"regional center of patriotic education". Day of military glory of Russia September 21, Victory Day on the Kulikovo field

brought terrible disasters Tatar-Mongol yoke to Russian soil.

But in the second half of the XIV century. the disintegration of the Golden Horde began, where one of the senior emirs, Mamai, becomes the de facto ruler.

At the same time, Russia was in the process of forming a strong centralized state through the unification of Russian lands under the rule of the Moscow principality.

The strengthening of the Moscow principality alarmed Mamai. In 1378, he sent a strong army to Russia under the command of Murza Begich.

The army of Prince Dmitry Ivanovich of Moscow met the Horde on the Vozha River and completely defeated them.

Not far from the confluence of the Voronezh River with the Don, the Horde broke their camps, and, roaming, were waiting for news from Jagiello and Oleg.

Prince Dmitry decided to defeat the hordes of Mamai before the troops of Jagiello approached them, in order to prevent the enemy from invading deep into the Russian land.

On the morning of September 8 (21), after the fight between the Russian warrior monk A. Peresvet and the Mongol hero Chelubey, who fell dead from their horses pierced by spears, a fierce battle broke out. Personally, Dmitry Ivanovich fought in the forefront of his troops.

For three hours, Mamai's army (over 90 - 100 thousand people) unsuccessfully tried to break through the center and the right wing of the Russian rati (50 - 70 thousand people), which repelled the onslaught of the enemy. Then he attacked the left flank with all his might and began to push the Russian soldiers. Mamai brought his entire reserve into the planned breakthrough. And at that moment, the Ambush Regiment hit the rear of the enemy cavalry that had broken through. The enemy could not withstand the unexpected blow and began to retreat, and then fled.

Russian squads pursued him for 30 - 40 km. Mamai's army was completely defeated. Detachments of Jagiello, having learned about the victory of the Russians, quickly returned to Lithuania.

The battle on the Kulikovo field seriously undermined the military power of the Golden Horde and accelerated its subsequent collapse. It contributed to the further growth and strengthening of the Russian united state, raised the role of Moscow as the center of the unification.

Icon of Dmitry Donskoy

Grand Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy was canonized as a Saint in 1988 - in honor of the millennial anniversary of the baptism of Russia by his great ancestor, St. Vladimir the Baptist. St. Dmitry Donskoy entered the history of Russia as a successful successor to the unification of lands and principalities around the Moscow principality. In addition, the memory of the Battle of Kulikovo will forever remain in the history of the Russian state, where St. Dmitry Donskoy and his troops repulsed the troops of the Golden Horde, thereby marking the beginning of the liberation of Russia from the Tatar-Mongol yoke. On the icon of Prince Dmitry Donskoy, the Saint is depicted in rich princely attire, with a sword in one hand and the other hand humbly raised, frozen in the gesture "the palm of the righteous." Thus, the character of St. Dmitry is revealed - he revered Christ and was a great warrior.

Dmitry's father was Ivan the Second Red Rurikovich, the great-grandson of the great warrior, wise diplomat and successful ruler - statesman Alexander Nevsky. Ivan Krasny died when Dmitry Donskoy was nine years old. A huge responsibility fell on the little boy - he had to manage the Moscow principality, which was gaining strength and setting itself the goal of subjugating all other principalities. As historical chronicles show, Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy and the decisions he made from the very first days of accession to the princely throne were strongly influenced by the Holy Wonderworker Metropolitan Alexy of Kiev and the ambitious Moscow boyars. At this time, within the Golden Horde, to which the principalities of Russia paid tribute, the so-called "great zamyatnya" began - an internecine struggle between heirs and relatives for the khanate, which began with the death of Berdibek, resulting in a frequent change of rulers. As a result of the absence of representatives of the deceased Ivan the Red to receive a label for reigning in Sarai-Batu, the capital of the Golden Horde, Dmitry Konstantinovich, the Suzdal prince, received Moscow reigning. But the most influential Moscow boyars did not want to give up their dominant positions, and at the age of 11 Dmitry Donskoy went with them for a label to reign. At that moment, the khan's power was divided between the shed khan Murad and the favorite of the formidable Mamai Abdullah. Taking advantage of the confusion in the delimitation of powers between the two rulers, Dmitry Donskoy and the Muscovites were able to obtain a princely label for the young prince from the first of them, Khan Murad. So Dmitry Ivanovich became the Moscow prince. Two years after receiving the label, Dmitry, his brother Ivan and their cousin Vladimir stood at the head of the army going to war against Vladimir, where Dmitry of Suzdal occupied the grand prince's throne. Assessing the strength and size of the Moscow army, the Suzdal prince ceded the throne, with virtually no resistance. Mamai, not wanting to hand over the grand-ducal throne to Dmitry Donskoy, who was not under his control, sent with ambassadors another label to reign for the Suzdal prince Dmitry Konstantinovich. But he was able to hold out only 12 days, a little less than two weeks. The Grand Duke's throne still remained with St. Dmitry. This conflict between Mamai and Dmitry Donskoy subsequently turned into heavy bloody battles, increased civil strife and the devastation of many Russian lands. But for Russia, as a free unified state, further history showed the need for Dmitry to reign on the throne of the Grand Duke, even if by increasing enmity with the Golden Horde.

