Methodical development “Outdoor games as the main form of motor activity of preschoolers. Features of outdoor games with preschool children

Municipal government institution of additional education "Center for additional education"

Methodical development

"Outdoor games as the main form motor activity preschoolers "

Compiled by: Voronina Elena Valerievna

Revda, 2016

Introduction

Federal state standard preschool education developed taking into account the basic principles, including: the implementation of the program in forms specific to children of this age group, primarily in the form of play, cognitive and research activities, in the form of creative activity, ensuring the artistic and aesthetic development of the child. [ 2]

According to the definition of domestic psychologists (L. S. Vygotsky, A. V. Zaporozhets, A. N. Leontyev), play is a leading activity in preschool age, due to which significant changes occur in the child's psyche.

Play contributes to the physical, mental, moral and aesthetic development of the child. Various movements and actions of children during the game, with skillful guidance, effectively affect the activity of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, help to strengthen nervous system, the motor apparatus, improving the general metabolism, increasing the activity of all organs and systems of the human body, stimulate appetite and promote sound sleep.

Our children live in a constantly changing reality. The exciting courtyard games were replaced by no less exciting computer games. Many guys stopped going out into the yard, preferring sedentary activities: computer games, classes with constructors, watching cartoons. For a child sedentary image life is a loss of health, impaired physical and intellectual development.

Thus, an acute problem of finding ways of physical improvement of preschoolers has ripened, effective means development of the child's motor sphere, the development of interest in movement as a vital need to be dexterous, strong, courageous.It is necessary to solve this problem in the aggregate of social and pedagogical conditions that ensure a holistic educational process, harmonious, physical and personal development of the child. This is facilitated by the game forms of organizing the motor activity of children. [ 5 ]

Characteristics of outdoor play as the main form of motor activity of preschoolers

An outdoor play is a movement-based play.The goal setting and types of activities of the players are determined by the plot (concept, theme) of the given game. The rules clarify the rights and obligations of the participants, determine the methods of maintaining and recording the results of the game. Outdoor games are characterized by independent, creative motor actions (with or without objects), performed within the framework of the rules. The plot, rules, and motional actions constitute the content of an outdoor game. The content of the game determines its form, i.e. such an organization of the actions of the participants, which provides an opportunity for a wide choice of ways to achieve the set goal, to satisfy the very process of the game.

In older preschool age, along with plot-driven outdoor games, games without a plot take a large place: children practice running, jumping, and maintaining balance.Their movements are subject to stricter rules. The motive of the game is often competition (for example, who will reach the flag faster). The games of children of older groups are mostly collective. The teacher and the children themselves strictly monitor the exact implementation of the rules. All children's games are developed under the guidance of adults. Teachers introduce children to the life around them, enrich them with impressions, and assist in organizing and conducting games.

2. Types of outdoor games

Outdoor games are divided into elementary and complex.Elementary, in turn, are divided into plot and plotless, fun games, attractions. Story games(for example: "Two Frosts", "Where are you a cunning fox?") have a ready plot and firmly fixed rules. The plot reflects the phenomena of the surrounding life (labor actions of people, traffic, movements and habits of animals, birds, etc.), game actions are associated with the development of the plot and with the role played by the child. The rules determine the beginning and end of the movement, determine the behavior and relationships of the players, and clarify the course of the game. Obedience to the rules is compulsory for everyone.

Narrative outdoor games are predominantly collective (in small groups and the whole group).Games of this kind are used in all age groups. Plotless outdoor games for example: "Traps", "Runs" do not have a plot, images, but are similar to the plot by the presence of rules, roles, the interdependence of the game actions of all participants. These games are associated with the fulfillment of a specific motor task and require from children a great deal of independence, speed, dexterity, and orientation in space.

In older preschool age, outdoor games with elements of competition (individual and group) are widely used, for example: "Whose team will get together faster", "Who is the first through the hoop to the flag", etc.The elements of the competition encourage more activity in the fulfillment of motor tasks. In some games ("Change the subject", "Who is faster to the ball"), each child plays for himself and tries to complete the task as best as possible. If these games are divided into teams (relay games), then the child seeks to complete the task in order to improve the result of the team.

Plotless games also include games using objects (pins, serso, ring throwand etc.).Motor tasks in these games require certain conditions, so they are carried out with small groups of children. The rules in such games are aimed at the order of placing objects, using them, the sequence of actions of the players. In these games, elements of competition are observed in order to achieve the best results.

In games-amusements, amusements, motor tasks are performed in unusual conditions and often include an element of competition, while several children perform motor tasks (running in bags,?, Etc.), the rest of the children are spectators.Fun games, attractions give the audience a lot of joy.

Complex outdoor games include sports games (small towns, badminton, table tennis, basketball, volleyball, football, hockey).In preschool age, elements of these games are used and children play according to simplified rules.

Outdoor games also differ in their motor content: games with running, jumping, throwing, etc.By degree physical activity, which each player receives, distinguish between games of high, medium and low mobility. Games of great mobility include those in which the whole group of children participates at the same time and they are built mainly on such movements as running and jumping. Games of medium mobility are those in which the whole group also actively participates, but the nature of the movements of the players is relatively calm (walking, passing objects) or the movement is performed by subgroups. In games of low mobility, movements are performed at a slow pace, moreover, their intensity is insignificant.

The flexible application of well-known classification principles provides teachers with the broadest opportunities for rational use the game method for the development of physical activity, whether it is the task of the predominant development of physical qualities or the formation and improvement of coordinated and economical movements, the formation of the ability to quickly enter the required rhythm and tempo of physical activity, deftly, quickly and expediently perform various motor tasks that in a certain way meet the requirements that presents vital practical activity.

The introduction of a child to physical education is important not only from the point of view of strengthening their health, but also for developing a habit of playing sports.Many children find it difficult to get out of a warm bed to exercise. But time passes, a week or two, and the baby jumps up briskly at the first sounds of a sports march or other music accompanying morning exercises. A conditional dynamic stereotype of behavior is developed, which brings a certain rhythm to the morning routine and does not require additional volitional efforts.

It is quite possible for parents to conduct such games at home, in the yard, in the country or on a walk, during which children acquire vital skills and develop physically.Over time, physical exercise becomes a favorite game for children, in which everything is interesting: new achievements, and the competitiveness of games, and the participation of parents. Any load begins to be perceived easily and with curiosity, even cold load, without which hardening is impossible.

