Tagetes
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Tagetes or Marigold(Tagetes) - a genus of annual and perennial plants from the family Asteraceae, or Compositae. The name comes from the name of the grandson of the god Jupiter - Tages ( Tags), famous for its beauty and ability to predict the future. The natural range is America, where they grow wild from New Mexico and Arizona to Argentina.
More than 50 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants are known. The stems are erect, strong, forming compact or sprawling bushes from 20 to 120 cm tall, with a sharp, peculiar smell.
Leaves are pinnately dissected or pinnately divided, rarely entire, serrated, light to dark green, arranged oppositely or in regular order. Inflorescences - baskets, very bright, yellow, orange, reddish-brown, brown or variegated, single or collected in complex inflorescences. Marginal flowers reed, with wide, horizontally spaced corollas; middle - tubular, bisexual. They bloom profusely from June until frost. The fruit is a seed. Seeds remain viable for 3-4 years. They give abundant self-seeding.
In decorative floriculture, usually numerous hybrid varieties of the following species are used. One of the main varietal characteristics of marigolds is the structure of inflorescences. There are clove-flowered and chrysanthemum-shaped; terry, semi-double and simple.
Tagetes rejected, or French marigolds (Tagetes patula L.)
Annual plant. Stems erect, 15-50 cm tall, strongly branched from the base, lateral shoots deviated. The leaves are small, pinnately dissected, with linear-lanceolate lobes, dark green, arranged in a regular or opposite order. Inflorescences - baskets 4-6 cm in diameter, single or in corymbose inflorescences, cup-shaped, various in shape, on long peduncles. The involucre is single-row, of 5-7 fused leaves, pointed at the apex. Reed flowers are yellow, orange, lemon, brownish-brown or dark red, velvety, often two-tone, with a different ratio of these shades; tubular - yellow or orange. In culture since the beginning of the XVI century.
For practical purposes, numerous varieties of this species are divided into groups: high - up to 60 cm or more tall, simple inflorescences; medium - up to 50 cm tall, terry inflorescences; low - 25-40 cm tall with simple or double inflorescences; very low ("Lilliputian") -15-20 cm tall, with simple or double inflorescences. The most common varieties:
"Carmen" ("carmen") —
Bushes spreading, 20-30 cm tall, strongly branched. Shoots are strong, green, with a reddish-brown bloom, ribbed. Leaves are medium sized, green. Terry inflorescences, 4-7 cm in diameter. Reed flowers are arranged in 1-2 rows, reddish-brown, velvety. Tubular flowers are golden yellow. The variety is early. Blooms from early June until frost. Good for cutting.
"Bonanza Bolero" ("Bonanza Bolero") —
Bushes spreading, 25-40 cm tall, densely leafy. Shoots are strong, green, with a reddish bloom. Leaves are medium sized, dark green. Inflorescences are double, 4-7 cm in diameter, yellow with reddish-brown spots, velvety. The variety is early. Blooms from early June until frost. Good for cutting. Recommended for flowerbeds, rabatok, potting and decorating balconies.
"Queen Sofia" ("queen sophia") —
The inflorescences are not very terry, two-tone: red with a bronze-orange border, slightly fade in the sun, acquiring a brown tint, 7 cm in diameter.
"Legion of Honor" ("Legion of Honor") —
The bushes are compact, 20-30 cm tall, almost spherical, strongly branched, densely leafy. Shoots are strong, thick, with dark red ribs. Leaves are medium sized, dark green. Inflorescences are simple, 3-6 cm in diameter, yellow with brown spots at the base. The variety is early. Blooms from early June until frost. Recommended for flowerbeds, flower beds, decorating balconies and vases.
"orangeflamme" ("orange flame") —
Bushes up to 20-30 cm tall, compact, densely leafy. Shoots are strong, green with reddish stripes. The leaves are dark green with small narrow-lanceolate lobes. Inflorescences are chrysanthemum-shaped, double, 3.5-4.5 cm in diameter, consist of broadly funneled bright orange tubular flowers with red strokes and one row of reed, red-brown, velvety flowers bent downwards with yellow spot at the base and a yellow border. The variety is early. Blooms from early June until frost.
