White movement-
- military-political movement of politically heterogeneous forces, formed during the Civil War of 1917-1923 in Russia with the aim of overthrowing the Soviet regime.
- the most acute form of social struggle for state power between different classes within the country.
The members of the White movement advocated the revival of the former power of Russia and a merciless struggle against the Bolsheviks.
Slogans:"Let's die for our country"
"Fatherland or Death"
"Better death than the death of Russia"
Composition: representatives of the officers of the Cossacks, the bourgeoisie,
nobility, officials, intelligentsia,
prosperous peasantry
Common goals:-destruction of Bolshevism
Convening a Constituent Assembly
Restoration of a powerful united Russia
Peculiarities:
Lack of a single universally recognized leader
There is no unity in the future structure of the country
Lack of a clear program of action
Heterogeneity of the composition in terms of views, party membership and origin.
led the army L.G. Kornilov
And after his death in April 1918, the commander became A.I. Denikin .
Kornilov Lavr Georgievich
Kornilov Lavr Georgievich (1870-1918).
Russian military leader. Military intelligence officer, diplomat and traveler-explorer.
From the family of a Cossack officer from the district town of Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semipalatinsk province.
Graduated from the Academy of the General Staff (1898).
Hero of the Russo-Japanese and World War I. Supreme Commander of the Russian Army (August 1917). Member of the Civil War, one of the organizers and Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army, the leader of the White movement in the South of Russia, a pioneer.
A house in Karakalinsk, where, according to local residents, they spent their childhood L.G. Kornilov
- In early March, at the insistence of the Chairman State Duma Rodzianko Kornilov was appointed commander of the Petrograd Military District
- Kornilov stood for the preservation of strong power. Speaking for order and tough power, he repeatedly declared his commitment to democratic ideals.
- Kornilov managed to achieve some success under Brusilov's command of the army: he broke through the front at Kalush. On July 7, he replaced the commander-in-chief of the front A.E. Gutor.
- On July 12, under pressure from Kornilov, the Provisional Government decided to restore the death penalty at the front.
L.G. Kornilov in front of the troops. 1917
- In December 1917, together with Alekseev and Denikin, he became the organizer of the First Volunteer Army.
- He commanded the army during the famous Ice Campaign from the Don, where the Soviets defeated the Kuban. Successfully led the Volunteer Army to unite with the Kuban Volunteer Army.
- March 31 (April 13), 1918 - killed during the storming of Yekaterinodar.
Kornilov. ice hike
Denikin Anton Ivanovich
Denikin Anton Ivanovich (1872 - 1947)
Russian military leader, politician, one of the main leaders of the White movement in Russia during the Civil War.
Born in a village near the Polish city of Wloclawek.
He came from a family of serfs.
During the First World War, he commanded the 4th Infantry Brigade (later expanded into a division), which received the nickname "Iron". During the Civil War he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (1918-1920), having achieved the greatest success in the fight against the Reds.
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Having made peace with Poland, the Red Army decided to concentrate all its forces on the fight against the last major White Guard center - the army of General Wrangel. The troops of the newly created Southern Front, under the command of Frunze, broke into the Crimea in early November 1920, after fierce and bloody battles. Despite incredible efforts, Baron Wrangel failed to hold the front. Having made peace with Poland, the Red Army decided to concentrate all its forces on the fight against the last major White Guard center - the army of General Wrangel. The troops of the newly created Southern Front, under the command of Frunze, broke into the Crimea in early November 1920, after fierce and bloody battles. Despite incredible efforts, Baron Wrangel failed to hold the front.
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The leaders of the White movement were unable to offer the people an attractive program. They restored the old laws, returned land and enterprises to their former owners, supported the idea of restoring the monarchy. “The White generals refused to cooperate with the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries and split the anti-Bolshevik front. The leaders of the White movement were unable to offer the people an attractive program. They restored the old laws, returned land and enterprises to their former owners, supported the idea of restoring the monarchy. “The White generals refused to cooperate with the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries and split the anti-Bolshevik front.
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Lesson plan 1. The concept of the Civil War and periodization. 2. Causes of the Civil War. 3. Beginning of the Civil War. 4. White movement. 5. Creation of the Red Army. 6. The course of the Civil War. 7. Causes of the defeat of the white movement. 8.Results of the Civil War.
