This is the second part of the lesson on the difference between adjectives and participles. Wait, you haven't watched the first one yet?! Then I'll wait, here now there will be a link to the previous lesson, I can pause for now ..
Looked? Okay, now let's continue.
How else can you recognize that we have an adverb?
While adjectives can have an incredible variety of suffixes: ous (glamorous), ful (careful), y (heavy) and many, many more; then most adverbs are formed from the adjectives themselves using the LY suffix: glamorous - glamorously, careful - carefully (note that l is doubled for a reason, but because here one suffix (ful) ends in L, and the other (ly) in L begins, heavy - heavy (usually when adding a suffix, y is replaced by i)
Do not forget also that good is an exception, and the adverb “good” will be “well”
But even here it is not so simple, unfortunately. Some words that end in ly are adjectives, for example:
Friendly, lovely, lonely, silly.
What to do? Check the dictionary - it will not let you down.
We also need to remember that with the verbs to be /look to look/feel to feel/sound to sound /taste to taste, when they are used in their direct meaning, we use the adjective and its place after the verb - be/look/feel/sound/ taste+adjective.
She beautiful looked - She looked beautiful.
In Russian, we use the adverb in such cases! Be careful, the rules of the English language require an adjective.
I am good - I'm good / I'm fine.
That sounds great! - That sounds great!
That's not all. There are three exceptions where many, many people make mistakes:
Late-hard-fast
These three words are both adverbs and adjectives. They don't change shape. That is, you can understand what we are dealing with by their position in the sentence:
She came late - She came late. After the verb, there is an adverb.
Excuse my late arrival. “Excuse my late arrival. – before a noun late is an adjective.
He is a fast (adj) driver
He drives fast (adv.). he drives fast
My mom is a hard (adj) worker
My mom works hard (adv.). my mom works hard
You can add the suffix LY to the words late and hard and get adverbs, but then their meaning will be different:
lately - lately
I have been getting tired a lot lately - I've been getting very tired lately.
That's all for today. Let's recap what we've been through today.
1. Adjectives and participles have their own suffixes, by which you can guess which part of speech is in front of you. But don't rely on suffixes alone! They can also let you down, as with the words friendly, lovely, lonely and silly, which are adjectives.
2. After the verbs be/look/feel/sound/taste, when they are used in their basic meaning, we use an adjective.
3. Late-hard-fast is both adjectives and adverbs, depending on the place in the sentence, adverbs lately and hardly have other meanings.
An adjective is easy to recognize in a sentence by how it affects the noun, changing its properties. For instance:
“He bought a shirt.” The word shirt (shirt) is a noun, but it is not clear what kind of shirt it is. All we know is that someone bought the shirt.
“He bought a beautiful shirt.” In this example, the adjective beautiful (beautiful) appears, which changes the noun shirt, from which it becomes clear which shirt the person bought.
It is not difficult to recognize an adjective in a sentence - it, as a rule, answers the questions “Which?”, “Which?”, “Which one?”.
For instance:
“The kind woman gave us a tasty cake.” What woman? Kind (kind). What pie? Tasty (delicious).
“The small boy is playing with a new toy.” The adjectives small (small) and new (new) tell us which boy and which toy it is.
So, the main thing to remember is the questions that the adjective answers in English:- Which?
- Which the?
- Which one?
Adverb
If adjectives affect nouns by changing their properties, then adverbs affect verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. You can easily find an adverb in a sentence by the -ly suffix, because most adverbs in English are formed just by adding it to an adjective. It is important to remember that the adverb answers the question "how?" or "how much?". Let's look at examples:
“The couple danced gracefully.” (The couple danced gracefully.) The adverb gracefully (gracefully) affects the verb to dance (to dance), as a result of which it becomes clear exactly how the couple danced.
“That man is very strong.” (That man is very strong.) In this sentence, the adverb very (very) affects the adjective strong (strong) and shows how and how strong the man is. Let's check by asking the question "how much?": "How strong is he? He is very strong." (How strong is he? He is very strong.)
“It was an extremely important meeting.” (It was an extremely important meeting.) The adverb extremely changes the adjective important. We ask the question "how much": "How important was it? Extremely important." (How important was it? Extremely important.) Now it is clear that the meeting was extremely important.
