Functionally, perforators are single-, two- and three-mode. Single-mode tools have a single action - rotation with impact. Dual-mode can have two combinations of actions: rotation without impact and rotation with impact or impacts without rotation (hollowing) and rotation with impact. The three-mode rotary hammer has all possible types actions - rotation without impact, rotation with impact and chiselling.
The switch of operating modes of the puncher (Bosch). Between the mode "Drilling with impacts" and "Impacts without drilling" there is a position for changing the position of the chisel (Vario-Lock).
Technical characteristics of perforators
The main technical characteristics of perforators include the following parameters: engine power, single impact energy, "drilling" diameter, chuck rotation speed, impact frequency, weight.Engine power electropneumatic rotary hammers ranges from 250 to 1500 watts. The most popular are rotary hammers with a power of 500-800 watts. They are widely used in everyday life as a universal tool for drilling and chiselling.
impact energy is the most important characteristic of perforators. If we talk about electro-pneumatic types of tools, then it is equal to the energy that a ram has (see the figure below), hitting the striker. Its value can be determined by the well-known formula mv 2 /2, where m is the mass of the ram; v - its speed at the moment of contact with the end face of the striker. Impact energy is spent on the destruction of the material and heating of the parts of the impact mechanism. Part of it returns to the ram, informing the last movement of the rebound from the striker. Electro-pneumatic hammers have an impact energy of 1.5 to 20 J, light cordless models can have less than 1 J.
Perforator impact mechanism device: 1 - drunken bearing, 2 - piston, 3 - ram, 4 - drummer (striker), 5 - engine gear.
"drilling" diameter- a characteristic no less important than the impact energy. In the end, what matters is not what energy the punch has, but what diameter the hole is and how fast it can be obtained with it. The diameter of the "drilling" of a particular model of the perforator has different meanings- depending on the processed material and a type of the used nozzle.
Usually in specifications ah perforators indicate the diameter of the "drilling" for concrete and steel, sometimes - for wood. The diameter of "drilling" in concrete is usually 1.7-2 times greater than the diameter of drilling in metal. It also depends on the type of nozzle used - a solid drill or a hollow crown. The diameter of the hole obtained by crowns is approximately three times the size of the hole obtained by the drill.
If we take the entire range of existing models of perforators, then with their help in concrete walls it is possible to drill holes with a diameter of 4 to 150-160 mm. The last value is for the crown. For the most popular 600-800 W rotary hammers, the diameter of "drilling" in steel is usually 13 mm, in concrete - 22-26 mm for a drill and 60-65 mm for a crown.
Chuck rotation speed for all perforators it is relatively small, it exceeds 1000 rpm only for light models, decreasing to several hundred for medium ones and reaching 100-300 for heavy ones. The range of speed control for many models is unlimited - from zero to maximum values.
Number of strokes per minute also depends on the class of puncher. For light models, it can reach 4000-5000 beats / min at a nominal speed, for heavy ones 1000-2000 beats / min.
Weight perforators depends on their power and ranges from 2 to 12 kg.
Classification
Perforators are classified according to different parameters - the type of drive, power and weight, purpose, type of cartridge.Drive type perforators are divided into electric (battery or network), gasoline and pneumatic. The most common rotary hammers are electrically driven. Battery models are mobile tool and are used where there is no electricity. In explosive environments, pneumatic perforators are used. For road repair work, petrol models of the tool are indispensable. The last two are classic jackhammers, and this article is absolutely not about them.
By destination perforators are divided into household (amateur) and professional. The household ones are, as a rule, light hammer drills. Medium and heavy are professional tools.
Sometimes perforators are classified by cartridge type, which determines the diameter of the shank of the tool being used. Currently, SDS standard cartridges are mainly used - sizes SDS-plus and SDS-max (see below for cartridges). The type of cartridge indirectly characterizes the power and weight of the tool. So if it says that the puncher is equipped with an SDS-max cartridge, this means that we are talking about a heavy and powerful professional tool.
The main classification is still recognized by weight and power, depending on which the following classes of perforators are distinguished:
- Light class, which includes perforators weighing up to 4 kg, with a power of 400-700 W and with an impact energy of 1.5-3 J. About 80% of all perforators belong to the light class. They are widely used in everyday life and are often universal - they have three modes of operation.
- Middle class includes perforators weighing 5-8 kg, with a power of 800-1200 W and with an impact energy of up to 8 J. Tools of this class most often have two modes of operation - impact with rotation and impact without rotation. This tool is mainly used for professional work.
