic verb
Translated as:
* to have, to possess
I have a big house in Moscow.
* include, include, contain
December has 31 days (has - because 3rd person).
* have the ability to do smth. (often translated into Russian in this case, how to know, understand)
You have only a little English.
In this case, to have is static, i.e. cannot be continuous(ending -ing). The auxiliary verbs do (not) and does (not) are used to form the interrogative and negative forms.
I don't have a big house in Moscow.
Do you have a big house in Moscow.
In the third person, the verb to have has the form - has.
She/he has a big house in Moscow.
II. To have as a semantic verb in set expressions ("compound" verb)
To have breakfast/dinner - breakfast, lunch
To have a good time/holiday etc. - have a good time, relax, etc.
To have a quarrel- quarrel
To have a rest/a sleep/a dream etc. - relax, sleep, dream
To have a shave/a wash- shave, wash
To have a smoke- smoke
To have a talk- talk
To have a try- to attempt
To have a walk- take a walk
To have a bath/a shower- take a bath, shower
To have coffee/tea etc. - drink coffee, tea, etc.
To have a drink- regret
In this case, the verb to have is semantic and can have a long form.
Call later please. I'm having a bath.
What time are we having dinner tonight?
III. To have as an auxiliary verb
For the formation of all forms of perfect: simple, past, future, continuous
They have been married for 15 years.
How long has Anna been going out with James?
Have they been married for 15 years?
They have not been married for 15 years.
IV. To have as a modal verb
Has the form have to
Modal have verb to is used to express obligation, especially when it comes to rules, laws, etc.
The staffs have to dress formally in this company.
I didn't have to wear a uniform when I went to school.
Do we really have to spend Christmas with your parents again?
V. Turnover to have + object + Past Participle (V3/Ved)
This turnover is used when the action is performed not by the person indicated by the subject, but by someone else for him, for him (it will not necessarily be indicated by whom exactly).
I have my hair cut at this hairdresser's. I cut my hair (not myself, but they cut my hair) in this barbershop.
I shall have the letters posted immediately. I will send (order to send, have them sent) the letters immediately.
We're going to have the kitchen repainted next week.
I had my watch repaired yesterday.
I had my eyes tested when I got my new glasses.
The interrogative and negative forms are formed using the auxiliary verbs do (not) and does (not).
Where do you have your hair cut?
Did you have the letters posted yesterday?
I didn't have the letters posted yesterday.
VI. to have got
To have got is used colloquially to express possession. It is an auxiliary verb in the have/has got construction.
The interrogative form is formed by placing have/has at the beginning of the sentence, and the negative form is formed by adding the particle not to the auxiliary verbs have/has.
How many children have you got?
Have/has got refers to some specific, temporary occurrence.
Compare:
I have a cup of tea for breakfast in the morning (usually).
I haven't got tea for breakfast in the morning. I got coffee for breakfast in the morning.
Have/has got is not in the past tense, i.e. had got.
In colloquial speech, have got to can also be used as a modal verb. Also has connotation of temporality.
Compare:
I have to wear a suit to work (general).
I've got to make a quick phone call (specific).
I've got to go now - I'm meeting my girlfriend for lunch.
VII. Phrasal verbs
have back- invite in turn, in response
have down- accept as a guest
have in- to have in the house, to call a specialist at home
have off- learn by heart, have a day off, vacation
have on- to be dressed, to have smth. in the plans
have out- invite (to dinner, etc.), find out, let finish; remove (teeth, tonsils)
have over- invite, come to an end (something unpleasant)
have up- invite, summon to court, bring to court, etc.
Verb " to have"(own) in English is used in quite different situations and can be translated into Russian in different ways. In this article you will learn the main situations when this verb is used. You will also learn about the verb " have got", which also means "to own".
verb to have
- To have - the main verb used to indicate ownership (property) of something (not only material), the properties of something (or its characteristics), kinship or connection, for example, the quality of one thing in relation to another:
I have a cat. → U Eat me cat.
I have a lot of free time these days. → Now at Eat me) a lot of free time.Dmitry has a sister in France. → Dmitry there is sister in France.
He has three books by Hemingway. → He It has/U eat it three books by Hemingway.
She has fair hair. → She has blonde hair.
- Verb " to have" is also used to refer to a large number of actions, here are some of them (the main thing is to understand the meaning, not to be scared and think "how to translate this"):
have a bath, wash, shower, etc → take a bath (lie in it), do laundry, take a shower (under running water), etc.
have → have breakfast, lunch, dinner.have fun → have fun, "have fun".
have time available → have time for something.have questions → have a question.
have a party → have a party.have a walk, hike, ride, etc. → walking, hiking, riding, etc.
have a discussion, fight, argument, etc. → discuss, fight, approve...
Examples:
I usually have breakfast at seven o'clock. → Usually, I having breakfast at seven o'clock.
Anna is having a bath at the moment (time). → Anna now taking a bath.
- Used as . It is easy to identify by the design " have to". Here he expresses the requirement to perform some routine action (but not always). Often it is used by native speakers, as an action that carries a responsibility, duty .
This form " have"also has a similar meaning to the modal verb" must"- in a conversation about duties, native speakers prefer to use it (for example: I must talk to Peter. It’s important). "
Verb " must"used when they want to say about very serious for the speaker(or if it is customary to consider them as such) duties (for example: I must feed my family).
