Cucumber mosaic virus, or cucumber mosaic virus, is a common viral disease that affects plants such as cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, bell and hot peppers, lettuce, beans and others. The mosaic of cucumbers is localized in living cells of susceptible plants, but the virus can persist in dry leaves, stems and soil for up to several decades.

There is no drug for the treatment of cucumber mosaic, so plants affected by the virus must be destroyed in a timely manner.

To defeat this disease, every gardener must understand how plants become infected, what properties the mosaic virus has, and what control measures must be taken when plants are damaged.

Pathogens

The disease is caused by viruses - Cummis virus 2, Solanum virus 1, Nicotina virus 1, and others. These viruses are so small that they can pass through the smallest bacterial filters, which is why they are called filter viruses.

Cucumber mosaic destroys tissue cells, causing damage to chloroplasts, partial destruction of chlorophyll, breakdown of plastids, and a decrease in carbohydrate levels. All this leads to the death of tissue sites and the death of the plant.

Until the moment when people did not suspect the existence of a mosaic virus, this disease caused great damage to agricultural plants, especially tobacco plantations. Today, several varieties of the disease are known, each of which has its own characteristics.

tobacco mosaic

The mosaic virus was first discovered in 1892 by Dmitry Ivanovsky. The scientist noticed that when trying to filter the preparation of the affected tobacco, unknown particles remain in the filtered solution, which retained the ability to infect healthy plants.

Then it was suggested that the filtered solution contained either poison or some tiny creatures that the microscope could not see. So the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was discovered, and later it turned out that there are a lot of varieties of mosaic diseases.

Are you planting cucumbers in a greenhouse or open ground?

GreenhousePriming

• Symptoms. Most often, this disease affects tobacco, tomatoes, peppers, but sometimes it can also be seen on cucumbers. On the affected leaves, a mosaic marble pattern and emerald-beige stains form. Those parts of the leaf that remain green swell and become bumpy, and subsequently die. The disease affects the quality and quantity of the crop, the shape and size of the fruit.
• Wrestling. Soil and dead plant tissue can infect plants planted the following year. Therefore, it is necessary to observe crop rotation annually, planting crops that are not sensitive to mosaic on the infected area.

IN open field TMV is able to stay alive up to 5 years.

Control measures should consist in cutting off the affected parts with a knife, while it is imperative to use a knife treated with alcohol, a solution of manganese or vitriol. To get rid of the virus that remained in the stems and soil, you should burn the affected dry stems exactly in the area where the cucumbers grew.

ordinary mosaic

Common mosaic on cucumbers is caused by the Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) and affects mainly crops grown in greenhouses.

• Symptoms

Zonal mosaic, deformation and wrinkling of the leaves of young seedlings. With the development of the pathogen, the leaf begins to wrinkle, become covered with mosaic spots with dark green and light green areas, the edges of the leaves are wrapped downwards. The plant stops growing, its leaves become small, the internodes are shorter, and the number of flowers decreases. In some cases, cracking of the base of the stem can be seen.

Other cucumber diseases -

• Control measures

To kill this virus, you need to keep it at a temperature of 70 degrees for 10 minutes.

The incubation period depends on:

1. air temperature;
2. the degree of stability of culture;
3. stages of development.

So, in resistant varieties, the incubation period is about 20 days, in susceptible plants - 5-10 days.

Ordinary mosaic cucumber treatment wins by composting plant residues for two months. In winter, the virus lives in the roots of quinoa, bindweed, wood lice, thistle. Seed infection occurs only in pumpkins.

The fight against cucumber mosaic consists of the following preventive measures:

• Throughout the season, as well as in the off-season, it is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the site, timely process it from weeds.
• Only sterilized or composted substrates are allowed.
• If cucumbers grow in a greenhouse, then a pumpkin cannot be planted near it, since it can contain the cucumber mosaic virus.
• To eliminate surface infection, a special seed treatment must be carried out before sowing. How to treat seeds? For such purposes, it is recommended to use a solution of trisodium phosphate or potassium permanganate.
• During the growing season, spray with a 3% solution of Farmayod-3 at the rate of 0.3 kg of solution per hectare of area.

green mottled mosaic

The development of the green mosaic is caused by the CVID virus. The disease most often affects cucumbers grown in a greenhouse. Bushes that grow in open ground are extremely rarely affected.

The virus can cause yield losses of up to 50%. The green mosaic is also called the English cucumber mosaic.

• Symptoms.

