How does an ovarian cyst appear in women? Signs of an ovarian cyst in women

Symptoms of an ovarian cyst are not always pronounced. The disease is a benign formation. There is different types tumors, with contents, with and without a stalk, differing in location. From what a cyst appears on the ovary, read on.

An ovarian cyst, the symptoms and treatment of which are strictly determined by the doctor, is a tumor-like formation on the reproductive organ.

There are the following types of pathology:

dermoid;
mucinous;
paraovarian;
corpus luteum cyst.

There are formations both single and multiple (they are called cystomas). In most cases, they are benign, but they can also become malignant.

Causes

If an ovarian cyst has formed, women may or may not have symptoms. Common reasons why a cyst develops on one or both ovaries are inflammatory processes, hormonal failure.

The main reasons for the development of ovarian cysts:

Inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system. It can be acute and chronic adnexitis, endometritis, endometriosis, salpingo-oophoritis.
Sexually transmitted infections. All of them lead to the onset of inflammatory processes.
Surgical operations. This includes scraping according to indications.
Endocrine diseases. Problems with the thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus and other diseases can provoke the appearance of neoplasms.
Other factors. This should include ovarian dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, early menstruation (beginning earlier than 11 years), lack of egg maturation.

There are also factors that provoke pathology, characteristic for each type of tumor:

. It is a congenital type and is present from birth in girls.
, . Develop due to problems with the hormonal background.
Polycystic. The reason is chronic, endocrine and other diseases in the female body.

There are frequent cases when a cured neoplasm leads to relapse and the formation of new tumors. For this reason, even after a complete cure, you should regularly visit the doctor and undergo an examination.

When an ovarian cyst is diagnosed, the woman's symptoms and treatment are issues that a qualified doctor deals with. Neither ethnoscience, nor self-treatment at home will not give the desired result, but, on the contrary, can worsen the situation.

If a woman has an ovarian cyst, the symptoms are not always pronounced. Often, the disease is detected by chance during a routine examination or when a woman contacts a gynecologist with certain complaints about her health.

The following tangible signs of an ovarian cyst are possible when it is large or exists for a long time.

Pain

Education is not big size do not lead to the development of pain in a woman. But as the tumor grows, a woman may experience a feeling of squeezing, heaviness in the lower abdomen. They are able to increase with physical effort, with sexual contact with a man.

Discomfort is usually more pronounced on one side, where the pathology is located. With a complicated course of the disease, for example, with torsion or rupture of the cyst, the pain becomes acute, and is given to the anus.

Associated symptoms:

dizziness;
nausea and vomiting;
an increase in overall body temperature.

Failure of the menstrual cycle

Formations caused by hormonal imbalance, or causing it, are characterized by such signs:

, passing into uterine bleeding;
irregular cycle;
rare, .

Pain when urinating, frequent urination

Problems with going to the toilet "in a small way" are caused by the fact that the tumor presses on bladder. And rapidly increasing in size can put pressure on the intestines, causing constipation.

Increase in abdominal circumference

Such a symptom occurs when there is a very large cyst of the right or left ovary, or when ascites develops, when fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity.

Signs of tear or torsion

Rupture of an ovarian cyst or its torsion is a complication that can cause:

active lovemaking;

lifting heavy objects.

When an ovary ruptures, a woman usually begins to bleed internally. Other symptoms:

intense pain in the abdomen, radiating to the lower back, anus, legs;
lowering blood pressure;
dizziness, nausea and vomiting;
cold sweat;
loss of consciousness.

Torsion can occur when there is a tumor on the pedicle. The intensity of the manifestation of symptoms depends on the degree of torsion.

Associated symptoms:

"acute" abdomen;
nausea and vomiting;
increase in body temperature.

On the video about the disease

Women should definitely find time to be examined by doctors. It is necessary to go to the gynecologist at least once a year for prevention, and if there are any problems, then you should not postpone the visit to the doctor.

In many women, ovarian cysts are found during examination. At the same time, women ask themselves the question: why do they appear?

What are the symptoms and signs of a cyst of the right and left ovaries in women, how and where does it hurt, what are the formations, their consequences and treatment, including folk remedies: we will talk about all this below.

Causes, risk factors

There are many causes of ovarian cysts in women.

infectious agents- a source of inflammation that provokes the development of the disease. Vulvitis, cervicitis, if left untreated, lead to cysts.

If a girl often suffers from infectious diseases, she may develop a small formation, which will increase significantly with age.

Chronic diseases will also be a risk factor. Tuberculosis, not cured in time, is especially dangerous. It often leads to this disease.

Violations menstrual cycle - if a girl’s menstruation does not come on time (the period of 12-15 years is considered the norm), or menopause occurs too early (up to 50 years), in adulthood, the appearance of a cavity filled with liquid is very likely.