- heavy class perforators are characterized by a weight of more than 8 kg, a power of 1200-1500 W and an impact energy of up to 20 J. Heavy-duty tools have two modes of operation - impact without rotation and impact with rotation and are used exclusively for professional work.
ammo
The specifics of the work of the perforator - applying strong and fast blows to the nozzle - necessitated the development of a special cartridge that would provide quick replacement of various nozzles and allow the cartridge itself to be excluded from the shock chain. Such a device was developed by Bosch in 1975-1977. It has two features. The first and main thing is that the tool fixed in the chuck has a certain degree of freedom in the axial direction relative to the latter. This allows you to hit the nozzle (drill, crown, chisel) without simultaneously exposing the cartridge itself and the entire puncher as a whole (how it works, see the article Puncher device). The second feature is the ability to quickly change the tool - with just two movements. The cartridge was given the abbreviation SDS (Steck - Dreh - Sitzt), which on German means - insert, turn, ready! In total, three standard sizes of SDS cartridges have been developed - SDS-plus, SDS-top and SDS-max.
Chuck SDS-plus serves for fastening tools with a shank having a diameter of 10 mm. On the cylindrical surface of the shank, 4 grooves are made - two facing the end (open), two - not exiting (closed). The open grooves are guides for inserting the tool, the closed grooves serve to lock it with the help of the locking balls of the chuck. The fixed shank can be freely displaced by some amount in the axial direction. To make axial movement easy, the shank is lubricated with a small amount of grease. The SDS-plus chuck is used in light and, in part, medium-sized rotary hammers for holding tools with a working diameter (drilling diameter) up to 26 mm.
Shank for SDS-plus chuck: 1 - rod with a diameter of 10 mm, 2 - closed groove, 3 - shank is inserted into the chuck by about 40 mm, 4 - open groove, 5 - guide, 6 - locking ball, 7 - shank.
Chuck SDS-max Designed for 18mm shank. It has 3 open and 2 closed slots. Tools with such a shank are designed for drilling holes over 20 mm. They are equipped with punchers of medium and heavy class.
Shank for SDS-max chuck: 1 - rod with a diameter of 18 mm, 2 - closed groove, 3 - shank is inserted into the cartridge by about 90 mm, 4 - open groove, 5 - guide, 6 - stopper, 7 - shank.
Intermediate chuck SDS-top for 14 mm shanks is less common. It was designed to prevent 16-25 mm working diameter bits with an SDS-plus shank from failing because the latter sometimes failed and broke. However, the SDS-top cartridge was not widely used.
Shank for SDS-top chuck: 1 - rod with a diameter of 14 mm, 2 - closed groove, 3 - shank is inserted into the chuck by about 70 mm, 4 - open groove, 5 - guide, 6 - stop ball, 7 - shank.
Since many models of rotary hammers have the function of drilling without impact, it is possible to install a conventional chuck for drills with a cylindrical shank on them. It is implemented in two ways. In the first case, a special adapter is used, which has an SDS-plus shank on one side, and a threaded part on the other, onto which a three-jaw chuck is screwed and clamped with a screw - a gear-rim chuck (ZVP) or quick-clamping (BZP).
The shank of the SDS-plus adapter is inserted into the puncher chuck and a design is obtained from two series-connected chucks - SDS and a three-jaw chuck. The disadvantage of this option is the lack of sufficient rigidity of the drill and its runout during rotation.
The second method is free from these shortcomings. It involves equipping the puncher with a quick change cartridge system, which allows you to quickly, literally in one motion, replace the SDS-plus chuck with a cam adapted for installation on a puncher.
Drills are used to drill holes round shape. Their main features are one plate or several teeth of carbide material at the end of the drill and the spiral shape of its rod, which makes it possible to remove chips and dust from the holes when drilling.
Crowns that carry out not continuous, but circular cutting of the material, make holes of large diameters. The material inside the crown remains intact and is removed as a core. Cutting is carried out with carbide teeth mounted on the working edge of the tool. Crowns should not drill holes in reinforced concrete, since the teeth can break off when they collide with metal.
Chisels, pikes, strobes are designed mainly for chasing stone surfaces. The former are also convenient for separating ceramic tiles from concrete bases and splitting stone materials. They are made of tool steel or hard alloys.
How to work as a perforator
The operating instructions supplied with the tool detail how to operate the hammer drill. Depending on the model, the operating procedure may have some peculiarities. However, it basically remains the same for all models and in general view as follows.- Before installing the tool (drill, chisels, etc.), the perforator is disconnected from the mains.
- The bit shank is lubricated with a small amount of grease.
- The nozzle is inserted into the cartridge. This action may vary slightly depending on different models. Some require retraction of the chuck stop sleeve. In others, the bit is simply inserted into the hole in the chuck and rotated until it clicks (with the locking balls set into the closed grooves of the shank). When removing the tool, pull the chuck sleeve back.
- If a drill is used to drill holes, the drilling depth limiter is set to the desired hole depth.
- If the speed of rotation is not controlled by the trigger, then the desired speed of rotation of the drill is set using the speed controller. It is recommended to start with the highest values, as they are the ones that provide the best tool performance.