When Dmitry was fifteen years old, he married the daughter of his recent rival Dmitry Konstantinovich, Prince of Suzdal, who wanted to extinguish the conflict between Moscow and Suzdal. His wife, Evdokia Dmitrievna (known in Orthodoxy as the Reverend Saint Euphrosyne of Moscow), at the time of the wedding in the Kolomna Resurrection Church, was only thirteen years old. Despite the young age of both, the marriage was happy and fruitful: Dmitry Ivanovich and Evdokia had 12 children. The holy ascetic Sergius of Radonezh, who was friends with Patriarch Alexy of Kiev, became the godson of his two children. Both Sergius and Alexy accompanied Dmitry Donskoy all his life, giving him invaluable advice and blessing him for fateful deeds.

All subsequent years, Dmitry Ivanovich, the prince of Moscow, Suzdal and Vladimir, spent in the affairs of the unity of Russia, subjugating the Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Tver, Galich, Kostroma, Starodub princes during his reign. In addition, St. Dmitry won several important skirmishes against the Volga Bulgars, stopped the troops of the Tatar-Mongolian Murza Begich near the Ryazan River Vozha and won the most important battle that went down in the history of Russia forever - the Battle of Kulikovo.

Mamai, the shadow ruler of the Horde, had been preparing for the Battle of Kulikovo for two years. The previous campaign of his Murza Begich ended with the defeat of the Tatar-Mongol, a respite and replenishment of the troops were needed. The rest from the conquests lasted two years, during which time Mamai, with the help of his ambassadors, gathered a huge number of mercenaries from the nomadic tribes of Asia into his troops. In addition, Mamai agreed with the Lithuanian prince Vladislav Jagiello and the Ryazan prince Oleg to meet with their troops on the southern bank of the Oka, from where it was planned to attack the troops of St. Dmitry en masse.

Dmitry Ivanovich, notified by scouts, gathered troops from all the principalities subordinate to him. Surprisingly, forgetting about internecine strife, all the princes, except for Oleg Ryazansky, united around Dmitry. A plan was drawn up: only a small part of the army, a reserve of the main troops, remained in Moscow. The rest of the troops crossed the Oka, and bypassing the Ryazan lands from the west, moved to the Don. Wanting to take the enemy by surprise, Dmitry Ivanovich and his associates crossed the Don, getting to the other side of this great river. Before the departure of St. Dmitry and his army, St. Sergius of Radonezh blessed, prophesying victory. Together with the army, two monks - heroes, Alexander Peresvet and Andrey Oslyabya, set off. Immediately before the battle, the warrior standing on guard had a vision: the Holy Martyrs Boris and Gleb, armed with swords and illuminating their path with lit candles, attacked the Tatar-Mongol warriors, chopping them all to the last. At the same time in Vladimir, the sexton of the church where the tomb of Alexander Nevsky was kept had a vision: two elders raised the great commander from the coffin to help their descendant in the future bloody battle. Stepping out into the courtyard, the figures vanished into thin air.