It is important for educators to be creative in conducting educational activities directly on physical culture and, if necessary, independently compose play tasks containing such types of movements that the child especially needs at the moment.

Outdoor games play an important role in the mental and physical development of the child.A variety of outdoor games help to develop various muscle groups of the body, coordination of movements, and promote the development of speech and thinking. But in order for the effect of the game to be positive, it is necessary, when choosing it, to take into account the physiological characteristics of children of different ages; In many ways, the success of the game depends on the choice of the place of its holding and the preparation of this place for the game, the explanation of the rules, the division into teams and the choice of the drivers. As for the dosage during the game, excessive muscle tension is not recommended, it is advisable to provide optimal loads. Intense loads should be alternated with rest.

A variety of motor actions in outdoor games contributes to the normal physical development, strengthening the health of children preschool age.

3. The content and methodology of the games in different age groups

Each age has its own outdoor games kindergarten, which take into account the psychological and physiological characteristics of a particular age. The organization of events involves compulsory games in kindergarten, when both fairy-tale characters and the children themselves become participants in entertaining and playful actions. After the games in the kindergarten, both children and parents will be satisfied! That is why the competent organization of games in kindergarten will give every child unforgettable emotions. [ 6]

The selection and planning of outdoor games depends on the working conditions of each age group: the general level of physical and mental development of children, their motor skills; the state of health of each child, his individual typological characteristics; seasons, features of the regime, location, interests of children.

Playing a familiar game, children themselves remember its basic rules and course. If there is a need to clarify something, the teacher does this, emphasizing the most responsible, important points.

Depending on the plot, the game is played simultaneously with all children or with a small subgroup. Acquaintance with a new story-driven mobile game - given after preliminary work. As a preliminary work, you can use:

reading works of art; conversations, watching films and videos;

organization of observation of nature, animal habits, the activities of people of various professions (drivers, firefighters, athletes, etc.);

preparation of the attributes of the game (together with children or in their presence).

In the explanation of a non-plot game, the sequence of game actions, rules and signals, an indication of the location of the players and game attributes, using spatial terminology (in junior gr. - with orientation to the subject, in art. - without them) is revealed.

Explanation of games with elements of competition includes clarification of the rules, game techniques, competition conditions ("Who will run to the chair faster", "Whose team will not drop the ball", etc.), you can divide the children into teams, at the end evaluate the result;

Roles are assigned using a counting machine or at will (in junior group - driver - educator);

Summing up, it is very important to assess the positive qualities of children, name those who successfully performed their roles, showed courage, endurance, mutual assistance, creativity, and then analyze the reasons for violating the rules.

It is possible to increase interest in the game, complicate mental and physical tasks, improve movements, increase the psychophysical qualities of a child using the variability of outdoor games.

An outdoor game is carried out at each physical education lesson; at the same time, as before, special attention is paid to the education of endurance, perseverance, the formation of the ability to show volitional and physical efforts. For this purpose, it is necessary to organize such outdoor games in which the overall result of the team depends on the result of each (relay games, games with elements of competition, exercises on the obstacle course). It is advisable to carry out the same game in at least two sessions, providing for such a combination with physical exercises so that overloading of the same muscle groups does not occur.

4. Variety of games

There are various options for outdoor games.Variation allows them to be used more expediently, taking into account the preparedness of children. Outdoor games can be gradually made more difficult, but the sequence of actions and episodes remains constant. Changes must always be justified.

It is possible, for example, to complicate motor tasks by increasing the distance (for running, jumping, throwing), or to introduce new types of movements (walking and running between objects, on the bridge in the game "Train", etc.). Changes in the pace of movement, an increase in the number of "Traps", the number of children in the subgroup, the complication of the rules (for example, first everyone runs and takes any place, and then only a certain one).Another example: in one version, children help the teacher to catch mice, in another, more complex one, they independently perform the role of a cat. The interactions of the players also become more complicated: at first, the children simply run, and then they run away from the catcher ("Traps", "Traps with ribbons", "Traps squatting", "Do not stay on the floor").

Variants of outdoor games can be created by the teacher himself, taking into account the level of mental and physical development of children in his group and providing for a gradual increase in the requirements for them.Children themselves can be involved in drawing up new versions of the game, especially in older groups.

The structure of games, their rules provide for a reasonable alternation of active actions of children with rest. However, their duration and intensity are not stable.Using the plot and rules of the game, the educator, at his discretion, can increase or decrease the duration of the episodes of the game, set their change, and increase the intensity of movements.

Conclusion

In the play activity of children, two very important factors are objectively combined: on the one hand, children are involved in practical activities, develop physically, get used to acting independently; on the other hand, they receive moral and aesthetic satisfaction from this activity, deepen their knowledge of their environment. All this ultimately contributes to the education of the individual as a whole.

Children of all ages have a great need for play, and it is very important to use outdoor play not only to improve motor skills, but also to educate all aspects of the child's personality. A well-thought-out method of outdoor games helps to reveal the individual abilities of the child, helps to raise him healthy, vigorous, cheerful, active, able to independently and creatively solve a variety of problems.

Thus, play is one of the complex means of education: it is aimed at all-round physical fitness (through direct mastering of the basics of movement and complex actions in the changing conditions of collective activity), improving the functions of the body, character traits of the players.

Literature

1. Stepanenkova E.Ya. Physical education in kindergarten. - M .: Mosaika-Sintez, 2008.

2. Federal state educational standard of preschool education

3. Kharchenko T.E. "Organization of motor activity of children in kindergarten" S. P., Childhood - Press 2010.

4. http :// constructor . zavalam . net / view . php ? no =17164

5. http :// www . beldou 2. ru /? p =396

6. http :// www . deti - club . ru / podviznie _ igri _ v _ detskom _ sadu

7. http :// www . ignom . ru / books / phizicheskoe _ vospitaniye / p 30. html

8. http :// www . resobr . ru / materials /46/40215/

Applications

Card index for outdoor games

Aty-bats - soldiers were walking,
Aty-baty - to the bazaar,
Aty-bats - what did you buy?
Ayou-bats - samovar,
Aty-bats - how much does it cost?
Aty-bats - three rubles,
Aty-bats - who is coming out?
Aty-bats are me!

A month came out of the fog,
He took a knife out of his pocket
I will cut, I will beat,
You don't care to drive.

