Mapping of Siberia. Ancient Siberian ghost towns Ancient maps of Western Siberia

Siberia is part of the Asian territory of Russia. Until 1917, in official documents and scientific literature, the entire territory from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean was called Siberia. After the establishment of Soviet power in Siberia, two regions were formed - Siberian and Far Eastern. Since then, the term "Siberia" has been understood in two ways: in one case - for the entire territory east of the Urals, in the other only for Western and Eastern Siberia, excluding the Far East. The area of Siberia (with the Far East) is 12,765.9 thousand square meters. km.
The northern part of Western Siberia was known to Novgorodians as early as the 11th century. under the name of Yugra land. In the XIII century. Ugra is mentioned among the volosts subordinate to Novgorod. In 1558, the Moscow government sanctioned the creation of the Perm estates of the Stroganovs, which contributed to the development of Siberia by the Russians. Ermak's campaign in 1581 (according to some sources, in 1579) opened the way for the Russians to the Irtysh valley, and the defeat of Khan Kuchum in 1598 meant the end of the Siberian Khanate.
From the beginning of the 17th century Russians penetrate into the basin of the middle Yenisei. Founded in 1661, the Irkutsk prison became the center of a vast voivodeship, which included the Cis-Baikal and Trans-Baikal lands. IN early XVIII in. Russian possessions in the north and east of Siberia, with a few exceptions, reached the natural continental borders: in the south, the line went along the border of the forest and the steppe, the foothills of the Altai and Sayan mountains, the Yablonevy and Stanovoy ridges.
The development of such a vast territory posed grandiose geographical tasks, the solution of which belongs to Russian science. Major discoveries in this part of the globe were recorded on general geographical maps - from the middle of the 17th century, after the campaign of Semyon Dezhnev, until the middle of the 18th century, when the Great Siberian-Pacific Expedition ended. During this time, the northern and eastern borders of the Asian continent were identified and mapped, the relationship between the Asian continent and North America was established, sea routes were laid from Okhotsk to Kamchatka and from Kamchatka to Japan, astronomical determinations were made of a number of points in Siberia (meaning Siberia and the Far East) , the “Baikal Sea” and the most important Siberian rivers are mapped. Later, the economic development of Siberia in the 19th-20th centuries was reflected on the thematic maps of this territory. It is obvious that Russian geographical discoveries and research in Siberia and the Far East in the XVII-XX centuries. made a huge contribution to world science.

Exhibition catalog

General map of the Russian Empire... I. Kirilov. [St. Petersburg, 1734]
Atlas of the Russian, consisting of nineteen special maps
Map showing Inventions by Russian Navigators in the North of America... [St. Petersburg: AN, 1773]. ???
Map of the Irtysh River, the southern part of the Siberian province flowing and the former Zengor Kalmyk possessions. Op. Ivan Isleniev 1777; Cutout. student L. Sergeev. - [St. Petersburg: Geographical Department of the Academy of Sciences], 1777.
A new map of the Russian Empire, divided into governorships. [St. Petersburg: AN], 1786.
A Russian atlas of forty-four maps, dividing the Empire into forty-two governorships. Op., grav. and oven. at the Mining School 1792 / Op. A. Wilbrecht. Grav. A.Savinkov, I.Leonov, K.Ushakov. - [St. Petersburg, after 1793].
Geographical atlas of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Finland ... - [St. Petersburg, 1827].
Map of Asian Russia with adjacent possessions
Geological map of the coastal strip of Lake Baikal. St. Petersburg, [after 1880].
Map of the dioceses of the Orthodox Russian Church (Asian Russia)
Map of the railways of Western Siberia and the Central Asian possessions

Theatrum orbis terrarum. - Antverpiae: Christoffel Plantijn: 1570.
1 t.: l. text and maps. Grav.; 42x31 cm.
(electronic resource)

The first printed map of Siberia. Map from the atlas of A. Ortelius: "Teatrum orbis terrarum" ("The spectacle of the globe." Antwerp, 1570). For a whole century after the publication of this map, Western European cartography of Siberia did not achieve any noticeable results.

Russiae, Moscoviae et Tartariae Descriptio.
Auctore Antonio Jenkensono Anglo,
edita Londini Anno 1562 and dedicata illustriss:
D. Henrico Sydneo Walliae praesidi..
1l. 35x44 (42x54) (electronic resource)

The map of Muscovy by Antony Jenkinson was compiled after the author's first trip to Russia and Asia and was made on the basis of his personal observations. In the upper left corner of the map is the image of Tsar Ivan the Terrible. Map from the atlas of A. Ortelius: "Teatrum orbis terrarum" ("The spectacle of the globe"). Antwerp, 1570).

Tartariae. Iodocus Hondius. .

The map of Siberia was compiled by Iodok Hondius.
First published in the atlas of Gerard Mercator, supplemented by Hondius and published in 1606 under the title: Atlas sive cosmographicae meditationes...(Amsterdam). Compiled, obviously, on the basis of Mercator's World Map of 1569.
It also included the results of the expedition of Wilem Barents to Novaya Zemlya (1595-1597).
The image of Siberia does not correspond to reality and partially reflects the ideas of Ptolemy. The northern coast of Asia is washed by " calm sea Russians" ("Niaren More id est Tranguillum...") with the island of Tazata (Tazata) and Cape Tabin (Tabin).

Map of Russia by the famous Dutch geographer and cartographer Gessel Gerrits. Published in Asterdam in 1614.
The cartouche notes that it was made according to the autograph of Tsarevich Fyodor Borisovich Godunov, as well as according to maps and information that he managed to obtain additionally.
The northeastern part of the map is brought to the river. Pyasina. West of the river Pyasina river is shown. Teneseya (Yenisei).
The Ob River is depicted flowing from Lake Kitayka. A part of Novaya Zemlya is conventionally shown.

Tartaria. . (electronic resource)

The map was first printed in the Supplement to the Mercator Atlas (Appendix Atlantis) published in 1633 by G. Hondius. Later it was reprinted in all editions of the atlas of I. Janson, in the second volume of the atlas of V. Blau "Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, sive Atlas Novus".

Nueuwe Lantkaarte van het Noorder
en Oofter deel van Asia en Europa.
Strekkende van Nova Zemla tot China.
Aldus Getekent, Beschreven, in Kaart gebragt en uytgegen. Sedert cen Nauwkreurig ondersoek van meer asl twintig Iaaren door Nicolaes Witsen. Anno: 1687. - .
1 l. 116x131 cm. Copper engraving. (electronic resource)

Nicholas Witsen's map of North Asia was the first Western European map of Siberia, which to some extent corresponds to reality, since it was compiled on the basis of reliable materials received by Witsen from Russia and Siberia.
The main sources, according to him, were "Siberian luboks" (wooden boards with carved drawings), and in the text of the book "Northern and Eastern Tartaria", published in 1692, there are direct borrowings from the Book of the Big Drawing (paintings of geographical objects applied on a Russian map of the 16th century that has not come down to us)
The map covers the territory from the Volga River to the east to the Pacific Ocean and from the Arctic Ocean to the northern borders of China, as it was known before the conclusion of the Treaty of Nerchinsk in 1689.
The map reflects in detail the area of portages from Pechora to the Ob, a village in the Urals, the way to China along the Siberian rivers, but as you move east, its detail decreases.