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Concept of Civil War What is Civil War? Period of sharp class clashes Method of resolving conflicts between the parties with the help of the armed forces Confrontation of class and social groups
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Periodization of the Civil War Different approaches to periodization February 1917 - October 1922 Spring 1918 - Autumn 1920 October 1917 - October 1922: October 1917 - Spring 1918 - "soft Civil War" Spring - Summer 1918 - the beginning of the "front" stage of the Civil War December 1918 - June 1919 - confrontation of regular Reds and white armies. "Year of the Whites". The second half of 1919 - Autumn 1920 - the period of the military defeat of the White armies. The end of 1920 - 1922 - the period of the "small Civil War"
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Causes of the Civil War The Peace of Brest-Litovsk offended the patriotic feelings of the officers and the intelligentsia. Bolshevik dispersal of the Constituent Assembly.
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Beginning of the Civil War In the spring of 1918, dissatisfaction with the policies of the Bolsheviks became widespread. Intervention has become a reality - the forcible intervention of one or more states in the internal affairs of another state. Germany occupied Ukraine, troops of the Entente countries landed in Arkhangelsk. The economy plunged into chaos. Repressions against the opposition and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk provided mass social support to the opponents of the Bolsheviks. English troops in Arkhangelsk
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Beginning of the Civil War May 1918 - the rebellion of the Czechoslovak Corps stationed in Siberia and the Urals. By the end of the summer of 1918, a significant part of the territories of Russia was under the rule of anti-Bolshevik governments: in Samara - KOMUCH, in Yekaterinburg - the Ural Regional Government, in Tomsk - the Provisional Siberian Government. September 1918 in Ufa, a single government of the "democratic counter-revolution" was created - the Ufa directory. Czechoslovak train in Siberia.
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White movement On the Don, Ataman Kaledin announced his disobedience to the Bolsheviks. In December 1917, the formation of the Volunteer Army began here from officers. It was headed by Gen. M. Alekseev. The participants in the movement wanted to revive the former might of the empire and set themselves the task of fighting all socialist parties. The population reacted favorably to the Soviets. Kaledin was forced to shoot himself. Alekseev soon died and was replaced by General L. Kornilov. General M. Alekseev General L. Kornilov
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White movement In the spring of 1918, under the influence of rumors about the forced redistribution of land on the Don, anti-Soviet protests began to arise. When German troops appeared on the Don, the Cossack elite entered into an agreement with them. The Don Army was formed here, led by General Krasnov. The Soviets formed the Southern Front and stopped the Cossack advance in December. Soon all the Whites came under the banner of Denikin. General P. Krasnov
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White movement Kornilov died in April 1918 during an unsuccessful assault on the capital of the Kuban, Ekaterinodar. And General A. Denikin became the commander-in-chief. In the Southern Urals, resistance to the Bolsheviks was led by ataman A. Dutov, and in Transbaikalia - ataman G. Semenov. The first anti-Bolshevik uprisings were spontaneous and scattered. But gradually there were two centers of struggle - in Siberia, where prosperous peasants dissatisfied with the activities of the commanders prevailed, and in the south with its Cossack population, accustomed to freemen. Volunteer army.
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Creation of the Red Army Lenin believed that the army should be replaced by the general arming of the people. But the fight against the counter-revolution forced him to reconsider his approach. By decrees of January 15 and 29, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the Red Fleet were created on a voluntary basis. But in the conditions of a protracted war, a particularly large number of volunteers were not observed. Therefore, on May 30, universal military service was introduced. People's Commissar for Military Affairs N. Krylenko
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Creation of the Red Army This made it possible by 1920 to bring the number of troops up to 5 million people. Courses were organized to train commanders, and in March 1918 a decree was issued on recruiting "bourgeois specialists" into the army. To control them, the positions of commissars were introduced. In September 1918, a unified army command structure was formed. At the head of the fronts was the Revolutionary Military Council of the commander and 2 commissars. They were subordinate to the Republican Revolutionary Military Council headed by L. Trotsky. L. Trotsky among the members of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Eastern Front.
