Good afternoon dear friends!
You and I are extremely lucky. How many cases are there in Russian? As many as 6, and in English nouns do not decline, and pronouns have only four of them. And today we will talk about one of them. Read the article "Object pronouns in English language».
What it is
In its initial form, the case of personal pronouns is called Subject (subject). It is used in place of the subject. Object (object) in turn is used in many other cases, for example in place of an addition.
Here's an example in a sentence:
I haven't seen Jack this week (I haven't seen Jack this week). If we replace Jack, we get I haven't seen him this week. I - Subject, him - Object.
What do they look like? Many of them look like their original form, but some are different. I propose to compare them in the table. I do not offer you a translation of object into Russian, since it depends on the context. Repeated about the forms of the infinitive?
As you may have noticed, some forms are similar to possessives, such as her. See below for how to distinguish between them.
Learn to use them appropriately
Let's start with the fact that Subject is used only in place of the subject, and possessives are used only to indicate ownership: This is her bag (This is her bag). Remember my last one about the complex subject?
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And Object has several values:
- In place of the accusative case. Answers the question Who? What?
Jessica doesn't know them well (Jessica doesn't know them very well). - Corresponds to Russian Dative. Ask questions to whom? What?
Pete called us yesterday (Pete called us yesterday). - In short answers to questions.
Who left the door open? (Who left the door open?)
— Not me! (Not me!)
- I really enjoyed the film (I really liked the movie).
- Me too (Me too).
Examples of object pronouns in sentences
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I was with you, a philologist of the English language, Ekaterina Martynova.
I wish you all a good day!
Pronouns.
Ex. 1.1. Insert appropriate personal pronouns.
1. Ben is a little boy. … is six.
2. Jane is a house-wife ( housewife ). …is lazy( lazy ).
3. Max is a soldier. …is brave.
4. Lily is a young woman. … is very beautiful.
5. Alice is late. … is in a traffic jam ( in a traffic jam ).
6. Nick and Ann are far from Moscow. …are on a farm.
7. This is Ben "s room. ... is nice.
8. These are new books. … are interesting.
9. This is Elsa. …is a student.
10. Nick and Max are students. … are students of a Moscow university.
11. The rooms are small but … are light and warm.
12. The new flat is comfortable but … is far from the university.
13. Jack has many French books. … likes to read French very much.
14. Hans is a new student. … is German.
15. Alice and Jane are new secretaries. … are not lazy.
Ex. 1.2. Insert the appropriate personal pronouns in the suggested answers to the questions.
1. Is your house new? – Yes, … is.
2. Are the students at the English lesson now? - Yes, ... are.
3. Is your university in Green Street? – Yes, … is.
4. Are Helen and Bess your sisters? – Yes, … are.
5. Is Ben "s sister an engineer? - Yes, ... is.
6. Are the pencils red? – No, … are not.
7. Is this room comfortable? - No, ... isn't.
8. Are the textbooks on the shelf? - Yes, ... are.
9. Does the girl often visit the museum? - No, ... doesn't.
10. Does this pen write well? – Yes, ... does.
11. Is Ben on holiday now? - No, ... isn't.
12. Is Helen nice? - Yes, … is.
13. Are you an engineer? - Yes, … am.
Ex. 1.3. Replace the underlined words with personal pronouns in the objective case.
1. I likeNick .
2.We likeBess.
3. He likesice-cream .
4. Can you showthe pictures toBen ?
5. You can tellHelen my e-mail address.
6. Are you interested infootball ?
7. I want to buytwo bottles of milk forBess .
8. Do you want to play tennis withBen ?
9. We must speak toNick .
10. You should inviteHelen and Bess to your house for dinner.
11. Do you knowMary ?
12. TellNick aboutyour plan .
13. I seemy friends every day.
Ex. 1.4. Insert appropriate personal pronouns in the objective case.
1. Where is Nick? I want to play tennis with … .
2. Bess is here. Do you want to speak to …?
3. My sister speaks French. She learns … at school.
4. Look at that man. Do you know…?
5. Do you want to read this newspaper? I can give … to ….
6. If you see Ben and Bess, please, don't tell ... anything.
7. We want to phone Helen and invite … to the party.
Ex. 1.5. Replace the underlined words with personal pronouns in the nominative or object case.
1. The vase is on the table.
2. Mother often sendsBen to buy milk.
3. AreBess and Helen ready to dothe work ?
4. Nick and Ben spendtheir holidays at the seaside.
5. The man is in the park.
6. The managers are not at work now.
7 . Helen and I are good friends.
8.IsBen at the lesson now?