Imperii Russici sive Moscoviae Status Generalis…ex Tabula…N.Witsen… Per F.de Witt. amsterdam,
.
1l. 45x56. Copper engraving, painted.
(electronic resource)
Immediately after its publication, the map of North Asia became extremely popular, and it is not surprising that the work of N. Witsen became a model for many Western European cartographers. We present one of a number of such maps available in the Cartography Department of the National Library of Russia.

Drawing book of Siberia.
The drawing book was written according to the decree of the Great Sovereign Tsar and Grand Duke Peter Alekseevich, autocrat of all the Great and Little White Russia, all Siberia and cities and lands, a description with an adjacent residence, in the summer from the creation of the world of 7209 from the Nativity of Christ, 1701, January on the first day.
1 vol. (tit. sheet, text, 46 sheets. maps). 63x44 cm.
Reproduction of the handwritten edition.
(electronic resource)

The drawing book of Siberia, compiled by S. U. Remezov and his sons, is the first Russian atlas of this territory and the last of the ancient Russian cartographic monuments based on inaccurate definitions of longitudes and latitudes. It contains 21 regional drawings and two general drawings of Siberia.
There are no indications of scale on the maps, there is no uniformity in orientation, however, the drawings contain a lot of physical-geographical, socio-economic and ethnographic data.
On the back of the maps there is a text containing brief geographical and historical information characterizing the displayed territory. And despite the fact that the accuracy of these drawings in the modern sense is not great, they were the first to give an image of Siberia with such detail. The appearance of the "Drawing Book of Siberia" made it possible to imagine, albeit very schematically, the location of the lands of the state, the course of rivers, the abundance of settlements, distances expressed in travel days, and, in addition, made it possible to obtain information about the resettlement of the peoples of Siberia. It was an event of great national importance, which later played a significant role in the development of the entire region.

Nova Descriptio Geographica Tartariae Magnae tam orientalis quam occientalis in particularibus et generalibus Territoriis una cum Delineatione totius Imperii Russici imprimis Siberiae accurate ostensa .
1l. 63x98 (75x105). Grav. Coloring

Map of Russia (New geographical description of Tartaria). The map was compiled by Philip Strallenberg (F. Tabbert), a captured Swedish officer who lived in Tobolsk from 1711 to 1721. To create it, materials from the atlas of S. U. Remezov and other private maps of Siberia were used.
The map was first published in Paris in 1725, and in 1730 in Stockholm, as an appendix to Strallenberg's book: Das Nord und Ostliche Their von Europa und Asia.
There are many inaccuracies on the map, and the materials of the First Stage of the Second Siberian-Pacific Expedition are not taken into account. But in comparison with the general maps of Siberia by other authors, Strallenberg's map gives a lot of new things. It shows, although not completely: the Chukchi Peninsula, Kamchatka, gives more accurate contours of the Caspian Sea, separating it from the Aral Sea, etc.

The general map of the Russian Empire, as far as possible, was correctly composed by the work of Ivan Kirilov, chief secretary of the ruling Senate in St. Petersburg, 1734. [Grav. G.I.Unfertsakht]. [SPb., 1734]
1l. 54x89 (69x97). Grav. Coloring (electronic resource)

The first overview geographical map of the Russian Empire. When compiling it, Ivan Kirilov used the maps of geodesists - participants in the cartographic and geodetic work carried out in Russia since 1721, and all the achievements of Russian cartography known to him at that time.
The map also includes materials from Vitus Bering's First Kamchatka Expedition. When compiling an overview map, inconsistencies were found between the maps of provinces and counties, which was the result of an insufficient number of strongholds. Therefore, the map exaggerated the length of the country in longitude by 7-8 °.
The general map of the Russian Empire by Kirilov was widely used both in Russia and abroad and served as a source for creating a number of maps included in the atlases of Homan, Robert de Wagondy and others.

Atlas of the Russian, consisting of nineteen special maps representing the All-Russian Empire with border lands, composed according to the rules of Geographic and the latest observations, with the attached general map of the Great Seya of the Empire, the diligence and work of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. St. Petersburg: AN: 1745.
1 vol. (tit. l., p. of text, 19, unfolded l. maps): 55x37 cm. Engraving on copper, colored. (electronic resource)

The atlas was compiled and published by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The maps are based on instrumental surveys organized throughout Russia, using materials from Bering's Second Kamchatka Expedition and the Great Northern Expedition.
The Atlas was the result of twenty years of work of the Academy of Sciences and was published in Russian, Latin, German and French. It was made to the highest standards of its time, and its publication was of great scientific and political importance for Russia.
The atlas includes 6 maps reflecting the territory of Asian Russia:
No. 14. Part of the rivers Pechora, Ob and Yenisei together with their mouths flowing into the Northern Ocean.
No. 15. The course of the rivers Irtysh, Yenisei with their peaks and near them ... lying places ...
No. 16. Part of the Ice Sea with the mouth of the Lena River and the northern part of the Yakutsk district.
No. 17. Irkutsk province and the Baikal Sea with the top of the Lena River ... parts of the Argun and Amur rivers.
No. 18. Part of the Yakutsk district and most of Kamchatka.
No. 19. The mouth of the Amur River with the southern part of Kamchatka and various islands found in the Eastern Ocean.

Map showing Inventions by Russian Navigators in the North of America... [St. Petersburg: AN, 1773].
1 l. 44x62 (55x76) cm. Copper engraving. (electronic resource)

Map of the northeastern part of Siberia and the northwestern coast of America. The routes of the floats of Bering, Sind, Chirikov, three Russian ships in 1748 are shown; on the territory of America, coastal areas discovered by Bering in 1741, Chirikov - in 1741, etc.
Work on the map was carried out in 1753-1758. under Miller's "watching" in response to J.-N. Delisle, published in Paris in 1752, which erroneously displayed the results of the Second Kamchatka Expedition, and cited some mythical data.

Map of the Irtysh River, the southern part of the Siberian province flowing and the former Zengor Kalmyk possessions.
Op. Ivan Isleniev 1777; Cutout. student L. Sergeev. - [St. Petersburg: Geographical Department of the Academy of Sciences], 1777.
1 sheet: 45x54 (54x75) cm.
Engraving on copper, coloring. (electronic resource)

One of the maps of the Asian part of Russia, compiled based on the results of the expeditions of the Academy of Sciences in 1768-1774. The territory of a part of the Siberian and Orenburg provinces, parts of the Middle Kirghiz-Kaisatskaya horde, the Greater Kirghiz-Kaisatsky horde, parts of Greater Bukhara, the former possessions of the Zengor Kalmyks, [Small] Bukharia are shown. The map shows the names of many landscape complexes (mountains, ridges, sands, steppes, tracts).

New map Russian Empire divided into governorates. [St. Petersburg: AN], 1786.
1 sheet: 86x183 (83x176) cm. Engraving on copper,
coloring borders, incl. onto the canvas. (electronic resource)

The map of the Russian Empire was compiled on the basis of new astronomical observations by I. Truskot together with F.I. Schubert and J. Schmidt and published by the Geographical Department of the Academy of Sciences. It is the result of intensive expeditionary and cartographic work of the Academy of Sciences in the 18th century. According to this map in 1786 Academician G.-V. Kraft first determined the area of the Russian Empire.