“She smiled amazingly.” (She smiled an amazing smile.) Here the adverb amazingly (surprisingly) affects the verb smile, and tells us how the girl smiled.
So, remember the main rule - the adverb most often answers the question "how?". At the same time, it can also answer the questions “when?”, “Where?” and why?".
Additional rules
In English, adjectives usually precede the noun they refer to. However, if one of the following verbs follows in the sentence, the adjective will be placed after its noun.
- to be
- to feel
- to taste
- to smell
- to sound
- to look
- to appear
- to seem
Consider examples:
“The sky is blue.” (The sky is blue.) The adjective blue refers to the noun sky, but comes after the verb is in a sentence, which is a form of the verb be.
“Diana looks happy.” (Diana looks happy.) The adjective happy also comes after the noun Diana.
“The music sounds loud.” (The music sounds loud.) The adjective loud (loud) follows the sentence after the noun music.
“The juice smells great.” (The juice smells great.) Once again, we see the noun juice first, and then the dependent adjective great.
Avoiding Common Mistakes
There are adjectives and adverbs in English that are difficult to distinguish by spelling. It is even more difficult to understand the difference in their use. Let's clarify these situations.
1. Adjective bad or adverb badly?
When you want to talk about your feelings or sensations, you should use the adjective bad. So when you feel bad or unwell, you will say “I feel bad”. However, if you say "I feel badly", it will mean that you feel dull, as if your hands were numb. Compare these examples:
“The horse smells badly.” Here the adverb badly means that the horse has a bad sense of smell, a poor ability to smell in general.
“The cat smells bad.” Thanks to the adjective bad, the sentence is no longer about smell, but about the fact that the cat is dirty, smells bad and needs to be bathed.
Note: In English there is also an expression "I feel badly". It is used when you need to apologize, to express regret. Imagine that you came to visit a friend and accidentally broke his favorite vase. Then you will say: “I feel really badly about the vase” (I feel really bad about the vase).
2. Adjective good or adverb well?
It is easy to remember a simple rule that applies to English grammar - the adjective good should be used with the following verbs denoting feelings and states: feel, look, smell, be. While the adverb well is combined with the verbs live, do. Compare:
“I do well.” Use the adverb well to say that you are doing well and doing well.
“My grandmother looks good.” The adjective good says that the grandmother looks good, and not that the grandmother has good eyesight.
“My cat smells pretty good now.” Again, the adjective good does not mean that the cat has a good sense of smell, but that the cat itself smells good, like after bathing.
Note: In English colloquial speech with verbs of feelings and states, the use of the adverb well in such expressions as “I feel well” is allowed. This is due to the fact that many people confuse the adjective good and the adverb well in conversation. However, when it comes to action verbs, only the adverb well should be used. For instance:
“He plays football well.” (He is good at football.)
“The whole class did well on the exam.” (The whole class did well on the exam.)
3. Adjective sure or adverb surely?
Sure is an adjective and surely an adverb. Compare:
“She is sure about the decision.” (She is confident in her decision.) The adjective sure tells us that she is confident in herself, characterizing her condition.
“The soldiers were marching for sure.” (The soldiers marched confidently.) The adverb surely shows exactly how the soldiers marched.
How is an adverb different from a short adjective? and got the best answer
Answer from Olga Savenkova[guru]
If very briefly, then a short adjective answers the question: "what?" and denotes a sign of an object (For example, beautiful, smart, cute; "what is it?" beautiful, smart, cute; "what is it?" beautiful; "what are?" beautiful, smart, cute)
And the adverb answers the question "how?" And most often denotes a sign of action (For example, sing (how?) Good), but can also refer to an adjective ((how?) dazzling white), gerund (raising (how?) up ), sometimes to a noun (step (where? what?) back)
To distinguish a short adjective from an adverb, you need to look at the word to which the kr refers. adj. or adverb, and ask from it a question to the doubtful. The adverb will not answer the questions "what? what? what? what? what are?" (For example, the field "what is?" adverb, it cannot be converted into a full adjective).
Answer from Yergey Antonov[active]
the word doesn't change...
Answer from [Tonechka][guru]
the adverb does not answer the questions what is what what is
adverb answers the question how, denotes a sign of action
Answer from 2 answers[guru]
Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: how is an adverb different from a short adjective?
