Row mushrooms where they grow in what forests. How to distinguish poisonous gray row from edible mushrooms

Kira Stoletova

In temperate climates, rowweed mushrooms grow productively. They are found in all regions of Russia. When collecting, you need to know the exact description of edible and inedible varieties.

Appearance and habitat

Mushroom rowing or govorushka forms fruiting bodies with a clearly defined division into a hat and a leg. In representatives of the genus, the hat is flat (this is typical for mature mushrooms, but in young it is hemispherical), with a lamellar hymenoform, it differs in different types coloration. The leg is long, cylindrical.

Ryadovki - ground types of mushrooms. More often, the mycelium chooses soil next to coniferous trees. Individuals grow in clusters in small groups. They can form ring colonies - "witch circles". There are many places where rows grow: they are forest, meadow, grow in groves and even parks.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
It is important not to forget that most species of rows are mycorrhiza-forming, which, as symbionts, prefer representatives of coniferous tree species, choosing most often pine and less often larch, spruce and fir. Only rare species of the genus form mycorrhiza with deciduous trees (beech, oak, birch). Poor sandy or calcareous soils of coniferous and mixed forests are chosen as a habitat.
The genus got its name because of the “addiction” of representatives to grow in rows or groups. In some regions of the Russian Federation, they are even called "mice".

Geographically, the types of rows cover the whole of Russia. The species is also growing in the Crimea. Crimean mushrooms are actively harvested from early spring until the middle of winter due to the warm climate. Basically, the fruiting time of the genus is autumn, because it is the autumn fruiting bodies that reach their peak of fleshiness and quantity. Some species appear in the spring, while others bear fruit until the cold weather. Row mushroom combines many species, the description of which is useful to every mushroom picker, so as not to send false mushrooms to the basket, and then to the plate.

Species diversity

Among the varieties of the variety there are edible, conditionally edible and poisonous fruits.

Edible species

Row earthy (earthen): in youth it has a bell-shaped hat, in adults it is prostrate - up to 10 cm in diameter. The color of the cap is dark gray, the surface structure from afar resembles a smooth pile, the stem is white or light gray. On its surface, some representatives can see the "annular zone" - the remains of a private bedspread. The pulp is whitish, dense with a pleasant floral smell.
Row open-shaped, or bandaged: has a ring on the stem, which divides not just the leg into parts, but its color: above the ring (almost under the hat) the color is white, but under the ring it is red-brown, to match the hat.

Type description:

Hat up to 10 cm in diameter.
The color of the cap is brown, sometimes there are remnants of a film bedspread on it. The edges are uneven.
Pulp with a slight smell, fibrous, bitter.
The plates are frequent, white-cream.

Row giant: in representatives of this species, the hat grows from 8 to 20 cm in diameter. She was also given the name rowing gigantic. The leg is up to 10 cm, the thickness is about 4 cm. The color of the cap is brown, the leg is white with brown patches. The pulp is dense, white. The species is classified as rare, it is listed in the Red Book.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):
The giant row is considered a mushroom with fairly good taste. In cooking, it is used both pickled and salted, but before cooking it must be boiled for 20 minutes to remove bitterness. The pulp of the fungus contains the antibiotic clitocin, which has the ability to destroy pathogenic bacteria as well as cancer cells.
On the territory of Russia, the giant row is found in some regions (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Kirov and Leningrad region), where it forms mycorrhiza with conifers. The species prefers pine forests, but it can also be found in mixed forests of the Crimea.

golden line, or brown-yellow: has yellow or yellow-brownish, so-called. hydrophobic hats. For your information. The hygrophobia of caps is their property to retain water. There is a small depression in the middle. The color is uniform, but there are rust spots. The pulp is dense with a characteristic anise smell, with a bitter aftertaste. Most sources consider it poisonous, and a few - conditionally edible. But fruiting bodies are always processed by soaking and boiling.
Row scaly, or brownish, or sweetie or black-scaled: the color of the cap is reddish-brown or red-brown with scales. The leg is lighter, but with a uniform surface color. The shape of the leg is cylindrical, in young individuals it is dense, in adults it is with voids. The scaly row has white-cream or brownish plates. The smell of pulp is mealy. This species is edible.
Shod row: delicacy look. Known as matsutake, pine mushroom, pine horns. It grows in the Far East, especially appreciated in Japan and China. In Russia they are found in the Urals, in Eastern Siberia, Amur and Khabarovsk regions. The search for fruiting bodies is hampered by the foliage under which they hide. This fungus has a cheesy bitter taste and a pleasant smell of anise. A feature of the species is a leg deeply planted in the soil. When collecting shod rows, the fruiting bodies are dug out by hand to avoid damage. Type description:

Hat: up to 20 cm in diameter. The color is white-brown, the edge is uneven. The hat is thick, elastic, has scales in light areas. The hymenophore is lamellar.
Leg: long, cylindrical. Tapers downward, almost completely in the soil. Below there is a characteristic "stocking" with a "skirt". It is white with brown stains, the “skirt” is also brown. Above the "skirt" the leg is white with small scales.
Pulp: white color with a pleasant fruity aroma.

Matsutake is a whimsical look. It requires special soil and temperature regime. Does not grow in one place for more than 10 years. The fruiting period is September-early October.

Two-color rowing, or lilac-legged: edible species of the genus. Resistant to lower temperatures, so late. Fruiting bodies are harvested until severe frosts. The hat is cushion-shaped, dense to the touch. Color gray-violet or yellow-gray. The leg is long, cylindrical. The color of the leg is the same as that of the cap, but there are bright purple furrows or blotches. The plates are frequent, white or grayish in color. The pulp is white with a pleasant fruity smell.
Row bearded: the species has weak gastronomic characteristics. Belongs to the group of conditionally edible. The appearance is the same as that of the scaly row, but there is a fringe of fibers along the edge of the cap. The bearded row has a mild smell and taste.
Row brown: similar to other species of the genus, which have a dark brown cap color. But in the brown row, it gravitates more towards red-brown or yellow-brown. Vertical dark brown stripes can be seen along the outer concave edge of the cap. With increased humidity, mucus forms on the surface of the leg. The pulp is dense, the smell is mealy, and the taste is bitter.

weed lepista, or dirty (weed row, titmouse): the species belongs to the rows, but is not yet sufficiently studied. Her hat is dark gray, sometimes with a lilac tint. The size can reach 8 cm in diameter. The flesh is not fleshy, but thin and fragile. Very often hats fade. They are often confused with the purple row, but there is no danger in this: both mushrooms are edible.
Row green, or greenfinch, or lemon: the color of the fruiting body varies from greenish-yellow to light green. Sometimes there are fruiting bodies of bright yellow color. When processed, the color does not disappear. In the center of the cap is a dark gray spot covered with scales. Often cracks around the edge. The flesh is light lemon in color, darkens when broken, has the smell of fresh flour. Grows only under coniferous trees.
Row naked, or purple: harvested in autumn. The appearance repels mushroom pickers, because a bright color in nature, in particular, usually has poisonous fruits, both in plants and in mushrooms. But this species is conditionally edible. It differs from the lilac-legged rowing in the uniform color of the hat, and the legs in purple. The pulp has a pleasant anise smell. This species is classified as a typical saprophyte.

Mushroom caps come in different colors:

violet;
blue;
Lilac;
Pink;
redhead;
Orange.

They also distinguish the types of trees with which they create mycorrhiza. According to this criterion, the rowing mushroom enters into a symbiotic relationship and forms mycorrhiza with the following types of deciduous trees:

Birch;
Aspen;
Alder.

However, rows rarely form mycorrhiza with oak and prefer birch and conifers for this purpose. Tasty and juicy fruit bodies grow under pines and aspens.

Inedible species

Edible rows must be able to distinguish from inedible ones, because they cause intestinal disorders or poisoning.

Row fibrous: the fruiting bodies of the species are considered inedible due to their pungent taste. Outwardly, it looks like a gray row, which has the inherent taste and smell of flour.
Row tiger, or leopard: very dangerous for humans, because. capable of causing severe poisoning. The color of the cap is silver-blue with gray longitudinal scales. In the middle there is a convex tubercle. The plates are olive green. On the leg of mushrooms of the tiger rowing species, it has a characteristic powdery coating. The fruit body deceives novice mushroom pickers with a pleasant smell of pulp.
Soap row: got its name because of the smell of the specific smell of the pulp, which resembles cheap soap. Mushrooms of this species have a hemispherical cap with a wavy edge. On the outer circle, its color is light gray, towards the center it darkens down to the color of dark copper. The leg is gray, long. At the break, the flesh turns red. When cooking, the unpleasant smell only intensifies.
Row pointed, or mouse, or stinging, or striped: outwardly similar to a row of earthy-gray. It contains some muscarine in the pulp, which is classified as a strong poison. But the main differences of the dangerous species are:

Umbrella shape of the cap and a pointed hill in the middle.
Bitter taste, powdery smell.
The color of the cap is heterogeneous, sometimes with white patches. Mucous surface in wet weather.