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The course of the Civil War 1. The fight against Kolchak in 1919 11/28/1918 Kolchak announced the introduction of sole power to fight the Bolsheviks. After the victory, he planned to call the National Assembly. In the spring of 1919, 400,000 The army launched an offensive and approached the Volga. Kolchak's plans included the capture of Moscow with the help of Denikin's army. But in April, the Eastern Front under the command of M. Frunze defeated the Kolchak troops near Samara and Ufa. Yekaterinburg was liberated in July. In November, Omsk, the capital of Kolchak, fell. A. V. Kolchak
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The course of the Civil War 1. The fight against Kolchak in 1919 Under the blows of the Red Army, the White Guards withdrew to Irkutsk. On December 24, an anti-Kolchak uprising broke out here, the Czechoslovak corps declared neutrality, and in early January 1920 they arrested Kolchak and handed him over to the leaders of the uprising. Kolchak was shot. The offensive of the Red Army soon stopped. On April 6, 1920, the Far Eastern Republic was proclaimed in Verkhneudinsk - a "buffer state" headed by the Bolsheviks. Siberian partisans
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The course of the Civil War 2. The defeat of the army of N. Yudenich In the spring of 1919, the Russian Political Committee in Finland, headed by General. N. Yudenich formed an army on its territory and in May launched an offensive against Petrograd. The front between Narva and Lake Peipsi was broken. On June 13, a rebellion began in a number of Petrograd forts. The Bolsheviks, relying on the Baltic sailors and units of the Red Army, crushed the rebellion and went on the offensive. At the beginning of 1920, Murmansk and Arkhangelsk were liberated. The Russian north has again become Soviet. N.N. Yudenich
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The course of the Civil War 3.Liquidation of the Volunteer Army In May-June 1919, Denikin's offensive began in the south. The White Guards occupied the Donbass, Belgorod, Tsaritsyn and announced the start of a campaign against Moscow. The Bolsheviks mobilized and launched a counteroffensive in October. The First Cavalry Army under the command of S. Budyonny cut the White Guards into 2 parts - Caucasian and Crimean. At the beginning of 1920, the Volunteer Army ceased to exist. Before leaving for the Southern Front
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The remnants of the Volunteer Army moved to the Crimea. Wrangel, in an effort to gain social support, publishes on May 25 the Law on Land, which transferred it to those who worked on it. Local power passed to the volost zemstvos. Cossack self-government was restored, the workers were promised protection of their rights. But time has been lost. The Bolsheviks, after the first successes of Wrangel, began to transfer a significant part of the Red Army to the South. The course of the Civil War 3.Liquidation of the Volunteer Army The First Cavalry Army.
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Parts of the Red Army were transferred to the south and began to storm the Isthmus of Perekop, but it was not possible to immediately seize the powerful fortifications. On November 8, one of the detachments crossed the Sivash and hit the White Guards in the rear. Soon the fortifications on Perekop and Chongar passed into the hands of the Bolsheviks. The remnants of the White Guards rushed to Sevastopol in the hope of fleeing abroad, but the blow inflicted by Frunze eliminated the remnants of the Volunteer Army. The course of the Civil War 4. War with Poland. The defeat of P. Wrangel. M. Samsonov. Crossing the Sivash.
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The leaders of the White movement failed to offer the people an attractive program. They restored the old laws, returned the land and enterprises to their former owners, and supported the idea of restoring the monarchy. The inhabitants of the national outskirts could not accept the slogan "United and indivisible Russia". Causes of the defeat of the white movement. The White generals refused to cooperate with the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries and split the anti-Bolshevik front. They stained themselves with cooperation with the interventionists. They failed to achieve unity in their ranks. The defeat of the white armies in the south.
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Results of the Civil War By 1921, the population of Russia compared with the autumn of 1917. decreased by more than 10 million people; industrial production decreased by 7 times; transport was in complete decline; coal and oil production was at the level of the end of the XlX century; crop areas were sharply reduced; gross output Agriculture was 67% of the pre-war level. The people were exhausted. There were not enough clothes, shoes, medicines. Spring and summer of 1921 a terrible famine broke out in the Volga region, more than 5 million people died. In February 1921, 64 factories stopped. The workers were on the street. Child homelessness has risen sharply. Many representatives of the officers, the Cossacks, the bourgeoisie were forced to leave the country. By the end of the war, about 2 million people immigrated. By the end of the war, a command-administrative economic system had been established. The war left a bloody trail in the souls of people, many could not get used to a peaceful life.
A. I. Denikin is best known as the “white general”, who almost defeated the Bolsheviks in 1919. He is less known as a commander of the Russian army during the First World War, a writer and historiographer. Considering himself a Russian officer and patriot, Denikin throughout his long life retained a deep dislike for the Bolsheviks who had taken over in Russia, and a belief in the national revival of Russia. A. I. Denikin is best known as the “white general”, who almost defeated the Bolsheviks in 1919. He is less known as a commander of the Russian army during the First World War, a writer and historiographer. Considering himself a Russian officer and patriot, Denikin throughout his long life retained a deep dislike for the Bolsheviks who had taken over in Russia, and a belief in the national revival of Russia.