Many English adverbs have the -ly suffix. To form an adverb, we add -ly to the adjective (slow - slowly, loud - loudly).
But there are also words in English that, although they end in -ly, are not adverbs. These are words like friendly, likely, lonely, lovely, silly, ugly and some others. Despite the -ly at the end, they are all - adjectives and describe nouns:
He is a friendly person. - He is a friendly person.
The flowers are lovely. - The flowers are cute.
His question was silly. - His question was stupid.
My grandmother is a lively person. - My grandmother is an energetic person.
If you need to use these words as adverbs to describe actions, then adding another -ly to these adjectives is not possible.
You must use the in a ... way/manner construct:
She smiled in a friendly way. She smiled kindly.
The child was dressed in a lovely manner. - The child was dressed very cute.
He giggled in a silly way. - He giggled very stupidly.
They talked in a lively manner. - They had a lively conversation.
Words like daily, weekly, monthly, yearly can be both adverbs and adjectives:
This newspaper comes out daily. This newspaper comes out daily. (Adverb)
My father is reading a daily newspaper. - My father reads a daily newspaper. (Adjective)
We pay for rent monthly. - We pay rent monthly. (Adverb)
They are waiting for our monthly payment. - They are waiting for our monthly payment. (Adjective)
We hold our meetings weekly. - We hold our meetings weekly. (Adverb)
Our weekly meeting is put off. - Our weekly meeting has been postponed. (Adjective)
The conference takes place yearly.- The conference is held annually. (Adverb)
We invited Mr. Black for our yearly conference. - We invited Mr. Black to our annual conference. (Adjective)
But this is not the only difficulty in distinguishing between adverbs and adjectives. The fact is that there are a number of adverbs that have the same form with adjectives and are similar in meaning. But some adverbs and adjectives, although they have the same form, are completely different in meaning.
Adjectives and adverbs that have the same form and are similar in meaning:
|
Adjective |
Adverb |
|
|
Clean: The surface should be clean. - The surface must be clean. |
Clean: The kitchen must be clean washed. - The kitchen needs to be thoroughly cleaned. Completely, completely, absolutely, completely, completely: The words have gone clean out of my head. The words completely flew out of my head. |
|
|
Mdead: The man was dead. - The man was dead. |
Completely, wholly, wholly: I am dead certain that he is guilty. I'm pretty sure he's to blame. Exactly, exactly: We arrived dead on time. - We arrived right on time. |
|
|
Fast, strong, persistent: My car is very fast. - My car is very fast. This paint is fast. - It's a durable paint. |
Fast, strong He always drives too fast. - He always drives very fast. They were fast asleep. - They were sound asleep. |
|
|
small, small, few: A little bird landed on the bench. - The little bird sat on the bench. She had little money. - She didn't have much money. |
Few, to a small extent: I wrote little of what she explained. I wrote down some of what she explained. |
|
|
Long, long: Thelecturewaslongandboring. - The lecture was long and boring. |
For a long time: I waited for you so long. - I AMSofor a long timeyouwaited. |
|
|
Abundant, in large volume (many): There is much light in this room. - There is a lot of light in this room. |
Very: I like swimming very much. - I really like to swim. |
|
|
Good, in good condition, healthy: She was ill last week but she is well now. She was sick last week, but now she is well. |
Good: He can sing very well. - He sings very well. |
How to distinguish an adverb from an adjective? An adjective always refers to a noun and describes its attribute. Most often, adjectives come before nouns in a sentence (a fast car), or are connected by a linking verb to be:
I want to buy a fast car. - I want to buy a fast car.
My car is very fast. - My car is very fast.
Adverbs, on the other hand, describe the verb (action) and most often come after the verb in the sentence:
He drives very fast. - He drives very fast.
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What is an adverb as a part of speech? What questions does the adverb answer? How is an adverb different from other parts of speech? Examples of adverbs.
"Great and mighty is the Russian language" - we all know about this since school board. Perhaps that is why learning this great language is sometimes so difficult for us. What are all his parts of speech worth? This material will be devoted to one of them.
What is an adverb in Russian, what questions does an adverb answer?