The disease occurs in both adults and young cultures. Affected bushes do not grow well, light veins form on the leaves of cucumbers, leaf plates are deformed. Spotting appears on the fruits, they become shortened, deformed and bitter in taste. If you cut the fruit of an infected cucumber, you can find that its seeds are underdeveloped. Sometimes the surface of the fruit may be covered with necrotic spots.

The disease can appear as early as 20-30 days after planting seedlings in the ground. As a rule, the green mosaic affects pumpkin crops, but in some cases there is also a disease of nightshade, as well as watermelons, cucumbers, and melons.

If seeds are the source of infection, then two weeks after they are planted, young seedlings begin to hurt, and after a month the plants may die. If the soil or weeds remaining in the soil from last year became the source of infection, then the first signs of cucumber disease will appear a month after planting the seedlings.

It should be noted that the cucumber green mottled mosaic virus damages both the seed coat and the embryo.

After infection of the plant, the virus begins to spread through the vessels deep into the stem, and then into the root system. If during weeding weeds in a bed with infected cucumbers, their leaves or stems are damaged, and the juice gets on neighboring bushes, then they will become infected. In addition, healthy plants can become infected even when in contact with diseased ones, which leads to an increase in the number of affected bushes.

• Control measures.

To protect cucumbers from this virus, uninfected seeds must be used. To grow a healthy seed bush, they equip a high agrobackground, plant seeds there and carefully care for them, preventing the propagation of weeds.

Many gardeners do not know what to do if it is not possible to grow cucumbers for seeds on their own? In this case, a special diagnostic method should be used to check for the absence or presence of infection in store-bought seed. To do this, you need to select 10 seeds and homogenize them in a phosphate buffer, and then add quartz sand crushed to a fine fraction into the homogenate. After 10 days, diseased seeds will be covered with mosaic spots.

To prevent the disease of cucumbers, they should be treated for aphids and other insect pests, since they are the ones that transfer pollen from diseased bushes to healthy ones. Cucumbers must be planted away from pumpkin crops.

As a preventive measure, as well as at the initial stage of the disease, it is recommended to spray cucumbers with one of the following means:

1. 10% low-fat milk solution.
2. 10% reverse milk.
3. 10% skimmed milk solution and 5% alcohol solution of iodine.

Treatment of the green mosaic of cucumbers is the same as for the common mosaic virus. So, for seed treatment, drugs such as trisodium phosphate and potassium permanganate are used.

If you plan to conduct heat treatment of seeds, then the temperature will have to be raised to 90 degrees, since the virus does not die at lower temperatures. But after processing with such a high temperature, the seed material will become unusable, so this preventive method must be excluded.

Control measures applied to cucumbers grown in a greenhouse should be to take into account the affected bushes and remove them in a timely manner.

white mosaic

• Symptoms.

First, fuzzy yellow-white spots near the veins begin to appear on young leaves. The spots are in the form of a ring or stars. After some time, they acquire a greenish-white color, and as the disease develops, the spots merge with each other, and the entire leaf becomes white or yellow. Plant growth is inhibited, which affects the quantity and quality of the crop.

Particularly favorable conditions for white mosaics are greenhouses with warm air and strong plant density. Places where pathogens are stored are fruit peel, plant residues, seed germs, soil and inventory.

• Wrestling.

Control measures should be aimed at lowering the temperature in the greenhouse below 30 degrees, as well as thinning plants, timely removal of weeds. It is necessary to remove diseased parts of plants or entire bushes. If at least one spotted mosaic sheet is found on the site, then it is necessary to disinfect the working equipment as often as possible.

It should be remembered that it is useless to treat cucumbers with chemicals, so the fight should be aimed at preventing the spread of the disease, destroying sucking insects, which are the main carriers of the virus.

Rubbing alcohol is used to disinfect equipment. Before treating parts that have been in contact with contaminated soil and plants with alcohol, it is recommended to pre-disinfect with boiling water. Preventive measures also include the use of varieties that are resistant to mosaic, and the protection of plants in hot, dry times from the sun.

General prevention

Since the mosaic is not susceptible to chemicals, it is first necessary to use varieties that are insensitive to the virus.

Mosaic resistant varieties: Ofix F1, Pasadena F1, Semcross F1, Othello F1. Tolerant F1 hybrid varieties include: Lord, Verenta, Arina, Zozulya.