Irregular sex life- when a woman lives a regular sexual life, her ovaries work normally, so this fact should be given special attention.

Contraception - intrauterine device often leads to the appearance of neoplasms, since this adaptation is a source of chronic inflammation. Good gynecologists do not advise using this method.

Bad history- Studies conducted by specialists have shown that abortion, complications during childbirth, infertility are risk factors.

Hormonal diseases- since the ovaries are a hormone-dependent organ, with deviations in the hormonal background, the appearance of neoplasms is possible.

What else causes an ovarian cyst in women? In those who suffer diabetes, obesity, pathologies thyroid gland they develop very frequently. With tumors of the mammary glands, uterus, the disease is diagnosed in almost 100 percent of cases.

Heredity- features of hormone production are inherited. If a grandmother or mother had this disease, then most likely it will also appear in her daughter.

Nutrition- when eating a large amount of proteins, fats, high-calorie foods, hormones are released that have a bad effect on the ovaries.

Lifestyle- Smoking leads to impaired blood circulation in all organs, so a woman who cannot live without a cigarette develops diseases of the reproductive system.

About the causes, signs and symptoms of ovarian cysts in women:

Symptoms and signs

Often the cyst does not cause any symptoms. decreases over several cycles until it disappears completely. Ultrasound helps to identify it.

But sometimes they appear the following signs:

abdominal pain, sometimes acute, severe;
pain during menstruation;
pressure and heaviness in the pelvic area;
disruptions in the menstrual cycle;
vomiting, nausea after intercourse, sports;
pain in the vagina, which is accompanied by spotting;
pressure during bowel movements or bladder emptying.

It is advisable to see a doctor as soon as possible, especially if the following symptoms join these signs:

temperature increase of 38 degrees and above;
, general weakness;
an increase in the abdomen;
copious menstrual flow;
facial hair growth;
increase or decrease in blood pressure;
strong thirst, accompanied;
a seal in the abdominal cavity, which can be felt;
weight loss for no apparent reason.

Disease during pregnancy

sickness in pregnant women sometimes asymptomatic. Sometimes it complicates the normal bearing of a child, so the doctor monitors its development, prescribes control ultrasounds.

What does an ovarian cyst affect in a pregnant woman? If education increases, it can put pressure on the uterus, which is fraught with premature birth, miscarriage.

In this case, emergency surgical intervention is indicated, since with pressure there is a high risk of volvulus of the cyst, its necrosis.

The rapid growth of the neoplasm and its malignancy is rare, but it is necessary to be constantly monitored by a doctor.

The risk of complications increases during labor because excessive stress abdominal muscles may contribute to the rupture of the cystic formation. Then the doctor performs an emergency operation.

When the cyst is small, practically does not grow, a woman can safely bear a child. Treatment will take place after delivery.

Types and their features

The cyst is a cavity filled with fluid, and there are different types:

functional- occurs most often. It appears with a hormonal failure, disappears spontaneously in a few menstrual cycles, does not require surgery.
Follicular The egg matures in a small sac called a follicle. With an imbalance of hormones, an inflammatory process, ovulation may not take place. Then the follicle does not burst, but is filled with liquid, turning into a capsule. Then the process develops in the opposite direction - the cavity decreases, then completely disappears.

What is a follicular ovarian cyst, what are the reasons for its formation in a woman, is it dangerous:

Cyst of the corpus luteum- a similar process sometimes occurs in the corpus luteum. With a lack of progesterone, a seal occurs with a liquid inside. If the formation reaches a large size, the woman feels discomfort. Such a cavity resolves itself.
Mucinous- very dangerous. It has a multi-chamber, bumpy surface, it has internal partitions. Often occurs before menopause. When it appears, severe pain occurs in the ovary. The neoplasm reaches enormous proportions in a short time. If the operation is not performed, the cavity can degenerate into a malignant tumor.
Dermoid Until the end, the reasons for its appearance have not been clarified. Often, a neoplasm occurs after an injury to the abdomen. The capsule can be up to 18 cm in diameter. Torsion of the leg is likely, which leads to acute pain. Treatment can only be surgical.
endometrioid- in terms of tissue composition, it is similar to the mucosa lining the uterine cavity. Filled with dark liquid. With such a neoplasm, hormonal therapy or surgical treatment is performed.

Why does an endometrioid cyst appear on the ovary in women, how dangerous is it, what is the treatment, the Popular Doctor will tell:

Hemorrhagic- refers to functional, but in this case, blood vessels burst inside the follicle or corpus luteum. There is hemorrhage, severe pain in the lower abdomen. Surgical treatment. During surgery, the ovary or part of it is removed.

Education on the left often occurs due to colitis. The intestines are located next to the female genital organs, so they have a histological relationship.