We should dwell on the fate of Anton Ivanovich Denikin in more detail. As you know, he was born on December 4, 1872 in the Warsaw province into a poor family of a major, a former serf. His father was sold as a recruit by a landowner in his youth, rose to the rank of major, retired at 64, remarried a Polish Catholic, Elizaveta Fedorovna Vrshesinskaya. From this marriage, the son Anton was born.
The son was brought up "in Russianness and Orthodoxy." The father was a deeply religious person, did not miss church services and always took his son to church with him. From childhood, Anton Ivanovich began to serve at the altar, sing on the kliros, ring the bell, and later read the Six Psalms and the Apostle. The son was brought up "in Russianness and Orthodoxy." The father was a deeply religious person, did not miss church services and always took his son to church with him. From childhood, Anton Ivanovich began to serve at the altar, sing on the kliros, ring the bell, and later read the Six Psalms and the Apostle.
At the age of 10, he entered the Lovichsky Real School, where he showed excellent abilities in mathematics. Since childhood, dreaming of military service, after graduating from a real school, Denikin entered the Kiev Infantry Cadet School and graduated in 1892. Then in 1899 he graduated from the Academy of the General Staff, being promoted to captain.
In the summer of 1902, Captain Denikin was transferred to the General Staff and appointed to the post of chief adjutant of the 2nd Infantry Division stationed in Brest-Litovsk, then he commanded a company of the 183rd Pultus Infantry Regiment, and finally, in the fall of 1903, he was again assigned to Warsaw , to the headquarters of the 2nd Cavalry Corps as an officer of the General Staff. Here in the rank of captain and found him Russian- japanese war. In the summer of 1902, Captain Denikin was transferred to the General Staff and appointed to the post of chief adjutant of the 2nd Infantry Division stationed in Brest-Litovsk, then he commanded a company of the 183rd Pultus Infantry Regiment, and finally, in the fall of 1903, he was again assigned to Warsaw , to the headquarters of the 2nd Cavalry Corps as an officer of the General Staff. Here, in the rank of captain, the Russian-Japanese war found him.
In March 1904, Denikin filed a report on transfer to the active army. During the war, he headed the headquarters of various formations and more than once commanded combat sectors. One of the hills was named Denikinskaya - in honor of the fight in which Anton Ivanovich repulsed the enemy advance with bayonets. For personal courage and excellent qualities military officer, Denikin was awarded the rank of colonel and was awarded two orders - St. Stanislav and St. Anna. In March 1904, Denikin filed a report on transfer to the active army. During the war, he headed the headquarters of various formations and more than once commanded combat sectors. One of the hills was named Denikinskaya - in honor of the fight in which Anton Ivanovich repulsed the enemy advance with bayonets. For his personal courage and excellent qualities as a military officer, Denikin was awarded the rank of colonel and was awarded two orders - St. Stanislav and St. Anna.
Denikin welcomed the Manifesto of October 17, considering it the beginning of transformations, but he reacted extremely negatively to the revolution of 1917. He supported the reforms of Pyotr Stolypin, believing that they were able to resolve the most important issue in Russia - the peasant one. Denikin welcomed the Manifesto of October 17, considering it the beginning of transformations, but he reacted extremely negatively to the revolution of 1917. He supported the reforms of Pyotr Stolypin, believing that they were able to resolve the most important issue in Russia - the peasant one.
In 1906, Denikin served at the headquarters of the 2nd Cavalry Corps, then for 4 years he commanded the headquarters of the 57th Infantry Reserve Brigade. On June 29, 1910, he was appointed commander of the 17th Archangelsk Infantry Regiment. In June 1914, three months before the war, Denikin was promoted to major general. In 1906, Denikin served at the headquarters of the 2nd Cavalry Corps, then for 4 years he commanded the headquarters of the 57th Infantry Reserve Brigade. On June 29, 1910, he was appointed commander of the 17th Archangelsk Infantry Regiment. In June 1914, three months before the war, Denikin was promoted to major general.