Tagetes erect, or African marigolds (Tagetes erecta L.)
The plant is an annual, bush is compact or sprawling with a distinct main shoot. The stems are strongly branched, 80-120 cm tall, glabrous, erect, finely ribbed, woody at the base, lateral shoots directed upwards, forming obverse pyramidal bushes. The leaves are pinnatipartite with lanceolate, sharp lobes, serrated along the edge, from light to dark green, arranged in the next order. Inflorescences - large baskets 6-13 cm in diameter, single, simple, semi-double or double, on long peduncles. Blooms from late June - early July. The color of the inflorescences is monophonic, light yellow, yellow, bright yellow, orange or bicolor.
Varieties are distinguished by height: giant - above 90 cm; high - 60-90 cm; medium - 45-60 cm; low - up to 45 cm tall.
"Antigua" ("Antigua") —
only 20 cm tall, but at the same time it forms many inflorescences with a diameter of up to 10 cm of bright yellow or orange color.
"Gold Dollar" ("gold dollar") —
Bushes are compact, 90-120 cm tall. Shoots are strong, ribbed, thick, light green. The leaves are large, dark green. Inflorescences are nail-wild, almost spherical, densely double, 7-8 cm in diameter, red-orange, odorless. Early variety, blooms from early June until frost. Recommended for tall groups and cut flowers.
"Sweet Cream" (Sweet Cream") —
Bushes are compact, 60-75 cm tall. Shoots are strong, ribbed, light green with a reddish bloom. The leaves are large, dark green. Inflorescences are carnation-colored, hemispherical, double, 8-10 cm in diameter, cream or white. Blooms from late June until frost.
Tagetes fine-leaved, or Mexican marigolds (Tagetes tenuifolia Cm.)
Plants annual, low, compact, 20-40 cm tall, densely branched, with straight, bare, strong or fragile light green shoots. The leaves are small, twice pinnately dissected, with narrow, sparsely toothed lobes, light green, with dotted glands, arranged in the next order. Inflorescences are small baskets, 1.5-3 cm in diameter, simple, on short peduncles, collected in turn in corymbose inflorescences. The color of the inflorescences is yellow, yellow-orange, red. The involucre is single-row, of five fused leaves, sharp at the top. Blooms very profusely. In culture since 1795. More than 70 complex hybrid varieties are known. Used for borders, flower beds, rabatok, arrays, vases.
Marigolds are unpretentious, fast-growing, light and heat-loving, drought-resistant plants. The optimum temperature for the growth of young plants is 18-20 °C. At temperatures below 10 ° C, the leaves acquire an anthocyanin coating and growth stops. At -1...-2 °C plants die.
Location: do not need intense sunlight, although maximum decorative effect is achieved in sunny places. This is especially true for thin-leaved marigolds. Poorly tolerate spring and autumn frosts.
The soil: require nutritious, well-moistened soils in the first half of summer.
Care: are considered drought-resistant, but at the beginning of growth they need watering, otherwise the plants will be frail, and the inflorescences will be small. Marigolds, especially erect marigolds, are negatively related to excess moisture in the soil. In rainy weather, their large inflorescences begin to rot. And if the soil is oversaturated with water, the plants begin to die from fungal root diseases. Spring fertilization entails strong growth and delayed flowering.
Diseases and pests: inflorescences during prolonged rains often rot. In dry, hot conditions, marigolds are affected by spider mites. To rid plants of it, you must first of all increase the humidity of the air by spraying the seedlings several times a day with water. For complete destruction, 2-3 times spraying with infusions of onions, hot red pepper, yarrow is used.
reproduction: seeds. IN open ground marigolds can be sown in late May - early June. Seedlings appear 5-10 days after sowing. It is desirable to cover the soil with non-woven material (acrylic, lutrasil). In this case, you can sow a week and a half earlier than usual and thereby accelerate flowering.
