Any state is a complex socio-political structure that has many characteristic features. At the same time, society is the main element of any country. This fact suggests that the state unites huge masses of people. As we understand, society must not only be used to modernize the country, but also protected. Indeed, without people, in fact, there will be no states. People understood this fundamental principle at all times, which led to the creation of the military sphere of life. Its representatives have always enjoyed great respect in society, because everyone understood the importance of their functions. Later, a narrower, law enforcement sector separated from the military sector.
Today, these spheres of human activity are quite strongly developed in all states without exception. For example, in the Russian Federation there are a lot of various departments and structures that implement the functions of ensuring security of a state and public nature. One of them is the troops of the Russian National Guard. A large number of important tasks are assigned to this structure today. In addition, the troops are a relatively young organization, which will be discussed later in the article.
National Guard Troops: Concept
Internal, or rather, its provision is a priority for most law enforcement agencies. In this regard, the troops of the National Guard of Russia are a military organization, the main purpose of which is to maintain security, as well as to ensure the freedoms and rights of citizens of the Russian Federation. It should be noted that such structures exist today in many states, namely: the USA, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Croatia, etc. For a long time, internal troops functioned in many CIS countries, which became the prototype of modern national guard units.
Organization history
The troops of the Russian National Guard have an extremely interesting story. The territory of our state, as we know, at all times was far from being small. Maintaining order in the country was extremely difficult. Therefore, already in the early stages of the development of the country, bodies began to appear that supervised the society and its activities. For example, in the imperial period there were corps of internal guards. The divisions were engaged in the collection of taxes and the protection of public order. In 1836, gendarmerie units were created on the basis of the internal guard.
During the development of the Soviet Union, the functions of the National Guard were performed by combat units of the Cheka. After the Great Patriotic War special guard formations appear, which later became the internal troops of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. They lasted until the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Internal troops and their difference from the national guard
As mentioned earlier, the modern military organization of the National Guard is relatively young. It was formed only in 2016. Prior to this, internal troops operated on the territory of the Russian Federation, which were the "successors" of similar Soviet units. To date, many believe that the National Guard and the BB are the same structures with different names. This statement is deeply misleading. The bottom line is that the internal troops are the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. In turn, the National Guard is a military organization that is subordinate to the department of the same name, which is the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation. The range of tasks in this case is significantly expanded. If earlier the goals set by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia were the basis of activity, today the organization has considerable freedom of activity. This fact is clearly visible if we analyze the tasks of the National Guard troops.
Tasks of the organization
The troops of the Russian National Guard are currently implementing a fairly wide range of various functional tasks. All of them are aimed at ensuring safety. But there are also some specific features. Thus, the main tasks of the National Guard troops are the following:
Law enforcement and security;
Protection of objects of national importance;
Organization of the fight against extremism and terrorism on the territory of Russia;
Ensuring a military, state of emergency in the event of their direct introduction;
Defense of the territory of Russia;
Assistance in the work of the border agencies of the FSB;
Control over compliance with the law in the field of arms trafficking and security activities;
Protection of objects on which a special regime operates.
In accordance with the regulatory documents that will be presented below, other tasks may be assigned to the troops, based on decisions of the President of the Russian Federation.
Legal basis of the organization
Any formation whose activities are carried out directly on the territory of Russia must have its own regulatory framework. Otherwise, such a structure will simply be illegal. National Guard troops are also subject to the law. The main regulatory sources of the organization's activities are as follows:
the Constitution of the Russian Federation;
Federal Law "On the troops of the National Guard of Russia";
Regulations.
Thus, a special normative structure ensures the legality of the activities of the National Guard as an armed or force formation.
The structure of the troops of the national guard of Russia
Any power organization is systemic. Well-organized allows you to perform the entire array of functional tasks much more efficiently. In general, the system of the National Guard of the Russian Federation is borrowed from the once existing VV RF. At the same time, formation is a structural element of a different, more extensive organization. Today it is the Federal Service of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, which was already mentioned earlier in the article. This body belongs to the security forces, which equates it to special services.
It is worth noting that the direct reform of the structure of the Russian National Guard continues to this day. Special Program changes are calculated until 2018. The main goal is to introduce into the composition of the National Guard troops such units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs as SOBR and OMON. As for the layout of the personnel, it will be filled with people with higher education.
ODON: the meaning of the abbreviation
As in any military organization, the National Guard has a special, inherently elite unit. A separate operational division is the oldest formation of this type. The number of its personnel is more than ten thousand people. The division is actively used in various special and counter-terrorist operations. It should be noted that representatives of the unit also ensure public safety on the territory of the city of Moscow and the Moscow region together with the police.
The position of personnel in the National Guard
The military formation presented in the article has several ways of manning. Today, the number of troops of the Russian National Guard is about three hundred thousand people. At the same time, the organization provides for both state civil and military service. Thus, completely different types of employees are provided for the implementation of certain functional tasks.
Organization equipment
In their activities, the National Guard troops use different technical means. If we talk directly about the weapon, then it is represented by copies of Russian and Soviet production. In the activities of the National Guard, the following copies are used:
Pistols: PM, PMM, GSh-18, PSS;
Submachine guns: PP-2000, AEK-919K;
Machine guns: AK74, AKSU74U;
Sniper SVD, VSS, ASVK, etc.
As we can see, the equipment of the guard unit is excellent for performing all functional tasks. In addition, the troops of the Russian National Guard, whose uniform is similar to the RF MV, also have special equipment in their charge, namely armored vehicles, cars, helicopters and planes.
It should be noted that the organization presented in the article is equipped with special means. These include weapons to combat sabotage under water.
Symbols of the troops of the national guard of Russia
To date, the National Guard of the Russian Federation does not have official symbols, because it is under development. But given the fact that the organization presented in the article is a “descendant” of the internal troops, the symbolism of these structures is likely to be similar.
The National Guard of Russia today exists in outline. It is a golden double-headed eagle with a crown on its head.
So, we tried to consider the features, structure and technical equipment of the National Guard troops. Let's hope that the reform process will end in this military organization and it will become a fully functioning link that will protect the rights and freedoms of citizens of the Russian Federation.
Chapter 1. General Provisions
Article 1. Troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation and their purpose
Troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the National Guard Troops) are a state military organization designed to ensure state and public security, protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.
Article 2. Tasks of the National Guard Troops
1. The National Guard troops are entrusted with the following tasks:
1) participation in the protection of public order, ensuring public safety;
2) protection of important state facilities, special cargo, facilities on communications in accordance with the lists approved by the Government of the Russian Federation;
3) participation in the fight against terrorism and extremism;
4) participation in ensuring the state of emergency, martial law, the legal regime of the counter-terrorist operation;
5) participation in the territorial defense of the Russian Federation;
6) rendering assistance to the border agencies of the federal security service in protecting the State Border of the Russian Federation;
7) federal state control (supervision) over compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of arms trafficking and in the field of private security activities, as well as over ensuring the security of fuel and energy complex facilities, over the activities of security units of legal entities with special statutory tasks and departmental security units;
8) protection of especially important and sensitive facilities, facilities subject to mandatory protection by the National Guard troops, in accordance with the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, protection of property of individuals and legal entities under contracts.
2. Other tasks may be assigned to the troops of the National Guard by decisions of the President of the Russian Federation adopted in accordance with federal constitutional laws and federal laws.
Article 3. Legal basis for the activities of the National Guard Troops
The legal basis for the activities of the National Guard Troops is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, generally recognized principles and norms of international law, international treaties of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, this Federal Law, other federal laws, regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as regulatory legal acts of the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing and implementing state policy and legal regulation in the field of activities of the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, in the field of arms trafficking, in the field of private security activities and in the field of non-departmental security (hereinafter referred to as the authorized federal executive body authorities), and other normative legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of the National Guard Troops.
Article 4. Principles of activity of the troops of the national guard
The troops of the National Guard carry out their activities on the basis of the principles of legality, respect for the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, unity of command and centralization of control.
Article 5
1. The National Guard troops include:
1) governing bodies;
2) associations, formations and military units;
3) subdivisions (bodies), including in which persons with special police ranks serve (hereinafter - subdivisions);
4) educational organizations higher education and other organizations.
2. Management bodies of associations, management bodies of formations, military units, subdivisions, educational organizations of higher education and other organizations of the troops of the National Guard may be legal entities in the organizational and legal form of a state institution.
3. Creation, reorganization and abolition (liquidation) of military units and subdivisions of the troops of the National Guard shall be carried out by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
4. The governing bodies of associations, units and organizations of the troops of the national guard, which are legal entities, act on the basis of charters approved by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
5. The control bodies of formations and military units of the National Guard Troops, which are legal entities, operate on the basis of a single model charter approved by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
Article 6
1. The leadership of the National Guard troops is carried out by the President of the Russian Federation.
2. President of the Russian Federation:
1) determine the tasks of the National Guard troops;
2) approves the structure and composition of the National Guard troops (up to and including the operational-territorial association);
3) approves the staffing of the military personnel of the National Guard Troops, persons serving in the National Guard Troops and having special police ranks (hereinafter referred to as employees), and civilian personnel of the National Guard Troops;
4) appoint the Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard Troops and dismiss him from office;
5) approves the Charter of the National Guard Troops, the banner and flag of the National Guard Troops, their regulations, their descriptions and drawings;
6) approves the regulation on the operational-territorial association of the troops of the national guard;
7) establishes the number of positions in the National Guard troops to be filled by senior officers (high commanding staff), assigns military ranks of senior officers (special ranks of senior commanding staff), appoints military personnel (employees) to military positions (positions) for which the state provides for military the ranks of senior officers (special ranks of the highest commanding staff), release them from military positions (positions) and dismiss them from military service in the manner prescribed by federal law;
8) approve the concept and plan for the construction and development of the National Guard Troops;
9) exercise other powers in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws and federal laws.