If a siskin flies to a swift,
You go out, I drive.
If the swift flies to the chih, you drive, I go out.

Greek rode across the river,
He sees the Greek - there is a cancer in the river.

He put his hand in the river,
Cancer for the hand of the Greek - Dzap!

Hedgehog, hedgehog, eccentric,
I sewed a spiky jacket.
Got up in a circle and well, count
We choose a walker

Tomorrow will fly from the sky
Blue-blue-blue whale.
If you believe - wait and wait
If you don't believe - come out!

Do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-si!
The cat rides in a taxi
And the kittens clung
And they rode for free!

A man was driving along the road.
Broke a wheel on the doorstep.

How many nails?
Speak quickly
do not hesitate!

Dora, Dora, tomato,
We caught a thief in the garden.
They began to think and guess
How can we punish the thief.
We tied our hands and feet
And they let him along the road.
The thief walked, walked, walked -
And I found the basket!
In this little basket
There is lipstick and perfume.
Ribbons, laces, boots -
Anything for the soul!

Bunny
I ran across the field
I ran into the garden
Found a cabbage
Found a carrot
Sits and gnaws.
The owner is coming!

Tryntsy-bryntsy, bells, The daredevils rang.
Digi, digi, leagues, don, get out soon

Tili-tili dough
Bride and groom
Running in circles
Without seeing each other
Take your bride
And get out of the circle

Chiki-chiki, chiki-chok,
At night a cricket sang songs,
We went to look for him,
The lanterns were lit
We looked under the bush,
Under a fluffy burdock.
Where is the cricket hiding there?
Go his buddy!

The cuckoo walked past the garden,
She pecked at all the seedlings.
And shouted: cuckoo, poppy -
Unclench one fist!

Naughty baluns
Run out into the courtyards.

Begin to play
To choose the governor,
Voivode - from the people
Come out of the round dance.
And you, good fellow,
Get to the very end

Shishel-mouse,
I took it and went out!

Grains in your pocket

Who is ready to find grains in your pocket?
The pastry chef baked twenty-five blackbirds into the cake.
A bird tur-lyu-lyu burst out of the cake,
Was such a dish a dream for the king?
There was a king in the office, kept an account of income.
The queen was eating a sandwich in the hall.
Outside the courtyard, a maid was hanging clothes,
Thrush there and immediately grab her nose.

Dora, dora, tomato

Dora, Dora, tomato,
We caught a thief in the garden
They began to think and guess
How can we punish the thief.

One, two - trees

One, two - trees.
Three, four - the beasts came out.
Five, six - a leaf falls.
Seven, eight - birds in the forest.
Nine, ten are titmouses
They raised their red faces.
We tied our hands, feet
And they let him along the road.
The thief walked, walked, walked
And I found the basket.
In this little basket
There are drawings and pictures.
One two Three!
Whoever you want - give it!

I was taught to read and write

One two three four-
I was taught to read and write:
Do not count, do not write,
Only jump on the floor.
I rode, I rode
I broke my little leg.
The little leg began to hurt
Mom began to feel sorry for her.
Regretted, scolded
And sent for the doctor.
The doctor rides the bull
With a balalaika in hand

The pig walks in the forest

The pig walks in the forest
Nibbles the grass-swan,
She tears, does not take,
Places under a birch tree

Sour milk is just lovely!

Sour milk -
Just beautiful,
Sour milk -
The songs were sung:
Just kwa,
Just-sha,
The yogurt is good!

The countdown begins

The countdown begins:
A jackdaw sat on a birch,
Two crows, a sparrow,
Three magpies, nightingale

Over the seas, over the mountains

Over the seas, over the mountains,
Behind iron pillars
On a hillock,
There is a lock on the door.
For the key, you go
And open the lock.

Do you want some milk, kitty?

Do you want some milk, kitty?
We are far from home
A long, long way awaits us.
Turn left here,
Do you see the bridge across the river?
I caught you by the tail!

Alphabet

A, B, C, D, D, E, F -
The toad is riding the hedgehog.
3, I, K, L, M, N, O -
Bunny, look out my window.
Ц, Ч, Ш, Щ, Э, Ю, Я -
And the pike has scales

Rolled orange

Rolled orange
To the city of Berlin
Didn't teach lessons
And got a deuce

The wind flew over the sea

The wind flew over the sea,
The wind of songbirds counted.
I counted all of them!
And then he took the day off.
It's our turn to count!
One, two, three, four, five!

The ducklings were walking

One, two - the ducklings were walking.
Three, four - went home.
The fifth followed them,
The sixth was running ahead,
And the seventh lagged behind all,
Frightened, squealed:
- Where are you, where are you?
- Not food.
“We’ll look nearby.

High-high

High-high
I threw my ball easily.
But my ball fell from heaven
Rolled into a dark forest.
One, two, three, four, five,
I'm going to look for him.

Tra-ta-ta! Tra-ta-ta!

Tra-ta-ta! Tra-ta-ta!
A cat married a cat,
For Kota Kotovich,
For Pyotr Petrovich!
He has a mustache and striped,
Well, not a cat, but just a treasure!

Who lives in our apartment?

One two three four,
Who lives in our apartment?
Dad, mom, brother, sister,
Murka the cat, two kittens,
My puppy, cricket and me -
That's my whole family!
One, two, three, four, five -
I'll start counting everyone again.

Hedgehog dreamed

A hedgehog came out of the fog
He took the knife out of his pocket.
He took out pebbles and chalk,
He smiled as best he could.
Gave me everything that you took out
And again disappeared in the fog

Counting

I'll tell you a secret -
I have no secrets.
No, there was not and no.
This is your secret now

Shchi-talochka

I clean vegetables for cabbage soup.
How many vegetables do you need?
Three potatoes, two carrots,
Onion one and a half heads,
Yes parsley root
Yes, a cabbage calf.
Make room for you, cabbage,
You're thick in the pot!
One-two-three, the fire is on
Stump, get out

Counting

Who
Ate
Cherry plum?
I didn’t eat - and I am silent.

You didn't eat
Cherry plum.
And you be silent.
The cherry plum is unripe ...

And nobody ate it.
And who ate her
Sour
Unripe
I swallowed the bone
That
For a long time
Didn't drive.