The main preventive methods include:

1. The fight against aphids (for this you can use any remedy against these insects).
2. Use for planting only healthy material.
3. Destruction of infected units, as well as land from under the bushes.
4. Planting plants at a great distance from each other.
5. Removal of weeds from the site.
6. Blade disinfection garden tools using boiling water, alcohol, vitriol solution (4 tablespoons per 11 liters of water), or manganese solution (2 tablespoons per 1 liter of water).
7. Annual alternation of planting cucumbers with other plants.
8. Removing the top layer of earth in the greenhouse (10-12 cm) and replacing it with fresh soil.

​Related Articles​

Mosaic ringed Sweet cherry

4) the appearance of tubercles (bloating) on ​​the surfaces of the fruit;

​- English mosaic Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) caused by Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus It affects only 2 more species useful plants: Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and Melon (Cucumis melo);​

• Sources of infection of the English cucumber mosaic are the root rot of Olpidium brassicae, in connection with which it is localized in the root of the cucumber. The virus enters the above-ground organs and causes necrosis, which is also transmitted with plant sap and persists for two months.
• Continue reading in the article infectious diseases pepper in the greenhouse - part two.
• Solanaceae family plants grew.
• Instructions for the prevention and treatment of tobacco leaf mosaic virus:

Internal fruit necrosis.

Bacterial diseases of pepper

In the event that it is not possible to change crops in places, be sure to disinfect the soil in the greenhouse, or even better, replace it every season.

• After healthy plants have been processed, it is necessary to remove all affected bushes.
• is this:
• 5) general inhibition of plant development.

Bacterial canker of pepper

- circular mosaic of Cucumber. It affects both Potato (Solanum tuberosum), and Pepper (Piper), and Tobacco, and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and many weeds;

Preventive and protective measures against English cucumber mosaic: We have repeatedly published material on various viral and mycoplasmal diseases of tomatoes. Some of them can also affect other plants. As, in particular, the cucumber mosaic virus (necrotic strain), which is one of the most harmful and widespread phytoviruses. It can infect more than 700 plant species, including tomato, pepper, lettuce, parsley, dill, cabbage, and beans. And crop rotation will not help here. Replacing the soil, especially after growing tomatoes or eggplants.

Collection of own seeds is carried out only from healthy plants. After collection, they must be disinfected in a saturated purple solution of potassium permanganate for half an hour.

Carefully collect and remove all plant debris, be sure to destroy them with your own hands.

Each gardener strives to get a good harvest of each of the grown vegetable crops on his plot. Sweet, or as they call it, bell pepper, are grown, mainly in closed ground: greenhouses or greenhouses. (See Growing Peppers). Despite the many efforts expended, not every gardener gets a decent harvest of this healthy and tasty vegetable.

1) on the leaves - rings similar to those described above (but not stripes); 2) with the passage of time, a hole forms inside each ring due to the fact that the dying leaf tissue falls out in crumbs; 3) latency can stretch for 2 years. ​

Specifics for the roundabout

soft bacterial rot

- speckled mosaic of Potato;

A systematic survey of greenhouse plants is necessary. Be sure to remove single diseased plants, steam the substrate, observe crop rotation and plant cucumbers no earlier than two years later.

• On the territory of the CIS
• Mandatory cleaning and burning of all plant residues from the greenhouse.

Compliance with the rules of crop rotation.

• This disease is caused by the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Favorable conditions for its development are low illumination of plants and constantly high humidity. Infection can occur through seeds, as well as through the soil. Quite quickly, the virus can pass from an infected plant to a healthy one, when transplanting or picking, if the plant has received mechanical damage.

For self-production of seeds, use only healthy fruits.

This disease affects the entire plant: roots, stems and fruits. Bacteria penetrating into the vascular system of plants clog them, thereby depriving individual parts of the plant of nutrition. As a result, wilting begins, both of individual branches and of the whole plant as a whole.

​Most common causes bad harvest, or total absence, are a variety of diseases of peppers in the greenhouse.

