Dash between noun and numeral examples. Dash between clauses

The dash is one of the most expressive and favorite punctuation marks for schoolchildren. But the dash not only helps express expression - it also formalizes certain types of sentences. Let's consider one of them.

Ways to Express Principal Members

Let us remember that the subject can be expressed not only by a noun or pronoun in the nominative case, but also by a numeral, the infinitive of a verb, and a syntactically indivisible combination.

The predicate is also expressed not only by the verb in personal form, but also by many other parts of speech: numeral, infinitive, pronoun, adverb, etc.

Which sentences require a dash?

The simplest cases of placing a dash between the subject and the predicate are known to fifth graders, but this rule is fully studied in the 8th grade. All of them concern sentences with a compound nominal predicate. But not all such proposals fall within its scope.

According to the rule for placing a dash, this sign is required between the subject and the predicate if both the subject and the predicate are expressed by a noun, numeral or infinitive of a verb in any possible set. A dash is also placed if the implied word is expressed by a phraseological unit.

This can be shown in a diagram like this:

Noun, number, inf. - noun, number, inf. .

Here are some examples:

A dog is man's friend.

Five is an odd number.

Singing is my hobby.

To live is to serve the Motherland.

His dream is to go to Paris.

What else affects the placement of a dash?

The words “this”, “here”, “means”. If they are, a dash is placed; Even the exceptions specified in the next chapter are not affected (Reading is the best teaching.)

It is interesting that a dash is placed before “this”, “here”, “means” even if the predicate is expressed by a pronoun (The state is us.)

Exceptions. There is no dash.

However, there are exceptions. Let us remind you that they do not apply to sentences containing “this”, “here”, “so”.

• A dash is not placed if the predicate contains the particle NOT (My brother is not a student; however, Antibiotics are not a panacea). This does not apply to sentences where the predicate is an infinitive.
• A dash is not needed (and a comma too!) if the predicate group includes comparative conjunctions like, as if, as if, exactly, etc. (“The forest is like a painted tower…”)
• Sentences in which there is a word between the subject and the predicate also require careful consideration. If this is an introductory word, addition or circumstance, a dash is also not required (Petya, of course, is great).
• A dash is not placed if there is a particle between the subject and the predicate (My brother is only a paramedic's assistant).

Examples

Below you see the table “Dash between subject and predicate”: in which cases it is placed and in which it is not.

rule	example
The subject and predicate are expressed by a noun, infinitive, and numeral.	Everest is the highest mountain. My favorite number is nine. Playing chess is a fun activity.
The predicate is expressed by phraseology	This dish is to die for.
Between the subject and the predicate there are the words “this”, “here”, “means”	The ostrich is a large bird.
Between subject and predicate there is NOT	This person is not the director. Sydney is not the capital of Australia.
Between the subject and the predicate there is a comparative conjunction “as”, “as if”, “as if”, etc.	Our yard is like a garden.
Between the subject and the predicate there are introductory words, additions or circumstances, as well as particles	Ivan, it seems, is an engineer. Ivan is only an engineer. Ivan has been an engineer for a long time.

What have we learned?

A dash between the subject and the predicate is placed in sentences with a compound nominal predicate if the subject is expressed by a noun, infinitive or numeral, and the predicate is expressed by a noun, infinitive, numeral or phraseological unit. A dash is placed before “this”, “here”, “means” and is not saved (usually) before NOT, a comparative conjunction, a particle, an introductory word, an addition, a circumstance.

In the absence of a connective, a dash is placed between the subject and the predicate ALWAYS:

noun in I. p. - noun in I. p.:

Moscow is the capital of our Motherland. Our life is work.(K. G. Paustovsky)

numeral in I. p. - numeral in I. p.:

Five eight is forty.

noun in I. p. - numeral in I. p.:

The height of the main peak of Elbrus is five thousand six hundred thirty three meters.

numeral in I. p. - noun in I. p.:

Forty-five - baba berry again.

infinitive - infinitive:

Smoking is harmful to health.(Proverb)

noun in I. p. - infinitive:

Our duty is to defend the fortress until our last breath...(A.S. Pushkin)

infinitive - noun in I. p.:

Think and try to understand the environment is now my goal.(N. N. Miklouho-Maclay)

infinitive - adverb ending with -o:

Giving in is shameful.(V.F. Tendryakov)

II. in front of particles This, Here, this, Means, this means, This is what:

The leitmotif of my new book is This devotion to the Motherland.(N. A. Ostrovsky)

a dash is also placed in front of the named particles when presence of a ligament:

Being human - Means be a fighter.(J.V. Goethe)

during inversion* dash is also required:

Of course, it is a great art to wait. (L. S. Sobolev) It's very unbearable to move.(I. A. Goncharov)

III. before the expression one(s) of:

Patience - one of life's treasures. (Proverb)

IV. if the predicate is expressed by a phraseological unit:

...she and Trofim are two pairs of boots.