Right neoplasm arise for the same reasons, but sometimes appendectomy contributes to their appearance.

Bilateral ovarian cysts women are also diagnosed very often. They usually appear with a chronic infection.

What is the danger

What threatens an ovarian cyst in women? Such neoplasms should not be ignored, since they are fraught with the following dangers:

torsion- if the ovary, together with the cavity containing the fluid, is displaced, the cyst leg may twist. If the blood flow is disturbed, severe pain will occur. You can't do without surgery.
Perforation, rupture of education- with a slight deformation of the cyst in the lower abdomen, constant pain will be felt, and with its complete rupture, it will intensify.
Compression of internal organs- a large cavity with fluid inside presses on the bladder or rectum. This leads to urinary incontinence or constipation.

Rupture and torsion

With torsion, the symptoms are as follows: pain in the abdomen may not be too strong, but constant.

In this case, it is important to quickly get to the doctor, do an ultrasound.

Rupture of a cystic mass requires immediate surgery.

The following signs and symptoms indicate a rupture:

an increase in temperature, which does not return to normal when taking antipyretic drugs;
nausea leading to vomiting;
severe pain in the abdomen;
pale skin;
, loss of consciousness;
bleeding, the appearance of mucous secretions.

In this case, you need to call ambulance, otherwise high risk of developing life-threatening peritonitis.

Diagnostic methods, which doctor to contact

If there are any unpleasant symptoms, need to see a gynecologist. He will examine you and prescribe treatment.

If the cyst is functional, the doctor will monitor until it resolves. If necessary, he will refer you to laparoscopic or abdominal surgery.

Diagnostics is done in several stages. The following manipulations will be required:

collection of anamnesis, assessment of complaints;
bimanual gynecological examination, which allows to identify the presence of a pathological formation;
transabdominal or transvaginal ultrasound, which allows you to diagnose and monitor the formation;
puncture of the posterior fornix of the vagina, indicated for complicated illness;
diagnostic laparoscopy, which allows to remove the formation;
determination of the oncomarker CA-125 in the blood, which may indicate malignancy of the formation during menopause, as well as the presence of a simple neoplasm in the reproductive phase;
CT or MRI, giving information about the size, location, content of education;
a pregnancy test to rule out an ectopic pregnancy.

Therapy

Treatment of an ovarian cyst in a woman depends on its type and symptoms, it can be conservative and surgical. The method is selected only by the attending physician.

Medical

Conservative therapy is prescribed only if the formation is small, there is no discomfort. Patients are prescribed hormonal drugs that eliminate ovarian dysfunction.

How to treat a cyst on the ovary in women? The drugs are selected by the doctor depending on the situation.:

gestagens - sex hormones that normalize the functions of the sex glands. More often, doctors prescribe Utrozhestan, Duphaston. Oral contraceptives are also used quite often. They contribute to the establishment of a normal menstrual cycle, reduce the size of formations, prevent the appearance of new formations. As a rule, they are prescribed for 2-3 months. At this time, several ultrasounds are performed to see if the drug is working;
enzymes (eg Wobenzym);
vitamins (A, E, C, B);
homeopathic medicines;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that relieve pain;
antibiotics for inflammation.

If after 3-4 menstrual cycles, drug treatment does not work, an operation is performed.

Surgery

How is an ovarian cyst removed in women? Operations are of the following types:

Laparoscopy- a large cavity is removed through three small holes in the abdominal wall. The patient can go home as early as 6 days after surgery.
cystectomy- allows you to remove only the neoplasm and save the ovary. It is used when the formation is of medium size. After several cycles, the incision site heals, the ovary continues to function normally.
Resection of a part of an organ- the formation is removed with part of the ovary. This method is used when it has big sizes, torsion of the leg is observed. Over time, the body is restored, begins to work normally.
Ovariectomy- removal along with the ovary. It is performed when the formation is ruptured, the legs are twisted, if the operation was not carried out on time.

Folk remedies

If a lady wants to be treated using folk remedies She needs to consult with a specialist. They will help only with a functional neoplasm.

When the doctor insists on surgery, it is better to listen to him, because the danger of rupture is great. If he approves folk methods treatments, you can try them.

Honey helps get rid of the pathologies of the female genital area, as it has a general strengthening effect. In half a glass of honey, you should place the core of the bulb in the morning, and in the evening make a swab with the resulting remedy. Treatment continues for 10 days.

Flaxseed oil is good on the hormonal background. It can be taken 1 tablespoon daily. This tool will also be a good prevention.

Infusions of the red brush and winter-loving, upland uterus give a good effect. They are made in the same way - a teaspoon of herbs is steamed with a glass of boiling water and insisted for 20 minutes. Strained infusions will be used for treatment.