September 8, 1380, on the day of Christmas Holy Mother of God, at the mouth of the Don and Nepryadva rivers, the great Battle of Kulikovo took place. Surely each of you remembers the painting by Mikhail Avilov for this battle - "The Battle of Peresvet with Chelubey". Peresvet won this single duel, knocking Chelubey out of the saddle. But in the end, both warriors still died, already during the main battle. The fate of the two great warriors became an illustration of the outcome of the Battle of Kulikovo - Russia won, but at the cost of huge losses: out of 150,000 people, only 40,000 survived. Traditions say that the Heavenly Forces helped the Russian army in this battle, the angels, led by the Archangel Archangel Michael, together with princely bogatyrs, they struck enemies with fiery arrows and swords. Dmitry himself, dressed in the armor of a simple warrior, fought the enemy in the forefront. After the end of the battle, the noble prince was found stunned, lying under a tree. His armor was broken, but he himself was intact. On the occasion of the victory, the Don Cossacks presented Dmitry with the image of the Mother of God, later called the Don Icon of the Mother of God. From that day on, the Grand Duke himself was called Donskoy - in honor of the river, next to which he won such an important battle.

The exhausted troops of Mamai returned home, but the place of the ruler had already been taken by a descendant of the Chingizids, Tokhtamysh. Mamai had to hide with his Genoese allies in the Eastern Crimea, where he died at the hands of a traitor. The new Khan demanded that Dmitry Donskoy pay tribute, but the Grand Duke, inspired by the victory at Kulikovo Field, refused. Tokhtamysh, gathering troops. moved to Moscow. Dmitry's army was severely depleted, so the council of princes decided to surrender the city. Tokhtamysh burned down Moscow; its inhabitants, from among those who remained alive, were taken into slavery by its soldiers. Having assessed the situation, Saint Dmitry sent a "repentant embassy" to Tokhtamysh, the result of which was the establishment of a new amount of tribute to the Golden Horde and the consolidation of the hereditary Grand Duchy for the Moscow princes. Like St. Alexander Nevsky, the great-great-grandfather of Dmitry Donskoy, the noble prince turned out to be a skillful diplomat.

Unfortunately, the injuries received by the Grand Prince during the Battle of Kulikovo affected his health. He was ill for a long time, and in 1389 he died, having transferred the hereditary power to his son Vasily.

The icon of St. Dmitry Donskoy is prayed with a request to maintain unity, to avert threats from the family, to protect against attacks by enemies, with a request to strengthen faith. Dmitry Donskoy, like his famous ancestor Alexander Nevsky, is the patron of people of military professions.