- The punch is connected to the network, and the trigger is pulled. In this case, the punch chuck should begin to rotate without impact.
- The nozzle is set to the desired position in relation to the material being processed, and not too much pressure is applied to the tool. As a result, the drill or chisel begins to bite into the material.
Hammer maintenance
The hammer drill must be kept clean and dry. After work, it is necessary to clean and blow it from dust, wipe the body with a clean damp cloth. The purge is carried out by the fan of the idling engine. The maintenance of the hammer drill also includes the replacement of brushes and the lubrication of the gearbox within the time specified in the operating instructions.When using the content of this site, you need to put active links to this site, visible to users and search robots.
- Purpose and functions
- Technical characteristics of perforators
- Classification
- ammo
- How to work as a perforator
- Hammer maintenance
For professional builders and those who like to build and repair with their own hands, a hammer drill is an indispensable tool that allows you to quickly and efficiently perform many works with stone, concrete or brick.
Purpose and functions
The name of the instrument comes from the Latin word "perforo", which means "to punch". The principle of operation of the perforator is to apply strong and fast blows to a rotating or stationary nozzle. The tool is mainly intended for drilling holes in concrete, reinforced concrete and brick structures during construction or repair work. In addition, some models of rotary hammers can be used as a conventional drill for drilling in metal, wood and plastic, or as a small jackhammer for chasing stone surfaces, cutting niches, chipping ceramic tiles, etc.
Functionally, perforators are single-, two- and three-mode. Single-mode tools have a single action - rotation with impact. Dual-mode can have two combinations of actions: rotation without impact and rotation with impact or impacts without rotation (hollowing) and rotation with impact. The three-mode rotary hammer has all possible types of action - rotation without impact, rotation with impact and chiselling.
The switch of operating modes of the puncher (Bosch). Between the mode "Drilling with impacts" and "Impacts without drilling" there is a position for changing the position of the chisel (Vario-Lock).
Technical characteristics of perforators
The main technical characteristics of perforators include the following parameters: engine power, single impact energy, "drilling" diameter, chuck rotation speed, impact frequency, weight.
Engine power electropneumatic rotary hammers ranges from 250 to 1500 watts. The most popular are rotary hammers with a power of 500-800 watts. They are widely used in everyday life as a universal tool for drilling and chiselling.
impact energy is the most important characteristic of perforators. If we talk about electro-pneumatic types of tools, then it is equal to the energy that a ram has (see the figure below), hitting the striker. Its value can be determined by the well-known formula mv 2 /2, where m is the mass of the ram; v - its speed at the moment of contact with the end face of the striker. Impact energy is spent on the destruction of the material and heating of the parts of the impact mechanism. Part of it returns to the ram, informing the last movement of the rebound from the striker. Electro-pneumatic hammers have an impact energy of 1.5 to 20 J, light cordless models can have less than 1 J.
Perforator impact mechanism device: 1 - drunken bearing, 2 - piston, 3 - ram, 4 - drummer (striker), 5 - engine gear.
"drilling" diameter- a characteristic no less important than the impact energy. In the end, what matters is not what energy the punch has, but what diameter the hole is and how fast it can be obtained with it. The "drilling" diameter of a particular model of a rotary hammer has different values - depending on the material being processed and the type of nozzle used.
Usually, the technical characteristics of perforators indicate the diameter of the "drilling" for concrete and steel, sometimes for wood. The diameter of "drilling" in concrete is usually 1.7-2 times greater than the diameter of drilling in metal. It also depends on the type of nozzle used - a solid drill or a hollow crown. The diameter of the hole obtained by crowns is approximately three times the size of the hole obtained by the drill.
If we take the entire range of existing models of perforators, then with their help in concrete walls it is possible to drill holes with a diameter of 4 to 150-160 mm. The last value is for the crown. For the most popular 600-800 W rotary hammers, the diameter of "drilling" in steel is usually 13 mm, in concrete - 22-26 mm for a drill and 60-65 mm for a crown.
Chuck rotation speed for all perforators it is relatively small, it exceeds 1000 rpm only for light models, decreasing to several hundred for medium ones and reaching 100-300 for heavy ones. The range of speed control for many models is unlimited - from zero to maximum values.
Number of strokes per minute also depends on the class of puncher. For light models, it can reach 4000-5000 beats / min at a nominal speed, for heavy ones 1000-2000 beats / min.
Weight perforators depends on their power and ranges from 2 to 12 kg.
Classification
Perforators are classified according to different parameters - the type of drive, power and weight, purpose, type of cartridge.
Drive type perforators are divided into electric (battery or network), gasoline and pneumatic. The most common rotary hammers are electrically driven. Cordless models are mobile tools and are used where there is no electricity. In explosive environments, pneumatic perforators are used. For road repair work, petrol models of the tool are indispensable. The last two are classic jackhammers, and this article is absolutely not about them.