It should start immediately after the end of menstruation:

1 week - drink a third of a glass of the resulting infusion of the boron uterus three times a day one hour before meals;
Week 2 - drink the same amount of red brush infusion according to the same scheme;
Week 3 - drink winter-loving infusion according to the same principle.

After the end of the next menstruation, the course is repeated.

What not to do

With neoplasms contraindicated:

massage, cold, hot, any physiotherapy;
hot baths, bath, sauna;
Tan;
intense physical exercise which can lead to rupture;
self-treatment.

It should be remembered that treatment can only be prescribed by a doctor after a thorough examination.

How to avoid

Prevention measures include:

treatment of hormonal disruptions;
treatment of inflammation of the genital organs;
taking hormonal drugs only as prescribed by the doctor;
a sufficient amount of selenium and vitamin A in the daily diet;
exclusion of abortion;
the use of oral contraceptives;
visiting a gynecologist, taking tests twice a year;
rejection of the solarium, dosed exposure to the sun.

If you consult a doctor in time, strictly follow his instructions, you can completely get rid of the neoplasm without any negative health consequences.

So need to be examined regularly and not self-medicate. Then the woman will not worry about her health.

A cyst is a benign tumor-like neoplasm that has liquid content and a stalk with which it is attached to the organ.

It is carried out as secretory fluid accumulates in the cavity.

Cystic neoplasms must be observed and, despite their benign nature, some may have a tendency to degenerate into cancer, and although such cases are quite rare, this possibility should not be completely ruled out.

Essence of pathology

A cyst is a sac-like neoplasm that can vary in size - from a few mm to 20 cm in diameter.

Cysts are classified into two groups - ( , ) and organic ( , , , , ) .

Functional cysts can, this phenomenon is observed during stabilization hormonal background women.

Organic cysts do not disappear on their own, they do not lend themselves well, so they are mostly removed.

Without adequate treatment, cystic neoplasms can become complicated , or .

Such complications threaten the development of peritonitis, which can be fatal.

In most cases, pathology is diagnosed in women who are in reproductive period, but sometimes cysts can form and, as well as gynecologists, pathological neoplasms are found in young children (congenital dermoid cyst).

Causes

As the main cause of ovarian cysts, scientists consider changes in hormonal levels.

The cause of the occurrence is also possible apoptosis - programmed necrosis of cellular structures.

In addition, the occurrence of ovarian cysts can provoke the following factors:

Stress. Frequent stressful situations not only cause the destruction of the nervous system, but can also lead to gynecological diseases, including cystosis.
Disruptions in the menstrual cycle.
Disruptions in hormonal balance.
Taking drugs that are estrogen antagonists. They are often prescribed for the treatment of oncological processes in the mammary gland, as well as other gynecological ailments.
Bad habits - in particular smoking.
Obesity.
Inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs.
Surgical intervention in the abdominal cavity. For example, an appendectomy often results in a mass in the left ovary.
During menopause, a cyst can form as a result of inflammation in the intestines. Since the intestines are located in close proximity to the ovaries, both organs have a certain histological influence on each other.

The mechanism of development of ovarian cysts is not fully understood. Scientists managed to find out the provoking factors, and to establish the most common cause of the pathological process - hormonal imbalance. But for what reason the formation of organic cysts, as well as congenital cystic pathologies, occurs is still not known for certain. As for hormonal imbalance, it, in turn, has a large number of causes and provoking factors, so a woman is advised to lead a healthy lifestyle, not use hormonal drugs without a doctor's prescription, and also regularly undergo preventive examinations by a gynecologist.

Symptoms of the disease

The clinical picture of cystosis may vary depending on the type of neoplasm.

To general relate:

heaviness in the lower abdomen;
, unrelated to ;
unpleasant or painful sensations during;
increase in the volume of the abdomen;
temperature increase;
constipation;
increased urination.

Types of cysts and why they appear

Every month in the body of a woman in the reproductive period, ovulatory processes occur.

During ovulation, the follicle located in the ovary swells, bursts, as a result of which the egg comes out of it, ready for the fertilization process.

If the follicle does not burst in time, it overripes and turns into a neoplasm filled with follicular fluid. This is how a follicular cyst is formed.

It is formed in approximately the same way as the follicular, but in this case, the follicle grows and the corpus luteum grows. in its cavity has a bloody fluid.

When the follicle overripes, the vessels inside it burst, which leads to the accumulation of blood in the cavity of the cyst. Where does a cyst come from and what is it from?

Functional cysts occur as a result of the following reasons:

abortions;
frequent change of sexual partners;
lack of sexual life;
taking hormonal drugs;
improperly selected oral contraceptives;
inflammation;
infections;
stress;
excessive physical activity,
work with the harmful substances.

Endometrial cyst develops when particles of the overgrown endometrium get on the ovary. Thus, the cause of this type of cyst is endometriosis.