Our Masha

Our Masha
I got up early
Dolls of all
I counted:
Two nesting dolls
At the window
Two Arinka
On the feather bed,
Two Tanyushki
On the pillow
A Petrushka
In the cap
On the oak
Chest!

Cockerel

Cockerel,
Cockerel,
Show your
The casing!

Casing
Burning with fire.
How many feathers
On him?

One, two, three, four, five,
Impossible
Count!

Night counting room

One, two, three, four, five!
Six seven eight nine ten!
I must, I must, I must sleep
And no need to play tricks.
He who does not sleep will go out.
Who fell asleep will see
Dream.

Out of the drift

From
Drifting snow
Breeze
Swil
Silver
Lace
And on it
Brought
Into the taiga
Whitemane
Blizzard!

From zero

From zero
And to zero
Do not reach
Without a crutch
Don't get there
Without a horse,
Without twisted
Cheesecakes
Sweet
No rifle
With a bayonet
Without purse
With irradiation,
Without silk
Knutika,
No curve
Twig,
No balls
And bell
Do not drive away
From the porch!

Badger

Badger-grandmother
I baked pancakes.
I treated two grandchildren -
Two pugnacious badgers
And the grandchildren were not full,
With a roar
Saucers
They knock!

May evening

May evening
To Pestrushka
For pancakes
Girlfriends came:
Three layers,
Three little kloktushki.
How many chickens
In the hut?

Pearl and Burl

Pearl and Burl started cooking.
Pearl and Burl were baking a pie in the oven.
Pearl and Berl composed verses deftly:
They dragged pearls from barley

Ohr and Roni

Ohr and Roni rode ponies.
Legs, legs, feet.
How many? Very much.
Or rather? Eight:
On some horseshoes
And the other barefoot

Magpie

One, two, three, four, five.
We are going to play.
Forty flew to us
And she told you to drive.

Sparrow

Among the white doves
A nimble sparrow gallops,
Sparrow bird,
Gray shirt,
Respond sparrow
Fly out, don't be shy!

Mouse

One two three four!
Mice lived in an apartment
We drank tea,
The cups were beating
We paid three money each!
Who doesn't want to pay -
Tom and drive!

Goat

There was a goat on the bridge
And wagged her tail.
Hooked on the railing
I got straight into the river.
Who doesn't believe? It's him!
Get out of their circle!

Ram

There was a ram
On the steep mountains
I pulled out the weed
I put it on the bench.
Who will take the weed
That will go to drive!

Piggy

A pig walks in the forest,
Tears the grass-ant,
She tears and takes
And puts it in a basket.
This one will come out,
Come on!

Hide and seek

One, two, three, four, five,
Let's play hide and seek.
Sky, stars, meadow, flowers,
You go take a ride

Hare

White hare,
Where did you run?
- Into the oak forest!
- What did you do there?
- Tore stripes!
- Where did you put it?
- Under the deck!
- Who stole it?
- Rodion.
- Get out!

One two

One, two, three, four, five,
Six seven,

Eight nine ten,
Comes out
White month!
Who will reach a month
He will go to hide

Zealous horse

A zealous horse with a long mane
Rides, rides through the fields
Here and there! Here and there!
He rushes here -
Come out of the circle!

Came out a cup for a walk

One, two, three, four, five -
The cup went out for a walk.
The kettle flies by -
A cup of tea is filled with:
- Bul-bul! ..
Oh-oh-oh!
We need lump sugar!

One, two, three, four, five -
Sugar went out for a walk.
A spoon flies by -
Sugar in a cup dissolves:
- Tink-tink! ..
Oh-oh-oh!
We need a painted gingerbread!

One, two, three, four, five -
Gingerbread came out for a walk.
Teeth are waiting nearby -
Play hide and seek with gingerbread:
- Crunch-crunch! ..
Oh no no no!
Tea spilled over the table!

One, two, three, four, five -
A rag came out for a walk.
A rag in tea was transported,
The rag snorted and got angry:
- One, two, three, four, five -
I don't want to play with you!

Myshkin's rhyme

– One, two,
Three four.
Let's count the holes in the cheese.
If there are many holes in the cheese,
This means the cheese will be tasty.
If in it
One hole
Means delicious
Was
Yesterday.

The first counting room for a Cat

One two Three,
Four five.
The cat learns to count.

Slowly
Little by little
Adds to Mouse
A cat.

The answer is:
- The cat is,
But Mice - no!

The tiger went out for a walk

One, two, three, four, five,
The tiger went out for a walk.
They forgot to lock it.
One, two, three, four, five.

He walks down the street
Doesn't bother anyone
But for some reason from the tiger
The people scatter.

Who climbed a tree
Who hid behind a stall
Who ended up on the roof
Who hid in the drain.

And on the tree, like toys,
Two old women were accommodated.
The whole city emptied in an instant -
After all, jokes with a tiger are dangerous.

The tiger sees - the city is empty:
"Give me," he thinks, "I'll be back."
It's more fun in the zoo
It's always full of people! "

Over the mountain

The sun rose over the mountain.
An apple fell from the sky
Through azure meadows
It rolled straight to us!
Rolled, rolled
Fell into the river from the bridge,
Who saw - did not sleep,
Catch him quickly!
The one who caught it, the fellow
After all, the countdown is over!

The rams walked along the road

The rams walked along the road
Soaked your feet in a puddle.
They began to wipe their feet:
Who with a handkerchief
Who's a rag
Who is a leaky mitten!

Bunny

One, two, three, four, five,
There is nowhere for a bunny to ride
There is a wolf, a wolf,
He snapped his teeth, snapped!
And we will hide in the bushes
Hide, zayinka, and you.
You wolf, wait,
How to hide - go

The carriage was driving

The carriage rode in a dark forest
For some kind of interest.
Inte-inte-interest -
Come out with the letter "es".

Bunny went out for a walk

One, two, three, four, five.
Bunny went out for a walk.
Suddenly the hunter runs out,
Shoots directly at the Bunny:
Bang Bang!
Oh oh oh!
My Bunny is dying ...
Brought him home-
He turned out to be alive!

Who is awake?

One, two, three, four, five,
Six seven eight nine ten!
We must, we must, we must sleep!
And no need to play tricks!
Whoever fell asleep sees a dream
He who does not sleep - go out!

Kittens

You guys listen
I want to tell you:
We have kittens -
There are exactly five of them.