3. Government of the Russian Federation:
1) allocates financial resources to ensure the activities of the National Guard troops within the amounts established by the federal law on the federal budget for the corresponding year, and also ensures the allocation of the necessary material and technical resources;
2) approves the list of weapons, ammunition, military and special equipment, special means in service with the troops of the National Guard;
3) ensure that the troops of the National Guard are equipped with weapons, ammunition, military and special equipment, and special means on their orders;
4) approves the lists of important state facilities, special cargo, facilities on communications subject to protection by the troops of the national guard;
5) approves the list of objects subject to mandatory protection by the troops of the National Guard;
6) carries out, within the limits of its authority, measures for social protection, material and welfare support for military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops, citizens dismissed from military service (service), members of their families and civilian personnel;
7) ensures the implementation of guarantees of legal protection and social support for military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops, citizens dismissed from military service (service), members of their families and civilian personnel;
8) approves the list of water bodies located in areas with the most valuable natural resources, in the waters of which the military units of the National Guard troops participate in the protection of public order;
9) determine the procedure for using the aviation of the National Guard troops in the interests of other federal executive bodies;
10) approves the requirements for equipping with engineering and technical means of protection of important state facilities, special cargo, structures on communications subject to protection by the troops of the National Guard, the procedure for monitoring their implementation and operation of these engineering and technical means of protection, unless otherwise established by the legislation of the Russian Federation in areas of use of atomic energy;
11) exercise other powers in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal constitutional laws, federal laws and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.
4. The command and control of the National Guard Troops is carried out by the head of the authorized federal executive body, who is the Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard Troops.
Article 7. Deployment of National Guard Troops
1. Associations, formations, military units and subdivisions of the National Guard Troops are deployed in accordance with the tasks of the National Guard Troops and taking into account the socio-economic conditions of the places of deployment.
2. Places of deployment of military units and subdivisions of the troops of the national guard are determined by the decision of the head of the authorized federal executive body, and from the formation and above - by the decision of the President of the Russian Federation.
3. The redeployment of military units and subdivisions of the National Guard troops is carried out by decision of the head of the authorized federal executive body, and from the formation and above - by decision of the President of the Russian Federation.
Chapter 2. Powers of the National Guard Troops
Article 8. Powers of the National Guard Troops
1. The troops of the National Guard, in order to fulfill the tasks assigned to them, exercise the following powers:
1) general powers;
2) special powers (coercive measures): detention; vehicle opening; entry (penetration) into residential and other premises, land plots and territories (water areas); cordon (blocking) of terrain (water areas), residential and other premises, buildings and other objects; formation and maintenance of data banks about citizens;
3) the powers to ensure the state of emergency, martial law and the legal regime of the counter-terrorist operation and the powers related to participation in the counter-terrorist operation;
4) other powers provided for by federal constitutional laws, this Federal Law, other federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
2. The powers of the National Guard Troops are exercised by the governing bodies, associations, formations, military units, subdivisions, organizations and military personnel (employees) of the National Guard Troops in the manner prescribed by federal constitutional laws, this Federal Law, other federal laws, regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation , the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as regulatory legal acts of the authorized federal executive body in compliance with the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on the protection of state secrets.
3. The lawful demands of military personnel (employees) of the National Guard Troops in the exercise of their powers of the National Guard Troops are binding on citizens and officials.
Article 9. General powers of the troops of the national guard
1. The troops of the National Guard are vested with the following powers:
1) to demand from citizens the observance of public order;
2) demand from citizens and officials to stop illegal actions;
3) to suppress crimes, administrative offenses and illegal actions;
4) check identity documents of citizens if there are data that give grounds to suspect them of committing a crime or to believe that they are wanted, or if there is a reason to initiate an administrative offense case against these citizens, or if there are grounds for their detention in cases stipulated by federal law;
5) carry out proceedings on cases of administrative offenses in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses;
6) take the necessary measures to protect the scene of the incident before the arrival of representatives of the investigation or inquiry bodies, demand that citizens leave the scene of the incident;
7) deliver citizens to the office of the internal affairs body (police) in order to resolve the issue of detention of a citizen; establishing the identity of a citizen, if there is reason to believe that he is wanted as a fugitive from the bodies of inquiry, investigation or court, or as evading the execution of a criminal punishment; protecting a citizen from an immediate threat to his life or health if he is unable to take care of himself or if the danger cannot be avoided in any other way;
8) to inspect vehicles, floating facilities (vessels) that have violated the rules established at the facilities protected by the National Guard troops;
9) to carry out personal searches of employees of important state facilities guarded by the National Guard troops at checkpoints;
10) require citizens to comply with the access and intra-object regimes at the objects guarded by the troops of the National Guard; to inspect and (or) inspect citizens visiting these objects, inspect their belongings, inspect and (or) inspect vehicles, floating facilities (vessels) at the entrance (entrance) to the territory of protected objects (water areas) and exit (exit) from the territories of protected objects (water areas); in case of detection of violations that create a threat to the security of citizens at protected facilities, and conditions conducive to theft of property, take measures to suppress the identified violations and eliminate these conditions;
11) freely enter at any time of the day on the territory and premises of the objects protected by the troops of the National Guard, inspect them in order to prevent crimes or administrative offenses, as well as to detain persons who illegally entered or tried to enter the protected objects;
12) to carry out acceptance, storage and destruction of seized, voluntarily handed over or found firearms, gas, cold steel and other weapons, ammunition, ammunition for weapons, explosive devices, explosives;
13) when performing the service for the protection of public order, ensuring public safety in the water areas of water bodies, inspect floating facilities (vessels);
14) conduct reconnaissance in the areas of performance of service and combat missions. The organization and procedure for conducting reconnaissance by the troops of the National Guard are determined by regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation;
15) to issue to citizens and organizations, if there are grounds provided for by federal law, licenses for the acquisition of civilian and service weapons; licenses for carrying out activities for the sale of weapons, the main parts of firearms and cartridges for it; licenses for the display and (or) collection of weapons, the main parts of firearms and cartridges for it; permits for the storage or storage and carrying of civilian and service weapons, for the storage and carrying of award weapons, for transportation, import into the territory of the Russian Federation and export from the territory of the Russian Federation of the said weapon and cartridges for it; permits for the storage and use or storage and carrying of certain types and models of combat small arms and service weapons received for temporary use in accordance with federal law; keep records of weapons and cartridges for them in accordance with federal law;
16) control the circulation of civilian, service and award weapons, ammunition, ammunition for weapons, the safety and technical condition of military hand-held small arms and service weapons that are in temporary use by citizens and organizations, as well as compliance by citizens and organizations with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of arms circulation ;
17) to carry out control firing of weapons with a rifled barrel;
18) issue, if there are grounds provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, licenses to carry out private security activities; issue certificates of a private security guard to confirm the legal status; conduct periodic checks of private security guards and employees of legal entities with special statutory tasks for suitability for action in conditions associated with the use of weapons and special means;
19) issue, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, for temporary use to individuals and legal entities certain types, types and models of weapons and cartridges for them, provided for by regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation;
20) exercise control over the activities of private security organizations, as well as participate in monitoring compliance by educational organizations implementing professional training programs for private security guards and additional professional programs for heads of private security organizations, the requirements and conditions established by the legislation of the Russian Federation;
21) to protect, on a contractual basis, especially important and sensitive objects, objects on communications, objects subject to mandatory protection in accordance with the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, property of citizens and organizations, as well as ensure prompt response to reports of the operation of a security, security and fire and alarm signaling at the objects connected to the centralized monitoring consoles of the units of the National Guard Troops, the protection of which is carried out with the help of technical means of protection, for this purpose, immediately arrive at the scene of the crime, administrative offense, scene of the incident, stop illegal acts, eliminate threats to the security of citizens and public security, document the circumstances of the commission of an administrative offense, the circumstances of the incident, ensure the safety of the traces of the crime, administrative offense, incident;
22) exercise federal state control (supervision) over ensuring the safety of fuel and energy complex facilities;
23) exercise, in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, control over the activities of security units of legal entities with special statutory tasks and departmental security units, unless otherwise established by federal law;
24) to check the places of production, storage, trade, collection and display of weapons, the main parts of firearms, the places of production of ammunition for weapons and components of cartridges, as well as to check the objects where they are circulated, the places of disposal of ammunition; check with citizens documents confirming the legality of their possession of civilian, service or award weapons or their use; agree on the requirements for the content of training programs for individuals in order to study the rules of safe handling of weapons and acquire skills in the safe handling of weapons; establish a procedure for testing knowledge of the rules for the safe handling of weapons and the availability of skills for the safe handling of weapons in organizations determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, and participate in testing such knowledge and skills in these organizations; conduct inspections of the places of storage and use of special means in private security organizations; based on the results of inspections, issue mandatory instructions to citizens and officials to eliminate identified violations of the rules for the circulation of weapons, ammunition, ammunition for weapons and special means; seize, in cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation, weapons, ammunition, ammunition for weapons, their main parts and special means; restrict, in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, the activities of the relevant facilities and apply other measures provided for by federal legislation; to participate in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in conducting inspections of places of production, storage, use and distribution of explosive materials for industrial use and pyrotechnic products of classes IV and V;
25) establish the accuracy of the information contained in the documents submitted for making a decision on the issuance of licenses or permits provided for in paragraphs 15 and 18 of this article, including by conducting an interview with the applicant for a license or permit, as well as by sending requests to the relevant law enforcement, licensing controlling, supervisory and other state bodies, as well as organizations; extend the period of validity and reissue issued licenses and permits, refuse to issue licenses and permits if there are grounds provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation; upon detection of violations, take measures to suspend the validity of licenses and permits, their cancellation, as well as other measures provided for by federal law; extend the period of validity, decide on the suspension of the period of validity or on the annulment of the certificate (duplicate certificate) of a private security guard;
26) enter freely upon presentation of an official ID into the premises occupied by private security organizations, as well as into the premises of organizations engaged in educational activities under programs vocational training private security guards and additional professional programs for the heads of private security organizations, in order to fulfill the duties assigned to the troops of the National Guard to monitor compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of private security activities; inspect the places of storage of special means and firearms; check the organization of security, carried out by private security organizations, for compliance with the established rules; receive written and oral information about private security organizations, private security guards and about organizations that carry out educational activities under professional training programs for private security guards and additional professional programs for heads of private security organizations; issue binding orders to eliminate identified violations of the rules of private security activities;
27) to execute the decisions of the court (judge) on the paid seizure or confiscation of weapons and ammunition;
28) wear civilian clothes, as well as uniforms and insignia of employees of federal executive bodies, employees of organizations in the manner determined by the regulatory legal acts of the head of the authorized federal executive body;
29) to stop vehicles if it is necessary to fulfill the duties assigned to the troops of the national guard to participate in security traffic in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
30) to suppress mass riots in settlements, and, if necessary, in correctional institutions;
31) receive free of charge from government agencies and their officials, the information necessary to fulfill the duties assigned to the authorized federal executive body, except in cases where federal laws establish a ban on the transfer of such information.