By destination perforators are divided into household (amateur) and professional. The household ones are, as a rule, light hammer drills. Medium and heavy are professional tools.
Sometimes perforators are classified by cartridge type, which determines the diameter of the shank of the tool being used. Currently, SDS standard cartridges are mainly used - sizes SDS-plus and SDS-max (see below for cartridges). The type of cartridge indirectly characterizes the power and weight of the tool. So if it says that the puncher is equipped with an SDS-max cartridge, this means that we are talking about a heavy and powerful professional tool.
The main classification is still recognized by weight and power, depending on which the following classes of perforators are distinguished:
- Light class, which includes perforators weighing up to 4 kg, with a power of 400-700 W and with an impact energy of 1.5-3 J. About 80% of all perforators belong to the light class. They are widely used in everyday life and are often universal - they have three modes of operation.
- Middle class includes perforators weighing 5-8 kg, with a power of 800-1200 W and with an impact energy of up to 8 J. Tools of this class most often have two modes of operation - impact with rotation and impact without rotation. This tool is mainly used for professional work.
- heavy class perforators are characterized by a weight of more than 8 kg, a power of 1200-1500 W and an impact energy of up to 20 J. Heavy-duty tools have two modes of operation - impact without rotation and impact with rotation and are used exclusively for professional work.
ammo
The specifics of the work of the perforator - applying strong and fast blows to the nozzle - necessitated the development of a special cartridge that would provide quick replacement of various nozzles and allow the cartridge itself to be excluded from the shock chain. Such a device was developed by Bosch in 1975-1977. It has two features. The first and main thing is that the tool fixed in the chuck has a certain degree of freedom in the axial direction relative to the latter. This allows you to hit the nozzle (drill, crown, chisel) without simultaneously exposing the cartridge itself and the entire punch as a whole (how it works, see the article Perforator device ). The second feature is the ability to quickly change the tool - with just two movements. The cartridge was given the abbreviation SDS (Steck - Dreh - Sitzt), which in German means - insert, turn, ready! In total, three standard sizes of SDS cartridges have been developed - SDS-plus, SDS-top and SDS-max.
Chuck SDS-plus serves for fastening tools with a shank having a diameter of 10 mm. On the cylindrical surface of the shank, 4 grooves are made - two facing the end (open), two - not exiting (closed). The open grooves are guides for inserting the tool, the closed grooves serve to lock it with the help of the locking balls of the chuck. The fixed shank can be freely displaced by some amount in the axial direction. To make axial movement easy, the shank is lubricated with a small amount of grease. The SDS-plus chuck is used in light and, in part, medium-sized rotary hammers for holding tools with a working diameter (drilling diameter) up to 26 mm.
Shank for SDS-plus chuck: 1 - rod with a diameter of 10 mm, 2 - closed groove, 3 - shank is inserted into the chuck by about 40 mm, 4 - open groove, 5 - guide, 6 - locking ball, 7 - shank.
Chuck SDS-max Designed for 18mm shank. It has 3 open and 2 closed slots. Tools with such a shank are designed for drilling holes over 20 mm. They are equipped with punchers of medium and heavy class.
Shank for SDS-max chuck: 1 - rod with a diameter of 18 mm, 2 - closed groove, 3 - shank is inserted into the cartridge by about 90 mm, 4 - open groove, 5 - guide, 6 - stopper, 7 - shank.
Intermediate chuck SDS-top for 14 mm shanks is less common. It was designed to prevent 16-25 mm working diameter bits with an SDS-plus shank from failing because the latter sometimes failed and broke. However, the SDS-top cartridge was not widely used.
Shank for SDS-top chuck: 1 - rod with a diameter of 14 mm, 2 - closed groove, 3 - shank is inserted into the chuck by about 70 mm, 4 - open groove, 5 - guide, 6 - stop ball, 7 - shank.
Since many models of rotary hammers have the function of drilling without impact, it is possible to install a conventional chuck for drills with a cylindrical shank on them. It is implemented in two ways. In the first case, a special adapter is used, which has an SDS-plus shank on one side, and a threaded part on the other, onto which a three-jaw chuck is screwed and clamped with a screw - a gear-rim chuck (ZVP) or quick-clamping (BZP).
The shank of the SDS-plus adapter is inserted into the puncher chuck and a design is obtained from two series-connected chucks - SDS and a three-jaw chuck. The disadvantage of this option is the lack of sufficient rigidity of the drill and its runout during rotation.
The second method is free from these shortcomings. It involves equipping the puncher with a quick change cartridge system, which allows you to quickly, literally in one motion, replace the SDS-plus chuck with a cam adapted for installation on a puncher.