Specifics for wrinkled

Mosaic of Cucumber

- alfalfa mosaic of Pepper, excited by Alfalfa mosaic virus. It also infects Bean (Vicia faba), and Peas (Pisum), and Sweet clover (Melilotus), and Potatoes, and Clover (Trifolium), and Celery (Apium), and Beans (Phaseolus), and many weeds; Bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv - cause cucumber disease, corner spot. Bacteria lachrymans Young are highly specialized and infect the above-ground cucumber mass. As a result, cucumbers do not fully develop, the assimilation activity of leaves worsens, and the intensity of fruit formation decreases. The harmfulness of the disease angular spotting is very high. The disease develops on cucumbers both in closed and open ground. On the affected plants, along the edges and center of the cotyledons, small round oily spots of a dark green color are formed, which soon darken and dry out, as a result, the affected seedlings run out. With angular spotting, dark green or brownish spots appear on cucumber leaves, yellow mucus is located on the underside of the leaf, which are located between the veins. The spots become oily when the weather is damp and when dew falls. The fall of the leaves and the slowdown in plant growth is caused by elongated spots that form on the petioles and stems of the plant. When the disease occurs, the fruits are affected by shallow rounded dark green sores, which are clearly visible in wet weather, as a cloudy liquid. The disease, especially in greenhouses with high humidity, causes softening and rotting of fruits. Cucumber mosaic virus

Lightning bacterial wilt

Thorough disinfection of all equipment used when working with seedlings and in the greenhouse

During the cultivation of pepper seedlings, every three weeks it is watered with a light pink solution of potassium permanganate.

Symptoms of TDC can be very diverse, depending on:

Before planting, be sure to disinfect the seeds in a dark purple solution of potassium permanganate for half an hour, then rinse thoroughly with cold running water and dry.

The symptoms of this disease are:

• In the process of growing pepper can be affected by various diseases:
• ​Potato mosaics
• is this:

1. - mosaic (jaundice, xanthosis) Strawberries (Fragaria);
2. Sources of angular spotting of cucumber - the pathogen develops during the growing season and spreads by pieces of affected leaf tissue with the help of wind, insects, raindrops. Bacteria enter the plant through the stomata of plants. For the development of bacteria, the optimum temperature is 25-27 C. The incubation period of the disease lasts 4-5 days. In warm rainy weather and with heavy dew, the disease of cucumber angular spotting is especially enhanced. The causative agent of the disease can favorably overwinter on plant debris or cucumber seeds.
3. has become widespread in both open and closed ground. High severity of the virus has been registered in the North Caucasus, the Baltic States, Central Asia, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, the Lower Volga region, the Far East and the Krasnodar Territory. In a word, almost everywhere where tomatoes and cucumbers are grown. Probably, many have seen plants affected by the virus more than once (see photo), but mistakenly thought that they simply did not have enough food. No matter how…
4. ​15%​

After planting pepper in a greenhouse, (See Planting seedlings in a greenhouse), foliar feeding of plants with a solution of trace elements is carried out several times.

phase of plant development;

1. Tip: you can disinfect seeds using preparations based on plant materials. To do this, take 3-4 cloves of crushed or finely chopped garlic for ½ cup of water, mix.
2. discoloration and hollowness of the stem;

• bacterial;
• more vague:
• 1) spots on adult leaves are poorly visible, because they are gray-brown and small; 2) spots on young leaves are surrounded by a yellow border; 3) spots on fruits are light and depressed; 4) if the ambient temperature exceeds 20 ° C - manifestation all three signs are weakening. Be careful!​

1. - Mosaic of Cabbage (Brassica). It affects all species from this genus - for example, Rutabaga (Brassica napobrassica), Brussels (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera), Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes), Leafy (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica), Garden white (Brassica oleracea var. oleracea ), Turnip (Brassica rapa), Savoy turnip (Brassica oleracea var. sabauda), - as well as other plants from the Cabbage family (Brassicaceae): Radish (Raphanus sativus convar. radicula), Radish (Raphanus), Horseradish (Armoracia);
2. Preventive and protective measures against angular spotting of cucumber:

Viral diseases

For the first time, a necrotic strain of cucumber mosaic virus was registered in Bulgaria. The disease causes the greatest harm to cucumbers and tomatoes, causing the appearance of filamentous formations on fruits and leaves. On affected fruits, streak symptoms appear as brown streaks and necrotic rings. The top of the plant dies off completely. The first signs of the disease appear even on seedlings in the form of mosaic, zonal chloroticity, curvature and wrinkling of young leaves. As the infection progresses, the leaves shrivel, and their edges turn down, they acquire a mosaic color of alternating shapeless light green and dark green areas. Plant growth slows down, internodes shorten, the number of flowers and leaf area decrease, the stem bases often crack.