9. Where isthe calculator ?
10. The newspapers are on the table.
11. The child is in the garden withhis mother.
12. Our parents are always glad to see us.
13. My brother and I are good football players.
14. Bess knowsBen.
15. I seethe picture very well.
16. The students have lectures every day.
17. The boy playsfootball every Sunday.
18. The teacher asksthe students .
19. The students writetests every week.
20. Look atthe picture !
21. I havethe book at home.
22. Max want to speak toHelen.
Ex. 1.6. Replace the underlined words with possessive pronouns.
1. This isBen's room.
2. This isHelen's hat.
3.Here ismy parents" house.
4. Nick's mother is an economist.
5. Where ismy brother's bag?
6. I likeHelen's car.
7 . Ann's books are on the table.
8 This student's sister is my friend.
9. My sister's house is not far fromBen's house.
10. Where isthe children's room?
11. Ann's brothers study at the university.
12. These boys' fathers don't work at the factory.
13. Here ismy sister's flat.
upr . 1.7. Paste possessive pronouns .
1. Is your bag new? - Yes, … bag is new .
2. I like …hat, Ann.
3. Don "t plant this tree! ... branch is broken.
4. Max, you have a new job. Do you like … new job?
5. … friends always tell me everything.
6. Our dog likes to run after ... tail.
Ex. 1.8. Change the following sentences according to the model, using the absolute form of the possessive pronouns.
Sample :
This car is my car.
This car is mine.
1. This calculator is my calculator.
2. Is this bicycle your bicycle?
3. These hats are her hats.
4. This room is their room.
5. This dog is our dog.
6. My flat is more comfortable than your flat.
7. Our house is near their house.
8. Which of the dictionaries is your dictionary?
9. Is this book his book?
10. Whose cat is this? Is it her cat or his cat?
Ex. 1.9. Choose the appropriate possessive pronoun.
2. This is our car. It is (our, ours).
3. These are Mary's books. They are (her, hers).
4. White is (my, mine) favorite color.
5. You can "t have this book. It is not (your, yours).
6. (Her, Hers) house is big.
7. Is this (your, yours) coat? - No, it is not (my, mine).
8. Are these your friends" books? - Yes, they are (their, theirs).
9. That is (our, ours) house. It is (our, ours).
Ex. 1.1 0 . Change the sentences according to the model, using demonstrative pronouns in plural. Make other necessary changes.
Sample:
This girl is a student.
These girls are students.
That boy is brave.
Those boys are brave.
1. This book is French.
2. This girl is in the garden.
3. That map is old.
4. This student is from Great Britain.
5. That flower is beautiful.
6. This is my bag.
7. This is a French text.
8. That room is nice.
9. This film is interesting.
As you know, English speech is very different from Russian. What can be said in English, often cannot be said in Russian. Although in some ways these languages even have coincidences, oddly enough. But, of course, there are very few similarities in these two such different languages. Here, if for example, take pronouns in English. There are a large number of them and they all differ sharply in English, and in Russian they can sometimes have the same translation. Pronouns are generally a separate and very interesting topic. Pronouns are inseparable from foreign language. They are a large and necessary part of English speech. As in Russian, we cannot imagine any type of activity without them, so in English. If we delve a little into this topic, we can find a number of features that are not only interesting, but also useful. Among them are object pronouns. We all know them well. This is for me, for him, for them, etc. But this is the Russian version. In English it will sound like this - me, him, them. Now let's look at pronouns in a sentence.
He met them yesterday. He met them yesterday.
He saw them two minutes ago. He saw them two minutes ago.
In these two examples, we see discrepancies. On the English pronoun sounds “them” and is translated into Russian “im”, but in this case it will be translated “them”. This is the case mentioned above. Grammatically, these are absolutely correct sentences, but the translation in these statements has a deviation from the rules. Now the object case has been considered. In addition, there is also a possessive.
Give me my bag. Give me a bag.
Where is his watch? Where is his watch?
I have lost their ambrella. I lost their umbrella.
Is this your room? Is this your room?
I cannot find my brush. I can't find my comb.
He brought me his car. He sold me his car.
These are all examples of the possessive case of pronouns in English. We constantly use them both in Russian and in English speech. They are used in business communication, official, colloquial. These pronouns are universal. Their function is limitless in speech.
In general, there are very few possessive pronouns in English, so remembering them will not be a huge problem. However, they are very similar to the absolute form of possessive pronouns.
This is my book and that is his. This is my book and that one is his.
This is our table and that is theirs. This is our table, and that is theirs.
This is her room and that is hers. This is her room and that is hers.
This is his car and that is ours. This is his car and that one is ours.
This is our house and that is his. This is our car and that one is his.
These are examples of the absolute form of possessive pronouns. They are also few. However, you need to understand and understand them for fluent and correct speech.