There are a large number of various nozzles for rotary hammers, designed to perform a variety of jobs. The main ones include drills, crowns, chisels and strobers. All hammer bits have SDS-plus or SDS-Max shanks.
Drills are used for drilling round holes. Their main features are one plate or several teeth of carbide material at the end of the drill and the spiral shape of its rod, which makes it possible to remove chips and dust from the holes when drilling.
Crowns that carry out not continuous, but circular cutting of the material, make holes of large diameters. The material inside the crown remains intact and is removed as a core. Cutting is carried out with carbide teeth mounted on the working edge of the tool. Holes should not be drilled in reinforced concrete with crowns, as the teeth may break off when they collide with metal.
Chisels, pikes, strobes are designed mainly for chasing stone surfaces. The former are also convenient for separating ceramic tiles from concrete bases and splitting stone materials. They are made of tool steel or hard alloys.
How to work as a perforator
The operating instructions supplied with the tool detail how to operate the hammer drill. Depending on the model, the operating procedure may have some peculiarities. However, basically it remains the same for all models and in general it looks like this.
- Before installing the tool (drill, chisels, etc.), the perforator is disconnected from the mains.
- The bit shank is lubricated with a small amount of grease.
- The nozzle is inserted into the cartridge. This action may vary slightly between models. Some require retraction of the chuck stop sleeve. In others, the bit is simply inserted into the hole in the chuck and rotated until it clicks (with the locking balls set into the closed grooves of the shank). When removing the tool, pull the chuck sleeve back.
- If a drill is used to drill holes, the drilling depth limiter is set to the desired hole depth.
- If the speed of rotation is not controlled by the trigger, then the desired speed of rotation of the drill is set using the speed controller. It is recommended to start with the highest values, as they are the ones that provide the best tool performance.
- The punch is connected to the network, and the trigger is pulled. In this case, the punch chuck should begin to rotate without impact.
- The nozzle is set to the desired position in relation to the material being processed, and not too much pressure is applied to the tool. As a result, the drill or chisel begins to bite into the material.
Hammer maintenance
The hammer drill must be kept clean and dry. After work, it is necessary to clean and blow it from dust, wipe the body with a clean damp cloth. The purge is carried out by the fan of the idling engine. The maintenance of the hammer drill also includes the replacement of brushes and the lubrication of the gearbox within the time specified in the operating instructions.
The drill belongs to the category of the most common universal construction tools. There is another device - a perforator. How is this device different from a drill? It is indispensable in the construction and decoration of premises. And although the design of the devices is somewhat similar, the principles of their functioning are completely different.
To work at a high level of productivity and convenience, you should clearly understand the differences between the tools.
This article will look at what is the difference between a hammer drill and a drill. Each device will be described separately.
How does an electric drill work?
An electric drill is often used for repair work. To understand the specifics of this device, you should abstract from the theoretical part and understand how it works in practice.
What is the difference between a drill and a hammer drill? Consider the main parts of the device and their purpose in the drilling process.
- Cartridge. Holds drill bits firmly for grinding or driving screws.
- Reducer. Reduces the speed level of the armature of the electric motor. Their number is tens of thousands per minute. The gearbox is the transmitter of energy from the chuck to the drill. The same gearbox in other models of drills performs an impact function. It was called the "ratchet" mechanism.
- electric motor takes electricity from the grid and converts it into rotational energy.
- Power button needed to close and open the power supply circuit of the electric motor. The wheel on the button controls the number of engine revolutions. In different models of electric drills, it is located in different places.
- Button to switch from normal mode to shock mode.
- Device body.
- Rings of induction or chokes. They are mounted to smooth the frequency of the current.
- Capacitor serves as a protector against interference in the electrical circuit, eliminates heat and sparks during the start of the motor on the brushes.
- Network cable.
Scope of the drill
Any person who does not even understand the intricacies of repair work knows that the function of a drill is to drill holes of different diameters in almost any type of material. If the tool has an impact mechanism, then it is able to break through concrete walls. But the scope of the device is not limited to this.
A household drill is equipped with different ones, depending on what type of material you have to work with. Drills differ in appearance.
Purpose of drills
- Special drills are used to drill a wooden surface, but in most cases they use conventional models designed for metal. In some cases, pen devices are used.
- If you have to make holes in metal, you will need drills with a high level of strength, which have a special design.
- When working with a tile or glass surface, you should be extremely careful. Instead of a smooth hole, a chip can easily turn out. To solve this problem, another type of drill was invented - with the shape of a spear. It is designed for ceramics and glass.
- To drill holes of large diameter, drills such as crowns are required.
- The impact drill works on the principle of a hammer drill. She can handle concrete and brick surfaces, although she will never reach the performance level of a perforator anyway. The tool is designed for work of medium complexity. For these purposes, use
- In order to grind the surface with a drill, a special nozzle in the shape of a circle is used.