A Russian atlas of forty-four maps, dividing the Empire into forty-two governorships.
Op., grav. and oven. at the Mining School 1792 / Op. A. Wilbrecht. Grav. A.Savinkov, I.Leonov, K.Ushakov. - [St. Petersburg, after 1793].
1 vol. (tit. sheet 89 p. cards, 1 p. list of cards). 55x44 cm. Copper engraving. (electronic resource)

The maps of the governorships included in this atlas were compiled by A. Wilbrecht in the Geographical Department of the Cabinet of Her Imperial Majesty. The second, after the academic atlas of 1745, the fundamental reference atlas of the Russian Empire, containing the maximum number of settlements. It reflected the administrative reforms carried out under the New Regulations on the provinces of 1775, as well as territorial changes in the west of the country. The atlas covers with its sheets the entire territory of the Russian Empire, the Asian part of which is represented by the following maps: Map of the Perm province of 12 counties; Map of the Orenburg province of 10 districts; Map of the Tobolsk province of 16 districts; Map representing the western part of the Irkutsk province of 15 counties; The eastern part of the Irkutsk province, containing 2 districts and the Chukchi land with the adjacent islands and the western coast of America.

General card of Asian Russia
according to the latest division into provinces,
regions and Primorsky departments,
showing the ways of Russian seafarers. -
St. Petersburg: Military topographic depot, 1825.
1 sheet: 58 x 124 cm. Copper engraving, colorized. borders; incl. on fabric. (electronic resource)

The map shows the sailing routes of Russian sailors in the Arctic and Pacific Oceans in the XVIII-early XIX centuries.

Geographical atlas of the Russian Empire,
Kingdoms of Poland and the Grand Duchy
Finnish ... - [St. Petersburg, 1827].
1 vol. (title sheet, table of contents, 78 sheets. coloring cards)
44x54 cm. Copper engraving. (electronic resource)

Atlas of road maps by V. P. Pyadyshev is an addition to the "Guide to the entire Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Poland ..". When compiling maps, materials from topographic surveys of the Military Topographic Depot and the General Land Survey were used.
The maps show several types of roads (large postal, secondary postal, passing large, etc.), postal stations, and indicate the distance between stations.
The title page of the atlas indicates the year 1820, although the maps included in the atlas date from 1820-1827.
The atlas has been reprinted 5 times.

Map of Asian Russia with adjacent possessions / Ed. Colonel Bolshev. - St. Petersburg: Military Topographic Department. Ch. headquarters: 1884.
1 card (8 sh.) 56 x 80 cm. Colour, incl. on fabric.
(electronic resource)

A 100-verst map of Asiatic Russia was created by the Military Topographic Department of the Main Directorate of the General Staff. The topographic surveys of the General Staff were then the most extensive and accurate, they were "attached" and based on them all the survey work of other departments, they were used by all survey parties, scientific expeditions and travelers.

Map of Asian Russia / Comp. G.M.Koversky according to information available in the Ministries: the Imperial Court (Land of the Cabinet of His Majesty and the Main Directorate of Destinies), Military, Maritime, Communications, State Property and Justice. - St. Petersburg: Kartogr. military institution. department Ch. headquarters: 1895.
1 map (16 folded sheets): color, tab., ill., overlay on the canvas; 79x98 cm, (102x88 cm), hardback. 28x32 cm. (electronic resource)

The map of Asian Russia is an appendix to the book by G. M. Koversky. "On geodetic work and the construction of the Great Siberian Way." - St. Petersburg, 1896.
The map shows existing, under construction and planned railways, postal, pack and large caravan roads, telegraph and telephone cables, canals, military ports, geological surveys in 1893-1894, areas of state forests, minerals (19 types), mineral springs , deposits of hard and brown coal.
The text contains a list of sea and land expeditions, routes of semi-instrumental and visual surveys made in Asiatic Russia and adjacent territories from 1719 to 1893, a schedule for the distribution of work on laying a rail track on the Siberian Railway.

Geological map of the coastal strip of Lake Baikal. St. Petersburg, [after 1880].
2 l. in a general frame. 70 x 84 cm.
Lithograph, col. (electronic resource)

The geological map was compiled by the well-known explorer of Siberia, geographer, geologist and paleontologist I.D. Chersky on the basis of research by the Russian Geographical Society in 1877-1880.
The map shows various geological systems, the dip and direction of layers, outcrops and mining sites of various rocks, etc.

Map of the dioceses of the Orthodox Russian Church
(Asian Russia) with the application of a map of world communications / Comp. A. Dobryakov. - St. Petersburg: .
1 card (4 sheets) 53x73 cm: col. (electronic resource)

The map of the dioceses of the Orthodox Russian Church was compiled by A.V. Dobryakov - the ruler of affairs and a member of the educational committee at the Holy Synod.
The map shows monasteries indicating the year or century of foundation, the place of residence of the bishop indicating the time of the establishment of the diocese, missionary camps, etc.

Map of the inhabited part of Siberia.
Tobolsk province. - St. Petersburg: Techn.
Auto-lithograph De-Kelsch, 1905.
1 l. 70x64 cm: lithograph, col. (electronic resource)

The map of the populated part of Siberia, published by the Resettlement Administration, is an appendix to the estimate of income and expenses of the Resettlement Administration for road works for 1908.
The map shows resettlement plots (inhabited and uninhabited), spare and quitrent plots, lands of old-timer peasants, foreign lands, privately owned lands, state-owned forest dachas; as well as allocated roads (new, old, built and repaired from 1903 to 1908) and roads built, built and repaired in 1907.

Map of the railways of Western Siberia and the Central Asian possessions showing the theoretical maximum bandwidth them for the summer period of 1914 -: St. Petersburg,.
1 l. 91x63 cm. Lithography, col. (electronic resource)

The railway map was compiled by the Operational Department of the Ministry of Railways. The map shows state and private railways, divided into single- and double-track railways, railways under construction, tariff distance in versts, etc.

Atlas of Asiatic Russia. Published under the direction of G.V. Glinka. Text edited by I.I. Tkhorzhevsky. The general edition of M.A. Tsvetkov. St. Petersburg: Resettlement Administration, 1914.
1 vol. (223 pages) 55x43 cm. Lithography, col. (electronic resource)

The Atlas of Asiatic Russia is one of the best achievements of Russian pre-revolutionary cartography.
Its appearance was in the interests of the new agrarian policy of the government, in particular, the interests of the agricultural development of Siberia and other rich land areas of Asian Russia, which required a comprehensive study of new areas.
That is why the atlas contains a whole series of thematic maps of Asian Russia, as well as general geographical maps of individual provinces and regions.
Thematic maps characterize the administrative structure, natural conditions, population and economy, while general geographical maps provide additional information about land ownership, resettlement areas, the lands of old-time peasants, etc.
Adjacent to these maps are maps and graphs of irrigation systems. At the beginning of the atlas there is a brief outline of the history of the cartography of Asian Russia with a reproduction of some old maps (including maps from the Drawing Book of Siberia). The atlas is also provided with an index containing more than 9,000 geographical names.