Paraovarian cyst develops due to stretching of the walls. Inflammatory processes, early puberty, frequent visits to saunas, overheating, endocrine disorders, unfavorable environmental conditions, hormone intake can lead to this phenomenon.

Serous cysts associated with violations of the functionality of the reproductive organs, as well as with hormonal imbalance.

Mucinous cyst often occurs when the immune system is weakened, hormonal disorders, inflammatory processes.

Dermoid cyst is laid in the body during the period of intrauterine development of the fetus. That is, it is a congenital pathology. The reasons for the incorrect laying of the germ layers are unknown.

Diagnostic measures

with cystic neoplasm are as follows:

Collection of anamnesis. The doctor finds out the symptoms that bother the patient, asks about her lifestyle, takes into account the number of abortions, childbirth, operations performed on the reproductive organs, and so on.
Examination in the gynecological chair. During the examination, the doctor receives information about the state of the reproductive organs.
Blood test for hormones.
Pregnancy test.
ultrasound. The study is performed transabdominally or transvaginally. The study helps to determine the type of neoplasm, its location, size, and so on.
Doppler color mapping. The blood flow in the cyst is examined.
Diagnostic laparoscopy. Using this method, you can not only visualize the neoplasm, but also remove it.

Medical treatment

Treatment of cysts with medicines is mainly carried out with the help of hormonal drugs..

In treatment, an integrated approach is very important, it is necessary not only to take hormones, but also to drink vitamin complexes, avoid stressful situations, eat right.

Among oral contraceptives, most commonly assigned:

Marvelon;
Qlaira;
Jeanine;
Regevidon;
Diana-35.

Gestagen preparations:

Norcalut;
Iclodinon;
Mastadinon;
Danazol;
Danone.

In addition, the doctor may prescribe Terzhinan. It is an antibacterial drug that is widely used to treat gynecological pathologies. It is used in inflammatory processes. You can also use tampons with Vishnevsky ointment, which have not only an antibacterial, but also a wound healing effect.

In some cases, diuretics are prescribed, for example, Veroshpiron, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs.:

Metronidazole;
Wobenzym;
Distreptaza.

As for vitamins, vitamin E, ascorbic and folic acid are prescribed for ovarian cysts.

With pain, No-shpa, Diclovit, Diclofenac are shown.

Surgical intervention

Surgery is necessary in the following cases:

the size of the neoplasm exceeds 8 cm;
the cyst does not respond to conservative treatment, and within 3 months of positive dynamics is not observed;
complications - torsion, rupture or suppuration;
there is a risk of degeneration into a malignant neoplasm.

Operation methods:

. This is a minimally invasive operation in which several punctures are made in the abdominal cavity, through which all manipulations are carried out.
laser removal. This is an operation similar to laparoscopy and is even safer because a laser beam is used instead of a scalpel. There is no risk of bleeding due to laser coagulation of the vessels.
Laparotomy. This is a complete abdominal operation. The surgeon makes a large incision in the peritoneal cavity, through which he gains access to the neoplasm.

There are also several ways to perform surgery.:

Cystectomy - the ovarian tissue is not affected, only the cyst is removed.
Wedge resection - the cyst and part of the damaged tissue of the organ are removed.
Ovariectomy is the removal of one ovary.
Adnexectomy - removal of the ovaries, their appendages, as well as the fallopian tube.

NOTE!

The choice of method and method of surgical intervention depends on the size of the cyst, its type, the age of the patient, the presence of complications and other factors.

Are folk remedies effective?

Cystosis should not be the main one, it can only be used as an additional therapy, and a mandatory consultation with a doctor is necessary before its use.

It must be said that organic cysts for treatment unconventional ways practically does not react, in this case decoctions and infusions medicinal herbs can only be used as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic.

As for functional cysts, their treatment with herbs is in principle possible, therefore, herbs are recommended that help normalize the hormonal background.

Treatment with folk remedies can be carried out through the internal intake of decoctions and infusions, tamponation or sitz baths.

The most commonly used plants are::

dandelion root;
burdock;
chamomile;
nettle;
mint;
elecampane;
St. John's wort;
yarrow;
red brush;
sage and others.

For tamponation, honey or propolis is used.

Preventive measures

Prevention of cyst formation is as follows:

timely detection and high-quality treatment of hormonal disorders;
careful treatment of all inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system;

torsion of the leg of the neoplasm;
rupture of the cyst capsule;
formation of adhesive process;
cyst suppuration, sepsis;
rebirth in oncology;
infertility;
menstrual irregularities;
violations in peristalsis;
problems with urination;
compression of the veins.

CAREFULLY!

All of these complications are quite dangerous, and some of them can be fatal.

Therefore, it is worthwhile to approach the treatment of pathology with great responsibility, and to understand that a cyst is a serious pathology.