We decided, we wondered:
How do we call kittens?
Finally we named them:
ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE.

ONCE - the kitten is the whitest,
TWO - the kitten is the bravest
THREE - the kitten is the smartest
And FOUR is the noisiest,
FIVE is like THREE and TWO -
The same tail and head
The same speck on the back
He also sleeps all day in a basket.

We have good kittens -
ONE TWO THREE FOUR FIVE!
Come to us guys
View and count.

9. Basic concepts of theory and methodology of fv doshk-s.

10. Communication of ТиМфв with other disciplines.

11. Principles of teaching nat. Exercise

12. Classification and characteristics of physical exercises (fu).

13. The problem of physical education in the works of Russian scientists.

14. The use of sports training to improve the physical potential of children.

15. The content of the physical development of preschoolers in the curriculum of preschool education of the Republic of Belarus.

17. Formation of motor skills. Stages of learning motor action

18. Technique and methodology for teaching children to walk and run.

19. Technique for performing jumps.

20. Teaching children to throw.

21, 22. Technique and methodology for teaching crawling and climbing children.

23. Equilibrium and the method of its formation in younger children. And senior. Doshk-th age.

24. Using the starting positions in general developmental exercises.

25. Requirements for the ORU complex.

27. Techniques that activate mental and physical activity during the screaming.

29. Fundamentals of safety in the performance of physical exercises by children.

30. The value of outdoor games.

31. Classification of outdoor games.

32, 34. Methods of organizing and conducting pi in different age groups.

33. The variability of outdoor games.

36. Conditions and methods of teaching children to swim.

37. Conditions and methods of teaching preschoolers to ski.

38. Technique and methodology for teaching children to skate.

39. Specificity of building physical culture lessons of sports orientation.

40. The simplest tourism in kindergarten.

41. The content of knowledge of preschoolers in the field of physical. Cultures.

42. Features of the manifestation of motor abilities. Control exercises to identify FC.

43. The use of simulators in the dhow.

44. Development of speed and endurance.

45. Development of agility and strength.

46. Development of self-awareness and self-esteem of the preschooler.

47. Pedagogical technology for the development of creativity of preschool children with nat. Cultures.

48. Education in children of motives of motor activity.

49. Physical training. A variety of forms of conduct.

50. Ways of organizing children when performing physical exercises.

51. Pedagogical analysis of physical education classes.

52. Morning exercises. The content of the introductory, main and final parts.

53. Requirements for morning exercises. Building a complex of mornings. Gymnastics.

54. The content of physical. Exercises in gymnastics after sleep.

55. Outdoor games and physical. Exercise for a walk.

56. The need for physical education minutes in the du.

57. The purpose and purpose of physical education. Leisure.

58. Sports holiday, its purpose.

59. Characteristics of the motor act. Requirements for independent motor activity of children.

60. Individual selection of methods of teaching movements, taking into account the state of health of children.

61. Individual selection of teaching methods, taking into account the level of physical fitness of children.

62. Methods of manifestation of psychomotor giftedness.

63. The content of physical. Raising children with signs of psychomotor giftedness.

64. Characteristics of children with signs of psychomotor giftedness.

65. Assessment of posture and foot.

66. Correction of deformities of the musculoskeletal system.

67. Studying the motor activity of children by the method of timing and observation.

68. Determination of physical fitness of preschoolers according to the level of development of physical qualities, formation of motor skills.

69. Construction of a physiological curve of physical activity.

70. Calculation of the total and motor density of a physical training session.

71. Sanitary and hygienic condition of the premises, site. Physical culture equipment and inventory in the d / s.

73. Planning physical education in accordance with the basic principles of training.

78. The main functions of the head of physical education of preschoolers.

79. Professional knowledge and skills necessary for a teacher to organize physical education in a preschool education institution.

80. Assessment of the physical development of children according to generally accepted methods.

33. The variability of outdoor games.

There are various options for outdoor games. Variability allows them to be used more expediently, taking into account the preparation of children. Outdoor games can be made more difficult, but changes must be justified. You can complicate motor tasks (increase the distance for running, jumping); introduce new movements ("Train", "Whose link is more likely to pass the flag"); change the form of building the game (just run, go around the hoop). You can change the pace of movement, increase the number of catchers, complicate the rules (run only in a certain direction). Or the role is played by the educator, then the child. You can limit the area, increase the distance. Children can be involved in compiling new versions of games. Games with elements of fantasy appear: children not only generalize play actions in words, but also transfer them to an internal imaginary plane.

35. Methods of teaching children to play football, hockey.

The basis of sports games are natural types of movements and their combination. Therefore, great attention is paid to teaching sports games in D / U. Sports games strengthen large muscle groups and develop psychophysical qualities: strength, speed, agility, endurance. In sports games, the child's mental activity, orientation in space, develops intelligence, quickness of thinking, and awareness of his own actions occurs. The child learns to coordinate his actions with the actions of his comrades; restraint, self-control, responsibility, will and decisiveness are brought up in him; his sensorimotor experience is enriched, creativity develops. Elements of sports games are used, leading children to more complex game actions. Teach older preschool children. start on a specialized (thematic) study, the structure of the cat. should be similar to the structure of traditional physical education classes. The only difference is in the selection of funds for each of its parts.

Football... Doshk-ki learn a simplified version of the game. Players have the right to dribble the ball, pass it to a playmate, score into the goal. The game does not apply free kicks and free kicks, inaccessible to children, corner kick, offside. Of the technical football techniques for dos, it is advisable to teach kicking the ball, stopping the ball with a kick. Children move by walking or running in different directions: straight, zigzag, arc, etc. Kicks on the ball are performed in the middle of the lift, the inner and outer parts of the lift, the inner side of the foot, toe. Ball receptions are carried out with the sole, thigh, toe, chest or head. Children learn to dribble the ball around the playground with the toe of the foot, the inner side of the leg lift. The goalkeeper catches the ball, hits it, defends the goal, throws the caught ball on | field. In order to learn how to handle the ball, children need to exercise a lot: roll the ball with their feet forward - backward, to the sides, kick the ball with a leg lift; toss the ball with your hands, kick and catch; pick up the ball with your toes and throw it up. Over time, children master the ability to roll the ball with the right and left foot in a certain direction, hit the pin, roll it into the goal. Preschoolers learn to hit the ball against the wall several times in a row (hold the ball with their foot and hit it again), pass the ball to each other, rolling it on the ground. The blows are performed with the inner side of the foot. Having mastered necessary techniques; preschoolers can play soccer. The game is played by 2 teams of 5-7 players. Play 2 halves of 15 minutes. There is a 5-minute break between them. The game starts from the center of the field. Players try to bring the ball to the opponent's goal and score a goal. All actions with the ball are performed only with the feet, the goalkeeper touches the ball with his hands. During the game, it is forbidden to push the opponent, hold him up with his hands.