Note.

In sentences of a colloquial-everyday nature, a dash is not placed between the subject and predicate, expressed nouns, in the absence of a connective: My son is a writer.

However, for the purpose of semantically emphasizing the predicate, it is possible to add a dash: My son is a writer.

To clarify the meaning of the sentence, a dash is also placed:

• The elder brother is my teacher.
• My older brother is a teacher.

Dash between subject and predicate in the absence of a connective NOT PUT:

I. if the SUBJECT and PREDIB are expressed noun in I. p. - adjective:

The sea is wonderful, blue and tender, like the hair of an innocent girl.(A. Zavadsky)

noun in I. p. - participle:

The windows are wide open.

noun in I. p. - an adverb:

The dress fits her.

noun in I. p. - interrogative-relative pronoun:

Tell me who is your friend?..

noun in I. p. - combination with a noun:

The inhabitants of Goryukhin are mostly of average height...(A.S. Pushkin)

personal pronoun - noun in I. p.

I am an honest person and never give compliments.(A.P. Chekhov)

personal pronoun - interrogative-relative pronoun:

... and I'll tell you who you are.

II. if between the subject and the predicate there is particle, union, adverb, introductory word:

Analogy Not proof . live idle only smoke the sky.(Proverb) Pond How shiny steel...(A. A. Fet) His coming Always event . Goose , known, the bird is important and reasonable. (I. S. Turgenev)

Note.

1. Dash in front of the particle NOT put:

A). If NOT used with a restrictive particle only :

• These lines - Not only peaks of poetry.
• (K. G. Paustovsky)

§ 5.1

Dash is placed between the subject and the predicate in the absence of a connective, if both main members of the sentence are expressed by nouns in the nominative case form: Loneliness in creativity - difficult thing(Ch.); Next station - Mytishchi; Moscow games - beautiful academy sports creativity(gas.).

Usually, dash put:

1) in sentences that have the nature of a logical definition: Geometry - department mathematicians who study spatial forms and relationships of bodies;

2) in sentences of book and written styles (scientific, journalistic, official business), containing a characteristic, assessment of an object or phenomenon: Matter - objective reality, existing outside and independently of human consciousness; Disarmament - command time;

3) in identity sentences (the subject and the predicate express the same concept): Moscow is the capital Russia;

4) after homogeneous subjects: Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan - the largest cities Volga region;

5) with structural parallelism of parts of a sentence: Diligent in the brigade - treasure, lazy - heavy burden;

6) to clarify the meaning of the sentence; compare: Older his sister - teacher; Older his sister is his teacher.

Note. In a number of cases, a dash is usually not placed: 1) in sentences of simple composition in a conversational style of speech: My mother is an engineer; My brother is a schoolboy; 2) if the role of the connective is comparative unions as if, as if, exactly, as if, anyway and so on.: Speeches as speeches(Furm.); The stars are like small diamonds; The clouds are like fairy-tale monsters; Today the sky is like the sea. Deviations from this provision among classical writers and modern authors are associated with previous punctuation norms or with the desire to emphasize the connotation of comparison contained in the predicate: Your speeches are like a sharp knife(L.); This phrase is like a grand slam in Jumble(T.); This girl is like a holiday!(Already); The duration of the war is like a century of life(TV); 3) if the predicate is preceded by a negation not: This officer is no match for you(Fed.); ... The Ussuri tiger is not a fairy tale at all, it’s almost a reality(March.); Poverty is not a vice(linear); The heart is not a stone(linear); Analogy is not proof. Placing a dash in this case aims to logically and intonationally emphasize the predicate: But an explanation is not an excuse(M.G.); His views on family etiquette - isn't this a prejudice?; 4) if between the subject and the predicate there is an introductory word, sometimes an adverb, conjunction, particle: Dubava seems to be a friend of Korchagin(AND ABOUT.); Risk, as we know, is a noble cause; Totally rash act step dangerous; Sergeev now famous artist; Fir Same tree resinous; March only Start spring. Wed. the presence or absence of a dash depending on the specified conditions: Ivanov - good chess player; Ivanov, seems good chess player(presence of an introductory word); Ivanov now experienced chess player(presence of adverb); Ivanov also a famous chess player(presence of union); Ivanov just a beginner chess player(presence of particle); 5) if the predicate is preceded by a secondary member of the sentence related to it: Stepan us neighbour(Sh.); Kolya to me Friend; 6) if the predicate precedes the subject: Beautiful man Ivan Ivanovich!(G.); Slavnoe place this valley!(L.); Picturesque Indian people(Gonch.); Not bad student this boy. The placement of a dash in this case emphasizes the intonational division of the sentence into two parts: Glorious people are neighbors my!(N.); Amazing case - dream(T.); Psychological curiosity - my mother(Ch.); deft little thing - little mind human(M.G.); Coffin - road(TV); 7) if the subject in combination with the predicate forms an indecomposable phraseological unit: Penny price theory that fixes some patterns(Goal.); Two of a Kind(linear).