From 1719 to 1727, Dr. Messerschmidt worked in Siberia “to find all sorts of rarities”, who attracted the Swedish captive officer Philipp-John Tabbert as an assistant, who later received the nobility and the surname of Stralenberg. He was exiled to Siberia after the Battle of Poltava. Taking advantage of frequent travel, he compiled a map of Siberia. His first map burned down or was stolen in 1715 during a fire in Tobolsk; the second map in 1718 was selected by the Siberian governor Prince. Gagarin forbade doing this, threatening to link to the "Arctic Sea".

Only after the death of the Gagarin (1719), Stralenberg again set about compiling his map. Subsequently, upon returning to his homeland, he corrected it and, at the conclusion of the Nystadt peace, personally brought it to Peter in Moscow, for which he was offered command over the "land surveying part", which he however refused. This map was printed in 1730 and entitled Nova Descriptio Geographica Tattariae Magnae tam orientalis quam occidentalis in particularibus et generalibus Territoriis una cum Delineatione totius Imperii Russici imprimis Sibiriae accurate ostensa.

Hosting is not rubber, so you can download the map in high quality (100x60 cm at 300 dpi, 61 Mb) from rusfolder

Despite the keen interest of Peter the Great in this matter, he never managed to see the map of Siberia made in his reign. An expedition was sent to Kamchatka "in order to look for where it met with America." The leadership of this expedition was entrusted to Vitus Bering. The Imperial Decree on the appointment of this expedition followed on December 23, 1724. The handwritten instruction was written by Peter the Great on January 6, 1725, and three weeks later Peter died.

Bering returned from an expedition in 1730. His assertion that Asia, after Kamchatka, still stretches to the north, forming Chukotka Peninsula, where it is separated by a strait from America, caused surprise and distrust. The only one who believed him was Kirillov - a great zealot of education, the chief secretary of the Senate, who apparently contributed a lot to equipping Bering's expedition.

Although Kirillov was considered an expert on Russian maps, however, Peter the Great wished to put a foreign astronomer at the head of Russian cartography, for which he invited Joseph Delil, who arrived in Russia only after Peter's death. In 1726, the Academy of Sciences reported to Empress Catherine I that the Academy was ready to start compiling, with the participation of Delisle, an atlas of Russia. The empress agreed, but ordered nothing to be done without the instructions of Kirillov, with whom Delisle entered into relations regarding the publication of the Atlas.

The Academy received as material for compiling the atlas both from the office of Her Majesty and from the Governing Senate the work of surveyors. Delisle recognized many of these materials as unsatisfactory and insufficient and decided to equip new expeditions. His atlas project grew to colossal proportions: one European Russia should have consisted of 30 sheets. The abundance of incoming material and the enormity of the work started by Delisle, which was beyond the power of one person, led the Academy of Sciences to the establishment of a special Geographical Department under the direction of Delisle.

Finally, after twenty years of work, was completed in 1745, when he was the director of the Geographical Department of Geinsius, "Atlas of Russia, consisting of 19 special maps representing the All-Russian Empire with border lands." This atlas includes six sheets assigned to Asian Russia - from No. 14 to No. 19:

Sheet number 14. Part of the Pechora, Ob and Yenisei rivers, together with their mouths, flow into the Northern Ocean. Click to open in full size, 1.8 MB

Sheet number 15. The course of the Irtysh River, the Yenisei with their peaks and with them ... lying places ... Click to open in full size, 2 Mb

Sheet number 16. Part of the Ice Sea with the mouth of the Lena River and the northern part of the Yakutsk district. Click to open in full size, 1.5 Mb

Sheet number 17. Irkutsk province and the Baikal Sea with the top of the Lena River ... parts of the Argun and Amur rivers. Click to open in full size, 5 MB

Sheet number 18. Part of the Yakutsk district and most of Kamchatka. Click to open in full size, 1.4 MB

Sheet number 19. The mouth of the Amur River and the southern part of Kamchatka and various islands found in the Eastern Ocean. Click to open in full size, 1.5 Mb

The publication of this atlas put Russia in the field of geographical science in one of the first places in Europe: only France had something similar. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna appreciated the work of our surveyors and cartographers and in 1752 granted them all hereditary nobility.

In 1964, an article by L. A. Goldenberg was published, in which he informed the scientific community about the publication in 1958 abroad by L. S. Bagrov of S. U. Remezov’s “Chorographic Book”. This "book" served as preparatory material for the "Drawing Book of Siberia", "Service Drawing Book" and "Drawing of All Siberia", compiled by S. U. Remezov for Tsar Peter Alekseevich. The "Chorographic Book" was prepared in 1697 and is an earlier complete source for the researcher than subsequent editions, since it was made on a large scale and brings such valuable information that was not included in the small-scale maps of S. U. Remezov's albums. "Book" is a historical, geographical, ethnographic, toponymic, pictorial source.

The territory of the Novosibirsk region in the "Chorographic Book" is placed on sheets 93 and 128. On l. 93 shows part of the river. Irtysh, and attached to it is an inset without a name, indicating the Baraba steppe. In fact, this map covers most of the Tukule volost - the Ob-Irtysh interfluve in the area of the Baraba steppe. The map shows the hydrographic network as it appeared to the people of that time. Most of the rivers depicted on the map flow from the mythical "key" in the area of the present Vasyugan swamps. "The key in the middle of the swamp is 14 rivers, and in winter it beats two fathoms up," reads the inscription at the bottom of the map, oriented to the south. (Unlike modern maps oriented from south to north, in the "Chorographic Book" and other works by S. U. Remezov, the orientation is maintained in the old Russian cartographic tradition - from north to south).

So, the Vasyugan swamps are depicted as a key from which 14 rivers flow: Naragan, Om, Icha, Kama, Tartas, Urman, Isova, Shin, Tun, Becha, Tuta, Demyan, Malaya Yusa and Bolshaya Yusa.

Map of the rivers flowing into the lake. Chana and R. Omg, pretty real. Oz. Chana is filled with a large number of islands, so it looks more like channels washing or cutting the coast of the land. It is connected to another lake. Chanoy. In the lake Chan rivers flowing from the "key", swamps and forests: Chulym and Karagan. Icha, Kama, Tartas flow into Om, which also originates from the "key". The Tara, which has several tributaries, flows into the Irtysh. The rest of the rivers running from the "key" are oriented by the author to the north and west. In addition, several lakes are marked on the map: Kara, Kurchak, Kycha and others.

There are several inscriptions on the map for reference. In the upper left corner is depicted the "Sloboda of Urtamsk" and rch. Urtam. Below is the inscription: "From Tara through Baraba to Tomsk by horse x. (move - OK.) 24 days, and in winter 14, and soon 12.5 days "(the numbers are given on the map using the letters of the Slavic alphabet). The dotted lines show the routes of communication along the Baraba steppe and between rivers and lakes. Roads lead from the Urtam river to the river Containers along the Om to the Irtysh The road to the Irtysh along the left bank of the Om is called the "Road of I. Uporov in Tomsk", apparently, this way from the mouth of the Om to Tomsk, a certain I. Uporov got to.

On the same path, when crossing the road going from one of the lakes of the Chan system, a place called "The Massacre of Irka Danzhin" is marked, apparently associated with military events. This place is near the confluence of Omi and Tartas.

Another road in the Chana area from the lake. Kurchak, near which yurts of Kalmyks ("kauriki") are marked, is shown under the name "Klinov's Road" through the channel (R. Chana). She skirted the lake. Chan from the west to the area of the lake. Uby, from where the roads diverged to Tomsk, to the rivers Om, Icha, Tartas, Tara. In total, the map shows eight roads connecting settlements, and the duration of the journey in days is indicated.