We have analyzed the object case of the pronoun and their absolute form.
These pronouns are completely different and their use is different. But their importance in English speech is very large. They are all constantly used and applied. Of course, these are not the only pronouns in a foreign language. There is another row. For instance,
He drinks little water. He drinks little water.
He bought few books. He bought a few books.
Both of us know it. Both of us know this.
Nobody will come tomorrow. Nobody will come tomorrow.
It would seem that there is nothing simpler than pronouns: "I, you, he, she - together the whole country", "To you - yours, and to me - mine." But how do you say it in English? In today's article, we will look at the basic rules for using personal and possessive pronouns in English.
Personal pronouns in English
In English, the personal pronoun is used instead of a noun that we already know or have already mentioned. This avoids repetition in speech.
This is Jim. Jim is a policeman. Jim lives in New York. - This Jim. Jim policeman. Jim lives in New York.
Agree, too much Jim for three sentences. This is easy to fix if we combine the two sentences into one and replace the name Jim with the pronoun he (he).
This is Jim. He is a policeman and lives in New York. - This Jim. He police officer and lives in New York.
A personal pronoun can be:
- Subjective (subject pronoun)
This pronoun is used in a sentence instead of the subject and denotes the one who performs the action. Subject pronouns come before the verb and answer the questions “who?” and what?".
- Objective (object pronoun)
The pronoun is used in the sentence instead of the object, that is, the action is directed to it. Object pronouns come after the verb and answer the questions “who? / what?”, “to whom? / what?”, “who? / what?”, “by whom? / what?”, “about whom? / about what?".
Personal pronouns instead of subject
The table below shows personal pronouns that are used in English instead of the subject.
Now let's look at some of the features of these pronouns:
- Pronoun I
I is always capitalized.
I am a dreamer. - I AM dreamer.
Mom says I can do it. - Mom says that I am I can do it.If I in a sentence is next to another personal pronoun, then I is put in second place.
She and I are best friends. - We With her best friends.
He and I played tennis together. - We With him played tennis. - Pronouns he, she and it
The pronouns he and she are used for people. And to refer to inanimate objects, phenomena and animals, the pronoun it is used.
You know Jane. She is kind and modest. - You know Jane. She kind and humble.
Did you see the new building yesterday? It is big. - Did you see the new building yesterday? It big.And if you treat your pet like a family member, you can use he or she instead of it.
Your dog doesn't like me. It barks at me.
- My dog never barks at people. He's a good boy.
Your dog doesn't love me. He barks at me.
My dog never barks at people. He good boy.The pronoun it is also used in impersonal sentences(in which there is no character) to describe the weather, time, distance, etc.
It's a quarter to nine. - It's fifteen minutes to nine.
It's foggy outside. - It's foggy outside.
It's three kilometers between the villages. - The distance between the villages is three kilometers. - Pronoun you
You translates to "you", "you", or "you" depending on the context, but agrees with the plural verb.
You look good in this dress. - You you look good in this dress.
You all are beautiful. - You all are beautiful.
Mrs. Walmer, I think you will be a good nurse. - Mrs. Walmer, I think You be a good nurse.
Personal pronouns instead of object
In the table we give personal pronouns that are used instead of the object and are in the sentence after the verb.
| Personal pronouns | |
|---|---|
| Singular | Plural |
| me (me, me, me, about me) | us (us, us, us, about us) |
| you (you, you, you, about you) | you (you, you, you, about you) |
| him, her, it (his/her, him/her, him/her, about him/her) | them (them, them, them, about them) |
Let's look at examples:
He will help me tomorrow. - He will help to me tomorrow.
He told us the story. - He told US this story.
We also use these pronouns after the prepositions about (about), on (on), in (in), with (from), for (for) and others.
stay with us. - stay with us.
I am doing this for her. - I'm doing it for her.
You can fix the topic and take the tests in our articles “Personal pronouns of the English language" and "".
Possessive adjectives and pronouns in English
There are two possessive forms in English:
- Possessive adjectives
- Possessive pronouns
Both forms denote the belonging of something to someone and answer the question “whose? / Whose? / Whose? / Whose?”
Although this article focuses on pronouns, we will also look at adjectives so that you do not confuse them.
| Personal pronouns | Possessive adjectives | Possessive pronouns |
|---|---|---|
| I | my (my) | mine (mine) |
| he | his (his) | his (his) |
| she | her (her) | hers (her) |
| it | its (his/her) | its (his/her) |
| we | our (our) | ours (our) |
| you | your (your / yours) | yours (your / yours) |
| they | their (them) | theirs (theirs) |
So what is the difference between a possessive adjective and a pronoun? A possessive adjective in English always comes before a noun and characterizes it.