When the leg of the cyst is twisted, a woman may be disturbed:

sharp pains;
vomit;
heat;
abdominal tension.

At break, there is:

strong pain;
increase in the volume of the abdomen;
asymmetric protrusion of the abdominal wall;
lowering blood pressure;
increased heart rate;
fainting.

These conditions are considered critical, and if such symptoms occur, a woman should be hospitalized and operated on as soon as possible.

Knowing what causes can lead to the formation of a cyst, a woman should be more attentive to her health, reconsider her lifestyle, consult a specialist, and cure all existing pathologies.

In addition, every woman should acquire a useful habit of visiting a gynecologist every six months for a preventive examination. A cyst only at first glance seems to be a harmless disease; if left untreated, it can lead to extremely serious consequences, even death.

And since the course of the disease at the initial stages of the disease is rarely accompanied by a bright clinical picture, a woman can find out about the presence of an ailment when a complication of the disease occurs.

Women's health is very fragile, and often gynecological pathologies become the causes of persistent infertility in women of childbearing age, and in women who are in the menopause, such ailments can provoke oncology.

Useful video

From the video you will learn about the causes of ovarian cysts:

In contact with

A cyst is a neoplasm, which is a thin bubble object filled with fluid of various etiologies. Cysts are formed at the site of follicle degeneration and most often do not reach more than fifteen centimeters in size.

cyst - common cause visiting a gynecologist

Causes of an ovarian cyst

Every month in a healthy woman reproductive age menses and ovulation occurs. During ovulation, a follicle swells in the right or left ovary, which subsequently must form progesterone, which is necessary for the movement of the egg from the ovary to the uterine space.

If the follicle overripes and does not have time to burst, it degenerates into a cyst filled with follicular fluid. What is the danger of an ovarian cyst and how to treat this disease - only a doctor can determine. The therapy program will be compiled individually, taking into account all the characteristics of the patient's body.

Non-bursting follicles degenerate into a cyst

Varieties of neoplasms

Ovarian cysts can have a different etiology and are divided into:

Follicular, formed during the maturation of the follicle on the body of the right or left ovary during ovulation. The cyst enlarges and may block the release of the egg, but it may also dissolve spontaneously during the next menstruation.
functional cyst. If we are talking about a functional cyst, then everything is much more complicated. A functional cyst is formed according to the same principle as a follicular one, but with its development, the follicle enlarges and the corpus luteum grows. In this case, the cyst already bears the name - "yellow body".
Hemorrhagic cyst. This neoplasm speaks about its content in the name. When the follicle is overripe and a yellow body is formed, the vessels inside the bubble formation are torn. Which leads to the appearance of blood in the composition of the cyst, and the neoplasm itself looks like a red or brown bubble. Symptoms of the appearance of such a cyst in a woman are characterized by sharp pains in the lower abdomen and lower back.
Dysontogenetic neoplasm. A cyst of this type is formed during the period when the ovaries have their greatest activity - the period of puberty.
A neoplasm that has developed into a tumor. This cyst leads to the formation cancer cells and subsequent ovarian cancer.

A functional cyst is also called a corpus luteum cyst.

Causes of the formation of cysts on the surface of the ovaries

Scientists agree that one of the main reasons that affect the formation of cysts on the surface of the ovaries in women is hormonal changes. Hormonal failure can provoke a large number of diseases, and most often these diseases relate to the female reproductive system.

Another cause of cysts is the death of cells programmed by the body (apoptosis).

Most often, the occurrence of an ovarian cyst (right or left) is associated with menstruation, therefore it is observed in women of reproductive age. But despite this, the manifestation of neoplasms is also possible during menopause.

Therefore, there are several reasons for the appearance of neoplasms in a woman's body:

Stress. He can not only destroy nervous system women, but also provoke the occurrence of complex gynecological diseases.
Violation of the menstrual cycle. Irregular periods can cause the development of the disease and indicate the occurrence of a violation of the reproductive system.
Hormonal disruptions. Any violations in the production of sex hormones cause an immediate response of the body. The appearance of neoplasms is evidence of this.
Neoplasm in the stage of relapse.
The use of estrogen antagonist drugs for the treatment of breast cancer or other reproductive disorders in women.
Inability to get pregnant for a long period.
Smoking and excessive use of toxic substances.
Obesity of any stage.
Inflammatory diseases.

Obesity and overeating provoke the development of cysts

Causes of cysts of the left and right ovary

In addition to the known causes of ovarian cysts, their localization in the region of the left or right ovary depends on certain conditions.

A cyst of the left ovary in women of reproductive age and during menopause may be due to inflammation of the intestine in its entirety or its individual segments, the cause of the inflammation may be unclear. Colitis can provoke a neoplasm on the left ovary, due to their proximity to the pelvic organs, they have a histological influence on each other. The spread of pathology is possible in both directions, so this factor should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of the left or right ovary.