September 21 marks the Day of Military Glory of Russia - the Day of the victory of Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. It was established by Federal Law No. 32-FZ of March 13, 1995 "On the days of military glory and memorable dates in Russia." Terrible disasters brought the Tatar-Mongol yoke to Russian soil. But in the second half of the 14th century, the disintegration of the Golden Horde began, where one of the senior emirs, Mamai, became the de facto ruler. At the same time, Russia was in the process of forming a strong centralized state through the unification of Russian lands under the rule of the Moscow principality. The strengthening of the Moscow principality alarmed Mamai. In 1378 he sent a strong army to Russia under the command of Murza Begich. The army of Prince Dmitry Ivanovich of Moscow met the Horde on the Vozha River and completely defeated them. Mamai, having learned about the defeat of Begich, began to prepare for a big campaign against Russia. He entered into an alliance with the Grand Duke of Lithuania Jagiello and Prince Oleg of Ryazan. In the summer of 1380, Mamai began a campaign, writes Calend.ru. Prince Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich, having learned at the end of July about the movement of the Mongol-Tatars, appealed to the collection of Russian military forces in Moscow and Kolomna. Squads of 27 Russian cities and principalities gathered under the banner of the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich. The total number of troops exceeded 100 thousand people. The plan of the campaign was to, without waiting for a connection on the Oka Mamaia with their allies, to cross the Oka and move towards the enemy to the upper reaches of the Don. The campaign of the troops took place in August - early September. On September 19 (September 6, old style), the Russian regiments reached the Don River along the Old Dankovskaya road. At the military council, it was decided to cross the river and meet the enemy beyond the Don and Nepryadva. On the night of September 20 (7) to September 21 (8), the troops crossed the Don and in the early morning of September 21 began to deploy in battle formation between the Rybiy Verkh gully and the Smolka River on a front about 1 km facing southeast, to the watershed, from where they moved Mamai's powers. At the forefront of the Russian troops were detachments of the Guard Regiment. In the front line was the Advanced Regiment. The main line of the Russian battle formation had a three-membered division. The Big Regiment was located in the center, its flanks were covered by the regiments of the Right and Left hands, which rested at the edges against the spurs of the ravine and the river overgrown with forest. Behind the large regiment was a reserve. Anticipating the course of the battle, the Russian commanders placed an Ambush Regiment, consisting of selected cavalry squads, to the east of the Left Hand Regiment in the large forest tract "Green Dubrava". Mamai also placed his cavalry and mercenaries in a linear order. The battle began with a duel between the Russian warrior monk Peresvet and the Mongol hero Chelubey. In this duel, both warriors died. Then the Tatar cavalry, having crushed the advanced regiment, began to push the large regiment; Russian regiments suffered significant losses; boyar Mikhail Brenok, who fought in a large regiment in the armor of the Grand Duke and under his banner, was killed. Grand Duke Dmitry in the armor of an ordinary soldier fought among the soldiers of the same regiment. However, the Russians survived, and then, creating a numerical superiority, Mamai threw the last fresh forces into the regiment of the Left Hand. Having suffered significant losses, the regiment of the Left Hand began to retreat. Did not save the situation and put forward to the aid of the reserve. Rounding the flank of the Big Regiment, the Golden Horde cavalry began to go to the rear of the Moscow rati. Created real threat encirclement and destruction of Russian forces. The climax of the battle has come. At that moment, the Ambush Regiment hit the back of the broken Horde. The sudden introduction of fresh Russian forces into battle radically changed the situation. The entry into battle of the Ambush Regiment served as a signal for the general offensive of the Moscow rati. An exodus of Mamai's troops began. The pursuit was carried out by the Russian cavalry until dark. The victory was complete, the entire camp and convoy of the Horde was captured. However, the Russian army suffered heavy losses during the battle. For seven days they collected and buried the fallen soldiers in mass graves. The Battle of Kulikovo was of great historical importance in the struggle of the Russian and other peoples against the Mongol-Tatar oppression. An important consequence of the Battle of Kulikovo was the strengthening of the role of Moscow in the formation of the Russian state. In 1848, a monument was erected on Red Hill, where Mamai's headquarters was. In 1996, by a Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, the State Military-Historical and Natural Museum-Reserve "Kulikovo Field" was created on the site of the legendary battle. The territory of the museum-reserve occupies the south-east of the Tula region, geographically it is a section of the landscape of the northern forest-steppe of the Russian Plain in the basin of the upper reaches of the Don and Nepryadva. It includes the historical site of the battle with adjacent areas, as well as a complex of unique archaeological, memorial, architectural, natural and landscape monuments. Since 1996, at the initiative of the museum, on the banks of the Don River near the village of Tatinki, the international military-historical festival "Kulikovo Field" has been held annually. Military-historical reenactment clubs from Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic States take part in it. The winners of the competition program of the festival take part in a large theatrical performance during the festive events dedicated to the anniversary of the Battle of Kulikovo. In 2002, in the village of Monastyrshchina, where, according to legend, Russian soldiers who died in the Battle of Kulikovo were buried, an Alley of Memory was laid. Commemorative signs from various lands of Russia are presented here, writes RIA Novosti.MOSCOW, WEAPONS OF RUSSIA, Stanislav Zakaryan. In the photo: A pillar-monument to Dmitry Donskoy on the Kulikovo field

On September 21, our country celebrates the Day of Military Glory of Russia - the Day of the Victory of the Russian regiments led by Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy over the Mongol-Tatar troops in the Battle of Kulikovo (1380). It was established by Federal Law No. 32-FZ of March 13, 1995 "On the days of military glory and memorable dates in Russia."

Terrible disasters brought the Tatar-Mongol yoke to Russian soil. But in the second half of the 14th century, the disintegration of the Golden Horde began, where one of the senior emirs, Mamai, became the de facto ruler. At the same time, Russia was in the process of forming a strong centralized state through the unification of Russian lands under the rule of the Moscow principality.

Mamai, having learned about the defeat of Begich, began to prepare for a big campaign against Russia. He entered into an alliance with the Grand Duke of Lithuania Jagiello and Prince Oleg of Ryazan. In the summer of 1380, Mamai began a campaign. (8) On September 16, 1380, a fierce battle broke out near the place where the Nepryadva River flows into the Don.

Personally, Dmitry Ivanovich fought in the forefront of his troops. The enemy could not withstand the unexpected blow and began to retreat, and then fled. Mamai's army was completely defeated. Detachments of Jagiello, having learned about the victory of the Russians, quickly returned to Lithuania.