At the beginning of the First World War (which in Russia until 1917 was called the Great Patriotic War), Major General Denikin was appointed to the post of Quartermaster General of the 8th Army, General Brusilov. At his own request, he went into service and was appointed on September 6, 1914 as commander of the 4th Rifle ("Iron") brigade, deployed in next year to the division. The "Iron" division of General Denikin became famous in many battles during the Battle of Galicia and in the Carpathians. In the autumn of 1914, for the battles at Grodek, General Denikin was awarded the St. George's weapon, and then for a bold maneuver at Gorny Luzhok, the Order of St. George, 4th degree, in 1915, for the battles at Lutovisko, the Order of St. George, 3rd degree. At the beginning of the First World War (which in Russia until 1917 was called the Great Patriotic War), Major General Denikin was appointed to the post of Quartermaster General of the 8th Army, General Brusilov. At his own request, he joined the ranks and was appointed on September 6, 1914 as commander of the 4th Rifle ("Iron") Brigade, deployed the following year into a division. The "Iron" division of General Denikin became famous in many battles during the Battle of Galicia and in the Carpathians. In the autumn of 1914, for the battles at Grodek, General Denikin was awarded the St. George's weapon, and then for a bold maneuver at Gorny Luzhok, the Order of St. George, 4th degree, in 1915, for the battles at Lutovisko, the Order of St. George, 3rd degree.
During the retreat in September 1915, the division took Lutsk with a counterattack, capturing about 20 thousand people, which was equal to the entire strength of the Denikin division, for which General Denikin was promoted to lieutenant general. Secondly, General Denikin took Lutsk during the Brusilov offensive in June 1916. For breaking through the enemy positions during the Brusilov offensive and for the second capture of Lutsk, he was again awarded the St. George weapon, showered with diamonds with the inscription "For the two-time liberation of Lutsk." On September 9, 1916, Lieutenant General Anton Denikin was appointed commander of the 8th Army Corps. During the retreat in September 1915, the division took Lutsk with a counterattack, capturing about 20 thousand people, which was equal to the entire strength of the Denikin division, for which General Denikin was promoted to lieutenant general. Secondly, General Denikin took Lutsk during the Brusilov offensive in June 1916. For breaking through the enemy positions during the Brusilov offensive and for the second capture of Lutsk, he was again awarded the St. George weapon, showered with diamonds with the inscription "For the two-time liberation of Lutsk." On September 9, 1916, Lieutenant General Anton Denikin was appointed commander of the 8th Army Corps.
The February coup stunned Denikin, a man of liberal views, a supporter of a constitutional monarchy and radical social reforms: “We were not prepared at all for such an unexpectedly quick denouement, nor for the forms that the revolution took.”
From the end of March 1917, Denikin served at the Headquarters as an assistant chief of staff of the Commander-in-Chief, from April 5 to May 31 - Chief of Staff of the Commander-in-Chief, General M.V. Alekseev. Denikin, observing the turmoil, fought to limit the powers of the soldiers' committees to economic functions, to increase the representation of officers in them, and sought to prevent the creation of committees in divisions, corps, armies and on the fronts. To the project sent by the Minister of War Guchkov to create a system of soldier organizations with fairly broad powers, Denikin replied with a telegram: "The project is aimed at destroying the Army." From the end of March 1917, Denikin served at the Headquarters as an assistant chief of staff of the Commander-in-Chief, from April 5 to May 31 - Chief of Staff of the Commander-in-Chief, General M.V. Alekseev. Denikin, observing the turmoil, fought to limit the powers of the soldiers' committees to economic functions, to increase the representation of officers in them, and sought to prevent the creation of committees in divisions, corps, armies and on the fronts. To the project sent by the Minister of War Guchkov to create a system of soldier organizations with fairly broad powers, Denikin replied with a telegram: "The project is aimed at destroying the Army."