§ 5.2

Dash is placed between the subject and the predicate if both of them are expressed by the indefinite form of the verb (infinitive) or if one of the main members is expressed by the nominative case of the noun, and the other by the indefinite form of the verb: About the decision speak - only confuse(M.G.); Our duty is to protect strength until our last breath(P.); Of course it's big art - wait(Esb.); Tea drink - not firewood chop(last); Force turn me off the right path - pipes!; Write mediocre things - it doesn't take any talent(infinitive in the function of the nominative topic, the predicate is expressed in a whole sentence); It would seem that, What's easier - write response letter(cf.: Writing a reply letter is easy).

But (with inversion and no pause): Which happiness son hug!(Dolm.)

§ 5.3

Dash comes before words this, this is, this means, this means, here, adding the predicate to the subject: Catch ruff or perch - what is it? bliss!(Ch.); Sports and culture - here are two keys to joy, beauty(gas.); To understand means to forgive; Latest autumn - This when the mountain ash shrinks from frost and becomes as they say, "sweet"(Prishv.) - the whole sentence acts as the predicate.

§ 5.4

Dash is put if both main members of the sentence are expressed by cardinal numerals or if one of them is expressed by the nominative case form of the noun, and the other by a numeral or a phrase with a numeral: Twenty years - good thing(Sim.); Partings and meetings - two main parts, from which happiness will someday be formed(Dolm.); Three times five is fifteen; Speed ​​- sixty kilometers per hour.

§ 5.5

Dash is placed between the subject, expressed by an indefinite form of the verb, and the predicate, expressed by a predicative adverb (state category) starting with -o, if there is a pause between the main members of the sentence: Giving in is shameful(Tendr.); This is very unbearable - to move(Gonch.); This terrible - chicken out at the last moment; This is fucking fun - ride on the boat[cf. without pause: Ride on the boat funny; Judge a man in disgrace easily(L.T.)].

§ 5.6

Dash is placed before the predicate, expressed phraseological unit: Both woman and man - a couple of nickels(Ch.); And the porch - God forbid another prince(A.T.); His income now is Be healthy; Seryozha - the seventh water on jelly for both you and me.

§ 5.7

With a subject expressed by a word This, dash placed or not placed depending on the logical selection of the subject and the presence or absence of a pause after it. Wed:

This is the beginning started everyone. - This is not bad Start; This is loneliness(Ch.). - This is home Zverkova(G.).

§ 5.8

A dash is usually not placed if the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun and the predicate by the nominative case form of the noun: He is corruption, he is plague, he is ulcer these places(Kr.); I'm honest Human and I never give compliments(Ch.).

Dash in this case it is set:

1) with logical underlining: I am the page to your pen. I'll accept everything. I'm a white page. I - the keeper to your goodness...(Color);

2) when contrasted: I am a manufacturer, you are a shipowner(M.G.); She is solid clew nerves, and He - embodiment Olympic calm;

3) with structural parallelism of sentences or parts of a sentence: Without you I - star without light. Without you I - creator without peace(Br.); We - People restless because We - in the answer for the planet, Two people, he and she, walked side by side: he was young Human in a dark suit, she is young, very pretty young woman in a colorful dress;

4) when inverting the main members of the sentence: Hero of this performance - me ; Example to that - he.