S. U. Remezov several times designates the places of settlement of the Baraba people, and in one place he designates the "village of Baraba". In addition to the Barabans, other residents were also called by him: Kainians, south of the lake. Chana are Kalmyks.

The nomad camps of the Kalmyks are indicated on the map by yurts, the villages and villages of the Baraba people are indicated by circles or squares. These conventional signs make it possible to distinguish stationary settlements from nomadic ones, Russian settlements from settlements of indigenous people. In total, over 80 settlements are marked on the map.

This map formed the basis of one of the sheets of the Drawing Book of Siberia, compiled by the Tobolsk boyar son Semyon Remezov in 1701, published in St. Petersburg in 1882 by the Archaeographic Commission. We meet the materials of the map described above on fl. 3: "Drawing of the land of the Tara city", since the Baraba volost was administratively part of the lands of the city of Tara and was ruled by the Tara governors. "Drawing of the land of the Tara city" in addition to the above, carries updated information, since it was compiled four years later by l. 93 "Chorographic book". It shows four rivers flowing into the lake. Chan. Here are the inscriptions: "And what rivers do Kalmyks roam and in the summer over the Karasuk river and at the beginning of the lake on the islands." "Lake Chana There are many islands on it And they go around that lake in the summer by horseback riding in 12 days." The Bagan, Chulym, Kargat, Karasuk rivers flowing into Chana are shown: "All four rivers ran into Lake Chanu, but there is no way out of the lake." Lakes are marked on the map. Sartlan, yurts near it, lakes Tandov, Uba, Kargan. Inscription: "On Lake Chana and on the islands and near Lake Chana and near lakes Sartlanu and Tandova of the villages of the Baraba and Sanskaya volosts of the yasash Tatars." Between Tara and Tartas, the villages of the Baraba Tatars are noted to the right of Tartas; The container is closer to its confluence with the Irtysh. Inscription: "In the past (1696 and 1697 - OK) years and Cossack Hordes came and fought the parish."

So, the cards of the "Chorographic" and "Drawing" books complement each other. Information on lakes and rivers is specified in the "Drawing of the lands of the Tara city", but the "Drawing" turned out to be poorer, therefore l. 93 of the "Chorographic Book" contains unique primary information on a significant part of the territory of the modern Novosibirsk region.

In the "Chorographic Book" on fl. 128 shows r. The Ob and its section, which is now part of our region. This map contains the same data as on the published map of the "Drawing of the Land of the Tomsk City" in the "Drawing Book" under No. 13. Rivers are marked on this drawing. The Ob and its tributaries. Up the left bank of the Ob from the Urtam prison and along the river. Urtam displayed r. Siman, Akbalyk channel, r. Kurbes and the rivers Nemno, Umarik, Caintus, Kona, Zhkam, Oyush, Chemoldy, Chiik, Omurtka flowing into it. R. Kurbes follows and the lake. Kyzyk, "around half a day". It also flows out of it and flows into the Ob river. Wen. On the left bank, at the confluence with the Ob Uen, there are "Chatsky yurts". Above, rch flows into the Ob. Aszhu, r. Cosma, r. Tolo (the same Tula that flows through the Kirovsky district of Novosibirsk), even higher than the river. Agunus, along which the border between Tomsk and Baraba counties passed. Then, up the Ob, the river is marked. Kulchuma, flowing from the nameless lake and flowing into the Ob. Further, quite large, like the Ob, the river is marked. Irmen, oz. Ik, the rivers Charap (Sharap), Ordo, Ileus, well known to the residents of the Novosibirsk rural and Ordynsky districts.

On the right bank of the Ob, opposite the Urtam prison, there is a "meadow of Chaganskaya", on which yurts are marked. Oz. Tagan, rch. Tichinzha, r. Ayash and the rivers Karagaly, Komrey, Valik, Sarbayan, Konyash flowing into it from the left, and up the Ob beyond Ayash the rivers Como, Tashanry, Threshold, Karatyupkuma, Kichiavarly, Kinderlo, Salagaka, Chegenek, Kabautura, Avarla, Kichiyuzryu, Yuzryuulu are shown. Adylak, then r. Niya (Inya), into which Chizhi, several Taltar rivers flow, then Toil, Yamanusty, Bugatkan (Bugotak), Azaly (Izyly), Yetykan. Here the Niya was crossed by "the road from Tomsk through the horse-drawn steppe in Kuznetsk". The tributaries of the Niya Tokma, Kosma, Urva, Bachakh, Chapkundu, Suksu, Kuidulu (near which the village of Gutova was located, one of the first Russian settlements in our region in the 17th century) are shown. Konu, Yuryum, Kona, Op. Above the Niya (Ini), an unnamed river flowed into the Ob (apparently, the current Lower Eltsovka), and then Berd - "between Teleushchoy The rivers flowed into Berd from the left: Ulu Tendaru. Orto Tendaru, Kichi Tendaru, and on the right - Sozrno, Kenderlu, Kokon, Bardan, Kinde, Sodva, Cham, Their, Yamaberd. Between Niya (hoarfrost) and Berdyu on the map there is an inscription: "Between the rivers lies the spruce Tabolgan (two days across). Sables are hunted. "This means that in the interfluve of Ini and Berdi in the meadowsweet (forest) in the 17th century sables were hunted by the local population.

Higher on the right bank, the rivers Miltoshi, Multuik, Laplakhan - "between the Teleuts" flowed into the Ob.

On the left bank along the river. Omurtka and from the lake. Kazaly, the road "Is Tomsk through Baraba to Tara" is marked. On the same map there is an inscription: "From Tomsk by the river Tom to the bottom and the river Ob up to the border of the Teleut land to the river Barda (Berdi) it takes three or four days."

Of the settlements, the Urtamsky prison, the Urtamskaya settlement (the icons are a church and five houses), the Chatsky yurts (the conventional sign is a house, not a yurt), vil. Gutova. On the left bank between the Irmen and r. Sharap "z. Teleutska".

On l. 128 "Chorographic book" we find additional information. It turns out that between the rivers Kulchuma and Irmen near the Ob, white Kalmyk Tabunovs roamed, and near the rivers that flowed into the river from the left. Irmen and along the rivers Dyuli. Aliya and Sharashi - "white Kalmyks Shadayevs". For r. Irmen from the right bank to the river. Sharap was the land "Teleutskaya". The author clearly distinguishes between white (Teleuts) and black Kalmyks (Dzhungars).

So, the first graphic image of the territory of the future Novosibirsk region was prepared in 1697–1701.

In preparing the article, materials from the publication of O. N. Kationov “Our land on the first maps of Siberia” were used // Pages of the history of our region: People, events, culture: The first regional scientific and practical conference of local historians: Abstracts of reports and messages. Ch. I. M., 1995. S. 16–20.

Collection

Part of the handwritten "Siberian general map"1765. A fragment with the territory of the south of Western Siberia. A part of the territory of the Tara district is shown along the western edge. In the lower left corner of the map, colored symbols of Siberian cities are placed in openwork oval frames.

A source:

Borodaev V. B., Kontev A. V. Historical atlas Altai Territory: cartographer. mat. according to history Top. Ob and Irtysh: (from antiquity to the beginning of the 21st century) / A. V. Kontev. - Barnaul: Azbuka, 2006. - S. 76.