Row spotted, or ruined, or speckled: slightly venomous. Outwardly similar to edible, but differs from safe rows in small dark purple or gray spots on the cap closer to the edge. There is also mucus on the cap, and the leg is fibrous. It darkens when touched and when broken. When eaten, it can cause gastrointestinal upset.
Smelly row: in Russia, cases of poisoning by this species are known, although the area of \u200b\u200bgrowth is limited to the Amur Region:

The fruiting body of the species is completely white. The hat is prostrate with a tubercle in the middle and uneven edges. System of plates (hymenophore) fused with the cap.
The poisonous pulp has the smell of lighting gas or tar, for which the species got its name. A dangerous toxin causes auditory and visual hallucinations.

Row spruce sultry: very similar to edible greenfinch. She has a dirty green-yellowish hat color. It is often confused with milk mushrooms, but they form mycorrhiza with deciduous trees, and sultry - only with representatives of conifers. Adults of this row have a funnel in the center of the cap.

Types of unclear etiology

Among the varieties of the mushroom of the genus Ryadovka, there are also unidentified ones that look like representatives of other families:

Elm row: the species is similar in type of growth to honey mushrooms. They grow on fruit trees, have light or white-yellow caps. The scientific name is elm lyophyllum or elm oyster mushroom.
Smoky talker: belongs to that family Ryadovkovye, but to another genus - Govorushka.

Beneficial features

Representatives of different species belonging to the genus Ryadovka contain vitamins A, group B, PP, E. The pulp contains thiamine and riboflavin, as well as useful trace elements calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, phosphorus, zinc. The chitin and fiber contained in the cell walls cleanse the intestines of toxins.

Forest gifts are not a low-calorie product, they are quickly saturated. For 100 g from 30 to 40 kcal. There are almost no fats and carbohydrates in the pulp, most of the mass is occupied by water and protein. Forest species contain all types of amino acids (including essential ones) that a person needs for normal life.

Row mushrooms with regular use:

strengthen immunity;
lower the level of cholesterol in the vessels;
improve vision;
work as antioxidants;
lower blood sugar levels.

Application

Row mushrooms are widely used in cooking and medicine. But before using the fruiting bodies for medicinal purposes, be sure to consult your doctor.

In cooking

Edible varieties of rowing mushrooms are bitter if not properly processed. It includes soaking cold water within a few days. At the same time, the water is regularly (2-3 times a day) drained and filled with new water. Then the fruit bodies are boiled for 20 minutes in salted water. As a result, the bitterness goes away.

Popular processing methods:

salting for snacks;
pickling;
canning for the winter;
some types are fried after boiling.

It is not advisable to dry row mushrooms: the pulp without processing will be bitter and tough, therefore it is not suitable for food. Fresh fruiting bodies are stored in the refrigerator for up to 3 days, salted - up to 3 months. The longest stored without loss of quality and harm to health rows in deep freezing and canned with sterilization - up to 1 year.

In medicine

In rowing, the useful properties are not limited to attractive taste and the presence of a significant amount of trace elements and vitamins in the pulp. The benefit of the genus for medicine lies in the possibility of using them to obtain antibiotics in the near future. So, in the pulp of matsutake (shod or spotted row) substances were found from which antibiotics and antitumor substances will soon be obtained.

The people consider the species useful for tuberculosis patients, but official medicine does not confirm the data. Also, tinctures from dried fruits are used as skin lotions. Ointments and infusions with mushroom extract have long been used to rejuvenate the skin.

Contraindications

people with diseases of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract;
To old people;
children under 7 years old;
people with allergies or individual intolerance;
Mycelium is planted in autumn at temperatures below +15℃.
For better aeration, mushrooms need ordering.
For creating necessary conditions, beds are sheltered from the sun and rain.
When a new mycelium is formed, soil is added.
After each harvest, it is necessary to add fresh soil.

Conclusion

There are row mushrooms edible and inedible. Sometimes it is difficult to establish the belonging of a fungus to a particular species due to the external similarity of several species. If the mushroom picker is not sure about the quality or belonging to one of edible species He shouldn't risk his health. Matsutake, which grows in the eastern regions of Russia, is considered a delicacy.