§ 5.9

A dash is not placed if one of the main members is expressed by an interrogative pronoun, and the other by a noun in the nominative case or a personal pronoun: Tell me, Who is yours Friend, and I'll tell you who are you; This whose book?; Who are you?

§ 5.10

A dash is usually not placed if the predicate is expressed by an adjective, pronominal adjective, or prepositional-nominal combination: The weather is unbearable, the road is bad, the driver is stubborn...(P.); The earth is great and beautiful(Ch.); Cherry my garden!(Ch.); Heaven without single clouds; People Here extraordinary kindness.

Dash before the predicate-adjective is placed:

1) with the logical or intonational division of a sentence: Pupils - cat-like, long(Sh.); Height near the scattered houses of the farm - team(Kaz.);

2) in the presence of homogeneous predicates: Rhythm Suvorov Military School - clear, fast, military (gas); He has changed a lot: gait, movements, facial features, even look - softer, calmer, simpler;

3) with structural parallelism of parts of a sentence: The night is warm, the sky is blue, the moon is silver, the stars are brilliant.

§ 5.11

In footnotes, a dash separates the word being explained from the explanation, regardless of the form of expression of the predicate: Poseidon - in ancient Greek mythology, the god of the seas; Pegasus - considered a symbol poetic inspiration.

§ 6. Dash in an incomplete sentence

§ 6.1

Dash is placed when there is a pause in so-called elliptical sentences (independently used sentences with a missing predicate): To the left, in the corner, by the door, on a stool - a bucket of water for those who are thirsty(Room.); Behind the gate is the third parade ground, a parade ground of extraordinary size.(Cupr.); Guys - for axes...(A.T.); And this is you - in front of your daughter?(Fed.); And at the door there are pea coats, overcoats, sheepskin coats...(M.); There is fog outside the night window(Bl.); The Olympic flame is on our land!(gas.); In the role of the offended are small children; And then - a moment of silence; Watermelons and melons - mountains; Cows - two; In response - complete silence; Ahead is A. Karpov.

If there is no pause in elliptical sentences, a dash is not placed: And in the house there is knocking, walking...(Gr.); Suddenly there is a deep pothole in front of me(L.); The creaking of footsteps along the white streets, lights in the distance(Fet); Khokhla is on fire! (M.G.); Revolver on the table!(Tr.); On the right is the door to the next room, on the left is the exit to the terrace(this is how stage directions are formatted in plays); That's the whole point.

§ 6.2

Dash placed in incomplete sentences when there is parallelism of constructions (sentences or parts of a sentence): Her[literature] beauty is in truth, its main meaning is in truth(Cor.); There are curious people in all the windows, boys on the roofs(A.T.); Instead of bread - a stone, instead of teaching - a mallet(S.-Sch.); Here - ravines, further - steppes, even further - desert, at the other end - forests, swamps, moss(Fed.); Terkin - further. The author follows(TV); And above this plow - all dreams, and under this plow - all the earth, and the soul - as in the first moment of a meeting, and the soul - like the sail of a ship(Bl.); Oh, I want to live madly, to perpetuate everything that exists, to personify the impersonal, to embody the unfulfilled!(Bl.); There is no fence. There is no gate. There are no boundaries. In front of the house there is a flower garden, a fence, behind there is a square courtyard strewn with fresh sand.(Cat.); Milk soup for the first course, pancakes with cottage cheese for the second.

§ 6.3

Dash is posed in incomplete sentences of a special structure, the basis of which is formed by two nouns - in the forms of the dative and accusative cases, without a subject and predicate, with a clear intonation division into two parts: Skiers have a good base; To the masses - culture; For youth - education. Typically, such sentences are used as slogans and newspaper headlines.

§ 6.4

Dash is placed in dismembered (two-term) headings, which are incomplete verbless sentences in which there are words with the meaning of the subject of the action, the object, the circumstances that answer the questions “who - what?”, “who - where?”, “what - where?” , “what - how?”, “what - where?” and so on.: Masters of Arts - Youth; Tourism is for everyone; The troops are on their way; Heroes are nearby; Cares and joys - in half; New books are in great demand.