If we study in more detail the mechanisms of the occurrence of a neoplasm of the right ovary, then they can occur as a result of surgical intervention. Appendectomy is one of the main contributing factors in the formation of a right ovarian cyst.

Colitis can cause ovarian cysts

Symptoms and signs of neoplasms

The causes of the appearance of ovarian neoplasms can be different, in most cases, if the neoplasms appear, they are asymptomatic. But if these bubbles cause discomfort to a woman, then the symptoms may be as follows:

Sharp pain in the lower abdomen. Pain can be both acute and very strong, disrupting the usual course of a woman's life.
Strong heaviness and squeezing sensations in the lower abdomen.
Irregular periods.
During a bowel movement, a woman may feel severe pain.
Pain in the vagina during intercourse and bloody issues between periods.

There are symptoms that indicate that you should see a doctor immediately:

Abundant bleeding during menstruation and uterine bleeding.
Fatigue and dizziness. General weakness.
High body temperature.

It should be remembered that if a woman has any symptoms of the presence of neoplasms in the body, she should immediately consult a doctor. After all, any neoplasm, the symptoms of which you try to stop locally, can lead to serious consequences. Turning to professionals in this case may be the only right way out.

High fever and low energy can be caused by a cyst

Treatment

Treatment of neoplasms is performed in several ways, the most effective of them is the method of laparoscopy.

Laparoscopy in combination with drug treatment can completely stop the symptoms of the disease and help the woman feel good again.

Drug treatment consists in the use of drugs aimed at restoring the hormonal background, which will allow the follicular neoplasm to resolve naturally in several cycles.

Laparoscopy is used both in case of emergency intervention and planned. When the fluid sac is ruptured, laparoscopy can help prevent peritonitis and further complications.

Surgical treatment is required if the neoplasms are multiple in nature and threaten the woman's ability to become pregnant.

If you have symptoms of an ovarian cyst, you should contact a specialist immediately. The doctor, having examined you initially, will be able to prescribe the appropriate treatment. Sometimes, medication is enough. If surgery is required, the patient may be given preoperative hormonal therapy.

Without the help of qualified specialists, the treatment that you prescribe for yourself will only harm you. Keep this in mind and do not delay your visit to the doctor.

In the ovaries, the production of female sex hormones occurs, on which not only the reproductive ability of the body depends, but also the general health of the woman. The imbalance of estrogen and progesterone that occurs with ovarian diseases can lead to infertility and other unpleasant consequences. An imbalance of hormones is often the cause of tumors in the uterus, mammary glands. Violations of the cycle speak of trouble in the state of the ovaries. Some pathologies are discovered by chance during a routine examination.

Content:

What is an ovarian cyst, its types

A cyst is a cavity formed in the tissues of organs. It is filled with blood or mucous mass. Unlike a cystoma (a benign tumor), a cyst grows only due to the accumulation of fluid inside its cavity. In this case, the division of tumor cells does not occur, due to which the size of the cystoma increases.

An ovarian cyst is capable in some cases of reverse development and may even disappear on its own. The occurrence of an ovarian cyst occurs directly in itself, as well as in its appendage.

Functional cysts and the reasons for their formation

The occurrence of cysts is directly related to the regular cyclic changes that occur in the ovaries. The peculiarity is that they can dissolve on their own (sometimes they disappear without a trace in the next cycle, but in some cases they form again). Such neoplasms occur in women of reproductive age and in the premenopausal period. After the disappearance of menstruation, the appearance of such cysts is impossible.

They are formed in the ovary itself: in the follicle (follicular) and in the corpus luteum (corpus luteum cyst). If there is an accumulation of blood in the cavity due to rupture of blood vessels, then a so-called hemorrhagic cyst is formed.

Follicular cyst. Such a pathology occurs when the mature follicle does not rupture (ovulation does not occur in the middle of the cycle), and the accumulation of secretory fluid leads to stretching of the walls and the formation of a cystic cavity.

Yellow cyst. It is formed if, as a result of hormonal disorders, the corpus luteum does not disappear, and a cavity filled with liquid forms in its place.

The main cause of functional ovarian cysts is a violation of the hormonal balance in the body. The follicular cystic cavity is formed with an excess of estrogens (hyperestrogenism), when there is an excessive increase in the size of the follicle. A corpus luteum cyst forms when the pituitary gland produces an excess of luteinizing hormone, which stimulates ovulation and growth of the corpus luteum. One of the reasons for the formation of functional cavities is a violation of blood circulation in the tissues of the ovaries.