Picking mushrooms or quiet hunting is a very exciting and rewarding activity. They are tasty and healthy, if, of course, you know exactly the “correct” mushroom, that is, competently approach this activity in order to avoid sad consequences.

Simultaneously with edible mushrooms, poisonous counterparts also come out.

Difference and description of rows

Row mushrooms in nature are found both poisonous and edible, but they can be eaten only after careful processing (after boiling). They are quite difficult to distinguish, since they are very similar in appearance, so before collecting it is important to study the photo and description of row mushrooms.

So, poisonous mushrooms have even hats, which are painted exclusively white and have an unpleasant pungent odor.

Edible ones look more attractive - in various colors (pink, purple, lilac, gray and similar colors), with a stem of the corresponding shade. Under the mushroom cap are bright yellow plates. If you cut the mushroom lengthwise, you can see that the flesh will be the same color as the plates.

Row mushrooms can be found in autumn (from September to the very end of October) in the forest on the surface of the forest floor or on the soil among the moss. They especially bear fruit in large "friendly" groups after the first autumn frosts.

According to the description of experienced mushroom pickers, rows, or rather some of their types, have an exceptional unique taste, but each of them is worth a try.

The main types of rows

The row family includes more than 2 thousand species, but not all of them grow in Russia. Here are the most common ones:

Violet - edible rows on a dense stem thickened to the bottom with a flat convex hat, the edges of which are bent inward. The color of this species necessarily has a shade of purple.

The pulp of the fungus is fleshy and dense with a pleasant smell, over time it burns out and becomes light and hollow.

Row goose or two-color. The mushroom is cream or beige in color, dense with a cap diameter of a maximum of 15 centimeters. Whitish plates under the hat are quite often located.

The giant row or white pig lives up to its name, that is, a large mushroom with a large massive hat (diameter about 40 centimeters).

The skin is white in color and covered with small scales. The cap is wrapped inside the mushroom in the form of a funnel. A short thick leg is covered with white villi with a coating in the form of flour.

A special type of mushrooms are May rows or St. George's mushroom. The name is directly related to fruiting immediately after the snow melts in May; you can find them in almost any forest belt.

This species is quite unpretentious and does not require special conditions for growth. But with the onset of the summer season, the mushroom completely disappears.

Georgiev mushroom has no competitors, since the bulk of the crop usually falls on the autumn season, and its color cannot be overlooked.

Properties and uses of row mushrooms

Edible rows contain a large amount of B vitamins, manganese and zinc and have antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. Tuberculosis patients benefit from the pulp of the fungus, but do not forget about the preliminary consultation of specialists. It is important to know that gray rows can cause acute poisoning of the body!

Ryadovki can be eaten in any version: stewed, salted, fried, pickled and boiled forms of processing. You can collect and cook both young and mature specimens.

Pre-harvest must be properly cleaned, then rinsed thoroughly running water and boil for about 20 minutes in salted water.

If you properly cook this type of mushroom, their taste resembles the taste of boiled meat, which is why fragrant mushroom caviar is made from them.

Mushroom suitable for diet food and belongs to vegetarian cuisine.

Its calorie content is quite low (19 kcal) and successfully harmonizes with carbohydrates.

In practice, it has been proven that regular use of rows blunts the growth and reproduction of dangerous cancer cells, calms nervous system and enhances human immunity. On their basis, even a number of drugs for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and some antibiotics are made.

Traditional medicine uses a specimen for the preparation of medicinal tinctures, healing ointments and lotions. To remove acne and irritation of the skin, cosmetologists use powder from dried rows.

Mushroom lovers need to know that in diseases of the stomach, gallbladder and similar diseases, rows should not be abused too much in order to prevent exacerbations, abdominal pain and heaviness on the stomach.

Photo of row mushroom

Ryadovka is the collective name of mushrooms belonging to the lamellar genus, the Ryadovkovy family. More than 2500 members of this family have been classified. Most of the rows are edible, but there are also poisonous mushrooms. Edible rows include: gray row, poplar row, giant row, scaly row, massive row, matsutake, purple-legged row, yellow row. Most of them are classified as conditionally edible mushrooms.

Row mushroom loves to grow on sandy soil in mixed or coniferous forests. Fruits, mainly from August to October. Edible rowan mushrooms have a pleasant taste. They are pickled, salted, fried, pre-processed (boil for 30 minutes). But it is better to collect young mushrooms for food, since mature rows have a bitter taste. These mushrooms are of great value for tuberculosis patients, but it is better to use them after consulting specialists. You should not give these mushrooms, as well as others, to children.