§ 6.5

Dash is put in an incomplete sentence, forming part of a complex sentence, when the missing member (usually the predicate) is restored from the previous part of the phrase and a pause is made at the place of the omission: Yermolai shot, as always, victoriously; I'm pretty bad(T.); Outside the window of the carriage a hummocky plain floated, bushes ran, distant ones - slowly, near ones - in a race.(A.T.); The officers' voices became louder every minute, the words became sharper, the arguments became more irreconcilable.(Goal.); The world is illuminated by the sun, and man is illuminated by knowledge(last); Pick up a few more examples, which ones don’t matter; In his eyes - how to get rid of me as quickly as possible; Now I understand why everyone is attracted to him - his inflexibility; We got down to business cheerfully, they even enthusiastically; It was difficult to establish which of them was right and which was wrong(cf. without an auxiliary verb: It was difficult to establish who was right and who was wrong); Some voted for the proposed resolution, while others, on the contrary, voted against it.(cf.: Some voted for, others against); It was dangerous to go further through the quagmire, and it was also dangerous to stay; Only steel alloys can withstand this temperature, and among light metals - only titanium alloys; There was a lot of construction work ahead, and most importantly, the construction of a water pipeline; You have been here for a long time, and I have only been here for a few days; Some work, understanding their business as common to everyone, others - trying to benefit only for themselves; Passengers... were stuffing suitcases, bags, packages, carrying pillows, some to lie with their heads away from the window, some to lie with their heads towards the window(Rose); The pockets were double: the inner one was made of linen, the outer one was made of gray calico(South.); One sodium atom replaces one hydrogen atom, one zinc atom replaces two hydrogen atoms, and one aluminum atom replaces three hydrogen atoms.

If there is no pause at the place where the clause is missing, a dash is not placed: Yegorushka looked at him for a long time, and he looked at Yegorushka(Ch.); Of our battery, only Solyony will go on a barge, we will go with the combat unit(Ch.); Alyosha looked at them, and they looked at him(Adv.); The thief has one sin, but the owner and I have ten(Acute); ...You do long things, and I do short ones(Leon.).

§ 6.6

Dash is placed in similarly constructed parts of a complex sentence when any member is omitted and even without omission: They looked at each other: Raisky - with cold curiosity, she - with daring triumph(Gonch.); There has been such a girl in everyone's life. One met his in the laboratory, another - in the radio room, the third - in a geological party, the fourth - at sea, the fifth - in the sky, at the intersection of air roads(Hump.); Witnesses spoke in the hall - hastily, in discolored voices, judges - reluctantly and indifferently(M.G.).

§ 7. Intonation dash

§ 7.1

Dash is placed to indicate the place where a simple sentence breaks down into verbal groups in order to emphasize or clarify the semantic relationships between members of the sentence when the desired meaning cannot be expressed by other punctuation marks or word order. Wed:

I couldn’t walk for a long time(i.e., was deprived of the ability to move for a long period, for example after a serious illness). - I couldn't walk for a long time(i.e., could not engage in long walking);

If necessary, please(i.e., if necessary, please contact me). - If necessary, please(i.e. I make a request when I feel a need).

Such a dash is called an intonation dash; it can separate any part of a sentence: ...Life is lashing out unstoppably, irreparably. Set out bowls and plates! Every plate will be shallow, every bowl will be flat(Color); Let's go to the club - read, play checkers, dance - a dash in front of homogeneous circumstances of the goal emphasizes their connection with the predicate (cf. also: I take binoculars - observe); Everyone loved him - for his inherent perseverance, willpower, for the plethora of his entire being; Pedestrians were approaching the station - with bundles, bags, suitcases - homogeneous members of the sentence relate to the predicate and have the meaning of a complement, and in the absence of a dash they could be perceived as inconsistent definitions to the subject: I - what, you are a major specialist(cf.: Does he not agree to leave?).

§ 7.2

It also has an intonation character dash, which is placed between members of a sentence to express surprise or to indicate logical stress: And they threw the pike into the river(Kr.); A few minutes later the chains rattled, the doors opened, and Shvabrin walked in(P.).

§ 8. Connecting dash

§ 8.1

Dash placed between two or more words to indicate limits (“from...to”):

1) spatial: Non-stop flight Moscow - Khabarovsk; Through this village one could go to the big path Uralsk - Lbischensk - Sugar - Guryev(Furm.);

2) temporary: Crusades XI-XIII centuries; Theater repertoire on January March;

3) quantitative: Manuscript volume ten - twelve author's sheets(same in numbers: 10 - 12 ); Cargo weighing 300 - 350 tons; 5 - 7 times superiority.

§ 8.2

Dash is placed between two or more proper names, the totality of which is called a doctrine, scientific institution, etc.: Physical law Boyle - Marriott; Match Karpov - Kasparov; Match "Torpedo" Moscow - "Metalist" Kharkov.