In the temple of the Nativity Monastery in the city of Vladimir, where the body of Prince Alexander Nevsky rested, on the night of the Nativity of the Virgin (from September 7 to 8, according to the old style), ministers prayed, asking Alexander to help Dmitry. And then a miracle happened - candles were lit near the coffin of the prince, Prince Alexander rose above the coffin, looked at the monks and became invisible.

The Mother of God did not reject the prayers of Orthodox Christians and supported their spirit and strength in a difficult battle. Since those years, the Russian Orthodox Church on the day of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos also celebrates the victory over Mamai.

The battle on the Kulikovo field seriously undermined the military power of the Golden Horde and accelerated its subsequent collapse. It contributed to the further growth and strengthening of Russia as a single state, raised the role of Moscow as a center for the unification of Russian lands.

Here it must be said that although the event itself took place in 1380 on September 8 according to the old style, that is, September 16 - according to the new one, but officially the holiday - the Day of Military Glory - is celebrated on September 21. This is the cost of converting dates from the old style to the new one.

Since, when setting the date, the rule was not taken into account: when translating dates of the 14th century, 8 days are added to the old style, and according to the rules of the Russian Orthodox Church, 13 days are added (according to church chronology, when translating dates from the old style to new century always add 13 days, regardless of the century in which it occurred).

Due to these inconsistencies in the calendars, it turns out that the correct calendar anniversary of the battle falls on September 16, while the state and Orthodox celebration remains on September 21.

The strengthening of the Moscow principality alarmed Mamai. In 1378 he sent a strong army to Russia under the command of Murza Begich. The army of Prince Dmitry Ivanovich of Moscow met the Horde on the Vozha River and completely defeated them. Mamai, having learned about the defeat of Begich, began to prepare for a big campaign against Russia. He entered into an alliance with the Grand Duke of Lithuania Jagiello and Prince Oleg of Ryazan. In the summer of 1380, Mamai began a campaign. (8) On September 16, 1380, a fierce battle broke out near the place where the Nepryadva River flows into the Don. Personally, Dmitry Ivanovich fought in the forefront of his troops. The enemy could not withstand the unexpected blow and began to retreat, and then fled. Mamai's army was completely defeated. Detachments of Jagiello, having learned about the victory of the Russians, quickly returned to Lithuania.

According to the chronicles, the battle on the Kulikovo field took place on the day of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (September 8, old style). Prince Dmitry had great hopes for the help of the Mother of God and offered her his prayers. In the temple of the Nativity Monastery in the city of Vladimir, where the body of Prince Alexander Nevsky rested, on the night of the Nativity of the Virgin (from September 7 to 8, according to the old style), ministers prayed, asking Alexander to help Dmitry. And then a miracle happened - candles were lit near the coffin of the prince, Prince Alexander rose above the coffin, looked at the monks and became invisible. The Mother of God did not reject the prayers of Orthodox Christians and supported their spirit and strength in a difficult battle. Since those years, the Russian Orthodox Church on the day of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos also celebrates the victory over Mamai. The battle on the Kulikovo field seriously undermined the military power of the Golden Horde and accelerated its subsequent collapse. It contributed to the further growth and strengthening of Russia as a single state, raised the role of Moscow as a center for the unification of Russian lands.

In the middle of the 19th century, on the site that was considered the Kulikovo field, a monument was erected and inaugurated, designed by the architect A.P. Bryullov. In 1996, by a Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, the State Military-Historical and Natural Museum-Reserve "Kulikovo Field" was created on the site of the battle. And today, the international military-historical festival "Kulikovo Field" is held here annually. Here it must be said that although the event itself took place in 1380 on September 8 according to the old style, that is, September 16 - according to the new one, but officially the holiday - the Day of Military Glory - is celebrated on September 21. This is the cost of converting dates from the old style to the new one. Since, when setting the date, the rule was not taken into account: when translating dates of the 14th century, 8 days are added to the old style, and according to the rules of the Russian Orthodox Church, 13 days are added (according to church chronology, when translating dates from the old style to the new century, 13 days are always added, outside depending on the age in which it occurred). Due to these inconsistencies in the calendars, it turns out that the correct calendar anniversary of the battle falls on September 16, while the state and Orthodox celebration remains on September 21.