- To clean the metal surface, a brush is put on the drill steel wire. If the wire is twisted, then the processing will be rough. For finer stripping, corrugated wire is required.
- To mix the mass, the drill is easily converted into a mixer. A special nozzle is also provided for this purpose.
How is a perforator?
What is the design of such a tool as a perforator? How is this device different from a drill? The electrical circuit of the instruments is identical. The main difference in the design of the perforator lies in its impact mechanism. Let's look at this detail in more detail.
It should be noted that there are two types of impact mechanisms: electromagnetic and electro-pneumatic. The first type is not used often, as it has a high level of sensitivity to dust (the unit deteriorates quickly).
In turn, both species may have different structures.
There are designs based on:
- "drunk bearing";
- crank mechanism.
The first mechanism has a smaller impact amplitude and is used in puncher models for light work. The second is designed for units of medium and heavy performance levels.
The latter type, as a rule, is intended for three types of work:
- drilling;
- impact drilling;
- hit.
The principle of operation of the perforator
The differences between a hammer drill and a drill are as follows:
- The electrical energy converted by the engine into rotational energy, passing through the gearbox, is transmitted to the "drunk" bearing or to the crank mechanism. They, in turn, contribute to the movement of the piston. The piston, located in a hermetically sealed tube, from the air flow and direct impact energy sets the ram in motion. A moving ram transfers the energy of the blow to the block. This is how the nozzle hits the surface being processed.
- The puncher differs from the drill in the presence of a special protective sleeve. It is mounted in the instrument based on its design features, consisting in the inability to rotate the drill in the chuck when jammed. The clutch can dampen the rotation. This provides protection for the master and prevents the instrument itself from malfunctioning.
- Also inside the punch there is an anti-vibration system and some specific details.
The purpose of the punch
The main purpose of the perforator is to break various materials. The tool, as a rule, is used by experienced specialists who have been working in the construction industry for more than one year.
The main functions of the puncher:
- drill holes in concrete, brick;
- remove plaster;
- knock down tiles;
- break bricks;
- carry out the chasing of concrete walls.
This tool is essential when building a house and carrying out repairs. It is very easy to use, works quickly and does not have a kickback.
Perforator nozzles
The main tool attachments are:
- chisel;
- core drill;
- peak.
The chisel is placed on the punch during dismantling. The pike is used when chasing walls before laying wires or to make a hole in the wall. Core drill can do through hole large diameter.
The equipment has a tail section of two types:
- SD Plus;
- SD Max.
SDS Plus device
It contains four oval grooves for fastening. Two of them are located at the end and are open, and two are hidden.
When tail devices are inserted into the cartridge, it moves straight along the open slots as if on guides. Special locking balls act as its retainers in closed-type holes.
SDS Max Device
Contains five notches for fastening. There are three open-type grooves, which ensures a strong fixation of the drill. As a rule, such a system is used in professional-level devices.
The difference between a hammer drill and a drill from the point of view of the master
This article looked at the difference between tools such as a drill and a hammer drill. How does a percussion tool differ from a drill from a user's point of view?
First of all, there is a difference in the main indicators. For an electric drill, this is the amount of rotation or torsion. And in a perforator, power is revealed in the energy of impact. It is measured in joules. The rotation level of a rotary hammer is much lower than that of a drill with the same engine power. Therefore, it is wrong to ask which of the devices is preferable, a drill or a hammer drill. They are fundamentally different instruments.
The difference between the two units also lies in the accuracy of material processing. If you understand the puncher, then its abbreviation is SDS +. The use of this cartridge model caused the perforator to cease to be universal. Why did it happen? If we consider its drill, then it consists of a pair of straight and a pair of oval grooves. The first pair acts as rigid guides. Oval-shaped grooves fix the drill with a ball. But they are not so rigid, and a certain slip is inherent in them. Due to this, the drill tip has an orbit of rotation. The longer the drill, the larger the orbit. With this configuration, drilling accuracy is out of the question. Therefore, the hammer drill is not intended for drilling wood or metal. For a while, he will cope with this task, but you should not use the tool for such a purpose for a long time. The accuracy of the resulting holes is unlikely to meet your expectations.
There is a HR2450FT configuration that allows you to change the hammer chuck to a more suitable model, like a drill. The hole will turn out to be of better quality, but wear of the main parts of the tool cannot be avoided.
The main working mode of the drill is carpentry and characterized by a high level of accuracy, in use with materials such as wood, tiles, etc.
What is the difference between a perforator and a unit designed to work with concrete and brick surfaces. Naturally, the duration and quality of work with various materials will differ significantly. The hammer function of the drill is auxiliary and is designed for one-time use, while for a hammer drill, drilling is considered one-time use. If you do not follow the rules of use, then both tools will quickly fail.
Prolonged use of a perforator as a jackhammer has a detrimental effect on the device, as does the impact mode of an electric drill. This is due to the large load on the shaft, the design of which is not designed for this function.