When growing seedlings earlier than others, in mid-March, upright marigolds are sown. Marigolds rejected and thin-leaved are sown in early April. Subject to these terms, flowering of all three species will begin in June. Marigold seedlings are easy to grow in room conditions on a bright window, and even better in film greenhouses, where the plants will be the strongest. To make the seedlings healthy, you need loose, nutritious soil (1 part of humus + 1 part of peat + 1 part of sod land + 0.5 parts of sand), an even temperature of 18-22 ° C and moderate watering. Marigolds rejected are less demanding on soil and temperature. Although marigold seedlings are considered unpretentious, it is better to take fresh soil for sowing, especially for narrow-leaved marigolds, which are more affected by the blackleg than other species.
Seedlings can be grown in a box, bowl or pot. At the bottom it is necessary to pour drainage (crushed stone, expanded clay, coarse sand) with a layer of 3 cm or make holes. Otherwise, plants may die from fungal diseases. First, 2/3 of the soil is poured onto the drainage, and this layer is compacted by hand or with a rammer. The next layer should be loose so that the germinating roots have enough air. The soil should not reach the edge of the container by 1-2 cm. The prepared soil is shed well and left for one or two days in a warm place so that it "breathes".
Marigold seeds are large, so they can be carefully spread out in the grooves at a distance of 1-1.5 cm. The distance between the grooves themselves is 1.5-2 cm. Thickened seedlings suffer more from a lack of light and stretch. They may even develop blackleg.
The easiest way to get optimal density is by sowing germinated seeds. For germination, they need to be spread out on a damp cloth on a saucer and put in a plastic bag, put in a warm place. After 2-3 days, the seeds will hatch. The decomposed seeds are covered with a layer of earth of 0.5-1 cm. Weakly covered seeds can die from drying out. If the seeds are planted too deep into the soil, they may not sprout at all, especially in narrow-leaved marigolds. After sowing, the top layer of the earth is carefully watered, then covered with paper. The containers are placed in a warm place (22-25 ° C) and the soil moisture is carefully monitored. After 3-7 days, seedlings will appear and the containers should be transferred to a bright place at a lower temperature (18-20°C).
If the seedlings are still thickened, it must be dived. Seedlings are carefully removed from well-watered soil and planted in a hole, buried to the cotyledons. This will encourage the formation of new roots. good seedling by the time of planting, it has 2-3 pairs of leaves and a powerful root system. Seedlings are planted in the ground in late May - early June. Plants are planted in the soil deeper by 1-2 cm than they grew before. The distance between plants depends on the species and variety. High hybrids and varieties of upright marigolds are planted according to the scheme 40 x 40 cm, medium varieties and hybrids F1 30 x 30 cm and low varieties and hybrids of all types 20 x 20 cm. Transplantation is easily tolerated at any age, even in flowering state.
Usage: secretions from the roots of marigolds reduce the damage of other plants by fungal diseases and especially Fusarium, protect against certain types of nematodes. Marigolds erect can be grown for cutting. They stay in water for about three weeks. Marigolds are used in all types of flower beds. They are not suitable only for a pond and a shady garden. They tolerate marigolds and harsh conditions of a small volume of soil. Therefore, they grow well in pots on the windows, they decorate the premises, as well as primroses or cineraria. Marigolds can be planted in a pot or box in the fall before frost. There are cases that they survive in the winter, and in the spring they form a large flowering bush (this only applies to rejected marigolds).
Marigolds rejected, or Tagetes patula (Tagetes patula) - an annual, highly branched, wide-spreading, dense plant, 15-60 cm high.
The leaves of marigolds are pinnately dissected, dark or light green. Inflorescences - baskets 4-6 cm in diameter, simple, semi-double or double, one- and two-color, light and bright yellow, light and bright orange and red-brown. Flowering continues from July to October.
The fruit is an achene, strongly flattened, oblong-linear, black or dark brown. In 1 g of 700 seeds, germination is maintained for 1-2 years.
Marigolds are unpretentious, fast-growing, light and thermophilic plants. Prefers open sunny places, but also grows with little shading. Poorly tolerates spring and autumn frosts. Requires nutritious, well-moistened, limed soil and regular watering in the first half of summer, top dressing - as needed.