On August 2, 1917, Anton Ivanovich Denikin was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Southwestern Front, replacing General Lavr Kornilov in this post. The next day, assuming office, he issued an order in which he called on all the ranks in whom the love for the Motherland had not faded to “become strong in defense of the Russian statehood and devote their work, mind and heart to the cause of the revival of the Army”: “Put these two began above political passions, party intolerance and grave insults inflicted on many in the days of insane frenzy, for only fully armed with state order and strength will we turn the “fields of shame” into fields of glory and through the darkness of anarchy we will lead the country to the Constituent Assembly. A day later, in his Order 876, Commander-in-Chief Denikin announced the restriction of the activities of military committees within the framework of existing military legislation; ordered the committees not to expand, and the chiefs not to narrow their competence. On August 2, 1917, Anton Ivanovich Denikin was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Southwestern Front, replacing General Lavr Kornilov in this post. The next day, assuming office, he issued an order in which he called on all the ranks in whom the love for the Motherland had not faded to “become strong in defense of the Russian statehood and devote their work, mind and heart to the cause of the revival of the Army”: “Put these two began above political passions, party intolerance and grave insults inflicted on many in the days of insane frenzy, for only fully armed with state order and strength will we turn the “fields of shame” into fields of glory and through the darkness of anarchy we will lead the country to the Constituent Assembly. A day later, in his Order 876, Commander-in-Chief Denikin announced the restriction of the activities of military committees within the framework of existing military legislation; ordered the committees not to expand, and the chiefs not to narrow their competence.
On August 27, having received a message about Kornilov’s speech, General Denikin sent a telegram to the Provisional Government: “... Today I received news that General Kornilov, who made certain demands that could still save the country and the army, is being removed from the post of Commander-in-Chief. Seeing in this the return of power to the path of systematic destruction of the army and, consequently, the death of the country, I consider it my duty to bring to the attention of the Provisional Government that I will not go along this path with him. On August 27, having received a message about Kornilov’s speech, General Denikin sent a telegram to the Provisional Government: “... Today I received news that General Kornilov, who made certain demands that could still save the country and the army, is being removed from the post of Commander-in-Chief. Seeing in this the return of power to the path of systematic destruction of the army and, consequently, the death of the country, I consider it my duty to bring to the attention of the Provisional Government that I will not go along this path with him.
Two days later, Denikin was "expelled from office with a trial for rebellion", he and his supporters on the Southwestern Front were arrested and imprisoned in Berdichev Prison, later transferred to Bykhov, from where Denikin was released on the orders of General Dukhonin, who paid for it life.
On November 19, 1917, Denikin with great difficulty got by train to Novocherkassk, where, together with Generals Alekseev, Kornilov and Kaledin, he took part in the organization and formation of the Volunteer Army. On January 30, 1918, General Denikin was appointed head of the 1st Volunteer Division. In the 1st Kuban ("Ice") campaign, he acted as deputy general Kornilov, commander of the Volunteer Army. On November 19, 1917, Denikin with great difficulty got by train to Novocherkassk, where, together with Generals Alekseev, Kornilov and Kaledin, he took part in the organization and formation of the Volunteer Army. On January 30, 1918, General Denikin was appointed head of the 1st Volunteer Division. In the 1st Kuban ("Ice") campaign, he acted as deputy general Kornilov, commander of the Volunteer Army.
On March 31, when Kornilov was killed during the storming of Yekaterinodar, Anton Ivanovich Denikin took command of the Volunteer Army. In June, Denikin led the Volunteer Army on the 2nd Kuban campaign and on July 3 took Ekaterinodar. On September 25 (October 8), 1918, after the death of General Alekseev, Denikin became Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army. On March 31, when Kornilov was killed during the storming of Yekaterinodar, Anton Ivanovich Denikin took command of the Volunteer Army. In June, Denikin led the Volunteer Army on the 2nd Kuban campaign and on July 3 took Ekaterinodar. On September 25 (October 8), 1918, after the death of General Alekseev, Denikin became Commander-in-Chief of the Volunteer Army.
On December 26, 1918, after a meeting at the Torgovaya station with the ataman of the Don Army, General Krasnov, who recognized the need for a unified command and agreed to subordinate the Don Army to General Denikin, Anton Ivanovich became Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (VSYUR).
In 1919, from the headquarters of the AFSR in Taganrog, General Denikin exercised the main command of the Caucasian Volunteer Army of General Wrangel, the Don Army of General Sidorin, the Volunteer Army of General Mai-Maevsky, and also led the actions of General Erdeli, the commander-in-chief in the North Caucasus, General Schilling, the commander-in-chief in Novorossia, the commander-in-chief of Kiev region, General Dragomirov and commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Admiral Gerasimov. The management of the occupied regions, except for the Cossack ones, was carried out with the participation of the Special Conference, created by General Alekseev. In 1919, from the headquarters of the AFSR in Taganrog, General Denikin exercised the main command of the Caucasian Volunteer Army of General Wrangel, the Don Army of General Sidorin, the Volunteer Army of General Mai-Maevsky, and also led the actions of General Erdeli, the commander-in-chief in the North Caucasus, General Schilling, the commander-in-chief in Novorossia, the commander-in-chief of Kiev region, General Dragomirov and commander of the Black Sea Fleet, Admiral Gerasimov. The management of the occupied regions, except for the Cossack ones, was carried out with the participation of the Special Conference, created by General Alekseev.