This is my cup. - This my cup.
His phone is on the table. - His phone lies on the table.
your music is annoying. - Your music annoys.
The possessive pronoun does not characterize the noun, but replaces the construction "possessive adjective + noun". Most often, such pronouns are at the end of a sentence.
Are those shoes mine? - those shoes my?
It's their dog, and that is ours. - This is their dog, and this is - our.
My dress is prettier than yours. - My dress is prettier your.
Her cake was better than theirs. - Her cake was tastier than their.
We can also use a possessive pronoun after a noun with the preposition of.
This is Ross. He is a friend of me my mine. - This is Ross. He my friend.
Also, possessive adjectives and pronouns have other features that should be remembered:
- In English, there is no pronoun corresponding to the Russian "own". Therefore, we translate it according to the context using possessive adjectives or pronouns.
I'll take my(possessive adjective) bag and you take yours(possessive pronoun). - I'll take my (mine) bag, and you take my (yours).
- The possessive adjective and possessive pronoun its are written without an apostrophe. If you meet it "s, then this is an abbreviated grammatical form: it's \u003d it + is.
The cat played with its(possessive adjective) toy. - The cat played with his toy.
- Formally, its exists as a possessive pronoun, but its use is avoided. It is used only with the pronoun own - its own (own, own).
Each district of the city has the charm of its own(possessive pronoun). - Each district of the city has your own Charm.
We have also collected for you personal and possessive pronouns English into one diagram for clarity. You can use it as a cheat sheet.
We invite you to watch a funny video from the animated series Looney Tunes. In this episode, you will see how desperately the drake Daffy Duck tries to get the hunter Elmer Fudd to shoot Bugs Bunny the rabbit. But Duffy has one problem - he gets confused in pronouns.
Try to pass small test on the use of personal and possessive pronouns in English.
Test on the topic "Personal and possessive pronouns in English"
We hope that our article helped you understand the features of the correct use of personal and possessive pronouns in English. If you want to work out the rules you have learned using examples that you understand, go to one of the.
Object pronouns in English are a kind of personal, but they are in a case called indirect. This category answers the questions: “Whom? What?" and many others depending on the prepositions.
Table of object pronouns
This group of pronouns can be presented in a more visual form, compared with personal ones, always standing in the nominative case.
| Personal places. | Object locations. | Sentence examples |
| I (I) | me (me) | Can you give that book to me? Can you give me that book? |
| you (you) | you (you) | I saw you in the supermarket yesterday. – I saw you in the supermarket yesterday. |
| he (he) | him (his) | I haven't met him fo ages. “I haven't seen him for a hundred years. |
| she (she) | her (her) | I gave her my old dress. I gave her my old dress. |
| it (it) | it (his) | I don't like that table. I won't buy it. I don't like that table. I won't buy it. |
| we (we) | us (us) | The Ivanovs invited us to their place. - The Ivanovs invited us to visit them. |
| you (you, you) | you (you, you) | I want you to help me with the luggage. I want you to help me with my luggage. |
| they (they) | them (them) | Ann asked them about her lost bike. Anna asked them about her lost bike. |
The pronoun it in the objective case, as well as in the nominative, refers to inanimate objects and animals whose gender is unknown or irrelevant: I have just seen a gray cat in the street. It looked like yours. I just saw a gray cat in the street. He looked like yours.
Object pronouns with prepositions
This group of personal places. It acts as an indirect object and is often used in combination with various prepositions.
| Prepositions | Examples |
| to | The postman gave a big box to her. The postman gave her a big box. |
| with | Our parents weren't always happy with us. Our parents were not always happy with us. |
| by | Do you see that football? The window at school was broken by it. Do you see that soccer ball? The window at the school was broken by him. |
| for | I will do anything for you, because we are good friends. "I'll do anything for you, because we're good friends." |
| about | "Titanic" was an enormous ship. I've read about her. The Titanic was a huge ship. I read about him. (In English, the word “ship” is feminine.) |
| from | Did you get any letters from them? Have you received any letters from them? |
| around | There were always a lot of beautiful young girls around him. There were always a lot of beautiful young girls next to him. |
| because of | My elder sister fell ill. Because of her we couldn't go to the cinema. “My older sister is sick. Because of her, we couldn't go to the movies. |
The object case of pronouns in English corresponds to the accusative, dative, instrumental, genitive and prepositional cases in Russian, depending on the pronouns and the situation in which these parts of speech are used.
What have we learned?
Object pronouns in English are a kind of personal. They can be used alone or after various prepositions. These pronouns answer the questions: “Who?”, “What”, “By whom?”, “What?”, “To whom?”, “What?” and many others.