The basketball game is a team game. It includes - running, jumping, throwing the ball, cat. are performed with the opposition of the partner. The composition of the teams includes a certain number of participants; the duration of the game is limited in time. At the first stage, it is important to teach the child to properly hold the ball: at chest level with both arms bent at the elbows, the hands lie behind the side of the ball, fingers are widely spaced. Reb-k learns to catch the ball with two hands, at about chest level. He straightens his slightly relaxed arms towards the ball, grabs it with his fingers, dampens the flight speed, pulls the ball to his chest and takes a basketball stance. The basketball technique consists of two types of actions. For the first of them, movements are characteristic, a cat. are performed without the ball or with the ball in hand without passing it to a partner. These include: a basketball player's stance, moving around the court, stopping, turning, jumping, false movements. The second type includes actions with the ball: catching, passing, dribbling and throwing balls into the basket. O.S. basketball player: legs are bent at the knees, spaced shoulder-width apart, one of them is set half a step forward, the body is directed forward, its weight is distributed evenly on both legs. The arms are bent at the elbows and are located near the body. Moving around the site is carried out by running in combination with walking, jumping, turning. While running, the child should perform a roll from heel to toe. It is necessary to teach children to stop in the following sequence: a stop after walking, after running at a slow pace, after running at a fast pace, an unexpected stop.

The main attention should be paid to the technique of holding and performing actions with the ball. It is important to teach your child to hold the ball correctly. I.P. - keep the ball at chest level with both hands. In this case, the arms should be bent, the elbows should be lowered, the hands should lie behind the side, the fingers are widely spaced. When catching a ball, it is necessary to draw the attention of children to the fact that the ball must be met with their hands, to monitor its flight. The ball should not be held in your hands for a long time, you need to act quickly. At the same time, children are taught to pass the ball, first with two hands, and then with the right and left (on the spot and in motion). When passing, the ball must be kept at chest level. One of the most important actions with the ball is yavl. its conduct. At first, children dribble the ball with a high rebound. This dribble does not require a low stance, the child learns to keep his sleep correctly, not to bend over to the ball, to see the playground. Children should not hit the ball, but push it down, lead it forward - from the side, not straight in front of them, look forward, not down at the ball. It is advisable to use the preparatory exercise: hitting the ball with two hands (in turn) on the spot. After that, children move on to dribbling the ball by moving in steps, and then while running (the ball is dribbled in a straight line, with a change in direction, as well as with the opposition of another player). The success of the game also depends on the accuracy of the ball hitting the basket. Movement when passing the ball and throwing it into the basket yavl. are identical in structure, so children are taught to throw the ball with two hands from the chest and one hand from the shoulder. In the 1st method, the reb-to the ball describes a small arc down to the body and, straightening his arms up, throws the ball into the basket. With the 2nd - the ball is on the palm of the bent elbow joint of the hand and adheres to the other. Slightly bent legs are straightened, at the same time the hand with the ball is extended forward and upward and the ball is sent to the basket with a push of the hand. The distance to the basket is at first 1 m, then 2-2.5 m. Doshk-ki play basketball for 2 halves for 5 minutes, a short break is necessarily planned between them. The teacher monitors the duration of the game. During a break, he can invite children to play a game of low mobility, replace tired children. If the ball goes over the sideline, play is stopped. The opposing team returns the ball to play. With the ball in hand, the child can take no more than three steps, after which he must dribble the ball, pass it to another player or throw it into the basket. It is forbidden to: dribble the ball with both hands at the same time, run with it in your hands, push children, hold their clothes, hands.

Mukhamedzhanova Zifa
Types and meaning of outdoor games

Movable the game has a huge meaning for all-round development baby: physical, mental, emotional, social.

In games, children develop intelligence, fantasy, imagination, memory, speech. Conscious fulfillment of the rules of the game forms the will, develops self-control, endurance, the ability to control their actions, their behavior. The game forms such personal qualities as, activity, honesty, discipline, justice. In the process of playing, the child's all-round harmonious development takes place.

Movable play is a conscious, vigorous activity of a child, characterized by accurate and timely completion of tasks related to the rules that are mandatory for all players.

When conducting outdoor games need to be considered:

age and psychological and pedagogical characteristics of children;

focus on the development of basic movements and psychophysiological qualities of preschoolers;

the sphere of interests and needs of the child;

gradual gradual complication of game goals, tasks, rules and conditions of the game.

Being an important tool physical education, movable play at the same time has a healing effect on the child's body. Wellness effect mobile games are enhanced when they are held in the fresh air; in the game, children practice a wide variety of movements: running, jumping, climbing, throwing, throwing, catching. A large number of movements activates breathing, blood circulation and metabolic processes, has a beneficial effect on mental activity.

In teaching practice, two main types are used outdoor games:

1. Games are free, creative or free, in which the participants themselves outline the plan of the game, and themselves carry out the intended goal (role-playing).

2. Organized movable games with established rules that require leadership by adult leaders or by the child leaders themselves.

a) simple non-team outdoor games, in which each participant, observing the rules, fights for one himself. The main thing in these games is meaning acquires personal initiative and the ability to use his personal qualities, motor abilities expediently;

b) more complex, transitional to command outdoor games, in which the players defend their interest in the first place, but sometimes, at their personal request, they help their comrades, helping them out, helping them escape from the attacker in the game ("Salki - give me your hand", "Runaways with captivity")... Sometimes the player can enter into temporary cooperation with other players to achieve the goal. In some games, such cooperation is even provided for by the rules. ("Polar Bears", "Crucians and Pikes");

c) team outdoor games, in which the players form separate collectives-teams. The success of the whole team depends on the actions of each player. In team games, you need to coordinate your actions with those of your comrades. Often in team games, team captains are chosen for coordination and general leadership.