§ 8.3

Dash placed between individual words to show the internal connection between them: The congress of the International Union of Architects, held under the motto "Architecture - Human - environment"(gas.); Yesterday Today Tomorrow.

Subject And predicate are in the closest almost “family” relationship - grammatical And semantic. The predicate is called that way because it tells, "says" about the subject. These members of the sentence carry the main meaning of any sentence.

Are there problems in the “relationship” between subject and predicate? Of course they do. First of all, this concerns compound nominal predicate. This predicate type, as you remember, consists of linking verb(auxiliary component) and noun part. Most often we find the verb in the role of a linking verb be. Usually it is present in a compound nominal predicate in the past time: was, was, was, were . For example: A distinctive feature of the professor was his love for his subject.

In present time The linking verb is almost always omitted and the subject remains with the nominal part of the predicate. For example: Time is the best medicine.

Sometimes we can still find the verb be in present time. As a rule, this is a feature of scientific, bookish speech. For example: Predicatethere is one of the main members two-part sentence.

In ordinary, colloquial speech, linking verb be falls. It probably wouldn’t occur to anyone to say something like “I am a high school student.” But the linking verb does not like to disappear without a trace; it often leaves its deputy In the role of such a deputy we can see dash. A dash is placed between the subject and the predicate if there is no linking verb, but sometimes before the predicate there are other words that can be “friendly” or “not friendly” with a dash. Remember a few tips.

1. Words that are “friends” with a dash are: this is what it means. If you see them before the nominal part of the predicate, feel free to putdash.

Modern children - This very inquisitive creatures.

Light winter rain Here existence disaster our time.

Be in love -means to understand And forgive.

2. The following words are not friendly with dashes: like, what, as if, as if, exactly, not. If you saw them before the nominal part of the predicate, remember that they took the place of the linking verb, so The dash in this case is superfluous.

Head without knowledge like a well without water.

Unscientific person what axe unchiselled.

Birches in the forestlike girls in snow-white sundresses.

Children's eyesas if black beads.

Pines exactly big candles.

Heart not a stone.

Dash– a very important, telling punctuation mark. To determine whether you need to put a dash between the subject and predicate in a sentence, there are a few things to consider.

1) Let's see if there is a linking verb (!!! in any tense). If there is, we don’t put a dash.

Dog was his best friend (linking verb in past tense).

Dog There is its the best Friend (linking verb in the present tense).

Dog will his best friend (linking verb in the future tense).

Compare: Dog -its the best Friend (no linking verb).

2) If there is no linking verb, we look to see if there are words-friends or words-enemies for the dash before the nominal part. If we see words this means we put a dash. If you saw the words how, what, as if, as if, exactly, not, no dash needed.

3) What else can prevent you from putting a dash between the subject and the predicate? This introductory words, adverbs and inconsistent secondary members of the sentence related to the predicate. They can stand between the subject and the predicate, replacing a dash.

The joint efforts of student and teacher, of course, path to success.

A rash decision is always risky step.

Pavlik is your favorite student.

4) We determine how the main members of the sentence are expressed. A dash is placed if in the role of subject and predicate we see a noun in the nominative case, a numeral noun and a verb in the indefinite form (infinitive). If one of the main members of the sentence is expressed by another part of speech (adjective, pronoun, adverb), we do not put a dash.

I am the best student in class(pronoun and noun).

Pavlik is the best student in class(nouns in the nominative case).

Two by two - four (numerals).

Justify idleness - case wrong(infinitive and noun in the nominative case).

This girl beautiful (noun in the nominative case and adjective).

5) The last difficulty. Subject and predicate order. If the predicate comes before the subject(reverse order of sentence members), there is no dash.

Duty every person to be polite.

home task the art of making you think.

Probably not Which of you were afraid of quite a large number of rules that you need to pay attention to when placing a dash between the subject and the predicate. Indeed, this is a difficult moment in the Russian language. And when taking the Unified State Exam, you still need to know these rules.

But I would really like to add that the dash is a wonderful punctuation mark, it is a favorite sign of authors, because the author can put this sign where he wants to highlight and emphasize something. And then the rules go away.

You are the most wonderfulstudents!

Tutor –not just a teacher.

The goal of every person is be happy!

Good luck with your Russian language!