Mushroom photo

Row mushrooms (photo), the main difference of which is the color of the cap, forms mycorrhiza with coniferous trees. Often they can be seen growing in a row or in a circle. Ryadovka (photo) has healing properties. They are used in the preparation of antibiotics.

Row purple- good edible mushroom, the hallmark of which is the color of the hat. It is also called the violet row for the purple hue of the skin on the hat. The hat itself reaches 15 cm in diameter. In young mushrooms, it has the shape of a hemisphere, in mature ones, with an almost flat hat shape, the edges remain bent to the bottom. The flesh of the cap is dense, with a purple tint in young mushrooms. The smell has floral shades. The mushroom plates are wide and free. The stem may be slightly paler than the cap. The height reaches 8 cm, and the thickness is 2 cm. Another name for this type of rowing is the purple-legged rowing.

Row poplar belongs to category 3 mushrooms. Its other name is poplar mushroom. It is also a rather large mushroom, having a cap up to 15 cm in adulthood. In young mushrooms, it has the shape of a hemisphere, sometimes rounded-cone-shaped, while in mature mushrooms, the cap becomes flatter with a small notch in the center. The edges of the cap are usually uneven with cracks. The color of the skin varies from yellow to terracotta, with lightened edges. To the touch, the skin is sticky with sticky litter. The stem reaches 6 cm in length, 3 cm in diameter. The shape can be cylindrical, sometimes spindle-shaped. Slightly widened towards the base. The pulp of the mushroom is dense, white.

Row poisonous- the Russian version of the name of the row, which is better known as the tiger or leopard row. The mushroom owes such an unusual name to gray scales that densely dotted the hat. The cap itself has a silvery bluish tint with a black tubercle in the center. Young mushrooms have off-white plates with greenish tint later painted olive grey. The leg has a powdery coating. Prefers to grow on calcareous soils alone or in circles. This type of rowing causes severe gastrointestinal poisoning. The main danger of the fungus is its pleasant smell, which does not at all resemble a poisonous mushroom. In case of poisoning, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea appear already in the first 15 minutes after ingestion.

Row gray differs from its relatives in a pale gray hat, sometimes with a purple tint. The shape of young mushrooms is conical-convex, and later acquires a flat shape with a flat tubercle in the center. The surface is smooth, but as it matures, cracks appear. The leg of the gray row is white or grayish. The smooth surface can sometimes be covered with flakes. The flesh of the fungus may have a yellowish tint, but is more often grayish-white. It has a pleasant taste and powdery smell. With a row of gray, a great similarity is found in the earthy row. But the difference is the fibrous-scaly cap and rarer plates. Inexperienced mushroom pickers often confuse a gray row with a poisonous fibrous row, which has a thinner skin on an ash-gray hat (it is white-gray in an edible one) and a burning flesh.

Brown row or sweetie- although it looks like a very attractive mushroom, it is considered inedible by many because of the bitter taste of its pulp. The color of the cap is more of a reddish-brown. The skin is dry to the touch, with small scales. The edges are usually lighter than the middle, in the center of which there is a blunt tubercle. The plates are wide and frequent. At the beginning of development, they are white, then they acquire a red-brown hue with spots. The pulp of the mushroom is dense, white, slightly fibrous. Grows in close proximity to pine trees.

Row red more commonly known as pine or yellow-red honey agaric, it belongs to category 4 conditionally edible mushrooms. It is harvested at the beginning of ripening, as more mature mushrooms develop an unpleasant aftertaste. In appearance, it differs in a more massive, slightly curved leg with a thickened base. The mushroom cap is orange-yellow. It is velvety to the touch and covered with reddish fibrous scales. The flesh is bright yellow in color, thick and dense in the cap, and more fibrous in the stem. Bitter in taste. It has a sour smell, reminiscent of rotten wood.

Row yellow or a beautiful (decorated) rowing is slightly smaller in size than the rest of the family. Quite a rare mushroom. There is practically no tubercle on the olive-yellow cap, but the center of the cap is painted in a darker color. In mature mushrooms, it acquires an almost flat shape, with jagged edges. The plates are yellow, frequent and narrow. The stem has a small diameter - only 1 cm in mature mushrooms. Thickened at the base. Small scales are visible on the surface. The leg is hollow inside. The color of the pulp is yellow on the cap and brown on the stem. It has a pleasant woody aroma, but a bitter aftertaste. He likes to grow on the remains of trees, rotten trees, in small groups.