Propagated by seeds - seedlings in April or sowing in a permanent place in May, followed by thinning to a distance of 10-15 cm between plants.
Undersized (25-40 cm) and very low (15-20 cm) marigold varieties are suitable for planting on balconies, windows, loggias of high-rise buildings: Marietta variety - with simple, yellow flowers with a brown spot; Valencia - with double, golden yellow, clove-colored, large flowers; Dainty Marietta - with simple, bright yellow flowers with a brown spot; Petit Gold, Petit Orange, Petit Gelb - with double, clove-colored, golden yellow, orange-yellow flowers. Marigolds pair well with red pelargonium and salvia.
Almost not affected by diseases and not damaged by pests.
Marigolds are permanent inhabitants of most garden plots in Ukraine and Russia, although America is their homeland.
In some places they are better known as "Chernobrivtsy", unpretentious, charmingly decorative, very easy to grow. Even a beginner can handle them.
Seeds in open ground are sown in wide deepened holes 1.5 cm apart so that it is not thick and the seedlings do not stretch and rot. Sprinkle earth on top with a thin layer of 0.5-1 cm and carefully pour. Let the watering regimen be moderate until sprouts appear, and they will appear very quickly.
When 2-3 pairs of leaves appear, transplant the seedlings to a permanent place at a sufficient distance (not densely) and deepen it 2 cm more.
Seeds can only be purchased for the first planting, and then harvested at the end of flowering. Leave a few flowers on the drying bush, let them finally wither.
The main thing is that at this time it does not rain. Then you can easily extract ripe seeds from the calyx, which you dry and store until spring.
The rule “the sooner you plant, the sooner they bloom” is quite suitable for marigolds. If desired, you can sow seeds for seedlings in early spring. Keep seedlings warm and bright room until the month of May. Then you can take the containers out into the open air for a week, so that the seedlings get used to the new conditions, and then plant them in a permanent place.
The earth should be loose: turf - humus - peat - sand (1: 1: 1: 0.5). To prevent the "black leg", provide the flowers with good drainage from 3 cm of crushed stone, expanded clay and sand. Prepared fertilizers can be applied to the soil before planting, but not fresh manure. If there is a threat of frost, cover the seedlings with a film - your seedlings will become strong.
Marigolds can grow in shade and partial shade, but will bloom more luxuriantly in the sunniest spots. The main thing is that they should not be too wet and dark. Before germination, a temperature of 22-25 °C is desirable. In cold winds, flowers need protection. The soil should be well moistened during the growth period.
Take care of the flowers evenly, without much busting. Of all the marigolds, the most unpretentious - rejected, will take root in any soil and will bloom profusely even without fertilizers. If you want to feed, then do it no more than once a month, otherwise the bush will grow intensively and will not bloom for a long time.
During growth, watering should be moderate, and later it will need to be reduced so that there is no stagnation of moisture, from which the plants get sick, rot and do not bloom. In the summer heat, it is better to water in the evenings. Marigolds may well live without top dressing, but they will respond very gratefully to them.
Fertilizers are applied three times: when the seedlings grow up to 10 cm, when the first buds appear and at the beginning of flowering. You can use complex fertilizers.
Weed and loosen the soil regularly, as marigolds love loose soil and need to breathe. In the summer, prune - it will help form lush beautiful bushes. They will bloom more strongly if you remove faded inflorescences.
In autumn, after withering and drying, they are removed from the garden.
Marigolds can grow well in a pot. For this purpose, plant them in the fall, and then the bush will definitely bloom until spring.
Diseases and pests
The specific fragrant smell of marigolds and the same aroma of secretions from the roots into the soil is a kind of protection against Fusarium and other fungal diseases, not only for the flowers themselves, but for everything that grows nearby. No wonder professionals advise framing with marigolds almost the entire garden plot! For the same purpose, thyme is also planted.
The healthy appearance of marigolds depends on care. If it is too dry, it may appear spider mite. With dampness - fungus and rot. In the first case, we correct the situation by watering and spraying, in the second - by drying and heat.