A few examples:
They have to work hard on Saturdays (routine for them). → On Saturdays they must Hard to work.
I have to return books to the school library. → I must return books to the school library.I must be rich (very important for the speaker). → I must to be rich.
I must defend my homeland. → I must defend your homeland.
verb have got
- verb "have got" more characteristic of British English. It also serves to indicate the possession (property) of something (not only material), the property of something (or its characteristics), kinship or connection. For instance:
He has got some friends in London. → He has some friends in London
Anna has got three sisters. → Anna has three sisters.
I have got a new car. → I have new car.
Americans also sometimes use " have got"but more often" got" or simply " (to) have" (consider it analogous/synonymous - it's easier that way).
I had a copy of that book. (). → I had copy of that book.
I have got a copy of that book. (). → I have copy of that book.
- The penultimate significant difference is the reduction. Verb " have" has no abbreviations, for example, you cannot say "I've a red bicycle" only "I have a red bicycle". have got"on the contrary, has abbreviations (in affirmation and negation):
I' ve got a red bicycle (I have got a red bicycle). → I have Red bicycle.
She hasn't got a dog (she has not got a dog). → She has no dog.
- And the last main difference, where confusion often arises, is the negative and interrogative constructions of these two verbs.
You can see these differences in the picture below. I'll just say " have got" does not need help (in this case, "do", because I remind you that "have got" is used in the present simple (Present Simple))
Verb to have in the main sense
- used to indicate the possession of something, the properties of something, kinship or connection, for example, the qualities of one thing in relation to another
I have a new car. I have a new car.
Katya has a sister. Her name is Evgeniya. Katya has a sister. Her name is Evgeniya.
She has dark hair. She has dark hair.
Verb to have as
- used to denote a large number of actions, they should be remembered. But do not be afraid and think “how to translate it”, in most cases it is enough just to catch the general meaning.
have breakfast, lunch, dinner- breakfast, lunch, dinner
have on- be dressed in
have a good time- have a good time
have a coffee- to drink coffee
Verb to have as
- used as modal verb. Here he expresses the requirement to perform some routine action, the need to perform an action due to circumstances. As a rule, it is easy to determine by design "have to"
They have to work lot on Saturdays. On Saturdays they have to work hard.
Verb have got
like the verb "have", it serves to indicate the possession of something, the property of something, kinship or connection. Verb " have got» is more typical of British English. In the American version of "have got", they often use " got" or just "(to) have"
He has got some friends in London. He has several friends in London.
It should be remembered!
The essential difference between the verbs "have" and "have got" is time in which they are used. The verb "have got" DOES NOT HAVE forms of the future and past tense, i.e. used only in the present. And accordingly, if it is necessary to use another time, the verb “have” is used!
Note
When using abbreviations, remember that the verb "have" has no abbreviations, for example, you cannot say "I've a red bicycle" only "I have a red bicycle". While, “have got”, on the contrary, has abbreviations (in affirmation and negation)
I've got a red bicycle (I have got a red bicycle) I have a red bicycle
When constructing interrogative and negative sentences, it should be remembered that the verb "have got" does not need an auxiliary verb.
I have got a new car. I have a new car
when using negation, particle not placed between have and got
I have not got a new car. I don't have a new car.
question
Have You got a new car? Do you have a new car?
The verb "to have" follows the same conjugation rules as the rest. And accordingly, it is also used with the auxiliary verb do, will, ..
I have a new car.
I had a new car. I had a new car.
I didn't have a new car. I didn't have a new car. I will have a new car.
Verb to have- to have, is the second most important in English, and second only to the verb to be. The fact is that the British and Americans say the word " have"much more often than Russians say the word "have".
For example, we say in Russian:
- I have a car.
- I have a car. - I have a car.
- There is a picture on the wall. - There is a picture on the wall.
And when we want to say that someone has something, we say "he has" - "he has"
- He has a picture- He has a picture.
In the first person and in the plural they say "have", and in the third person singular "has". As you can see, the verb has only two forms "to have" in present time: have and has. We say: I have - I have , translate: I have.
In colloquial speech in place have often say have got, literally got it, got it, started it. That is, instead of I have, they say: I have got. Instead of has they say has got. That is, instead of he has, they say: he has got. Moreover, in fluent speech from the word have only sound remains "ve, but from the word has one sound "s.
- I've got
- He's got
- She's got
- I have a question. - I "ve got a question.- I have a question.
- You have a car - You "ve got a car- Do you have a car.
- He has a hundred rubles - He "s got a hundred rubles- He has 100 rubles.
- She has a lot of friends - She "s got a lot of friends- She has a lot of friends.
- We have little time- We have little time.
- You have a lot of money- We have little time.
If something is missing, then put no before the noun.
- We have no money - We have not got any money- We do not have money.
- They have no questions- They don't have any questions.
- You have no computer - You have not got a computer- You don't have a computer.
- He has no friends- He has no friends.
- Do you have a car?- Do you have a car?
- Have you got a car?- Do you have a car?
- Has she got a computer?- Does she have a computer?
- Have you got a ticket?- Do you have a ticket?
- Have they got any children?- They have children?
- Have you got any time?- Do you have time? (any time)
- What have I got here?- What do I have here?
- What car has he got?- What kind of car does he have?
- How much time have you got?- How much time do you have?
How many?- Ask about what can be counted.