"Drawn 1812". “The surveyor of the Tomsk district surveyor Ivan Tretyakov drew. The explanation was given by the Tomsk provincial land surveyor Stepan Zverev "

Mb: 70 c. in hell.; Tomsk, province. drawing room; 1812; 1 l.; drawing paper, 128x75 (126x73); pl. cr.; deg. grid through 5 gr.;

Administrative map.

Contents: Hydrography - rivers, seas, lakes. Borders - state, provincial, county, a special feature that separates the provincial and Kolyvano-Voskresensky factory departments. Population settlements - provincial and district cities, towns without districts, commissariats, volosts, monasteries, villages, fortresses, outposts, factories. Ways with. - roads - provincial and district postal. The relief is mountain ranges and ridges in swamps.

Add. information: card name in the upper right corner. In the lower right corner is the name of the draftsman.

I. Tretyakov, Ivan, Tomsk district surveyor, drafted.

II. Zverev, Stepan, Tomsk province. land surveyor, gave explanations.

Compiled by: O.N. cations.

A source:

Vasily Shishkov; M: 100 in a / d; b / m; 17 Sept. 1737; 1 l. 53x72 cm; b/w, borders of states, counties and departments in red and yellow, rivers in blue; on places of folds populated. paragraphs are hard to read.

Administrative map showing mining plants and mines.

Contents.: hydrography - rivers; borders - state with kontaishins and Chinese possessions; populated n. - cities, villages, factories, fortresses, villages; paths with – absence.

Add. St..: For the history of the Siberian tract. this is one of the early maps depicting the points along which travelers moved: employees, scientists, etc. And although the Siberian road itself does not exist, it is important for us that there are some points referred to as stanets and winter huts - they were part of the emerging high road. On the Barabinskaya steppe, the village of Tartas, the village of Kainskaya, the village of Ubinskaya, the winter quarters of Vostrovo, the winter quarters of Shelegino, the village of Chermshanka, the village of B. Oesh, the prison of Chausskaya, the village of Sokolova, and y. Orsky (left bank of the Ob), on the right bank of the Ob, the village of Poros, "the winter hut of Dubrovsk", the village of Tosherinskaya, island. Umrevinsky and further to the watershed to the river. Tomy.

In general, the map is good for illustrating the Ob-Irtysh south of Western Siberia in the 30s. 18th century

I. Shishkov, Vasily, surveyor, comp.

Compiled by: O.N.Kationov

A source:

B / a, b / d. 1l. Moscow: 1:40 versts. Whatman. 67x44(65x42). There is no map grid. Western orientation. The image is black and white. Land use map showing plots. Hydrography - lakes. US. points - villages, villages. Add. Inform.: border territories are indicated - volosts, steppes.

Compiled by: A.A. Voronina

GATO. F.234. Op.1. D.178. L.5

B / a, b / d, b / m. Whatman. 86x67(76x53). Cartographic mesh is missing. North oriented. Administrative map - volost. The image is black and white, the border lines are red. Hydrography - rivers, lake with islands. Settlements - villages, villages, border volosts are indicated.

Compiled by: A.A. Voronina

GATO. F.234. Op.1. D.178. L.4

All cabinet enterprises operating in the 19th century are marked.

A source:

Borodaev V. B., Kontev A. V. Historical atlas of the Altai Territory: cartographer. mat. according to history Top. Ob and Irtysh: (from antiquity to the beginning of the 21st century) / A. V. Kontev. - Barnaul: Azbuka, 2006. - S. 94.

A source:

/ - 4 versts in 1 English. inch. - [Russia], - 1 sheet; color; 77x136 (78x137). Graticule is missing. Orientation to the northeast. Ink, watercolor. Paper.

Showing: conventional signs: fisheries along the system of the river Kiya, Bolshaya and Malaya Talagolova, Kuydagta, Bolshoi and Maly Shaltyr, Kozhukhov, Barzaka, Kelbes. Rivers, mountains, lakes, roads, gold mines are marked with an indication of who they belong to.

Add. information:. The map is made on paper and glued to the fabric. On the reverse side of the card, the date and card number are written in black ink: “09/01/2003, Inv. 1915,. n/a 800” And a 6 cm + 7 cm sticker with a typographic font “ A-C department Russian Geographical Society according to inventory. 332. Folder 2, department 7, No. 44.

Compiled by: V.I. Bayandin.

Department of the book fund of the Irkutsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. No. 1915.

Department of the book fund of the Irkutsk Museum of Local Lore. No. 19275.

Handwritten map, original.

Card size: 94 cm (height) + 106 cm.

The map scale in one inch is 20 versts.

Compiled by an observer of church schools in the Narym Territory, a priest

N. Nikolsky.

Place where the map was created, Narym.

Map creation time 1902

The card is multicolored.

There is no degree grid, longitude is not indicated.

The map is made on tracing paper.

The card is in good condition.

The map shows: the borders of parishes, villages, churches, rivers, lakes, settlements. Many geographical names are given.

In the upper right corner of the map there is an inscription: “Vostochno-Sib. Department of Russian Geogr. Society as a gift from the Archbishop of Irkutsk and Verkhnelensky Anatoly. Aug 27 1924 t. Gerkugiev (?)”. In the lower left corner, ten parishes of the Narym Territory are named.

On the reverse side of the card there are 5 blue stamps of the Irkutsk Museum of Local Lore and the text: “19275; p / n 355. Map of the Narym Territory 19275.

The description was compiled by V.I. Bayandin.

Department of the book fund of the Irkutsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. No. 19 275

A source:

Department of the book fund of the Irkutsk Regional Museum of Local Lore.

Part of the handwritten drawing of "Stone Steppe" by S. U. Remezov. A fragment showing the Ob River and the "Great Altai Stone". South is up.

A source:

Fragment. GASO. F. 59. Op. 15. D. 9

A source:

Fragment 1. RGIA. F. 1399. Op. 1. L. 57. L. 13

Fragment with the Ob River and Demidov enterprises in Altai.

A source:

Kordt V. A. Materials on the history of Russian cartography. - Kyiv, 1906. Issue. 1. - Ser. 2

A source:

Atlas of Asiatic Russia. - St. Petersburg: publication of the Migration Department of GUZIZ, 1914.

"The general map of the Tomsk province with the indication of postal and major roads, stations and the distance between them. Compiled according to the latest and reliable information in St. Petersburg in 1825." Printed copy with signatures in Russian and French.

A source:

South is up.

A source:

Drawing Book of Siberia by S. U. Remezov [facsimile]. Verona, 2007. Vol. 1.

A source:

Today we will talk about old Russian maps. The post will be short. Simply because, in general, they simply do not exist. I have seen thousands, if not tens of thousands, of foreign maps of this period. All the more strange is the situation with our maps.
The first Russian atlas that is in the public domain is Kirilov's Atlas, created between 1724 and 1737. (Download link) The atlas is not complete, unfortunately, there are not maps of all regions and localities of our country. But this is essentially the beginning of Russian cartography, no matter how strange it sounds.
There is, indeed, the so-called Drawing Book of Siberia (1699-1701), Remezov. (Download link) And also "Chorographic Book of Siberia" (1697-1711). It’s just their dating and correspondence to reality that personally raises a lot of questions for me. For example, I cite a map of Perm the Great from the Drawing Book. All images are clickable to large sizes.