Still have questions? Don't know how to put punctuation marks between the subject and the predicate?
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The need to place a dash between the subject and the predicate is associated with the omission of the auxiliary part in the compound types of the predicate. In some cases, the placement of a dash is associated only with the form of the main members; in others, there are additional formal reasons indicating the need to place a dash. The following rules discuss the rules for placing dashes and exceptions to them.

The dash is placed:

When the subject is expressed by a noun, and the predicate is a compound nominal with a zero connective and a nominal part expressed by a noun (that is, both main members are expressed by nouns).

• 1. Fear of death is animal fear... (Seagull)
• 2. The bet is a dime. (Gull)
• 3. Psychological curiosity - my mother. (Gull)
• 4. Surgery is nothing... (Surgery)
• 5. And the aunt is a gossip, of which there are few! (Bear)
• 6. Great thing - tone! (Anniversary)
• 7. You still have a trump card in your hands - your count title. (Ivanov)
• 8. Locks on the doors and a fat doorman are not a small thing. (Anniversary)
• 9. He and the Count are a couple of nickels. (Ivanov)
• 10. And in my opinion, electric lighting is just a scam... (Wedding)
• 11. Ilya Ilyich is our assistant, right hand. (Uncle Ivan)

If the subject and predicate are expressed by the indefinite form of the verb, or one of these members of the sentence is expressed by a noun in the nominative case, and the other by the indefinite form of the verb, for example:

• 12. Explaining things to the Lebedevs is a waste of time. (Ivanov)
• 13. You walk like this all day - and not a single person with a conscience. (In the ravine)
• 14. The only desire is to do good! (Wife)
• 15. The best solution in this situation is to run away from here. (Ward №6)
• 16. Becoming a wife - oh no, sorry! (Ionych)
• 17. She could love, but never be his wife! (A swan song)

If the sentence refers to a book style and contains a characteristic, assessment of the phenomenon:

18. The fifth and last inhabitant of ward No. 6 is a tradesman who once served as a sorter at the post office, a small, thin, blond man with a kind, but somewhat sly face. (Ward №6)

The main member of a sentence can be a name or a stable expression, for example:

• 19. In the entire apartment he has only one book - “The latest recipes of the military clinic for 1881.” (Ward №6)
• 20. What's in the house, what's in business - golden hands! (In the ravine)
• 21. There are a dime a dozen of those like your Otkatai.
• 22. Young, handsome, with means - the party in one word. (In the native corner)
• 23. On the first day she cried - her eyes were wet. (Pecheneg)
• 24. A kind, pure, loving soul is not a person, but glass! (Jumper)

When logically emphasizing the subject pronoun and highlighting it with intonation:

• 25. I am Abogin... I had the pleasure of seeing you at Gnuchev’s in the summer. (Enemies)
• 26. I am a seagull... (Seagull)
• 27. I am like abandoned... (Ivanov)

After an interrogative pronoun, for example:

• 28. Who are we? (Intruder)
• 29. And who knows - why? (Darling)

• 30. Peter - standing at the door. (Ivanov)
• 31. He took his tailcoat out of the green chest, put it on and, going to the window, stroked the sleeves, held the tails - and smiled. (Men)
• 32. They served pancakes - he doesn’t eat! (In the ravine)
• 33. If you need to sit for a year, sit for a year. (Ivanov)
• 34. Steppe, steppe - and nothing more... (In my native corner)

With the logical division of a sentence into two parts and its intonational division:

With structural parallelism of parts of a complex sentence:

36. The night was warm, the stars were shining, the moon was round, so she did not feel afraid when she was left alone in the forest.

Before the conjugated form of the verb, for example:

• 37. Every morning he congratulates his comrades good morning, and when he goes to bed he wishes them good night. (Ward №6)
• 38. You understand - I’m sick! (Bear)
• 39. I must confess - I am becoming vulgar. (Uncle Ivan)

To express surprise, any part of a sentence can be separated by a dash, for example:

• 40. We are approaching his estate at night and suddenly out of the forest - bam! (Wife)
• 41. I must confess - I am becoming vulgar. (Uncle Ivan)
• 42. I, too, did not sleep at night and sat next to my father, and suddenly - hello, I defeated the good fellow! (jumper)
• 43. I had to laugh until I dropped, and you were on guard! (Ivanov)
• 44. Of course, this is impossible, but what if? (Ivanov)
• 45. He took his tailcoat out of the green chest, put it on and, going to the window, stroked the sleeves, held the tails - and smiled. (Men)
• 46. ​​And when I left the church - and nothing. (In the ravine)

Both main members are expressed by infinitives or one is expressed by a noun and the other by an infinitive:

47. For any girl, dreaming about meeting him is just torturing herself in vain. To actually meet him is a great happiness.