When snails and slugs appear, it is better not to use poisonous sprays, as the flowers do not like this. From low temperature, dampness, humidity and thickening of plantings, dark brown wet spots may appear on the stems and leaves - gray rot.
Destroy affected plants immediately before they infect healthy ones. It is noteworthy that if you bury frozen marigolds in a compost heap, then no midges and other harmful creatures will start in it.
You can plant marigolds almost anywhere, except near water bodies and in dense shade. Depending on the shape of the bush (spherical, compact, inverted pyramid) and the height of the stems (20-120 cm), try to plant the shortest ones along the edges of the borders, and the taller ones closer to the center of the flower bed so that all flowers are clearly visible in the flower garden.
According to the color palette, the flower bed can be almost monochromatic (for example, all shades of yellow-golden) or contrasting (red-white, brown-yellow).
From summer to autumn, the flowers will not lose their decorative effect, because the dried inflorescences will hide under the blooming ones.
A common problem for all lovers is to plant the plot to the maximum with their favorite vegetables and fruits, and so that there is enough space for flowers.
So, even beds with potatoes or any other vegetables can be planted around the perimeter with marigolds. It will be cute and fun!
Types of marigolds
Almost 60 types of marigolds are known to professional gardeners. Of these, only three are considered the most popular in our area: erect, deviated and thin-leaved. In America, they not only decorate garden beds, but are also used in medicine. In some countries, they are used to make a popular seasoning - Imeretian saffron (leaves have a specific spicy fragrant aroma).
Flowers, by analogy with chamomile, can be simple, semi-double and double, similar to carnations. Dark green leaves are no less beautiful than flowers, which can stand in water for a long time when cut.
African marigolds (Tagetes erecta)
The plant is an annual. The bush has a clearly defined main shoot, it can be compact or spreading.
The stems are strongly branched, up to 1.2 m high, branched, finely ribbed with large inflorescences-baskets up to 13 cm in diameter on long peduncles. Inflorescences monophonic yellow shades or two-color. Blooms in late June - early July.
French marigolds rejected, small-colored (Tagetes patula)
An annual with a straight branched stem, linear-lanceolate spiky-serrated leaves. The heads of inflorescences of medium size sit on thickened legs.
The leaves grow together. Blooms in the second half of July.
Mexican marigolds (Tagetes tenuifolia)
Annual, low compact shrub 20-40 cm high, densely branched with small leaves. Small baskets of inflorescences are simple, sitting on short peduncles, collected in corymbose inflorescences of yellow or yellow-orange hues.
Anise marigolds (Tagetes anisala)
The stem, leaves and flowers have the smell and taste of tarragon, while being much nicer and stronger. The aroma can be heard even at a considerable distance. Blooms profusely all summer.
Good for any type of flower garden, even with a limited amount of soil. Unpretentious, drought-resistant, but loves heat. Even in flowering form, it can easily transfer a transplant.
Marigolds (Tagetes)
Latin name: Tagetes.
Family: Compositae (Comp & oacute, sitae), or Aster (Aster & aacute, ceae).
Origin: Central America.
Form: herbaceous plants.
Marigolds (tagetes) are very common plants. In nature, there are more than 30 species. Stems of marigolds are straight, more or less branched, height 15-100 cm (depending on the type and variety of marigolds). The leaves of marigolds are pinnately dissected, with serrated lanceolate lobules. The calyx is bell-shaped. Marigold flowers are solitary on cylindrical and somewhat swollen peduncles at the top, consist of radiant reed flowers along the edge and tubular in the center. The color of marigold inflorescences is yellow, orange, brown-red and brown-brown. Marigolds bloom from June until frost. The whole plant has a specific smell.
Marigolds are upright. or large-flowered (T. erectus L.) reach a height of up to 100 cm, the leaves are large unpaired pinnatisected. Inflorescences are a basket consisting of reed flowers along the edge of the inflorescence (cuff) and tubular in the center (cushion). The color of marigolds erect is monophonic.
Upright marigolds (upright tagetes) are subdivided in height into: undersized - up to 45 cm, medium tall - up to 60 cm, ...