2. When performing tasks for the protection of important state facilities, special cargo, structures on communications subject to protection by the troops of the national guard, authorized officials of the troops of the national guard are given the right to issue to the heads of these facilities or heads or officials of organizations, important state facilities, and (or ) special cargoes, and (or) structures on the communications of which are subject to protection by the troops of the National Guard (with the exception of the heads (officials) of nuclear facilities), mandatory orders to eliminate violations of the requirements for equipment by engineering and technical means of protection of important state facilities, special cargo, facilities on communications subject to protection by the troops of the national guard. If these violations are detected at nuclear facilities, officials of the National Guard Troops are obliged to report this to the appropriate body for managing the use of atomic energy and the federal executive body exercising federal state supervision in the field of the use of atomic energy, or its territorial bodies within five working days. days from the date of detection of such violations. The procedure for the exercise of these powers by officials of the National Guard Troops and the list of such persons are approved by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
3. Officials of units of the National Guard Troops have the right to issue to the heads and officials of organizations whose facilities are guarded by the National Guard Troops in accordance with the list approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, and in the cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, to the heads and officials of other organizations of instructions on compliance with the established requirements for the engineering and technical strengthening of facilities and on ensuring the safety of citizens, issue in the course of exercising control over the activities of the security units of legal entities with special statutory tasks and departmental security units, as well as over ensuring the security of fuel and energy complex facilities, unless otherwise established by the federal by law, binding orders to eliminate the identified violations in their security activities, in the field of arms trafficking and ensuring the safety of state and municipal property.
4. The procedure for organizing interaction between the troops of the National Guard and the federal executive body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and legal regulation in the field of internal affairs, in the field of control over the circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, in the field of migration ( hereinafter referred to as the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs), its territorial bodies (subdivisions) when performing tasks of protecting public order and ensuring public safety, the powers of officials are determined by joint regulatory legal acts of the authorized federal executive body and the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs.
Article 10 Detention
1. Servicemen (employees) of the National Guard troops have the right to detain until they are transferred to the police:
1) persons suspected of committing a crime, as well as persons in respect of whom a preventive measure in the form of detention has been chosen;
2) persons who have escaped from custody, as well as persons who evade serving a criminal sentence, from receiving an order to send them to the place of serving the sentence, or who did not arrive at the place of serving the sentence within the time period established in the specified order;
3) persons evading the execution of an administrative penalty in the form of administrative arrest;
4) persons who are wanted;
5) persons in respect of whom proceedings are being conducted on cases of administrative offenses referred by the legislation on administrative offenses to the jurisdiction of the troops of the National Guard - on the grounds, in the manner and for the period provided for by the legislation on administrative offenses;
6) persons who violated the curfew rules;
7) persons who illegally entered or tried to enter the territory of objects protected by the troops of the National Guard.
2. A person subjected to detention (hereinafter referred to as the detained person), accompanied by military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops and in compliance with conditions that exclude a threat to their life and health, is subject to delivery to the nearest internal affairs body as soon as possible, but no later than three hours from the moment of arrest.
3. In each case of detention, a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops is obliged to explain to the detained person the grounds for detention.
4. The period of detention is calculated from the moment of actual restriction of the freedom of movement of the detained person.
5. Detained persons, belongings and documents with them, as well as their vehicles, floating facilities (vessels) are subject to inspection in the manner established by the legislation on administrative offenses, unless a different procedure is established by federal law.
6. On each case of detention by military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops of a minor, his parents or other legal representatives are immediately notified.
7. The detention of a foreign citizen or citizen of a foreign state by military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops is immediately notified to the diplomatic mission or consular office of the relevant foreign state in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
8. The command of the military unit in which this serviceman is doing military service shall be immediately notified of the detention by the servicemen (employees) of the National Guard troops of a serviceman.
9. Servicemen (employees) of the National Guard Troops take, if necessary, measures to provide the detainee with first aid, as well as measures to eliminate the threat to the life and health of citizens or property that has arisen during detention.
Article 11. Opening a vehicle
1. Troops of the National Guard have the right to open a vehicle, including penetration into it when performing combat service (service), in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as:
1) to save the lives of citizens;
2) to ensure the safety of citizens or public safety during riots and emergency situations;
3) to detain persons suspected or accused of committing a crime;
4) to prevent a crime;
5) to inspect the vehicle and (or) cargo, if there are reasons to believe that the vehicle contains, without a special permit, items or things that are withdrawn from civil circulation or have limited circulation;
6) to verify a message about the threat of a terrorist act;
7) to establish the circumstances of the accident.
2. Before opening the vehicle, with the exception of cases when this is not possible, a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops is obliged to name his position, rank, surname, present, at the request of the owner or other legal owner of the vehicle or citizens in it, an official certificate , warn of their intention, explain to them the reason and grounds for opening the vehicle, as well as the rights and obligations of citizens arising in connection with this.
3. No later than 24 hours from the moment of opening the vehicle, the owner of the vehicle is informed about the opening of the vehicle, if such opening was carried out in his absence, in the manner determined by the federal executive body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and regulatory legal regulation in the field of activities of the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, in the field of arms trafficking, in the field of private security activities and in the field of private security.
4. The troops of the National Guard, in the absence of the owner or other legal owner of the opened vehicle, shall ensure that unauthorized persons do not enter the vehicle.
Article 12
1. Entry (penetration) of military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops into residential premises, other premises and land plots belonging to citizens, into premises, land plots and territories occupied by organizations, regardless of ownership (with the exception of premises, land plots and territories of diplomatic missions and consular offices foreign countries, representative offices of international organizations), in the water area is allowed when performing military service in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as:
1) to protect (save) the lives of citizens and (or) their property, to ensure the safety of citizens or public safety in case of riots and emergency situations;
2) for the implementation of measures to combat terrorism and extremism;
3) to detain persons suspected of committing a crime;
4) to prevent a crime.
2. When entering (penetrating) residential premises, other premises and land plots belonging to citizens, premises, land plots and territories occupied by organizations, a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops has the right, if necessary, to break open (destroy) locking devices, elements and structures that prevent penetration into the said premises and the said land plots and territories, and inspection of the objects and vehicles located there.
3. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops who enters (penetrates) a dwelling is obliged to:
1) before entering a dwelling, notify the citizens staying there of the grounds for entry (penetration), except in cases where delay poses a direct threat to the life or health of citizens and military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops or may entail other grave consequences;
2) when entering (penetrating) a dwelling, against the will of citizens staying there, use safe methods and means, respect the honor, dignity, life and health of citizens, and prevent unnecessarily causing damage to their property;
3) not to disclose the facts of the private life of citizens who have become known to him in connection with the entry (penetration) into the residential premises;
4) inform the immediate commander (chief) and within 24 hours submit a report on the fact of entry (penetration) into the living quarters.
4. About each case of entry (penetration) of a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops into a residential premises as soon as possible, but no later than 24 hours from the moment of entry (penetration), the owner of this premises and (or) citizens living in it are informed, if such entry (penetration) was carried out in their absence.
5. About each case of entry (penetration) of a serviceman (employee) of the troops of the National Guard into a dwelling, against the will of the citizens living (located) in it, the prosecutor is notified in writing within 24 hours.
6. The procedure for informing a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops of his immediate commander (chief), owner of the premises and (or) citizens living in it and the prosecutor about the case of entry (penetration) into the premises is determined by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
7. Military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops take measures to prevent unauthorized persons from accessing residential premises, other premises and land plots belonging to citizens, premises, land plots and territories occupied by organizations, and to protect the property located there, if the entry (penetration) was accompanied by the actions provided for by paragraph 2 of this article.
Article 13
1. Servicemen (employees) of the National Guard Troops have the right to cordon off (block) sections of the terrain (water area):
1) when eliminating the consequences of accidents, natural and man-made disasters and other emergencies, when carrying out quarantine measures during epidemics and (or) epizootics;
2) when carrying out measures to suppress mass riots and other actions that disrupt traffic, the operation of communications and organizations;
3) when searching for persons who have escaped from custody, and persons evading serving a criminal sentence;
4) in the prosecution of persons suspected of committing a crime;
5) when checking information about the discovery of explosives or explosive devices or poisonous or radioactive substances.
2. When cordoning off (blocking) sections of the terrain (water area), the movement of vehicles and pedestrians, floating facilities (vessels) and swimmers may be restricted or prohibited, if this is necessary to ensure the safety of citizens and public order, to conduct investigative actions, operational-search measures, protection of the scene of a crime or administrative offense, the scene of an incident, as well as for the protection of property objects that are in danger.
3. The cordon (blocking) may also be carried out in relation to residential premises, buildings and other objects belonging to citizens and organizations, if this is necessary to prevent a threat to the life or health of citizens who cannot be protected in any other way.
4. When carrying out the actions specified in parts 1 - 3 of this article, the military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops take measures to ensure the normal life of the population, explain to citizens the most convenient routes of movement in the current situation.
5. The procedure and the list of officials who decide to cordon off (block) sections of the terrain (water area), residential premises, buildings and other objects are determined by the head of the authorized federal executive body in agreement with the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs.
Article 14. Formation and maintenance of data banks about citizens
1. The troops of the National Guard have the right to process data on citizens necessary to fulfill the tasks assigned to the troops of the National Guard, with the subsequent entry of the information received into data banks about citizens (hereinafter referred to as data banks).
2. The formation and maintenance of data banks are carried out by the troops of the National Guard in accordance with the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
3. The following information shall be entered into data banks:
1) about persons who have received a certificate of a private security guard;
2) about persons owning weapons.
4. The troops of the National Guard ensure the protection of information contained in data banks from unauthorized and accidental access, destruction, copying, distribution and other illegal actions.
5. Information contained in data banks is provided to internal affairs bodies (police) and their officials, and in cases provided for by federal law, to state bodies and their officials; law enforcement foreign states and international police organizations in accordance with the international treaties of the Russian Federation.