The adverb is independent part speeches of the Russian language. In addition to the fact that this part of speech is considered independent, it is also unchangeable. Often, adverbs in a sentence are tied to a verb or gerund, less often to a noun, adjective, or other adverb.
In Russian, adverbs can answer many questions, such as:
- Where? Where?
- How? How?
- When? How long?
- How much?
- Why?
- What for? For what?
Depending on what questions adverbs answer, they are divided into adverbial and attributive.
Adverbs of circumstance include:
- Adverbs of Time - When? How long? Since what time? (for a long time, for a long time, for a long time).
- Adverbs of place - Where? Where? Where? (far, everywhere).
- Adverbs of Reason - Why? For what reason? (that's why I'm blind).
- Adverbs of purpose - Why? For what? (intentionally, mocking).
Defining adverbs include:
- Adverbs of measure and degree - To what extent? How much? How many? (excessive, plenty, very much).
- Adverbs of manner and mode of action - How is the action performed? How? (spring-like, quiet).
- Qualitative adverbs - What are the properties or features of the action? (easy to run, cry quietly).
How is the adverb emphasized in the sentence?
- It is necessary to underline the adverb in the sentence, based on its meaning. The fact is that sometimes an adverb can act as a definition, sometimes as a circumstance, and sometimes as a subject, a predicate.
- If the adverb in the sentence serves as a circumstance, then it must be underlined by a dot with a dash - "After reading the letter, Anna Ivanovna burst into tears."
- If an adverb in a sentence is an inconsistent definition, then it should be underlined with a wavy line - “English breakfast” or “HARD-BOILED egg”.
- If the adverb in the sentence acts as a predicate, it is underlined with two lines - “He is MARRIED”.
- If an adverb in a sentence serves as a noun, it must be underlined with one straight line - "Our TODAY worries everyone."
How to define an adverb: grammatical and morphological features of an adverb
- The adverb has no gender.
- The adverb has no number.
- The adverb has no case.
- The adverb does not decline.
- The adverb does not hide.
- Adverbs have no endings.
- Qualitative adverbs ending in -е or -о, and formed from qualitative adjectives, have degrees of comparison.
- Adverbs often depend on verbs, adjectives or other adverbs and form phrases with them.
- Adverbs are signs of action, signs or other objects.
- In a sentence, the adverb most often acts as a circumstance.
Does the adverb denote a sign of an action or an object?
Adverbs most often designate a sign of an action or a sign of another sign, and only occasionally - a sign of an object. Examples:
- A sign of action is to jump high, sleep badly.
- The sign of another sign is absolutely absurd, so stupid.
- A sign of the subject is life apart, reserves for the future.
How is an adverb different from an adjective?
- An adverb is an invariable part of speech, while an adjective is an inflected part.
- An adverb is a sign of an action, state or other sign, and an adjective is only a sign of an object.
- Often in a sentence, the adverb acts as a circumstance, and the adjective is only a definition.
- The adverb is directly related to the action, and the adjective is directly related to the subject.
- Adverbs do not have gender, number, case, but adjectives do.
- An adjective in a sentence can easily be omitted, but an adverb cannot.
How do adverbs differ from other parts of speech?
- Adverbs differ from conjunctions in that often adverbs are attached to other parts of speech (verbs, other adverbs, participles, nouns or numerals), and conjunctions are only a link between homogeneous members sentences, parts of a sentence or several sentences.
- The difference between adverbs and prepositions is that the former do not introduce the case form of the name.
- Adverbs differ from particles in that they do not obey nouns with a preposition, preceding them.
- The adverb does not have dependent and determined words (unlike nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns).
- An adverb can often be changed to another adverb that is similar in meaning.
What is an adverb: examples
In this subsection, we will consider examples of adverbs that display the degrees of comparison of this part of speech:
- Simple comparative degree - obtained by adding the suffix -ee, -ee, -e, -she: bold - fatter, fatter; soft - softer; little is less.
- Composite comparative degree - obtained by strengthening adverbs with the words more or less: funny - less funny; hard is more hard.
- Compound superlative - is formed by supplementing the original form of the adverb with the words most, least, or a simple comparative degree - with the words of everyone, everything: scary - the most (least) scary; cooler - cooler than all (everything).
Adverb as part of speech: Video