Outdoor play"Mice dance in a circle"

Target: develop physical activity

Description: before starting the game, you must choose a driver - "Cat"... The cat chooses for itself "Stove"(It can be a bench or a chair, sits on it and closes its eyes. All other participants join hands and begin to dance around the cat with in words:

do not make noise,

don't wake up

wakes up

Will break our round dance! "

While pronouncing the last words, the cat stretches, opens his eyes and starts chasing mice. The caught participant becomes a cat, and the game starts over.

The game "Sun and Rain"

Tasks: to teach children to find their place in the game, to navigate in space, to develop the ability to perform actions at the signal of the teacher.

Description: Children sit on high chairs in the hall. Chairs are theirs "House"... After the words educator: "What a nice weather, go for a walk!", the guys get up and start moving in an arbitrary direction. Once a teacher will say: "It's raining, run home!", children should run to the chairs and take their place. The teacher condemns "Drop - drop - drop!"... Gradually the rain dies down and the educator is talking: “Go for a walk. The rain is over! ".

The game "Sparrows and a cat"

Tasks: teach children to jump gently, bending their knees, run, dodge the driver, run away, find their place.

Description: Circles are drawn on the ground - "Nests"... Children - "Sparrows" sit in their "Nests" on one side of the site. On the other side of the site is located "cat"... Once "cat" doze off "Sparrows" they fly out onto the road, fly from place to place, look for crumbs, grains. "Cat" wakes up, meows, runs after the sparrows, which should fly to their nests.

Role first "Cat" is performed by the teacher, then - by one of the children.

Outdoor play"Sparrows and the car"

Another game for children 3-5 years old about sparrows.

Tasks: teach children to run in different directions, start moving or change it at the signal of the leader, find their place.

Description: Children - "Sparrows" sitting in their "Nests" (on the bench)... The teacher portrays "automobile"... Once a caregiver will utter: "Sparrows flew to the track", children get up from the bench and start running around the playground. On signal educator: "The car is going, fly the sparrows to their nests!" - "automobile" leaves "Garage" and the children should return to "Nests" (sit on the bench). "Automobile" returns to "garage".

Game "Cat and Mice"

There are many games for kids with cats and mice as participants. Here is one of them.

Tasks: This movable the game helps children develop the ability to perform movement on a signal. Exercise in different directions while running.

Description: Children - "mice" sit in burrows (on chairs along the wall)... In one of the corners of the site sits "cat"- educator. The cat falls asleep, and the mice scatter around the room. The cat wakes up, meows, begins to catch mice that run into their burrows and take their places. When all the mice return to their burrows, the cat walks through the hall again, then returns to its place and falls asleep.

Movable game for preschoolers "A bear in the woods"

Tasks: develop the speed of reaction to a verbal signal, exercise children in running, develop attention.

Description: Among the participants, one driver is chosen, who will "Bear"... Draw two circles on the playground. The first circle is the bear's den, the second circle is the house for the rest of the game participants. The game begins with the children leaving the house with in words:

And growls at us.

As soon as the children spoke these words, "bear" runs out of the den and catches the children. The one who did not manage to reach the house and was caught "Bear", becomes driving ( "Bear").

Through the trickle (outdoor jumping game)

Tasks: Teach you to jump correctly, walk along a narrow path, keep your balance.

Description: On the site, two lines are drawn at a distance of 1.5 - 2 meters from one another. At this distance, pebbles are drawn at a certain distance from each other.

The players stand at the edge - on the bank of the stream, they must cross (jump over) it over the stones, without getting your feet wet. Those who stumbled - wet their feet, go to dry them in the sun - sit on a bench. Then they re-enter the game.

Game "Birds and a cat"

Tasks: Learn to follow the rules of the game. React to the signal.

Description: for the game you will need a mask of a cat and birds, a large circle drawn.

Children stand in a circle with outside... One child stands in the center of the circle (the cat, falls asleep (closes its eyes, and the birds jump into the circle and fly there, peck at the grains. The cat wakes up and begins to catch the birds, and they run away behind the circle.

Game "Snowflakes and Wind"

Tasks: Exercise in running in different directions, without bumping into each other, act on a signal.

Description: On signal "Wind!" children - "Snowflakes"- run around the site in different directions, circle ( "The wind swirls snowflakes in the air"). On signal "No wind!"- squat ( "Snowflakes fell to the ground").

Outdoor play"Find yourself a mate"

Tasks: develop in children the ability to perform actions on a signal, quickly build up in pairs.

Description: Participants stand along the wall. Each of them gets a checkbox. As soon as the teacher gives a signal, the children scatter around the playground. After the command "Find yourself a mate", participants with flags of the same color are combined in pairs. An odd number of children must participate in the game and at the end of the game one is left without a pair.

All these movable games can be successfully used for playing in kindergarten in a group or for a walk. Children of different age: from toddlers 3 years old to children middle group 4-5 years old are happy to play them.

Movable games for children 5-7 years old

In children 5-6, 6-7 years old, the nature of play activity changes somewhat. Now they are already beginning to be interested in the result. outdoor games, they strive to express their feelings, desires, to carry out their plans. However, imitation and imitation do not disappear and continue to play an important role in the life of an older preschooler. These games can also be played in kindergarten.

The game "Bear and bees"

Tasks: exercise in running, follow the rules of the game.

Description: participants are divided into two teams - "Bears" and "Bees"... Before starting the game "Bees" take places in their "Hives" (benches, ladders can serve as hives)... At the command of the leader "Bees" fly away to the meadow for honey, and at this time "the Bears" are taken to "Hives" and feast on honey. Hearing the signal "The Bears!", all "Bees" return to "Hives" and "Sting" (salat) did not have time to escape "Bears"... Next time stung "bear" no longer goes out for honey, but remains in the den.

Burners game

Tasks: exercise in running, respond to a signal, follow the rules of the game.

Description: An odd number of children take part in the game, they become pairs and hold hands. In front of the column is the driver who looks forward. Children in chorus repeat the words:

Bells

Once! Two! Three! Run!

As soon as the participants say the word Run! Those standing in the last pair in the column let go of their hands and run along the column forward, one on the right side, the other on the left. Their task is to run forward, stand in front of the driver and again join hands. The driver, in turn, must catch someone from this pair before they join hands. If you succeed in catching, then the driver with the caught will form a new pair, and the participant left without a pair will now drive.