6. The troops of the National Guard are obliged to provide the citizen with the opportunity to get acquainted, in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, with the information contained in data banks that directly affects his rights and freedoms.
7. The processing of personal data is carried out in accordance with the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of personal data.
8. Personal data contained in data banks are subject to destruction upon achievement of the purposes of processing or in case of loss of the need to achieve these purposes.
Article 15
1. Servicemen (employees) of the National Guard troops, in order to ensure the state of emergency, have the right to:
1) temporarily prohibit or restrict the movement of vehicles and pedestrians on the streets and roads, floating facilities (vessels) and swimmers in the water area, carry out their inspection in order to protect the life, health and property of citizens;
2) use in urgent cases vehicles belonging to organizations (with the exception of vehicles belonging to diplomatic missions and consular offices of foreign states, representative offices of international organizations, as well as special purpose vehicles), vehicles and floating vehicles (ships) belonging to organizations or citizens, to travel to the place of emergency situations and in other emergency circumstances, to deliver to medical organizations persons in need of emergency medical care, as well as to prosecute persons who have committed crimes or are suspected of committing them, and delivering them to the police;
3) not to allow citizens in order to protect their life, health and property to certain areas of the area and objects; to oblige them to leave the indicated areas of the terrain and objects;
4) to freely use lines, channels and means of communication belonging to organizations for official purposes (with the exception of lines, channels and means of communication belonging to diplomatic missions, consular offices of foreign states and representative offices of international organizations);
5) receive free of charge from organizations the information necessary for the servicemen (employees) of the National Guard Troops to perform their official duties, except for cases when the legislation of the Russian Federation establishes a different procedure for obtaining relevant information;
6) to carry out checks of citizens' documents proving their identity, if there is evidence that citizens have weapons, ammunition, explosives, special means, to conduct personal searches of citizens, search of their belongings, residential and other premises, vehicles, floating funds (vessels);
7) detain citizens who have violated the curfew rules established in accordance with federal legislation until its end, and detain persons who do not have documents proving their identity with them until their identity is established, but not more than for the period provided for by federal legislation , with their subsequent delivery to the police;
8) take urgent measures to save people, protect property left unattended, ensure the protection of public order in emergency situations and other emergency circumstances, while ensuring the state of emergency, including at transport facilities and transport infrastructure.
2. In order to ensure the regime of martial law, the legal regime of the counter-terrorist operation, as well as participation in the counter-terrorist operation, military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops are granted the right to apply measures and temporary restrictions provided for by the federal legislation on martial law and on countering terrorism, respectively.
Article 16
1. Federal executive authorities and their officials, within their powers:
1) grant free of charge to aircraft (ships, boats, floating facilities (vessels) of the National Guard troops when they perform tasks to ensure the state of emergency, martial law, the legal regime of the counter-terrorist operation, tasks in the conditions of the counter-terrorist operation and other emergencies, the right to priority use of air (water) space, landing, parking, takeoff, obtaining navigation, meteorological and other information necessary to ensure flights (shipping) at airports, airfields, landing sites (at sea and river ports, at berths) under the jurisdiction of the federal executive authorities;
2) carry out on a paid basis refueling aircraft (ships, boats, floating facilities (vessels) of the National Guard troops, performing the tasks assigned to them, with fuel and lubricants, providing them with water and electricity, as well as spare parts;
3) represent the troops of the national guard necessary information in order to implement the powers assigned to the troops of the National Guard. The procedure for presenting such information is determined by joint decisions of the authorized federal executive body and the relevant federal executive bodies.
2. The federal executive body authorized in the field of defense, the federal executive body authorized in the field of communications, the federal executive body authorized in the field of transport, and other federal executive bodies shall provide the National Guard troops with free lines, channels and means communications when they perform tasks to ensure the state of emergency, martial law, the legal regime of the counter-terrorist operation, tasks in the conditions of the counter-terrorist operation and other emergency situations.
3. The federal executive body authorized in the field of defense:
1) provides the troops of the National Guard with air, sea and river vessels, floating equipment, weapons, equipment, food, clothing and medical equipment in the performance of tasks to ensure the regimes of the state of emergency, martial law, the legal regime of the counter-terrorist operation, tasks in the conditions of the counter-terrorist operation and others emergency situations;
2) carry out the accumulation and echeloning of stocks of weapons, equipment, technical equipment, ammunition, fuel and lubricants, spare parts, food, clothing, medical and other property at the bases, warehouses and arsenals of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation for the troops of the National Guard for wartime ;
3) assist in the repair and restoration of damaged and out of order weapons and equipment of the National Guard troops;
4) provides, if necessary, training grounds, training centers and other facilities of the educational and material base for the preparation of the National Guard troops for the performance of service and combat missions;
5) provides assistance in medical and medical-evacuation activities of the National Guard troops.
4. Rail carriers, carriers in inland water transport and air transport:
1) at the request of the command and control bodies of the National Guard troops, as a matter of priority, for a fee, they provide the number of railway rolling stock (containers), seats in passenger trains, sea and river vessels, aircraft, stipulated by the application, in order to timely carry out military and special railway transportation, including sending military echelons (transports) and transportation of the following independently military personnel (employees) of the troops of the national guard (including for the implementation of unscheduled transportation);
2) provide the command and control bodies of the National Guard Troops with the necessary information on the implementation of military and special rail transportation carried out at the request of the command and control bodies of the National Guard Troops, including the dispatch and promotion of military echelons (transports) and military personnel (employees) of the National Guard Troops.
5. Officials of the transport authorities, military commandants, representatives of the military transport agencies of the federal executive body authorized in the field of defense, and special transportation agencies of the federal executive body authorized in the field of internal affairs, assist in the transportation of military personnel as a matter of priority (employees) of the troops of the National Guard in the performance of tasks to ensure the state of emergency, martial law, the legal regime of the counter-terrorist operation, tasks in the conditions of the counter-terrorist operation and other emergencies, as well as in the transportation of these military personnel (employees) in the performance of other tasks assigned to troops of the National Guard.
6. The federal executive body authorized in the field of public administration material reserve, carries out the accumulation and maintenance of stocks of fuel and lubricants, food and other material and technical means for the troops of the national guard in the state material reserve.
7. The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the executive and administrative bodies of municipalities (local administrations) and their officials assist the National Guard troops in the performance of the tasks assigned to them, provide, in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, buildings (premises) to the National Guard troops ), structures and land plots for the period of preparation and performance of their service and combat missions.
8. The procedure for the implementation by federal executive bodies, executive bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, executive and administrative bodies of municipalities (local administrations) and their officials of the duties provided for by this article is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation and, in accordance with it, by the highest executive bodies state power constituent entities of the Russian Federation in relation to the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, executive and administrative bodies of municipalities (local administrations) and their officials.
Article 17
Air navigation services for flights of aircraft of the National Guard troops (organization and maintenance of air traffic, provision of aviation telecommunications, provision of aeronautical and meteorological information, search and rescue), as well as radio and lighting engineering, aviation engineering, airfield, emergency rescue and other flight support of such aircraft (with the exception of flights related to commercial air transportation) is carried out free of charge.
Chapter 3
Article 18
1. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops has the right to use physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment personally or as part of a unit (group), and commanders (chiefs) have the right to give orders for their use in cases and in the manner which are provided for by federal constitutional laws, this Federal Law and other federal laws.
2. A serviceman (employee) of the troops of the National Guard is obliged to undergo special training, as well as periodic testing for professional suitability for actions in conditions associated with the use of physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment, and for the ability to provide first aid to victims of the result of their application.
3. Before using physical force, special means, weapons, a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops is obliged to inform the persons in respect of whom the use of physical force, special means, weapons is expected that he is a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops, to warn them about their intention and provide them with the opportunity and time to fulfill the lawful demands of a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops. In the case of the use of physical force, special means or weapons as part of a unit (group), the specified warning is made by one of the servicemen (employees) of the National Guard troops, which is part of the unit (group).
4. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops has the right not to warn about his intention to apply physical strength, special means, weapons, if delay in their use creates a direct threat to the life or health of a citizen or serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops or may entail other grave consequences, as well as when repelling an attack on protected objects, special cargo, facilities on communications and own facilities of the National Guard troops.
5. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops, when using physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment, acts taking into account the current situation, the nature and degree of danger of the actions of persons against whom physical force, special means, weapons, combat and special technique, the nature and strength of their resistance. At the same time, a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops is obliged to strive to minimize any damage.
6. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops is obliged to provide first aid to a citizen who has received bodily injuries as a result of the use of physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment, and also to take measures to provide him with medical care as soon as possible.
7. About the infliction of injuries on a citizen as a result of the use of physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment by a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops, close relatives or close persons of a citizen are notified as soon as possible, but not more than 24 hours.
8. About each case of inflicting injury to a citizen or the occurrence of death of a citizen as a result of the use of physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment by a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops as soon as possible, but no later than 24 hours, the prosecutor is notified.
9. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops is obliged, if possible, to preserve without change the place of commission of a crime, an administrative offense, the scene of an incident if, as a result of the use of physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment, a citizen is injured or his death occurs.
10. On each case of the use of physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment, as a result of which harm was caused to the health of a citizen or material damage was caused to a citizen (organization), a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops is obliged to immediately report to the immediate commander (chief) .
11. As part of a unit (group), a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops uses physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment in accordance with federal law, guided by the orders and instructions of the commander (chief) of this unit (group).
12. Exceeding the powers by a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops when using physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment shall entail liability established by the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation.
13. In a state of necessary defense, in case of emergency or when detaining a person who has committed a crime, a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops, if he does not have the necessary special means or weapons, has the right to use any means at hand.
14. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops is not responsible for the harm caused to citizens and organizations when using physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment, if the use of physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment was carried out according to on the grounds and in the manner established by federal constitutional laws, this Federal Law and other federal laws. Compensation for such damage is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation at the expense of the federal budget in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Article 19. Use of physical force
1. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops has the right, personally or as part of a subdivision (group), to use physical force, including combat fighting techniques, if non-forceful methods do not ensure the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the National Guard Troops, in the following cases:
1) to suppress crimes and administrative offenses;
2) to detain and deliver to the police the persons suspected of committing a crime, as well as persons in respect of whom there is a reason to initiate proceedings on an administrative offense;
3) to overcome opposition to the legitimate demands of a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops.
2. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops has the right to use physical force in all cases where this Federal Law allows the use of special means, weapons, military and special equipment.
Article 20. Use of special means
1. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops has the right personally or as part of a subdivision (group) to use special means in the following cases:
1) to repel an attack on a citizen or a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops;
2) to suppress a crime or an administrative offense;
3) to suppress resistance to a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops;
4) to detain a person caught committing a crime and trying to escape;
5) to detain a person, if this person can provide armed resistance or prevent the performance of the duties assigned to him by a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops;
6) for delivery to the police, as well as for the purpose of suppressing an attempt to escape in the event that a person resists a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops, causing harm to others or himself;
7) for the release of hostages, seized buildings, premises, structures, vehicles, floating facilities (vessels) and land plots;
8) to suppress mass riots and other unlawful actions that violate the traffic, the operation of communications and organizations;
9) to stop a vehicle, floating vehicle (vessel), if the person driving this vehicle, floating vehicle (vessel) has not complied with the lawful demand of a police officer or a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops to stop;
10) to protect objects and structures guarded by the National Guard troops, to block the movement of groups that commit illegal actions;
11) to repulse a group or armed attack on objects guarded by the National Guard troops, special cargo, facilities on communications, as well as own objects of the National Guard troops.
2. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops has the right to use the following special means:
1) special sticks - in the cases provided for in paragraphs 1-5, 7, 8, 10 and 11 of part 1 of this article;
2) means of irritant action - in the cases provided for in paragraphs 1-5, 7, 8, 10 and 11 of part 1 of this article;
3) means of restricting mobility - in the cases provided for in clauses 3, 4 and 6 of part 1 of this article. In the absence of means of restricting mobility, a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops has the right to use improvised means of binding;
4) water cannons - in the cases provided for in clauses 7, 8 and 11 of part 1 of this article;
5) special coloring and marking agents - in the cases provided for in point 10 of part 1 of this article;
6) shock-shock means - in the cases provided for in paragraphs 1, 4, 7, 8 and 11 of part 1 of this article;
7) electroshock devices - in the cases provided for in paragraphs 1-5, 7, 8 and 11 of part 1 of this article;
8) light-shock devices - in the cases provided for in paragraphs 1-5, 7, 8 and 11 of part 1 of this article;
9) light and acoustic special means - in the cases provided for in paragraphs 5, 7, 8, 10 and 11 of part 1 of this article;
10) light and sound means of distracting influence - in the cases provided for in paragraphs 1, 4, 6 - 8 and 11 of part 1 of this article;
11) means of destroying barriers - in the cases provided for in clauses 5 and 7 of part 1 of this article;
12) means of forced stopping of transport - in the cases provided for in paragraphs 9-11 of part 1 of this article;
13) means of restraining movement - in the cases provided for in paragraphs 1-5 of part 1 of this article;
14) means of protecting protected objects (territories), blocking the movement of groups of citizens committing unlawful acts - in the cases provided for in paragraphs 10 and 11 of part 1 of this article;
15) service animals - in the cases provided for in clauses 1-7, 10 and 11 of part 1 of this article.
3. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops has the right to use special means in all cases when the use of weapons is permitted by this Federal Law.
4. It is forbidden to use special means in relation to women with visible signs of pregnancy, persons with clear signs disability and minors, with the exception of cases when the said persons provide armed resistance, commit a group or other attack that threatens the life or health of citizens or a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops.
5. It is not allowed to use water cannons at air temperatures below zero degrees Celsius, means of forced stopping of transport in relation to vehicles intended for the carriage of passengers (if there are passengers), vehicles belonging to diplomatic missions, consular offices of foreign states, representative offices of international organizations, and also in relation to motorcycles, sidecars, motor scooters and mopeds; on mountain roads or sections of roads with limited visibility; on railway crossings, bridges, viaducts, overpasses, in tunnels.
6. Other restrictions related to the use of special means by a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops may be established by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
Article 21. Use of weapons
1. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops has the right to use weapons personally or as part of a unit (group) in the following cases:
1) to protect citizens, military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops, officials of state bodies and local self-government bodies;
2) to suppress an attempt to seize weapons, military, special and other equipment, own facilities of the National Guard troops;
3) for the release of hostages, the suppression of terrorist and other criminal encroachments;
4) to detain persons who are caught committing an act containing signs of a grave or especially grave crime against life, health or property, and who are trying to hide or are offering armed resistance;
5) to fire a warning shot, as well as to give an alarm signal or call for help by firing a shot upwards or in another safe direction;
6) to stop attempts by persons to illegally enter the territories (water areas) (leave the territories (water areas) of objects protected by the National Guard troops, as well as posts and other places where the National Guard troops perform combat service, if it is impossible to stop these attempts in another way;
7) to stop a vehicle, floating facility (ship) by damaging it, if the driver (captain) refuses to stop, despite the lawful demands of police officers or military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops;
8) to neutralize an animal that threatens the life or health of citizens or a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops;
9) for the destruction of locking devices, elements and structures that prevent penetration into residential and other premises owned by individuals and land plots belonging to them, into the territory and premises of organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, on the grounds provided for in Article 12 of this Federal Law.
2. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops has the right to use weapons in all cases when the use of military and special equipment is permitted by this Federal Law.
3. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops has the right to use weapons without warning when repelling an attack using weapons, military and special equipment, vehicles, aircraft, sea or river vessels.
4. It is forbidden to use weapons against women with visible signs of pregnancy, persons with obvious signs of disability and minors, with the exception of cases of armed resistance by these persons, a group or other attack that threatens the life or health of citizens or a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops .
5. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops does not have the right to use weapons in a large crowd of people, if as a result of its use random persons may suffer, except for cases of using weapons in order to prevent (suppress) a terrorist act, release hostages, repel a group or armed attacks on important state facilities, special cargo, facilities on communications guarded by the National Guard troops, and on the own facilities of the National Guard troops.
6. Armed resistance or an armed attack is resistance or an attack committed with the use of weapons of any kind, or objects that are structurally similar to weapons or externally indistinguishable from them, or objects, substances and mechanisms with the help of which serious harm to health or death.
Article 22. Use of combat and special equipment
1. Combat and special equipment, which is in service with the troops of the National Guard, is used in the following cases:
1) for the release of hostages, objects seized by the National Guard troops, special cargo, facilities on communications, own objects of the National Guard troops, military, special and other equipment;
2) to protect citizens, military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops, officials of state bodies and local self-government bodies;
3) to stop a vehicle, floating facility (vessel) by damaging it, if the driver (captain) refuses to stop, despite the lawful demands of police officers or military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops, and tries to hide, endangering the life and health of citizens;
4) to repel a group or armed attack (including using vehicles) on objects guarded by the National Guard troops, special cargo, facilities on communications, own objects of the National Guard troops, on premises occupied by state bodies, local authorities, organizations and public associations;
5) to suppress the activities of illegal armed groups;
6) to suppress the resistance of armed persons who refuse to comply with the legitimate demands of a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops to stop illegal actions and surrender the weapons, ammunition, explosives, special means and military equipment that these persons have;
7) to save the lives of citizens and (or) their property, to ensure the safety of citizens or public safety in case of riots and emergency situations.
2. In the cases provided for by clauses 5, 7, 8, 10 and 11 of part 1 of Article 20 of this Federal Law, at the direction of the appropriate commander (chief) - from the commander of the military unit of the National Guard troops, equal to him and above - or his deputy, armored vehicles with subsequent obligatory notification of the prosecutor within 24 hours from the moment of their use.
Article 23
1. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops has the right to draw a weapon and put it on alert, if in the current situation there may be grounds for its use, provided for in Article 21 of this Federal Law.
2. When a person detained by a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops with a weapon on alert, tries to approach him with a naked weapon or with objects that are structurally similar to a weapon or are outwardly indistinguishable from it, including with the help of which a serviceman (employee) ) of the National Guard troops, bodily injury may be inflicted, while reducing the distance indicated by the serviceman (employee), and also when trying to touch his weapon, the serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops has the right to use weapons in accordance with Part 3 of Article 21 of this Federal Law.
3. In the interests of the personal safety of military personnel (employees) of the National Guard Troops and members of their families, it is not allowed to disseminate in public speeches, in the media information about the places of deployment or about the redeployment of command and control bodies of the National Guard Troops, associations, formations, military units of the National Guard Troops , as well as the confidentiality of information about the military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops and members of their families is ensured.
4. The procedure for providing information about the command and control bodies of the National Guard Troops, associations, formations, military units, subdivisions and organizations of the National Guard Troops and their activities, as well as about military personnel (employees) is determined by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
5. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops has the right to carry and store weapons and special means. The procedure for issuing, carrying and storing weapons and special means is determined by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
Chapter 4. Personnel of the National Guard Troops
Article 24. Military service, service in the troops of the National Guard. Staffing of the National Guard troops
1. Military service, service in the troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, state civil service are provided for in the troops of the National Guard.
2. The personnel of the National Guard Troops includes military personnel, employees and civilian personnel (federal state civil servants and employees) of the National Guard Troops.
3. The recruitment of the National Guard troops is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation:
1) military personnel - by conscription of citizens of the Russian Federation for military service on an extraterritorial basis and by voluntary entry of citizens of the Russian Federation into military service;
2) employees - by voluntary admission of citizens of the Russian Federation to serve in the National Guard troops;
3) federal state civil servants;
4) employees.
4. Servicemen (employees) of the National Guard troops must have the necessary professional, legal and physical training, skillfully use service weapons, special means and weapons and equipment assigned to them.
5. Servicemen (employees) of the National Guard troops are subject to mandatory state fingerprint registration in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.
6. Officials of the bodies of command and control of the troops of the National Guard, associations, formations, military units and organizations of the troops of the National Guard participate in the selection of citizens of the Russian Federation, subject to conscription for military service, for service in the troops of the National Guard.
7. The selection of citizens of the Russian Federation subject to conscription for military service for service in the National Guard troops is carried out in agreement with the federal executive body authorized in the field of security.