These are the cards children draw in 1st grade. North is on the right (but this is very conditional). In general, in his works, Remezov clearly did not bother with the orientation of his "maps" to the cardinal points. From map to map, they constantly jump on the sides of the sheet. Such concepts as scale, proportion are absent from the word at all. At the same time, maps are already being created in the West, which are almost approaching modern ones in terms of accuracy.
User palexy one excerpt:
I have a map by D.G. Messeshmidt of 1721 (a section of the Ob tributaries of the Tom and Ini), which almost completely copies the map Remezov. The date of Messerschmidt’s expedition is indisputable since there are heaps of documents on it, but here is an excerpt from the diary cited by Nevlyanskaya: “Captain Tabbert went today with the cornet Iorist to an artist named Remezov, in whom he saw a map of the Tomsk district painted with oil paints; he skimmed through it, but found nothing in it that was depicted correctly". (Novlyanskaya M. G. Philipp Johann Stralenberg. M.; L., 1966. P. 36.) .

Well, finally, on this map there are no cities discovered by me and. Hundreds of foreign maps have them, but Remezov does not. Peter the Great in 1708. They are mentioned in. But in fairness, I must say that it was on this map that I found the Molozhek River,.

There is such a Drawing of the Siberian land, compiled in 1667 under the guidance of the Tobolsk voivode, the stolnik Peter Ivanovich Godunov. From the service drawing book of S. U. Remezov (Manuscript Department of the State Public Library named after M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, Hermitage Collection, No. 237, l 31 in a spread).

North is down here. As for Remezov's drawing book, they certainly got excited. As I already wrote, there was no orientation to the cardinal points at all.
And another version of the same card:

There is a more (I wanted to write a perfect one, but this is not so) detailed version of this map on the net. It is also attributed to Remezov. If you look from the point of view of the absence of any scale and proportions, then yes, this is Remezov. But the clear presence of the cardinal points suggests otherwise.

Looking for materials on the city of Velikaya Perm, I came across a small fragment of a map from the server of the Ural State University , which is designated as - Map of Perm the Great. 16th century Reproduction.

Again, North is down here. And there is the city of Perm. There he is, under the word "Cheremis". Unfortunately, the whole map could not be obtained. And where they dug it up there and did not find it.
I saw a few more similar maps on the net, but they are painfully muddy and terribly primitive. That's why I didn't even save them.
And now the most interesting.

Here it is in full size:

Feel the difference? Heaven and earth with Remezov's drawings. Even the parallels are correct. Unfortunately, the resolution of the map is not very high and many small inscriptions are not visible at all. But there are some things you can find out.
Belgorod Horde on the territory of modern Odessa region of Ukraine:

Small Tartaria (exactly what Tartaria) in the Black Sea steppes.

And to the right of it, separated by a border, is a place called Yurts of the Don Cossacks. Moreover, it stretches right up to the Volga, most likely.

By the way, I will give part of one map of 1614 from my post:.

Those. a hundred years earlier, these two areas were a single state. And precisely from his "Tatar yoke".
By the way, earlier it was the Tatars who called the Cossacks. I have about this. There, at the end, it is directly written that the Little Russian Cossacks live on the lands where the Tatar Cossacks used to live. Or maybe they were their descendants. Who knows.

Actually, that's all.

And finally, the Book: Ancient Russian hydrography, : Containing a description of the Moscow state of rivers, channels, lakes, troves, and what cities and tracts are along them and at what distance. - St. Petersburg: Published by Nikolai Novikov: [Type. Acad. Sciences], 1773 . Now it is better known under the name "The Book of the Big Drawing". This is the same map of the 16th, early 17th century, only handwritten. Actually, it is possible that Remezov drew his drawings precisely from such texts.
By the way, there is an interesting passage in the preface:

That's exactly the same thing with our cards. They just didn't exist. More precisely, they probably were. But either they were destroyed, or they lie deep deep in the archives. Simply because there is a completely different history of Russia. Where were the cities rediscovered by me,. By the way, the last one, but this did not stop modern historians from stubbornly repeating that he did not exist.

Yesterday I was told that as many as 10,000 old maps are stored in the archives of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. I still don’t know exactly what kind of maps these are, ours or foreign ones and what centuries, but I really hope that there will also be Russian old maps of the 16-17th and early 18th centuries. My friends are now trying to scan it all and post it online. God bless them all. And then we will learn a little more truth about the history of that time.

Addition :

Today we will look at two Russian maps of the early 18th century from the archives of the Russian National Library. Although the word "we'll see" here is very conditional. I have a very strong desire to put all the leadership of this library against the wall and shoot them with a heavy machine gun. They are saboteurs, not scientists.

Let's see firstA map of the hemispheres of 1713, published by V.O. Kipriyanova. The map is large, but the resolution of the image is, on the contrary, small. Therefore, it is fashionable to watch only very large recordings. Click to open in larger resolution. But something can be drawn from it. Pay attention to Antarctica. She is not. I somehow specifically looked at similar atlases of Western cartographers. There is also no Antarctica until the beginning of the 19th century, when our sailors discovered it. Therefore, if you see an old map where Antarctica is present, then you should know that it was made in the second half of the 19th century. Or later.
I would like to draw attention to the high degree of skill of the then Russian cartographers. . And I repeat my thought - these are not maps, but children's drawings at the elementary school level.

And another map by the same author: The geographic globe, that is, the earth-descriptive one from "reveals four parts of the earth, Africa, Asia, America, and Europe, which is inhabited, and which embraces us from everywhere. By command in the civil printing house of the Summer of the Lord: 1707. In the reigning City of Moscow, by the care of Vasily Kiprianov. Under the supervision of His Excellency Mr. General Lieutenant Jacob Villimovich Bruce.
Its here at this link more or less to consider. But after that, I want to strangle the local programmers with my bare hands, for a long time. You can't steal the whole map from there, so I took a few screenshots from there. And on them, ours is waiting for several interesting discoveries. Namely, the word - "Sarmat" right under the letter M of the word Moscow. And above is visibleOcean Sarmatian.

Here is another excerpt. The Scythian was also added to the Sarmatian Ocean. To the right of the name "M. Moskovsky". I didn’t understand what it means. The word TARTARIA is written in capital letters. Through the "r". Just above the beginning of this word, the names - Scythia are visible. But above the letter "I" in the word "Siberia" the river "Tatar" is visible. Above the word "MOSCOW" it also seems to be written - Sarmatia. Again, why is Russia or Russia not written? But what the word "Asinsky" means is not clear.

Oh, it was not in vain that Lomonosov wrote in his book:. Brief Russian chronicler with a genealogy, St. Petersburg: At Imp. Acad. Sciences, 1760.

And finally, Description of Europe. The truth is very hard to see. Gaul is written instead of France. There is also some kind of Dacia. Poland is written without a soft sign. At the very end, it seems to be written Yelladu. For information . But Russia is here. And she, as I understand it, is in European Moscow and Tartaria as well as Turks. Or are they separate states on the territory of the continent?