Outcome
The article examined a drill and a puncher. How a percussion instrument differs from a drill is understandable. If you intend to do home redecoration with a single drilling of concrete or brick, then it is better to purchase a drill. If you are planning overhaul, in which you need to frequently knock out holes for the same electrical outlets, then you can’t do without a puncher. V ideal the master should have both tools in his arsenal.
Everyone who has been involved apartment renovation, at least once in my life I thought about the issue of acquiring such a tool as a puncher. So, what are the tools of this class for and how can they be useful when carrying out repair or construction work?
The perforator is an indispensable device in construction. However, he needs constant care.
Perforators are a class of electrical tools that are designed to make holes in building materials high hardness, such as stone, concrete, brick. They, depending on the initial characteristics, can be used in three different modes: drilling, impact + drilling and just impact work. Also, some types have the function of a screwdriver. The world's first tool of this class was created in 1932 by the German company "BOSH".
The main difference between a hammer drill and such an equally popular tool as a drill is in the percussion mechanism, which has an electro-pneumatic or electromagnetic principle of operation.
The main characteristics of the perforator
The main characteristics of this electrical equipment, depending on the class, are:
- Force (from 1 to 20 J). This parameter determines the maximum size (diameter) of the drilled hole and depends on the power.
- Power (from 450 to 2000 W).
- Spindle speed (from 230 to 2300 rpm).
- The frequency of strokes (from 2150 to 5800 beats / min).
- A variety of the installed cartridge for fastening the nozzle: SDS + (for nozzles with a diameter of up to 30 mm) and SDS-Max (for nozzles with a diameter of up to 52 mm). Drills, drills, chisels, crowns, etc. can act as nozzles.
- Tool weight (from 2.2 to 12 kg);
- Additional equipment. Depending on the price, specifications and equipment manufacturer, the package may additionally include spare parts, interchangeable handles, a set of nozzles various diameters, forms, etc.
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Classification of perforators
Depending on the technical characteristics, these electrical appliances can be divided into:
- by the number of modes of use provided for one- (drilling only), two- (drilling, impact and drilling) and three-mode (drilling, impact and drilling, impact);
- according to the type of engine placement in the device case (horizontal and vertical or L-shaped);
- by weight of equipment (light - up to 3 kg, medium - 3-5 kg, heavy - more than 5 kg);
- according to technical parameters and purposes of use (household, professional);
- by the presence of useful functions and characteristics (blocking and protecting mechanisms, reverse, adjustment of usage parameters, additional lighting, etc.).
For the final decision on which hammer drill is better, let's make a small comparison of the most common equipment models presented on modern market power tools.
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Hammer drill comparison
To begin with, we will consider and compare the characteristics of the most popular modifications of household rotary hammers.
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Household rotary hammers
The BOSCH PBH 2100 RE perforator has a minimum power and an affordable price, and can be used to work with concrete structures.
Basically, these models have the following technical parameters:
- force - from 1 to 4.5 J;
- power - up to 900 W;
- tool weight - up to 4 kg;
- spindle speed - 1500-2000 rpm;
- beat frequency - up to 5800 beats / min;
- the engine in the case is located horizontally;
- cartridge for nozzles SDS +;
- the number of usage modes is from 1 to 3.
We will be the first in the line of household appliances to consider the simplest, low-power and inexpensive puncher BOSCH PBH 2100 RE. Its main characteristics:
- weight - 2.2 kg;
- three modes of use;
- power - 550 W;
- force - 1.7 J;
- the highest frequency of beats per minute - 5800;
- additional options: reverse, protective clutch, auxiliary equipment.
This type at minimum power and affordable price can already be used for work with concrete structures.
A more sophisticated model in this line of punchers is the BOSCH PBH 2900 RE tool. For comparison, here are its main characteristics:
- weight - 3.0 kg;
- three modes of use;
- power - 730 W;
- strength - 2.7 J;
- additional options: Vario-Lock function, which provides for changing the angle of inclination of the working plane of the tool; reverse, protective sleeve, auxiliary equipment, plastic container for storage and transportation.
This tool can be used when working with hard concrete grades. Like all BOSCH models, it features excellent value for money and excellent ergonomics.
Finally, the PBH 3000-2FRE is considered as the third most common modification of BOSCH household rotary hammers. For comparison with the above models, we indicate its main parameters:
- weight - 3.3 kg;
- three modes of use;
- power - 750 W;
- force - 2.8 J;
- the highest frequency of beats per minute - 4000;
- maximum diameter of drilling holes in concrete materials - 26 mm;
- 2 speeds of use;
- additional options: reverse, comfortable handles, safety clutch, auxiliary equipment, plastic container for storage and movement.
This tool can be successfully used for drilling holes, for example, for a socket, as well as for stirring solutions. This model is very popular among users.