8. The troops of the national guard are granted the right to independently, in the manner determined by the head of the authorized federal executive body, select (including on a competitive basis) candidates for military service under a contract in the troops of the national guard and determine the compliance of candidates with the requirements for citizens entering the military service (service) under a contract, including through psychological and psychophysiological studies (examinations) using specialized technical devices that do not harm human life and health and do not harm the environment.
9. Medical examination of citizens entering military service under a contract, for service in the troops of the national guard, is carried out in medical organizations of the authorized federal executive body or the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs at the expense of funds provided for in the federal budget, respectively, to the authorized federal body executive power, the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs for these purposes.
10. Lists of military positions that can be filled by female military personnel, civilian personnel of the National Guard troops (with the exception of military positions for which the state provides for military ranks of senior officers, as well as military positions that can be filled by federal state civil servants) are established by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
11. Servicemen (employees) and civilian personnel of the National Guard Troops are issued service certificates confirming the identity, position, rights and powers granted to the serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops. Samples, categories of persons and the procedure for issuing service certificates are approved by the authorized federal executive body.
Article 25
1. Training of personnel for the troops of the National Guard is carried out by:
1) training in accordance with the federal law on educational programs:
a) basic general and secondary general education integrated with additional general developmental programs aimed at preparing underage students for military or other public service;
b) secondary vocational education;
c) higher education;
d) additional professional education;
e) vocational training;
2) professional and official, commander and combat training of military personnel;
3) professional service and physical training of employees.
2. Training of personnel for the troops of the National Guard and their additional professional education are carried out in federal state organizations that carry out educational activities and are under the jurisdiction of the National Guard troops. The training of personnel for the troops of the national guard in military educational organizations of higher education of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and educational organizations of higher education of the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs is carried out at the expense of budgetary appropriations provided for in the federal budget to the authorized federal executive body for these purposes.
3. The training of personnel for the troops of the national guard in accordance with paragraph 1 of part 1 of this article is carried out at the expense of budgetary appropriations provided in the federal budget for the authorized federal executive body for these purposes.
4. Additional professional education of military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops is carried out in organizations engaged in educational activities.
5. The procedure for organizing additional professional education for servicemen (employees) of the National Guard Troops, including the forms of training and terms for mastering additional professional programs, is established by the authorized federal executive body.
6. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops, who is doing military service (service) under a contract and having a higher education, may, with his consent, be sent to study on a part-time or part-time basis to receive higher education in another specialty or other area of training in in the manner determined by the authorized federal executive body.
7. A serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops may receive additional professional education outside the territory of the Russian Federation on the basis of international treaties of the Russian Federation.
8. Professional service and physical training of employees, vocational, command and combat training of military personnel are carried out at the place of military service (service) of a military serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops.
9. The training of officers, warrant officers (warrant officers), sergeants (foremen) and junior specialists of the National Guard troops can be carried out in training military units (centers, training units) of the National Guard troops, as well as in educational organizations, training units (centers) of other federal bodies executive power (on a contractual basis). The training of warrant officers (warrant officers) can also be carried out in the schools of warrant officers of the National Guard troops and in training military units (centers, training units) of other federal executive authorities (on a contractual basis).
Chapter 5. Guarantees of legal and social protection of servicemen (employees) of the National Guard troops
Article 26
1. The procedure for the performance by military personnel (employees) of the National Guard Troops of the tasks assigned to them, the procedure and conditions for their military service, the performance of service and combat (operational-service, service, combat) tasks, official and special duties of military personnel (employees) of the National Guard Troops and the procedure for their execution are determined by federal constitutional laws, this Federal Law, other federal laws, regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation, as well as other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.
2. Servicemen (employees) of the National Guard Troops, when performing combat service, performing service-combat (operational-service, service, combat) tasks, are representatives of the authorities and are under the protection of the state in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. No one, with the exception of state bodies and officials authorized to do so by federal laws, has the right to interfere in their official activities.
3. The duration of military service, the performance of service and combat tasks by the military personnel of the National Guard troops is determined by the time the serviceman is actually in the composition of the guard, garrison, outpost, military order, as well as in the military units (subdivisions) involved in the performance assigned to the troops of the National Guard tasks.
4. Obstructing the performance of service duties by a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard Troops, insulting him, resisting him, violence or the threat of violence against him in connection with the performance of the specified serviceman (employee) of his official duties, entails liability provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
5. The protection of life and health, honor and dignity, as well as the property of a serviceman (employee) of the National Guard troops and members of his family from criminal encroachments in connection with the performance of his official duties is carried out in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
6. When a serviceman (employee) of the troops of the National Guard performs service-combat (operational-service, service, combat) tasks, his drive, detention, personal search and search of his belongings, as well as search of personal and used transport, floating craft ( courts) without an official representative of the National Guard troops or a court decision.
7. Information about the servicemen (employees) of the National Guard troops who performed (performed) special tasks to counter terrorism, ensure the security of persons in respect of whom a decision was made to apply state protection measures, constitute a state secret.
8. The term for engaging servicemen (employees) of the National Guard troops to carry out tasks to ensure the state of emergency, the legal regime of the counter-terrorist operation, tasks in the conditions of the counter-terrorist operation should not exceed three months.
9. When performing tasks to ensure the state of emergency, the legal regime of the counter-terrorist operation and tasks in the conditions of the counter-terrorist operation, military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops are paid allowances, additional cash payments are made in the manner and amounts that are established by federal laws, regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Federation Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation, as well as regulatory legal acts of the authorized federal executive body.
1. Organizations, important state facilities, and (or) special cargoes, and (or) structures on whose communications are subject to protection by the troops of the National Guard in accordance with the lists approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, are obliged to:
1) provide for the military personnel of the National Guard troops who are serving under a contract in military units, performing tasks for the protection of important state facilities, and (or) special cargo, and (or) facilities on communications, and who do not have housing in a populated area at the place military service, as well as members of their families living together with them for the period of military service in these military units with official living quarters or living quarters in a hostel, related to the living quarters of a specialized housing stock and under the economic jurisdiction or operational management of these organizations;
2) to place servicemen of the National Guard Troops who are conscripted for military service in military units performing the tasks of protecting important state facilities, and (or) special cargo, and (or) structures on communications, in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
2. Organizations, important state facilities, and (or) special cargo, and (or) facilities on whose communications are subject to protection by the troops of the national guard in accordance with the lists approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, in the absence of residential premises of a specialized housing stock, are obliged to provide military personnel of the national guard troops guards who are doing military service under a contract in military units performing tasks for the protection of important state facilities, and (or) special cargo, and (or) structures on communications, not provided with living quarters in the manner prescribed by part 1 of this article, as well as living together with them to their family members for the period of military service in these military units on the terms of gratuitous use of residential premises owned by these organizations or rented by them at the expense of funds from their main and (or) entrepreneurial activities.
3. Servicemen of the troops of the National Guard, performing military service under a contract in military units, performing tasks for the protection of important state facilities, and (or) special cargo, and (or) structures on communications, for the period of military service in these military units, and also, if it is impossible to provide them with living quarters in accordance with parts 1 and 2 of this article, they are also provided with official living quarters or living quarters in a hostel related to living quarters of a specialized housing stock formed by the authorized federal executive body at the expense of budgetary appropriations provided for in federal budget to the specified federal executive body for these purposes.
4. In the absence of residential premises specified in paragraph 3 of this article, military units rent residential premises to provide military personnel and members of their families living together with them or, at the request of military personnel, pay them monthly monetary compensation for hiring (sub-renting) residential premises in the manner and in amounts determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, with compensation for expenses incurred by the military unit, organizations, important state facilities, and (or) special cargo, and (or) structures on the communications of which are subject to protection by the troops of the National Guard in accordance with the lists approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Article 28
1. Military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops, citizens dismissed from military service (service), and members of their families have the right to medical care and sanatorium treatment provided for by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation for military personnel (employees) , citizens discharged from military service (service), and members of their families.
2. Medical support, medical examination, military medical examination and sanatorium treatment of military personnel (employees) of the troops of the national guard, citizens dismissed from military service (service) from the troops of the national guard and internal troops, on which, in accordance with federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation extend the rights and social guarantees for medical care and sanatorium treatment established for military personnel (employees) and members of their families, are carried out in medical organizations of the authorized federal executive body or the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs in in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, at the expense of the funds provided in the federal budget, respectively, to the authorized federal executive body, the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs for these purposes.
3. Medical assistance to military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops is organized in accordance with the procedures for the provision of medical care and on the basis of medical care standards approved by the federal executive body responsible for the development and implementation of state policy and legal regulation in the field of healthcare.
4. An employee who performed the tasks of ensuring law and order and public security in certain regions of the Russian Federation, as well as an employee who served under martial law or a state of emergency, armed conflict, conducting a counter-terrorist operation, eliminating the consequences of accidents, natural and man-made disasters, and others emergency situations and in other special conditions associated with increased danger to life and health, if there are indications for medical and psychological rehabilitation, an additional leave of up to 30 days is granted within a three-month period. The medical and psychological rehabilitation of an employee provided for by this part is free of charge. The list of indications for medical and psychological rehabilitation and the corresponding duration of medical and psychological rehabilitation, the list of categories of employees subject to medical and psychological rehabilitation in the presence of the indicated indications, the procedure and places for medical and psychological rehabilitation are determined by the head of the authorized federal executive body.
5. Features of the organization of medical care in medical organizations of the authorized federal executive body, including in sanatorium treatment, to military personnel, employees, citizens of the Russian Federation, discharged from military service from the internal troops, dismissed from military service (service) in the troops of the National Guard, members of their families and dependents of employees, are established by the head of the authorized federal executive body, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
6. Medical subdivisions (medical companies, medical posts, infirmaries, centers) of formations, military units and organizations of the National Guard troops operate without licensing.
Article 29
1. Servicemen (employees) of the National Guard troops participating in the protection of public order, ensuring public safety for official purposes, are provided with travel documents for all types of public transport (except taxis) of urban, suburban and local traffic in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
2. Servicemen (employees) of the National Guard troops, when exercising their powers to deliver detainees, enjoy the right to travel and transport detainees on all types of public transport (except taxis) of urban, suburban and local communications without purchasing travel documents, and in rural areas on a passing transport upon presentation of a valid identification card.