Marigolds rejected (Tagetes patula) photo
Marigolds rejected (Tagetes patula) plant description, care and disease, watering and reproduction
Add to bookmarks:
Tagetes or Marigolds (Tagetes) &mdash, a genus of annual and perennial plants from the Aster family, or Compositae. The name comes from the name of the grandson of the god Jupiter &mdash, Tages, who was famous for his beauty and ability to predict the future. The natural range is America, where they grow wild from New Mexico and Arizona to Argentina.
More than 50 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants are known. The stems are erect, strong, forming compact or sprawling bushes from 20 to 120 cm tall, with a sharp, peculiar smell.
Leaves are pinnately dissected or pinnately divided, rarely entire, serrated, light to dark green, arranged oppositely or in regular order. Inflorescences - baskets, very bright, yellow, orange, reddish-brown, brown or variegated, single or collected in complex inflorescences. The marginal flowers are ligulate, with wide, horizontally spaced corollas, the middle flowers are tubular, bisexual. They bloom profusely from June until frost. The fruit is a seed. Seeds remain viable for 3-4 years. They give abundant self-seeding.
In decorative floriculture, numerous hybrids are usually used ...
Marigolds rejected (Tagetes patula)
Marigolds rejected, or Tagetes patula (Tagetes patula) - an annual, highly branched, wide-spreading, dense plant, 15-60 cm high.
The leaves of marigolds are pinnately dissected, dark or light green. Inflorescences - baskets 4-6 cm in diameter, simple, semi-double or double, one- and two-color, light and bright yellow, light and bright orange and red-brown. Flowering continues from July to October.
The fruit is an achene, strongly flattened, oblong-linear, black or dark brown. In 1 g of 700 seeds, germination is maintained for 1-2 years.
Marigolds are unpretentious, fast-growing, light and thermophilic plants. Prefers open sunny places, but also grows with little shading. Poorly tolerates spring and autumn frosts. Requires nutritious, well-moistened, limed soil and regular watering in the first half of summer, top dressing - as needed.
Propagated by seeds - seedlings in April or sowing in a permanent place in May, followed by thinning to a distance of 10-15 cm between plants.
For landing on balconies, windows, loggias of high-rise buildings, undersized (25-40 cm) and very low (15-20 cm) are suitable ...
Marigolds: planting, growing, care
Marigolds are permanent inhabitants of most garden plots in Ukraine and Russia, although America is their homeland. In some places they are better known as "Chernobrivtsy", unpretentious, charmingly decorative, very easy to grow. Even a beginner can handle them.
Seeds in open ground are sown in wide deepened holes 1.5 cm apart so that it is not thick and the seedlings do not stretch and rot. Sprinkle earth on top with a thin layer of 0.5-1 cm and carefully pour. Let the watering regimen be moderate until sprouts appear, and they will appear very quickly. When 2-3 pairs of leaves appear, transplant the seedlings to a permanent place at a sufficient distance (not densely) and deepen it 2 cm more.
Seeds can only be purchased for the first planting, and then harvested at the end of flowering. Leave a few flowers on the drying bush, let them finally wither. The main thing is that at this time it does not rain. Then you can easily extract ripe seeds from the calyx, which you dry and store until spring.
Growing marigolds
Marigolds (Tagetes) are often terry flowers with velor petals, which in the common people in the Ukrainian manner are called "chernobrivtsy". These flowers are very drought tolerant, thermophilic and fast growing. They may well grow in partial shade-shade, bright sunlight is not at all a prerequisite, but the most lush bloom, of course, it happens in sunny places.
Marigolds (Tagetes) - often terry flowers with velor petals, which are commonly called "chernobryvtsy" in the Ukrainian manner, belong to the Asteraceae or Compositae family. The bright orange, yellow or maroon flowers got their name for a reason, but in honor of the grandson of the god Jupiter - Tages, who was very smart, handsome and could predict future events.
More than 50 types of marigolds are known. annuals or perennials found naturally in Argentina, Mexico and America, Europe, Asia and South Africa.
In their homeland, in America, they play the role of not just decorations for garden beds, but also medicinal plants. In some countries, and…