Russian regiments before the Battle of Kulikovo / Image: from a painting by A. Bubnov

Prince Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich, having learned at the end of July about the movement of the Mongol-Tatars, appealed to the collection of Russian military forces in Moscow and Kolomna. Squads of 27 Russian cities and principalities gathered under the banner of the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich. The total number of troops exceeded 100 thousand people.

Prince Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich, having learned at the end of July about the movement of the Mongol-Tatars, appealed for the collection of Russian military forces in Moscow and Kolomna / Image: cdn.topwar.ru

The plan of the campaign was to, without waiting for a connection on the Oka Mamaia with their allies, to cross the Oka and move towards the enemy to the upper reaches of the Don. The campaign of the troops took place in August - early September.

On September 19 (September 6, old style), the Russian regiments reached the Don River along the Old Dankovskaya road. At the military council, it was decided to cross the river and meet the enemy beyond the Don and Nepryadva. On the night of September 20 (7) to September 21 (8), the troops crossed the Don and in the early morning of September 21 began to deploy in battle formation between the Rybiy Verkh gully and the Smolka River on a front about 1 km facing southeast, to the watershed, from where they moved Mamai's powers.

Image: vynderkind.ru

At the forefront of the Russian troops were detachments of the Guard Regiment. In the front line was the Advanced Regiment. The main line of the Russian battle formation had a three-membered division. The Big Regiment was located in the center, its flanks were covered by the regiments of the Right and Left hands, which rested at the edges against the spurs of the ravine and the river overgrown with forest. Behind the large regiment was a reserve.

Anticipating the course of the battle, the Russian commanders placed an Ambush Regiment, consisting of selected cavalry squads, to the east of the Left Hand Regiment in the large forest tract "Green Dubrava". Mamai also placed his cavalry and mercenaries in a linear order.

The duel of the Russian warrior monk Peresvet with the Mongol hero Chelubey / Image: clubveteranwar.com

The battle began with a duel between the Russian warrior monk Peresvet and the Mongol hero Chelubey. In this duel, both warriors died. Then the Tatar cavalry, having crushed the advanced regiment, began to push the large regiment; Russian regiments suffered significant losses; boyar Mikhail Brenok, who fought in a large regiment in the armor of the Grand Duke and under his banner, was killed. Grand Duke Dmitry in the armor of an ordinary soldier fought among the soldiers of the same regiment.

However, the Russians survived, and then, creating a numerical superiority, Mamai threw the last fresh forces into the regiment of the Left Hand. Having suffered significant losses, the regiment of the Left Hand began to retreat. Did not save the situation and put forward to the aid of the reserve. Rounding the flank of the Big Regiment, the Golden Horde cavalry began to go to the rear of the Moscow rati. There was a real threat of encirclement and destruction of Russian forces. The climax of the battle has come. At that moment, the Ambush Regiment hit the back of the broken Horde.

Image: clubveteranwar.com

Image: topwar.ru

The sudden introduction of fresh Russian forces into battle radically changed the situation. The entry into battle of the Ambush Regiment served as a signal for the general offensive of the Moscow rati. The mass exodus of Mamai's troops began. The pursuit was carried out by the Russian cavalry until dark.

The victory was complete, the entire camp and convoy of the Horde was captured. However, the Russian army suffered heavy losses during the battle. For seven days they collected and buried the fallen soldiers in mass graves.

The Battle of Kulikovo was of great historical importance in the struggle of the Russian and other peoples against the Mongol-Tatar oppression. An important consequence of the Battle of Kulikovo was the strengthening of the role of Moscow in the formation of the Russian state.

In 1848, a monument was erected on Red Hill, where Mamai's headquarters was.

Pillar-monument to Dmitry Donskoy on the Kulikovo field / Photo:www.liveinternet.ru

In 1996, by a Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, the State Military-Historical and Natural Museum-Reserve "Kulikovo Field" was created on the site of the legendary battle.

The territory of the museum-reserve occupies the south-east of the Tula region, geographically it is a section of the landscape of the northern forest-steppe of the Russian Plain in the basin of the upper reaches of the Don and Nepryadva. It includes the historical site of the battle with adjacent areas, as well as a complex of unique archaeological, memorial, architectural, natural and landscape monuments.

"regional center of patriotic education". Day of military glory of Russia September 21, Victory Day on the Kulikovo field

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