3. Military personnel (employees) of the National Guard troops serving on railway and water communications or in areas on whose territories a state of emergency or martial law has been introduced, for official purposes, while directly ensuring measures for the protection of communications and ensuring the regime of a state of emergency or martial law, have the right for free travel on trains, on sea or river vessels within the territories of protected communications and the territories of these areas without the purchase of travel documents upon presentation of an official ID.
Chapter 6
Article 30
1. The financial support of the National Guard troops is an expenditure obligation of the Russian Federation.
2. Funds received by the National Guard troops under agreements paid provision services for the protection of property and facilities of citizens and organizations and other services related to ensuring the protection of property under these agreements are federal budget revenues and, after compensation for losses due to theft and circumstances stipulated by the terms of the agreements, are credited to the federal budget in accordance with budget legislation Russian Federation in full.
3. Tariffs for the services provided by the National Guard troops for the protection of property and facilities of citizens and organizations, as well as for other services related to ensuring the protection of property, are determined in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Article 31
1. Provision of the troops of the National Guard with weapons, ammunition, military and special equipment, special means is carried out in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation, and in accordance with the standards established by the authorized federal executive body. The procedure and norms for other types of material and technical support of the troops of the national guard are established by the authorized federal executive body, unless otherwise established by federal laws.
2. Procurement of goods, works and services in the field of activities of the National Guard troops is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and other regulatory legal acts on the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works and services to meet state and municipal needs.
3. The construction, reconstruction or provision of facilities intended to accommodate command and control bodies of the National Guard troops, formations, military units, units and organizations of the National Guard troops, and the consumption of fuel and lubricants are carried out in the manner and according to the standards established for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (taking into account the specifics determined by the head of the authorized federal executive body).
4. Quartering of military units performing the tasks of protecting important state facilities, special cargo, facilities on communications, construction, overhaul, reconstruction, logistics of military camps, buildings and structures intended for the quartering of these military units, as well as construction, overhaul, reconstruction of engineering and technical means of protection, guard rooms, buildings (premises) of commandant's offices, pass offices, ensuring their operation (including the provision and payment utilities), the provision of guard personnel at facilities that produce or use radioactive, emergency hazardous and chemically hazardous substances in production, with personal and collective protective equipment, radiation and chemical monitoring devices, dosimetric monitoring and emergency warning systems is carried out at the expense of organizations, important state objects, and (or) special cargoes, and (or) structures on the communications of which are subject to protection by the troops of the National Guard in accordance with the lists approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
5. Provision of units of the National Guard Troops, carrying out on a contractual basis the protection of property of citizens and organizations, as well as the protection of objects, with technical means of protection, the allocation of service and utility rooms to the specified units with equipment and inventory, carrying out overhaul, reconstruction and provision of technical operation (water supply, heating, lighting, cleaning, repair) of these premises are the obligations of organizations that have concluded agreements on the protection of property and facilities.
6. To organize the protection of objects connected to centralized monitoring consoles, the troops of the National Guard use communication channels provided by communication operators in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of communications. Premises (parts of premises) in communications facilities used to accommodate burglar alarm equipment are leased from telecom operators on a contractual basis.
7. The personnel of the National Guard troops involved in the performance of service-combat (operational-service, service, combat) tasks outside their permanent deployment points are provided with additional food.
Article 32
1. Land plots used by the troops of the National Guard, as well as buildings, structures, equipment and other property of the National Guard troops, created (created) or acquired (acquired) at the expense of budget appropriations of the federal budget and other sources of financing, are federal property. Land are in permanent (unlimited) use, and the property is in the operational management of the authorized federal executive body.
2. Land plots, military camps, buildings and structures occupied by government bodies, formations and military units of the National Guard troops, owned, gratuitously used, permanent (unlimited) use, economic management or operational management of organizations, important state facilities, and ( or) special cargo, and (or) structures on the communications of which are subject to protection by the troops of the national guard in accordance with the lists approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, in case of exclusion of these objects, special cargoes, structures on the communications from the specified lists, they are assigned to the troops of the national guard in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
Chapter 7
Article 33
Supervision over the implementation of federal constitutional laws and federal laws by the National Guard troops is carried out by the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation and prosecutors subordinate to him.
Chapter 8. Final Provisions
Article 34. Final provisions
1. Military personnel of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and employees of the internal affairs bodies who completed military service (service) under a contract before April 5, 2016, as well as citizens admitted to military service (service) after this date before the approval of the states of the relevant government bodies , associations, formations, military units, subdivisions (bodies), military educational organizations of higher education and other organizations of the troops of the national guard, continue to perform military service (service) in the troops of the national guard in accordance with the terms of previously concluded contracts for military service (service) without recertification and reassignment. Such servicemen (employees) retain special ranks, as well as previously assigned class qualifications (qualification category, qualification class, qualification ranks) for the period for which it was awarded.
2. Military educational organizations of higher education, training military units (centers, training units), other organizations that have licenses to carry out educational activities and certificates of state accreditation issued to them before April 5, 2016, carry out educational activities on the basis of these licenses and certificates before their expiration date.
3. Licenses for medical activities, pharmaceutical activities, as well as activities related to the circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors, including the right to transport them, issued to medical organizations of the National Guard troops before April 5, 2016, are not subject to re-issuance and are valid until the expiration of the period specified in them.
4. The contract of compulsory state insurance concluded by the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs in accordance with the Federal Law of March 28, 1998 N 52-FZ "On Compulsory State Insurance of Life and Health of Military Personnel, Citizens Called up for Military Training, Individuals and of the commanding staff of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, the State Fire Service, bodies for controlling the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, employees of institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system "on the day this Federal Law enters into force, applies to military personnel and employees undergoing military service (service) in the troops of the National Guard, until the expiration of its validity.
5. The material and technical support of the troops of the National Guard until the completion of the formation of the bodies of material and technical support of the troops of the National Guard is carried out through the bodies of support (supply) of the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs in the manner determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.
6. Before the equipment in the territorial bodies of the federal executive body authorized in the field of arms circulation, premises for storing weapons and for the production of control firing of firearms with a rifled barrel, but no later than January 1, 2018, the police shall carry out the functions of storing and destroying the seized, voluntarily handed over and found firearms, gas, cold steel and other weapons, ammunition, ammunition for weapons, explosive devices, explosives, the production of control firing of firearms with a rifled barrel, as well as the issuance, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, for temporary use of physical and legal persons certain types, types and models of weapons and cartridges for them, provided for by regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation.
7. Weapons, ammunition, ammunition for weapons, main parts for them and special means, seized by the troops of the National Guard in accordance with paragraph 24 of Part 1 of Article 9 of this Federal Law, shall be transferred until December 31, 2017 for safekeeping to the internal affairs bodies in the manner determined by the authorized federal executive body and the federal executive body in the field of internal affairs.
Article 35
1. This Federal Law shall enter into force on the day of its official publication, with the exception of paragraphs 12, 17 and 19 of Part 1 of Article 9 of this Federal Law.
2. Clauses 12, 17 and 19 of Part 1 of Article 9 of this Federal Law shall enter into force on January 1, 2018.
President of Russian Federation
Power structures exist in order to provide security of the country's citizens.
In 2016 in the Russian Federation a separate structure was created, which has the name "National Guard".
This structure has certain functions, such as maintaining a safe situation for citizens in the country, as well as ensuring the implementation of their rights and freedoms. Previously, there was a certain unit in the internal troops, which was engaged in these functions. However, the government decided to separate the unit into a structure, the prototypes of which were the national guards, which have long existed in other countries.
Russian Federation - largest country in the world by area, therefore, in order to ensure safety in it, a large number of forces are needed. Everyone knows that the security of a country consists of two parts: external and internal, because it is necessary to protect the borders from attacks by other countries, as well as to ensure the safety of residents inside the country.
Of course, these functions should be handled by two different structures, and they should have different functions. Therefore, there has always been a unit that dealt specifically with the supervision of what is happening in society, but until 2016 it was part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Before the decision was made to create a national guard, in our country there were internal troops. Many citizens of our country are sure that in 2016, in fact, nothing has changed, and only the name has changed, but this is not so. The fact is that the internal troops were part of the Ministry of the Interior, that is, part of its structure.
And the National Guard is a separate organization, which is not even subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, but to its own Federal Service, which is considered special. The guard has become much more features as well as more freedom that it can use in order to provide maximum security for citizens.
The activities of the National Guard are based on Constitution our country, and there is also a separate law that says only about these troops. The actions of the guards must necessarily fit within the framework established by law, and if they did not exist, then the organization could not be considered legal.
IN functional The National Guard includes not only the maintenance of law and order in the country, but also the protection of important objects for the country, the fight against any manifestations of extremism, as well as terrorism, law enforcement in the field of arms trafficking and ensuring a state of emergency if it is introduced. In addition to all these functions, the President can add to them what he sees fit, if necessary.
In order to ensure security, an organization must have clear structure, after all, if necessary, all employees must perform certain functions. The structure of the national guard of our country is practically copied from the once existing internal troops.
However, the existing structure is not ideal, so today there is its reform process. For example, they want to include such units as OMON and SOBR in the National Guard. It is worth noting that only people with higher education can get there.
The guard has its own military and civilian functions, for which it includes different types of employees. In total, the organization currently employs about three hundred thousand people.
The equipment of employees is similar to that of the internal troops, however, the guards have more different combat vehicles and types of weapons. In addition, they have special equipment, such as water cannons, which can only be used by employees of this organization.
Also they can detain people, enter their homes and vehicles without warning about it, which distinguishes them from police officers. They can also open fire on people if they feel the need to do so, detain suspected people right on the spot.
It is quite simple to recognize a member of the National Guard in our country, they the uniform is very similar to that of the police, and the emblem is a double-headed golden eagle on a red and white background. Such a bright emblem distinguishes the employee from the crowd.
There is no exact answer to the question why the National Guard was created in our country, the President did not give explanations on this matter. However, the guards have a narrower range of duties compared to the employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, their main task is fight against terrorism and extremism, which is very relevant at the present time.
Fighters always have to be ready for a collision with weapons, so they have a more dangerous job, for which candidates pass a selection process that is more stringent than the selection in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. These differences suggest that the creation of a separate structure was still necessary.