Rows of photos and descriptions of which must be studied by everyone who likes to go on a "quiet hunt". In nature, rows are found both edible and poisonous.

Rows got their name from the fact that they grow in long rows or witch circles. The scientific name for the fungus is tricholoma. They are representatives of the ordinary family, the agaric order, the Agaricomycete class, the Basidiomycete division.

Description and differences

Even edible representatives of this species must be carefully cooked before being eaten. However, they are very similar to their poisonous counterparts. Consider distinctive features edible and poisonous rows:

In poisonous species, the caps are even, only white in color and an unpleasant pungent odor emanates from them.
Edible rows of hats can be different: purple, grey, pink or purple. The legs match the shade of the hat. The plates under the cap are bright yellow, the flesh in the section is the same color as the plates.
Friendly groups of mushrooms can be found in autumn (September-October) and especially after the first autumn frosts. Their favorite places to germinate are the soil among the moss or the surface of the forest floor.

Varieties edible rows

purple(Lepista nuda)

A mushroom from the representatives of the Ryadovkov family from the genus Lepista. They also call her lepista purple or naked. In the common people, it is sometimes called a titmouse for its lilac-blue color. This mushroom is conditionally edible.

The hat in diameter can reach 20 cm. Initially, its shape is hemispherical (like a bun), in the process of ripening it becomes flat, and the edges are thin and curved.
The color of the cap is brown-violet, in the process of growth it becomes lighter, starting from the edges. To the touch it is dense, fleshy and elastic. It is smooth and moist, in places it shines.
The pulp is firm, thick, has a pleasant taste and smell. The shade is marbled, lilac-blue, which fades over time.
The plates are thin, often located. Their color varies from bright purple to light purple.
The leg has the shape of a cylinder, reaches a height of 10 cm, and a diameter of 0.7 to 2.5 cm. Bright purple at the beginning of growth and whitish or pale purple towards the end, its surface is fibrous.
Purple rowing grows in coniferous forests (less often in mixed forests), in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere (European part of Russia, Siberia). Not whimsical.
Collection can be carried out from the beginning of September to the end of November, before the onset of the first frost.
Before using the purple row, it must be boiled for 10-20 minutes.

Important! This mushroom has an inedible counterpart - goat web. It is bitter in taste, has a musty smell and yellow flesh.

Gray(Tricholoma portentosum)

Grows in groups in coniferous or mixed forests.
Collection season - September-November.

The cap reaches a diameter of 5-12 cm, sometimes 16 cm. The surface is grayish brown in the center, sometimes with a purple or olive tint, and the edges are light gray or cream. The radial fibers are darker in the middle. Often there is a flat tubercle in the center of the cap.
The short grayish-yellowish stem reaches 5-12 cm in height and 1-2.5 cm in thickness, thickened at the base, covered with powdery coating at the top.
The pulp at the beginning of growth is solid, later grooved, dense, has a whitish tint. A powdery smell and taste are inherent in young specimens, and over time, the aroma becomes even pungent. The flesh under the skin of the cap is gray.
The plates are free or straight and attached with a tooth to the stem. They may be white, cream or gray-yellow, with yellowish spots as they age.
Mushrooms are edible, but they need to be boiled in two waters to remove the pungent odor. It is better to collect young specimens. cook like this: boiled, fried or salted.

The gray row can be confused with the soap row (Tricholoma saponaceum). It is similar in shape and color, but at a young age. It can be distinguished only by the specific soapy smell of the pulp.

crowded(Lyophyllum decastes)

It grows in large groups in forests, parks, gardens, lawns, near stumps, on soil rich in humus.
Collection season - July - October.

The hemispherical hat can reach a diameter of up to 4-14 cm, becomes convex as it grows. These mushrooms grow so densely that their bases are sometimes difficult to separate.
The hat can be brown or gray-brown, the edges are down, wavy. The surface itself is uneven and bumpy. Often a wide tubercle is located in the center.
The leg reaches a height of 4-10 cm, and a thickness of 6-20 cm, can be bent or compacted. Completely white above, and towards the bottom it can acquire a light gray or gray-brown hue.
The flesh is white, has a pleasant taste and smell, thickened in the center.
Narrow plates adherent, often located. They are white or off-white in color.
Row crowded belongs to category 4 edible mushrooms. Description of preparation: they can be fried, salted or pickled.