Similar cysts are formed as a result of dysfunction of the ovaries:

abortions;
lack of sexual life or frequent change of sexual partners;
diseases of the pituitary or thyroid gland;
taking hormonal drugs for the treatment of infertility, alleviating menopausal symptoms;
oral contraception using the wrong means;
inflammatory processes in the genitals;
infectious diseases organs of the reproductive system (including venereal);
stress and increased physical activity;
contact with hazardous substances at work.

Video: Reasons for the formation of functional cysts

Cysts not associated with cycle processes

Perhaps the appearance of formations of a non-functional type. Their formation occurs independently of the processes of the cycle. They are found in women of any age (often they degenerate into a malignant tumor, especially in women over 50 years old). Such cysts reach 30 cm in diameter. They do not disappear on their own, mandatory treatment is required.

Endometrioid. It is formed in the ovary when particles of a pathologically enlarged endometrium get on it (with endometriosis). Some women have a genetic predisposition to the development of this process and the formation of such pathologies. The more pregnancies and childbirth a woman has, the less often menstruation occurs, that is, the death of the endometrium and its renewal. Therefore, defects in the development of the endometrium are much more likely to occur in nulliparous women.

The occurrence of endometrioid cysts is facilitated by any factors associated with interference with the natural course of reproductive processes (artificial abortion, refusal to breastfeed, sexual abstinence). The cause of improper development of the endometrium is inflammation in the uterus, damage to the mucous membrane during medical procedures.

Paraovarian- develops in the ovarian appendages. This type of neoplasm appears in women of reproductive and menopausal age. Since the increase in neoplasm occurs only due to the stretching of the walls, without the formation of new cells, such cysts, even in older women, do not degenerate into cancer. The reasons for the development of such neoplasms are the uncontrolled use of hormonal drugs, inflammatory diseases, early puberty, endocrine disorders, hot baths, frequent visits to the sauna, and the impact of unfavorable ecology.

Serous cystadenoma. Formation with a dense shell, formed from the cells of the ovarian wall, filled with serous fluid (lymph). Such a tumor may consist of one or more chambers. Occurs in one or both organs. The causes of cysts are hormonal disorders and pathologies in the uterus and ovaries.

Mucinous cystadenoma. The cyst consists of several interconnected capsules in which a layer of epithelial cells is formed that produces mucin (mucus that fills the cavity). Often occurs simultaneously in both ovaries. It usually occurs in women over 30 years of age. Often, such tumors are observed with a late onset of menopause. The provoking factors for the formation of cysts are the weakening of the immune system as a result of various inflammatory diseases, hormonal disorders. The factor of heredity matters.

Papillary cystadenoma. On the inner and outer surface of the cystic cavity there are growths in the form of papillae. Such cysts are more likely than others to degenerate into a cancerous tumor. A cystadenoma can grow into the intestines and bladder, causing symptoms such as diarrhea or urinary incontinence. Possible formation of ascites (accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity). Moreover, a similar symptom usually appears with ovarian cancer.

Therefore, there is often doubt about the nature of the tumor. To clarify the nature, ultrasound, a blood test for oncology are performed. Typically, such a cyst is removed by laparoscopy, followed by a histological examination of the contents.

Dermoid. It is a round benign neoplasm containing an internal epithelium filled with mucus and fragments of bone, dental, adipose tissue, particles of skin and hair. Teratoma (dermoid cyst) is laid even in the period of intrauterine development as a result of a chromosomal failure. Neoplasm growth begins at any age. The reasons for the development of ovarian cysts are injuries, as well as hormonal changes that occur in the body during puberty, during pregnancy or during menopause. In rare cases, the neoplasm degenerates into cancer.

Video: Types of ovarian cysts. When is surgery needed?

Symptoms and complications

Symptoms of cyst formation appear when it reaches a sufficiently large size and begins to put pressure on neighboring organs. In this case, the abdomen may have an asymmetric shape, a pulling pain is felt in the area of the affected ovary. There are cycle disturbances. A woman has constipation (if the tumor presses on the intestines), pain when urinating (if the bladder is compressed). Pressure on the vessels leads to varicose veins in the legs.

The danger of an ovarian cyst, even a small one, is that it can rupture. In this case, the contents can enter the abdominal cavity, which will lead to peritonitis. If an internal hemorrhage occurs in the ovary, it ruptures (apoplexy). Twisting of the cyst stem is possible, causing tissue necrosis.

Symptoms of complications is a sharp pain. Immediate surgical assistance is required. Doctors recommend removing the ovarian cyst if it has not resolved on its own within 3 months, it increases in size, ultrasound shows that there are signs of an inflammatory process. It is desirable to get rid of the cyst before the onset of pregnancy, so that its course passes without complications.

Removal of small neoplasms is performed by a medical method using hormonal pills. Complicated cysts are removed by the least traumatic surgical methods.