Outdoor play"Two frosts"

A well-known game for preschoolers with simple rules. Tasks: develop inhibition in children, the ability to act on a signal, exercise in running.

Description: On opposite sides of the site there are two houses, indicated by lines... Players are placed on one side of the court. The teacher chooses two people who will become the drivers. They are located in the middle of the area between the houses, facing the children. These are two Frosts - Frost Red nose and Frost Blue nose. At the signal of the teacher "Let's start!" both Frosts pronounce the words: “We are two young brothers, two daring frosts. I am Frost Red Nose. I am Frost Blue Nose. Which of you will dare to set off on a path-path? " All playing answer: "We are not afraid of threats and we are not afraid of frost" and run into the house on the opposite side of the site, and Frosts try to freeze them, that is, touch them with their hand. Those of the guys who were touched by Frost freeze in place and remain so until the end of the dash. The frozen ones are counted, after which they join the players.

The game "Sly Fox"

Target: develop agility, quickness, coordination.

Description: A line is drawn on one side of the court, thereby denoted"Fox's house"... The teacher asks to close the eyes of the children who are located in a circle. The teacher walks around the formed circle behind the children, touches one of the participants, who from that moment becomes "Sly fox".

After that, the teacher invites the children to open their eyes and, looking around, try to determine who is the cunning fox. Then the children ask 3 times: "Sly fox, where are you?"... At the same time, the questioners look at each other. After the children have asked the third time, the sly fox jumps to the middle of the circle, raises his hands up and shouts: "I'm here!"... All participants scatter around the site in all directions, and the cunning fox is trying to catch someone. After 2-3 people are caught, the teacher is talking: "In a circle!" and the game starts again.

Deer Catching Game

Tasks: Exercise in running in different directions, agility.

Description: Two shepherds are selected from among the participants. The rest of the players are deer located inside the outlined circle. The shepherds are in a circle, opposite each other. At the signal from the host, the shepherds take turns throwing the ball at the deer, and they try to dodge the ball. A deer hit by the ball is considered caught and leaves the circle. After several repetitions, he counts the number of deer caught.

Fishing rod game

Tasks: to develop dexterity, attention, speed of reaction.

Description: Participants are placed in a circle. In the center is the driver - the educator. He is holding a string in his hands, at the end of which is tied a small bag of sand. The driver rotates the rope in a circle above the ground itself. Children jump in such a way that the rope does not touch their feet. Those participants who are touched by the rope on their legs are eliminated from the game.

Game "Hunters and Falcons"

Tasks: exercise jogging.

Description: All participants - falcons, are on the same side of the hall. There are two hunters in the middle of the hall. As soon as the teacher gives signal: "Falcons, fly!" participants must run across to the opposite side of the hall. The task of the hunters is to catch (tarnish) as many falcons as possible before they can cross the conditional line. Repeat the game 2-3 times, then change the drivers.

Spider and flies game

Tasks

Description: in one of the corners of the hall in a circle cobweb is indicated, in which the spider is located - the driving one. All the other guys are flies. All flies "Fly" around the hall, buzzing. At the signal of the presenter "Spider!" flies freeze. The spider comes out of hiding and carefully examines all the flies. Those who move, he takes into his web. After two to three repetitions, the number of flies caught is counted.

Outdoor play"Mousetrap"

Tasks: to develop in children the ability to perform actions on a signal.

Description: Two participants face each other, join their hands and raise them higher. After that, both in chorus they say:

“How tired we are of the mice, they gnawed everything, ate everything!

We will put the mousetrap and then we will catch the mice! "

While the participants say these words, the rest of the guys should run under their clasped hands. At the last words, the presenters sharply lower their hands and catch one of the participants. The caught one joins the catchers and now there are three of them. So the mousetrap gradually grows. The last competitor is the winner.

Outdoor games are divided into elementary and complex. Elementary, in turn, are divided into plot and plotless, fun games, attractions.
Narrative games have a ready-made plot and firmly fixed rules. The plot reflects the phenomena of the surrounding life (labor actions of people, traffic, movements and habits of animals, birds, etc.), game actions are associated with the development of the plot and with the role played by the child. The rules determine the beginning and end of the movement, determine the behavior and relationships of the players, and clarify the course of the game. Obedience to the rules is compulsory for everyone.
Narrative outdoor games are predominantly collective (in small groups and the whole group). Games of this type are used in all age groups, but they are especially popular in younger preschool age.
Plotless outdoor games such as traps, dashes ("Traps", "Dash") do not have a plot, images, but are similar to plot ones by the presence of rules, roles, and the interdependence of the game actions of all participants. These games are associated with the fulfillment of a specific motor task and demand from children a great deal of independence, speed, dexterity, and orientation in space.
In preschool age, outdoor games are used with elements of competition (individual and group), for example: "Whose link will get together more quickly", "Who is the first through the hoop to the flag", etc. Competition elements encourage greater activity in the fulfillment of motor tasks. In some games ("Change the subject", "Who is most likely to the flag"), each child plays for himself and tries to complete the task as best as possible. If these games are divided into teams (relay games), then the child seeks to complete the task in order to improve the result of the team.
Plotless games also include games using objects (bowling pins, circlet, ring throw, grandmothers, "Ball School", etc.). Motor tasks in these games require certain conditions, so they are carried out with small groups of children (two, three, etc.). The rules in such games are aimed at the order of placing objects, using them, the sequence of actions of the players. In these games, elements of competition are observed in order to achieve the best results.
In games-amusements, amusements, motor tasks are performed in unusual conditions and often include an element of competition, while several children perform motor tasks (running in bags, etc.), the rest of the children are spectators. Fun games, attractions give the audience a lot of joy.
Complex games include sports games (towns, badminton, table tennis, basketball, volleyball, football, hockey). In preschool age, elements of these games are used and children play according to simplified rules.
Outdoor games also differ in their motor content: games with running, jumping, throwing, etc. According to the degree of physical activity that each player receives, games of high, medium and low mobility are distinguished. Games of great mobility include those in which the whole group of children participates at the same time and they are built mainly on such movements as running and jumping. Games of medium mobility are those in which the whole group also actively participates, but the nature of the movements of the players is relatively calm (walking, passing objects) or the movement is performed by subgroups. In games of low mobility, movements are performed at a slow pace, moreover, their intensity is insignificant.

D. V. Khukhlaeva, "Methodology of physical education in preschool institutions", M., 1984