In a number of his declarations, the commander-in-chief determined the main directions of his policy: the restoration of the Great, United and Indivisible Russia, the fight against the Bolsheviks to the end, the defense of the Orthodox Faith, economic reform, taking into account the interests of all classes, determining the form state government in the country after the convocation of the Constituent Assembly, elected by the people. “As for me personally, said Anton Ivanovich, I will not fight for the form of government, I am fighting only for Russia.” In a number of his declarations, the commander-in-chief determined the main directions of his policy: the restoration of the Great, United and Indivisible Russia, the fight against the Bolsheviks to the end, the defense of the Orthodox Faith, economic reform, taking into account the interests of all classes, determining the form of government in the country after the convocation of the Constituent Assembly elected by the people . “As for me personally, said Anton Ivanovich, I will not fight for the form of government, I am fighting only for Russia.”
Taking advantage of the fact that the main forces of the Red Army fought against Kolchak, commander-in-chief Anton Denikin in the spring of 1919 moved the Volunteer Army on the offensive. In the summer, Denikin occupied the Donbass, reached the strategically important line of Tsaritsyn - Kharkov - Poltava. In October, he took Kursk and Orel, approached Tula, but could not overcome the remaining 200 miles to Moscow. Taking advantage of the fact that the main forces of the Red Army fought against Kolchak, commander-in-chief Anton Denikin in the spring of 1919 moved the Volunteer Army on the offensive. In the summer, Denikin occupied the Donbass, reached the strategically important line of Tsaritsyn - Kharkov - Poltava. In October, he took Kursk and Orel, approached Tula, but could not overcome the remaining 200 miles to Moscow.
After the retreat of the VSYUR troops in the autumn of 1919 - in the winter of 1920. General Denikin, shocked by the catastrophe during the evacuation of Novorossiysk, decided to convene the Military Council to elect a new commander in chief. On March 22, 1920, the Military Council elects General Wrangel as commander-in-chief. Denikin gives the last order for the Armed Forces of Russia - the appointment of the new commander-in-chief of Wrangel. On April 4, 48-year-old Anton Ivanovich Denikin left Russia on an English destroyer.
Denikin did not stay long in England. In August 1920, not wanting to remain in England during negotiations with Soviet Russia, he moved to Belgium. In Brussels, he began work on his fundamental five-volume work Essays on the Russian Troubles. He continued this work in difficult living conditions on Lake Balaton, in Hungary, the 5th volume was completed by him in 1926 in Brussels. In 1926, Anton Ivanovich moved to France and took up literary work. At this time, his books "The Old Army" and "Officers" were published, written mainly in Capbreton, where the general often talked with the writer Ivan Shmelev. Denikin did not stay long in England. In August 1920, not wanting to remain in England during negotiations with Soviet Russia, he moved to Belgium. In Brussels, he began work on his fundamental five-volume work Essays on the Russian Troubles. He continued this work in difficult living conditions on Lake Balaton, in Hungary, the 5th volume was completed by him in 1926 in Brussels. In 1926, Anton Ivanovich moved to France and took up literary work. At this time, his books "The Old Army" and "Officers" were published, written mainly in Capbreton, where the general often talked with the writer Ivan Shmelev.
During the "Parisian" period of his life, Anton Ivanovich often made presentations on political topics, and in 1936 he began to publish the newspaper "Volunteer". The declaration of war on September 1, 1939 found Denikin in the south of France in the village of Monteuil-aux-Viscounts, where he left Paris to begin work on his last work, The Way of the Russian Officer. Autobiographical in its genre, the new book, according to the general's intention, was to serve as an introduction and addition to his five-volume Essays on the Russian Troubles. During the "Parisian" period of his life, Anton Ivanovich often made presentations on political topics, and in 1936 he began to publish the newspaper "Volunteer". The declaration of war on September 1, 1939 found Denikin in the south of France in the village of Monteuil-aux-Viscounts, where he left Paris to begin work on his last work, The Way of the Russian Officer. Autobiographical in its genre, the new book, according to the general's intention, was to serve as an introduction and addition to his five-volume Essays on the Russian Troubles.