Before the words this, this is, it means, this means, here.

• 48. A woman or girl on a bicycle is terrible! (Man in a case)
• 49. After sleeping in a sleigh, after a human kitchen, sitting in a chair, in clean linen, in light boots, with a chain on your chest - this is such a luxury! (About love)
• 50. Giving birth to neurologically ill children is a crime. (New dacha)
• 51. And for us, love is life. (Ivanov)
• 52. But the worst thing for me is sleep. (Bear)
• 53. A captain of the second rank is not even a colonel. (Wedding)
• 54. The common world soul is me... (Seagull)
• 55. Hopeless love is only in novels. (Gull)

Before an adjective, for example:

• 56. He is a married man, has children, and yet declares his love, you write to Ariadne. (Ariadne)
• 57. Doctor Andrei Efimych Ragin is a wonderful person of his kind. (Ward №6)
• 58. Autumn roses - lovely, sad roses... (Uncle Vanya)
• 59. You are cunning! (Uncle Ivan)

Often, instead of the “positioned” comma when clarifying, introductory word, for example:

• 60. Passing by the house, Kovaleva saw in the windows a short-haired high school student and two girls - Mikhailov’s children. (Someone else's trouble)
• 61. Here it is - the train. (On the cart)
• 62. In two weeks you’ll drop a line - and thank you for that. (Ivanov)
• 63. They have a lot of jam - four jars. (In the ravine)

Both main members are numerals or one is a numeral and the other is a noun:

• 64. Can you, friend, lend me ten to fifteen rubles? (75000)
• 65. Firstly, I am already thirty-five years old - a critical age, so to speak. (Bear)
• 66. The fourth is the red price. (Bear)
• 67. I took the sheet and signed: Unknown - 5000. (wife)
• 68. A thousand acres of land - and not a penny in your pocket... (Ivanov)
• 69. Having counted all the shoes lying on the floor and putting them in pairs, he guessed that their number was seven.

As a rule, a dash is placed when the subject is expressed by an infinitive, the predicate is a compound nominal with a zero connective and a nominal part expressed by an adverb with the meaning of the state, but only if there is a pause between the main members:

70. Catching a ruff or perch is bliss! (Gull)

With a subject expressed by the word THIS, if there is a logical pause after this word:

• 71. This is idealism. (Gull)
• 72. These are crazy people. (Ward №6)
• 73. This enemy is a child. (I want to sleep)
• 74. This is an immobile, gluttonous and unclean animal, which has long ago lost the ability to think and feel. (Ward №6)
• 75. This is the very beginning of the story, and the continuation will come later. (Ward №6)
• 76. Hamlets or superfluous, but for me it’s a shame! (Ivanov)

After a coordinating conjunction with emphasized opposition, the desire to draw special attention to something, for example:

• 77. The Right Reverend remembered her from early childhood, almost from the age of three, and - how he loved her! (Bishop)
• 78. So you say - continue? (Gull)
• 79. How much do I know - which ones! (Gull)
• 80. I’ll ask you - nothing! (Bear)

You may notice that in all the cases discussed above, the dash may be preceded by a comma due to the conditions of the context. This is possible if there is a separate part of the sentence or subordinate clause before the place where the dash is placed. In this case, the writer puts two unrelated signs: a comma, closing one turn, and a dash, standing between the subject and the predicate. The most common mistake writers make is missing a comma before a dash.

A dash is usually not used when:

• 1) The subject is expressed by a noun, the predicate is a compound nominal with a zero connective and a nominal part expressed by a noun, and at the same time the sentence is simple, conversational style.
• 2) Between the subject and the predicate there are comparative conjunctions AS, AS FELL, AS WELL, EXACTLY, SO MUCH AS, ALL THE SAME.
• 3) The predicate is preceded by the negation NOT.
• 4) Between the subject and the predicate there is an introductory word or particle.
• 5) The predicate is preceded by a secondary member related to it.
• 6) The sentence has reverse word order - the predicate precedes the subject.
• 7) The subject is expressed by a personal pronoun, the predicate is a compound nominal with a zero connective and a nominal part expressed by a noun.

In many of the cases listed above, a dash is possible if it is necessary to intonationally emphasize the division of a sentence into two parts, or to highlight one of the main members.