Russia has undergone the largest law enforcement reform since the transformation of the militia into a police force. Among other things, a National Guard of 350-400 thousand people is being created in the country, which will be able to detain Russians and shoot without warning. Now the bill is waiting for the approval of the State Duma, but the presidential press secretary Dmitry Peskov has already said that the guard will begin to operate before the adoption of the law.
"Paper" found out what the guardsmen will do, who will lead them, and why Russia needs hundreds of thousands of armed people who are personally subordinate to Putin.
On April 5, Vladimir Putin announced that a new power structure, the National Guard, was being created on the basis of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. At the same time, Putin signed a corresponding decree, and the very next day the president submitted to the State Duma a bill on the creation of a guard. After that, the new department became the main topic of discussion in the media, relegating even the scandal with the Panamanian offshore companies to the background.
What will the National Guard do?
Judging by the bill, the range of tasks for the guards is very wide. Among them - the protection of public order, the fight against terrorism, extremism and organized crime, as well as "participation in the territorial defense" of Russia. As planned, the guard will be engaged in such a wide range of tasks that among them there is even the arrest of failed suicides.
At the same time, while experts do not really understand how the guard will solve its tasks without the right to operational-search work. Some experts - for example, former KGB officer and State Duma deputy Gennady Gudkov - believe that the new structure will receive these powers fairly soon.
Who can the guards shoot at and what powers are provided for them
Under the bill, the guards will be able to detain Russians, enter their homes, check documents, issue administrative protocols, use water cannons and armored vehicles, and even shoot without warning. True, the guards will be able to open fire without warning only if the “delay” threatens the life and health of a “citizen or soldier of the National Guard troops” or can lead to other serious consequences. It is forbidden to shoot only at women with "visible signs of pregnancy", the disabled and children. Except when they attack themselves.
But in fact, the guard does not have extraordinary powers, and the new structure simply combines the rights of employees of all departments that will enter it. Moreover, in terms of shooting at Russians, the FSB's capabilities are even wider.
Who will be taken to the guard and how many there will be
It is not yet known exactly, but the guard will number 350-400 thousand people. It will include the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, special forces such as OMON and SOBR, as well as private security. In addition, it will be possible to serve in the National Guard by conscription. The ranks of the guardsmen can also be replenished by the Cossacks. As Maria Shklyaruk, a researcher at the Institute for Law Enforcement Problems at the European University at St. Petersburg, said, “all the muscles of different law enforcement agencies are coming together.”
It is forbidden to shoot only at women with "visible signs of pregnancy", the disabled and children. Except when they attack themselves
At the same time, there will be no more law enforcement officers in Russia due to the appearance of the guard. Rather, on the contrary, it is possible that when they move to the National Guard, departments are waiting for reductions. In addition, simultaneously with the creation of the Guards, Putin decided to return Narcotics Control and the Migration Service to the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. It is already known that the staff of the latter due to reforms will be reduced by 30% (about 11 thousand people).
Who will command the guards and why they can be called "Putin's army"
According to the bill, Putin will personally lead the National Guard. But the guards also have a director, he is also its commander in chief. It was Putin's 60-year-old sparring partner Viktor Zolotov, who previously headed the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Even earlier, he worked as a locksmith, served in the KGB and guarded Anatoly Sobchak, Boris Yeltsin, Putin himself and Medvedev. Zolotov was in charge of Yeltsin's security during the famous tank ride in 1991.
Zolotov's acquaintances characterize him as a person "infinitely devoted" to Putin. In addition, they consider him modest, secretive, tough and demanding. Among the characteristics are also "real KGB" and "generalissimo". He got the last nickname for his love of promotion and new titles.
Among the speeches of Zolotov himself, there is little remarkable, but he managed to confess his sympathy for the NKVD, with which they immediately began to compare the National Guard being created. According to him, “the fighters and commanders of the NKVD troops covered themselves with unfading glory, defending Kyiv and Leningrad, Odessa and Sevastopol, Moscow and Stalingrad, fighting on the Kursk Bulge. It is impossible to overestimate their merits in the fight against the nationalist underground in the Baltic States and Western Ukraine in the first post-war years.”
It is also known that the son of the chief guardsman of the country, according to the tradition of Russian officials, turned out to be a successful businessman. For example, he owns real estate, the market value of which is hundreds of millions of rubles. Including a house 7 kilometers from Putin's residence in Valdai.
How oppositionists, security forces and Putin himself explain the creation of the National Guard
In a presidential decree, Putin wrote that the reform was being carried out "in order to ensure state and public security, protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen."
Putin will personally lead the National Guard
But there are other versions. First, a new repressive body is being created in Russia, which will be personally subordinate to Putin and, in which case, without any hesitation, will open fire on the protesters. This version is partly confirmed by the data of political scientist Yevgeny Minchenko. He notes that the project of the national guard is already about four years old and it was originally assumed that the guard would just deal with riots and riots.
The second version partly repeats Putin's words and is the most utilitarian. According to it, the emergence of a new structure will unite the management of disparate units, help to cope with the budget deficit in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and more effectively fight crime. Retired FSB Major General Vasily Eremenko believes that, among other things, the National Guard will confront large terrorist groups. For example, the "Islamic State" banned in Russia.
The third version is directly related to the personality of its director. Some experts believe that the broad powers and the very appearance of the National Guard are the administrative success of Viktor Zolotov. Now Putin's sparring partner, who loves new titles, has the same status as a minister, has six deputies and is officially referred to as "Commander in Chief of the National Guard."
Another assumption about the essence of the reform
In 2016, the National Guard was formed in Russia. Now this organization has grown greatly, and it has tens of thousands of military personnel.
The troops are designed to ensure security within the state, to fight extremists and protesters.
You can often hear how the Russian Guard is called the "personal army" of the president, because. this structure is subordinate to the commander-in-chief, i.e. head of state. But is it really so?
Structure and powers
The structure includes the following special services:
- SOBR;
- OMON;
- Federal State Unitary Enterprise "PROTECTION" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;
- Center for Special Purposes of Rapid Response Forces and Aviation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;
- Bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for supervision in the field of arms trafficking and private security activities;
- National Guard.
Now the head of the structure is Viktor Zolotov, who has been personally working with the president for a long time.
This organization has a number of powers:
- Demand order from the population.
- Prevent the occurrence of crimes or infringement of the rights of citizens.
- Check the documents of the population if there is a reason to suspect people of committing illegal acts, being wanted, and other serious grounds.
- Demand from officials and the population to stop illegal actions.
- Protect the scene of the incident until the authorities arrive. Also, the guard may require citizens to leave the protected place.
- Accept, store or destroy seized/surrendered weapons.
These are only the main powers of the guard, and in fact its capabilities are much wider.
National Guard and police: what is the difference
In theory, each department should have its own specific name, and the functions of these organizations should not overlap.
However, the powers of the Russian Guard intersect with the activities of the police and the FSB (the fight against terrorism in the country and ensuring the integrity of the Russian Federation).
Representatives of the Russian Guard can drive cars with flashing lights. They are also allowed to use special equipment if necessary. Here are the main differences between this structure and the police:
- Subordination. The police are subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, while the troops of the Russian Guard are subordinate to the president of the country.
- Independence. In financial terms, the National Guard is an independent organization. It has all the financial functions of the police, and the annual turnover of the organization is about 20 billion. Also, the troops of the National Guard can control the circulation of weapons and are empowered to license security activities.
- Tasks. The police maintain order and apply sanctions to violators, then the guard is called upon to protect state integrity and order.
- The use of weapons. This is perhaps one of the main differences between the National Guard and the police. Employees of both structures have the right to use weapons. Only here in the law "On Police" it is clearly stated that the employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs can use weapons in order to protect citizens, in case of encroachment on their health and life. This clause is absent in the law on the Russian Guard, which significantly expands the capabilities of this structure.
How to get a job
To get a job in the National Guard, you need to pass a number of requirements:
- Health status. After passing the examinations, the conscript in the military registration and enlistment office receives a health category (A-D). Those who are fit for service and fit for service with minor restrictions are accepted for service in the Russian Guard, i.e. people with A and B health categories.
- Psychological health. Also, future employees must undergo a psychological selection. Based on the selection results, a person is assigned 1 of 4 fitness categories. Basically, people with categories 1 and 2 are hired, in rare cases - 3. The last category is considered not recommended.
- Additional requirements. In addition to these requirements, the future employee must have a sufficient level of physical fitness, education and qualifications.
Both civilians and military personnel can become guardsmen. To do this, you need to apply to the commander of the unit. He makes the decision to accept. If a person who wants to get into the guard has no contradictions for the service, he is given referrals for medical examinations, mental tests and passing standards for physical fitness.
Salary
The salary of a guardsman depends on:
- ranks and positions;
- the amount of monetary allowances;
- employee allowances;
- material assistance to the guards.
Now the salary of an ordinary guardsman is 25,000 rubles a month, and an officer-rank guardsman earns about 55,000 rubles. These are averages and numbers may vary depending on the region of service.
It is important to note that in regions with adverse environmental and weather conditions, the salary of a guardsman is noticeably higher than the salary of an employee working in large cities.
To the complaints of military personnel about low wages, the command promises employees to significantly increase wages, but this will not happen soon.
It should be noted that Vladimir Putin recently increased funding for the National Guard, and military personnel can expect a salary increase of about 4-5% in the near future.
Benefits for military personnel
The guards themselves and their families have a number of state benefits:
- health and life insurance;
- free vacation;
- receiving free medical services;
- the possibility of obtaining a mortgage loan on preferential terms at a rate of less than 10%.
It is worth noting that the longer the service life of the guardsman, the better the benefits from the state. For example, an employee who has been in the service for less than 10 years will receive free rest for a period of 30 days. Employees over 20 years of age will be granted 45 days of rest. Also, the benefits are significantly affected by the personal merits of the employee: participation in hostilities, service in adverse conditions, etc.
The National Guard is a young structure that is developing at a tremendous pace. The organization was created only 3 years ago, and it already includes more than 350,000 employees (1/3 of the employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs). Therefore, joining the National Guard is a profitable and promising goal. However, it should be understood that there are certain requirements for the health of employees, so not everyone will be selected.