The German invasion of France in May-June 1940 forced Denikin, who did not want to be under German occupation, to urgently leave Bourg-la-Reine (near Paris) and drive towards the Spanish border in the car of one of his associates, Colonel Glotov. The fugitives managed to get only to the villa of friends in Mimizan, north of Biaritz, as here they were overtaken by German motorized units. The 67-year-old Denikin had to leave his friends' villa on the beach and spend several years, until the liberation of France from German occupation, in a cold barracks, where, needing everything and often starving, he continued to work on his work The Way of the Russian Officer. The German invasion of France in May-June 1940 forced Denikin, who did not want to be under German occupation, to urgently leave Bourg-la-Reine (near Paris) and drive towards the Spanish border in the car of one of his associates, Colonel Glotov. The fugitives managed to get only to the villa of friends in Mimizan, north of Biaritz, as here they were overtaken by German motorized units. The 67-year-old Denikin had to leave his friends' villa on the beach and spend several years, until the liberation of France from German occupation, in a cold barracks, where, needing everything and often starving, he continued to work on his work The Way of the Russian Officer.
Denikin, unlike many émigré collaborators, condemned Hitler's policies and called him "the worst enemy of Russia." At the same time, he hoped that after the defeat of Germany, the Red Army would overthrow the communist government. He sharply condemned the emigre organizations that collaborated with Hitler. Denikin, unlike many émigré collaborators, condemned Hitler's policies and called him "the worst enemy of Russia." At the same time, he hoped that after the defeat of Germany, the Red Army would overthrow the communist government. He sharply condemned the emigre organizations that collaborated with Hitler.
In May 1945, he returned to Paris, and soon, at the end of November of that year, under the influence of rumors about his forcible deportation to the USSR, taking advantage of the invitation of one of his associates, went to the USA. In America, General Denikin spoke at numerous meetings and wrote a letter to General Eisenhower calling for a stop to the forced extradition of Russian prisoners of war. Denikin worked on the books The Way of the Russian Officer and The Second World War. Russia and Abroad”, which he did not have time to complete. On August 7, 1947, at the age of 75, Russian Lieutenant General Anton Ivanovich Denikin died of a heart attack at the University of Michigan Hospital ...
"The Politics of War Communism" - Definition of the policy of "War Communism". Changes in the state apparatus. Super-centralization - the number of central offices and centers is increasing. Prodrazverstka - the delivery by the peasants to the state at fixed prices of all surplus grain. The main features of "war communism". The ideal of the future - communism - "society for the people."
"Heroes of the Civil War" - Separate Corps of the Northern Army. Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich Rodzianko. The crisis Russian Empire. Shchors Nikolai Alexandrovich. Officers of the 3rd Cavalry Corps. 1st Ukrainian Soviet Regiment. Bohun. Nicholas II on the Southwestern Front. The Civil War and its Heroes. 3 rifle battalions. Support for the Soviet government.
"1917-1920 years" - Remove the excess. 6. Dress up a soldier of the Red Army. October Revolution of 1917 and the establishment of Soviet power. A) 1917 - 1918 Capture of the Winter Palace. A) VKCHP b) RSFSR c) USSR. «RUSSIA IN 1917-1920 2. What are the reasons for the start of the civil war. 4. What happened to the family of the Russian Tsar? A) Down with the king!
"Events of the Civil War in Russia" - Nikolai Aleksandrovich Shchors. Main front. Denikin Anton Ivanovich. Nestor Ivanovich Makhno. Awarded 2 Orders of the Red Banner. White movement. Frunze Mikhail Vasilievich. Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich Yudenich Nikolai Nikolaevich Caricature of white generals. Consequences of the civil war. Slogans. Awarded 7 Orders of Lenin.
"The beginning of the intervention" - Name the leaders of the White Army. Facts proving the aggressive character. List the causes of the civil war. Who are we talking about. Work with the story for additional reading "Red Army". The beginning of the civil war and intervention. Year of the start of the Civil War. Work with the text of the textbook. Who pursued the following goals.
"White Movement" - The ideological and organizational foundations of future white armies were laid. What are we fighting for? Volunteer army in 1917-20. Denikin. WHITE MOVEMENT anti-Bolshevik movement during the Civil War in Russia. “People were looking for an idea and stained the banner. Kornilov Lavr Georgievich Help me, Russian people, save the Motherland.