In general, it should be noted that BOSCH household rotary hammers are optimal for home use and repair. The models of this company are easy to use, have an affordable price level and have high ergonomics.
In addition to the equipment of the above German company, tools from the Austrian company STERN are presented on the domestic market. Consider some representatives model range household rotary hammers of this company.
So, the modification of STERN RH-24A is the simplest of this kind of equipment from this company. Its main characteristics:
- weight - 2.4 kg;
- three modes of use;
- power - 620 W;
- force - 3.0 J;
- additional options: reverse, auxiliary equipment, plastic container.
The STERN RH-30E perforator is the most powerful of the above and is very convenient for large-scale work on concrete structures.
This model is very convenient in the process of mounting structures made of various types of materials (metal profiles, drywall), and it is indispensable when working at height. Next, for comparison, consider the more powerful STERN RH-26G tool. It has these options:
- weight - 6.0 kg;
- three modes of use;
- power - 800 W;
- force - 3.0 J;
- the highest frequency of beats per minute - 4000;
- maximum diameter of drilling holes in concrete materials - 26 mm;
An even more powerful representative of this series is STERN RH-30E. It has the following characteristics:
- weight - 4.7 kg;
- three modes of use;
- power - 900 W;
- force - 5.0 J;
- the highest frequency of beats per minute - 3000;
- maximum diameter of drilling holes in concrete materials - 30 mm;
- additional options: reverse, accessories in stock, plastic container.
This model is the most powerful of the above and is very convenient for large-scale work on concrete structures.
In addition to BOSCH and STERN tools, attention should also be paid to other manufacturers, such as the well-known Japanese brand MAKITA. This company produces the widest range of rotary hammers. Consider the most popular household class models of this brand.
So, the simplest model with low power is MAKITA HR 1830. Its main parameters are:
- weight - 1.7 kg;
- power - 440 W;
- force - 1.2 J;
- the highest frequency of beats per minute - 5000;
- maximum diameter of drilling holes in concrete materials - 18 mm;
- additional options: reverse, protective sleeve, screwdriver, auxiliary equipment, plastic container.
This small, compact rotary hammer excels at simple assembly tasks, but it has a limited range of features.
The HR 2020 perforator has great power and is quite easy to use.
To perform more complex manipulations, a modification of the HR 2020 will be required, which has the following technical parameters:
- weight - 2.3 kg;
- two modes of use (drilling, impact and drilling);
- power - 710 W;
- force - 2.2 J;
- the highest frequency of beats per minute - 2050;
- limiting diameter of drilling holes in concrete materials - 20 mm;
- additional options: reverse, auxiliary equipment, polymer container.
The model has a relatively large power, is quite simple to use and inexpensive. The main disadvantage is the lack of a “hit” mode.
More powerful and more functional in comparison with the HR 2020 model is the HR 2450 modification. It has the following parameters:
- weight - 2.4 kg;
- three modes of use;
- power - 780 W;
- strength - 2.7 J;
- the highest frequency of beats per minute - 4500;
- limiting diameter of drilling holes in concrete materials - 24 mm;
- additional options: reverse, protective clutch, auxiliary equipment, polymer container.
The tool is versatile, comfortable for long-term work, has a low body heating temperature.
In addition to the above global brands, punchers are produced by other manufacturers, for example, [email protected](USA). The most popular model of this company, available in the distribution network, is KD970KA. Here are its main characteristics:
- weight - 2.9 kg;
- two modes of use (drilling, impact and drilling);
- power - 750 W;
- force - 2.2 J;
- the highest frequency of beats per minute - 4850;
- limiting diameter of drilling holes in concrete materials - 20 mm;
- additional options: reverse, screwdriver, polymer container for storage and transportation.
The BLACK DECKER puncher is easy to use, suitable for solving only the simplest construction tasks.
This modification of the puncher has a minimum set of characteristics and modes, therefore it is not always convenient to use. It is suitable for solving only the simplest construction tasks.
Thus, in general terms, we examined the main representatives of the class of household rotary hammers presented on the domestic market. The final choice depends on the purposes for which the equipment will be used and your financial capabilities.
It should be noted that, in addition to household punchers, there are also professional tools, which are also quite widely represented in the range of retail chains. To make a final decision on the choice of a particular model, you should consider and compare the characteristics of the most popular models of "pro" class punchers. The main applied difference between household class modifications and professional models lies in two characteristics: tool reliability, i.e. in the duration of its MTBF, and in the duration of the use of the tool without interruption. However, it should be noted that professional versions of perforators are approximately 3-5 times more expensive than household options. In addition, any power tool will sooner or later need after-sales service, so it is worth considering additional expenses to the contents of the device.
Now you should familiarize yourself with the most common representatives of professional models of punchers available in the distribution network.