Twisted row is similar to poisonous yellowish-gray entoloma (Entoloma lividum). Their similarity is in the hat, which has wavy edges and the same gray-brown color. These 2 types of mushrooms differ in that the pulp of entoloma has a specific smell of flour and it grows separately, and not as a row in a large team.

Pigeon(Tricholoma columbetta)

It lives in deciduous or mixed forests, prefers wet areas. They can grow both in a group and singly.
Collected from July to October.

The cap is dry, smooth, grows in diameter up to 3-10 cm, sometimes up to 15 cm. At first it is hemispherical, as it grows, it becomes convex-prostrate. Its surface is bumpy or strongly wavy, white-cream or ivory. This is the most significant difference of this type of mushroom. There are yellowish spots in the center.
The leg can be 5-12 cm high, up to 2.5 cm thick. It is dense and elastic, has the shape of a cylinder, slightly narrowed towards the bottom.
The pulp of the pigeon row is dense and fleshy, as it grows it becomes pink, also turns pink at the break. The smell is mealy, and the taste is pleasant mushroom.
The plates are attached to the stem, and then free, often located.
It is an edible mushroom (category 4) and can be boiled and fried.

At the initial stage of growth, the pigeon row is similar to the gray row, also edible, but with a different pleasant aroma. In the process of growth, the changes are more noticeable, due to the gray color of the hat in the gray row.

yellow-red(Tricholomopsis rutilans)

Large groups are found in mixed or coniferous forests. Prefer rotten pine or spruce stumps and fallen trees.
Collected from July to September.

The hat in diameter can reach 5-15 cm. Initially, it has the shape of a sharp bell-shaped cap. As it grows, it becomes convex with a tubercle in the center, and the edges are bent down. Mature specimens have a prostrate hat, with a slightly depressed middle. The difference of this species is the red-cherry color of the cap in young mushrooms and yellowish-red in more mature ones. Obtuse tubercle, which becomes depressed over time, always of a darker shade.
The leg reaches 4-10 cm in height, can be up to 2 cm thick. It has a cylindrical shape, with a thickened base, often hollow inside. At the base, the leg is yellow with red scales, the middle part is more intense in color, the rest is the same color as the cap.
The pulp has a sweetish taste and a slight sour smell. It is dense and fibrous, yellow in color with light cream spores.
The plates are adherent, thin and sinuous, golden or egg-colored. yellow colors.
This species is edible, belongs to the 4th category, can be pickled or salted.

Yellow-red rowing is a rare species, in some regions it is listed in the Red Book.

inedible row types

Pseudo white(Tricholoma pseudoalbum)

It lives singly or in small groups in mixed or deciduous forests.
Grows from August to October.

The hat at the beginning of growth is hemispherical, later becomes convex, reaches a diameter of 3-8 cm. Its color is white, cream or slightly pinkish.
The leg grows up to 3-9 cm in height and 1.5 cm in width. It is the same shade as the hat: white, pinkish or creamy white.
The flesh has a powdery smell, at first growth is white, then slightly yellowish.
Cream-colored plates, at first slightly adherent, and then almost free.
It has an unpleasant taste, so it is not eaten.

This species is similar in shape and size to the May row (Tricholoma gambosa). But the latter has greenish or pale pink areas on the hat.

smelly(Tricholoma inamoenum)

Grows in groups or singly in wet areas of deciduous or mixed forests.
The growing season is from June to October.

The cap usually reaches 3-8 cm in diameter, but can grow up to 15 cm. Its surface is smooth, often bumpy, ivory or white, and brownish or yellowish spots appear as it grows. At the beginning of growth, the cap has a hemispherical shape, and with age it becomes convex prostrate, with slightly wavy edges.
The length of the leg grows up to 5-15 cm, and the thickness is up to 2 cm. It has a cylindrical shape, elastic and dense, the color is identical to the hat.
The white flesh is fleshy and dense. Representatives of this species are distinguished by a strong smelly smell, which is inherent in both young and old mushrooms. The smell is similar to lighting gas.
Adherent plates of medium frequency, may be white or cream.
Because of the stench, these mushrooms are not edible. Even boiling does not eliminate it.

Often at the beginning of growth, you can confuse the smelly row with edible sulfur (Tricholoma portentosum). But it justifies the name and the stinky smell is hard not to notice. And the gray row has a pleasant mushroom aroma.

Beneficial features

Edible rows- dietary and very useful product. It promotes liver regeneration, has a positive effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, and removes toxins from the body.