There is a very interesting line in the description:
Drawings: above the hemispheres the coat of arms of the Russian Empire against the background of an ermine mantle supported by archangels with swords in their hands; in the frame of the mantle of the figure of Mars, Apollo, banners and other military paraphernalia;
And here they are. And this is far from an isolated case. by name . And it all fits very well in my , which we simply called the Golden Woman.

If someone can pull out the whole map from here in more or less good resolution, I will be very grateful.

Addendum: The world is not without kind people and thanks to the respected prostoyoleg we can see the entire map. True, in the same not very high resolution.

Addition.

And these are separate files.

Midnight ocean is cool.

Is it strange, the Adriatic Sea or the Western Ocean?

And here is the Devkali Ocean. In general, earlier, as it seems to me, slightly different types of water areas were called the sea and the ocean.

Addition .

Russian National Library, St. Petersburg, is slowly digitizing its funds. And even puts them on public display.
Pikart P. of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania drawing / By decree of his most powerful royal majesty, Peter Pikart grumbled in Moscow; [Cartouche grav. A. Shkhonebek]. - Moscow: Armory, . But the map itself was definitely drawn much earlier. Kyiv is still part of Lithuania on it, while according to official history it became part of the Muscovite state in 1667. Moreover, I have a strong feeling that in Moscow it was only engraved and created in that very Principality of Lithuania, in the middle of the 17th century.

Click to open in high resolution.

There are a lot of unknown toponyms. Crimea is written here as Tartaria. As well as on the Russian map of the late 17th century from my main post. And only in the 18th century they began to call Tartaria Tataria. Pay attention to Crimea, In addition to Kafa and Perekop, not a single familiar name. the sea is formerly called East Lake.

Pay attention to how Koenigsberg is called on this map. I climbed into Wiki and found an amazing text there:
Under the name Korolevets (Korolevets) or Korolevets, the castle and the area around it have been mentioned for a long time, starting from the 13th century, in various Russian sources: chronicles, books, atlases. In Russia, this name was widely used before Peter I and, occasionally, in more late period until the beginning of the 20th century, including fiction, for example, in the texts of M. Saltykov-Shchedrin. However, after Peter I and before the renaming in 1946, Russians more often used the German version.
Heh, I didn’t say in vain in my investigation that the Slavs lived there.

In general, if you take a look and compare the map with the official history, then the list of inconsistencies will be more than a dozen pages long. Well, this is a banal matter for our history.

Addition :

There was such a city as Byzantium. Here is his plan

The plan of Constantinople or Tsar Grad, formerly known as Byzantium of old, Vigos was conquered by Mohammed the second of the year of the Lord, 1453, the month of May on the 29th day] / [Drawn by Prince Dimitry Kantemir]; Grydor. Alexy Zubov in San[kt] P[eter]burg. - St. Petersburg: [Petersburg Printing House], .

IN . The French were not too lazy and sorted them all out. The main thing here is that until now some of the earliest maps of areas were considered Kirilov's maps, 1722-1731 . By the way, they are also part of it. eat. And here is a completely new, still generally unseen, cartographic material. And there I found the city of Staraya Rezan.

North is on the left. This, by the way, is one of the signs, as I understand it, of maps of the 17th century. Already at 18, it became a rule to orient maps of specific areas to the north. And before that, cartographers drew them, as it suits them best. The most obvious example is Remizov's maps. There, the north "walks" in a circle just randomly. You will break your brains until you understand what and how is drawn on a particular map. In general, Russian maps of the 17th century, for the most part, are oriented to the south. Like a map of Siberia and the Far East by the same Remezov. At least he is credited with this card.
As for Europe, I will give an example from my old posts - . The north is also not static there. years, everything settled down and took on a modern framework.
I have a very reasonable suspicion that all the maps that we now know were made no earlier than the end of the 17th century. True, according to the old originals, which by that time had simply dilapidated and fell into disrepair. Well, some, of course, were simply faked in the 18th century. 19 centuries. This is evident from correct proportions and the contours of the area. If you look at Russian maps, pay attention to two things. The Caspian should be round and not elongated. And near the Crimea, the Kerch region should be, as it were, chopped off and not stretched to the left, as it is now.

So we see the cities of Kolomna and Kashira. Further along the Oka, the city of Pereslavl-RIzan. And behind him is the Old Rezan. Please note that the old name is the letter "e". Somewhere before the beginning of the 18th century, we almost did not have the letter "I". Therefore, there was, among other things, Eroslavl.
The city of Staraya Rezan has a complicated history. First, it was destroyed at the end of the 16th century by the Tatars, then it existed, along with the new Rezan, as a small village. But already at the beginning of the 18th century it grew to a city. until the middle of the 18th century and then disappeared again. The authorities announced that it was destroyed by Batu in the 13th century. In this format of the settlement, it still exists as an archaeological monument. But there you can still see pieces of temples of the 18th century.
And in 1781, Catherine the Second, renamed Pereslav-Ryazan into simply Ryazan, which still exists. Thanks to her for this. Otherwise, the toponym could go down in history almost without a trace, like the city of Bulgar and Bulgaria. And then Batu, he is like Shurik, everything can be attributed to him.

MAP OF "NORTHERN - POLAR EARTH" (1595)

Map from the atlas of Gerardus Mercator.
Scandalous, world-famous map. Well, why, why did Mercator depict this polar land everywhere on his maps? So much noise was raised about this, but the compiler of the atlas himself wrote that he was printing these maps from even more ancient maps. Everyone considered this a fiction, since the laurels of pioneers and pioneer printers would have to be taken away from some personalities. So, moreover, history would have to be revised, and this, oh, how not profitable.

MOSCOW AND EUROPE (17??)

Map from the old British Atlas. Edition around the end of the 18th century. The map clearly shows what the state of Muscovy is, and how many of them existed.

MAP "TARTARY" (1626)

Source unknown.
This map tells what the country of Tartaria is, where it was located and, most importantly, what the Siberians looked like. Well, for some reason they are completely unlike either the Mongols or the Tatars.

MAP "TARTARY" (1732)

And here we see even more amazing things.
It turns out that "Muscovy" with the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg have nothing to do with other "Tartaria", including Moscow Tartaria, which is spread over the whole of Siberia and the Far East.
China is indicated on the map in two copies: the huge Chinese Tartaria and the small China in the south. Considering that the Tartars are Caucasoids, then you wonder how much the modern Chinese have chopped off our territories, and in fact they will also bury themselves in Siberia.

MAP OF "ASIA" (1632)

On this map, the name Tartaria does not appear throughout Asia, but in the region of modern Kazakhstan, according to the map, there are Cossacks of Tartars. Remarkably, their appearance - Cossacks, can also be seen on the map, and as you can see, they are more like Europeans than Kazakh-Kyrgyz-Yakuts.

MAP "ASIA" (15??)

One of the maps published by the son of George Mercator.
A memory card from 12,000 years ago. The map shows the sunken polar continent Daaria-Hyperborea-Ariana, etc. The Siberian rivers have slightly different outlines, for example, the Ob and Yenisei are connected by a large body of water. This is not a mistake, it's just that the place of the lake is now a swamp. On four-hundred-year-old maps, there can be not only distortions, but also real, different outlines of our planet.

MAP OF TARTARY 1706

There were many disputes in the ancient city of Tomsk about its former name "Grustina". But this map puts an end to this issue, as it clearly shows that the city of Grustina stands on the site of modern Biysk, and Tomsk, as expected, is in its place.