Rich chemical composition mushrooms:

from vitamins: group B, A, K, PP, C, D2, D7 and betaine;
from minerals: sodium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganese;
from amino acids: threonine, alanine, phenylalanine, lysine, glutamic, stearic and asperganic acids;
phenols;
clitocin and fomecin, which are natural antibiotics and fight cancer cells and bacteria;
flavonoids;
polysaccharides;
ergosterol.

Chemical analysis of edible row mushrooms confirms their anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant properties and positive influence for immunity.

In addition, in the complex treatment of certain diseases, mushrooms have a positive effect. At:

diabetes mellitus;
arrhythmias;
rheumatism;
osteoporosis;
jumps in blood pressure;
oncological diseases;
diseases of the genitourinary system;
diseases of the nervous system.

Harm and contraindications

Overgrown mushrooms should not be consumed because they can accumulate atmospheric pollution and heavy metals. They will do more harm than good.
With the abuse of rows, pain, heaviness in the abdomen and flatulence can occur.
With diseases of the gallbladder, pancreatitis, cholecystitis and diseases of the housing and communal services, a large number of mushrooms of this species should not be eaten.

Symptoms and signs of row poisoning

Symptoms of poisoning with inedible rows, like other poisonous mushrooms, are very similar. They appear 1-3 hours after eating mushrooms:

pain in the stomach;
weakness;
increased salivation;
vomit;
diarrhea;
nausea;
headache.

Poison rows often do not cause delusions, hallucinations and confusion. But even with the appearance of the first symptoms of this nature, it is necessary to consult a doctor.

Row mushrooms are considered delicacy species in many countries. Therefore, some of them are grown as export commodities.
Growing at home resembles mushroom cultivation and is not difficult.
In cosmetology, powder from the dried fruiting bodies of the fungus is often used. They are added to various products that help fight excessive oily skin and acne.
The Japanese matsutake mushroom is as highly valued as the European truffle. This fried mushroom is an expensive delicacy, as some specimens can cost as much as $100.

Watch the video! Row white in the forest. How to recognize

What does the white line look like? This numerous mushroom has a sharp unpleasant odor. Ryadovka white - poisonous inedible agaric mushroom.
In autumn, mushroom pickers often come across small strong white mushrooms. Most likely, this is a white row or white tricholoma. Ryadovka perfectly disguises itself as other mushrooms. From a distance, she looks like a mushroom, a talker. Tricholoma white can be mistaken even for a young White mushroom. But one has only to cut off this miracle, as everything becomes clear - the mushroom has a sharp unpleasant odor.

Some mushroom pickers believe that white tricholoma smells like radish, to others it resembles the smell of gas. It seems to me that this is a peculiar unpleasant specific smell. Unfortunately, there are mushroom pickers who sometimes put this foul-smelling mushroom in baskets.

Of course, this is not poisonous rowing, causing severe poisoning. But a few unpleasant hours a white line can deliver. Even after prolonged heat treatment, bitterness and bad smell do not disappear. Some lovers of mushroom snacks manage to get poisoned by this inedible row.

Where does the white row grow?

It is found mainly in birch forests. There are few groups and single specimens. White tricholoma grows not only in dense forests, quite often it appears in groves, park areas and meadows.

When a white row appears

Fruiting starts at last days August. Beautiful white inedible fruiting bodies disappear immediately after the first frost. The most abundant fruiting occurs in the last ten days of September.

Description of the row of white

I want to note that you can learn to identify mushrooms only in the forest with an experienced mushroom picker. No description, even photographs, give a real and complete picture of the representatives of the mushroom kingdom.

The hat does not grow more than eight centimeters in diameter. In a young row, it is convex, but gradually straightens. In an adult mushroom, the edge is wrapped down. Dry skin is smooth to the touch, painted in white-cream color. The overgrowth has light ocher spots on the hat. Winding and frequent white plates are located under the hat.
Thick flesh is white. When broken, the color gradually becomes pink. There is a strong unpleasant odor. The smell is very similar to the smell of musty mold.
Dense cylindrical leg. She is painted white. Near the base, the stalk is noticeably widened. Sometimes a white coating appears in the upper part.

What kind of poisoning causes a row of white

This row is considered slightly poisonous. It can lead to gastrointestinal disorders. Two hours after poisoning, weakness and sweating, nausea and vomiting, pain in the stomach, and diarrhea appear. Sometimes poisoning is accompanied by fainting.