A solution of trisodium phosphate (sodium phosphate trisubstituted), for which it is dissolved in 1 liter of water

• To prevent the occurrence of TMV, pepper bushes are sprayed aqueous solution milk (1:10), with the addition of a few drops of iodine. After spraying, it is best to cover the plant with a film for some time in order to prevent the spread of viruses by contact.
• varieties;
• Then the seeds are immersed in the resulting solution. The jar is loosely closed and the seeds are left in it for an hour. After the time has elapsed, the seeds are washed cold water and dry.
• Necrosis and chlorosis of leaves;
• viral;

1) the color of the spots on the leaves is yellow or light green; 2) in addition to the spots, there are areas with wrinkles or folds; 3) the leaves curl on the tops of the bushes; 4) necrosis (death) of the bushes develops from top to bottom; 5) if it has reached tubers - rings or spots are formed in their pulp, which are not always easy to see under the skin; 6) sprouts from these tubers, which retain the virus well in themselves until the next growing season, are characterized by an unpleasant threadiness.

1. specifics for
2. - Mosaic Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis). The causative agent - Cauliflower mosaic caulivirus - is the most harmful of the three viruses ever recorded on Cabbage. The third of them threatens the least damage, which is also “responsible” for the Turnip mosaic (Brassica rapa subsp. rapifera);
3. It is necessary to observe crop rotation. For sowing, use only healthy seeds collected from uninfected testes. It is necessary to carry out preventive chemical spraying with copper-containing preparations (kuproksat, Champion), as well as growth regulators that increase the plant's immunity. Use for growing varieties and hybrids resistant to plant diseases.​
4. At low air temperatures, the fruits on diseased plants acquire a variegated, mosaic color, often wrinkle and bend. Dark green areas alternate with yellow. Under adverse environmental conditions (for example, during a sharp cold snap), the flowers dry up, the stem becomes glassy, ​​diseased plants wither.

tobacco mosaic

100-120 g of the drug

In this viral disease that affects pepper, there are 4 main forms of manifestation:

growing conditions;

• Mandatory removal of weak and diseased seedlings.
• fungal;
• Potatoes are generally very susceptible to many viral diseases that drastically reduce both gross yields and the potential to produce high quality seed. But, fortunately, breeders are already managing to increase the so-called field resistance of the "bulb" against several types of pathogens at once - it is possessed, in particular, by the varieties "Snow White", "Pigeon", "Pikulinsky", "Autumn", "Resource", " Skoroplodny, Sokolsky. ​

Strawberry xanthose

- a mosaic of Onion (Allium) and Garlic (Allium sativum). Its causative agent is Onion mosaic virus (aka Allium virus I);

Cucumber wet rot disease affects all plants of the pumpkin family in the open field, during the growing season and its entire length. The disease manifests itself in the form of dark green spots that darken over time. On the underside of the leaves, the spots are oily. The spots are placed around the central vein, merge with each other, resulting in necrosis of 20x30 mm. When cucumbers are affected by wet rot in plants in the phase of 2-6 true leaves, when the weather is hot, turgor is actively reduced, which is restored by morning. After several times of such a change, the plants dry out, because stem tissues macerate and exudate is released. The longitudinal section of the stem has darkened vessels and tissues.

Cucumber mosaic virus is represented by small spherical particles 28-30 nm in diameter. Virus inactivation occurs at a temperature of 60-76°C and a maximum dilution of 1:10,000. The virus loses its infectivity also when standing in juice for 6-8 days. It is also inactivated when plant residues are composted for two months. But it remains in the winter in the roots of perennial host plants (thistle, bindweed, wood lice, quinoa, etc.). It belongs to the group of typical natural focal pathogens. In nature, the circulation of the virus is carried out with the help of aphids-carriers. About 70 species of aphids are known, including gourds, common potato and greenhouse, which can transmit the virus from wild to cultivated plants.​

Transient - the plant very quickly loses internal pressure (turgor), after which it dries up, retaining its green color.

• Virus strain.
• Compliance with agricultural practices for growing peppers in a greenhouse:
• The appearance of watery deep brown areas near the stalks.
• Mycoplasma.
• With all the abundance of chemicals intended for the care of a variety of beneficial flora (agricultural, garden, ornamental), among them, as already mentioned, there are no antiviral ones. Therefore, the fight comes down to preventive measures:​
• is this:
• - Raspberry mosaic (Rubus);
• The source of wet rot infection is Erwinia caratovora pv.caratovora (Jones) Dye (E. melonis Holland) bacteria. Infected seeds, undecayed plant debris are also sources of infection. Infection with wet rot occurs through damage and stomata. The incubation period of the disease lasts 5-10 days. Darkening of the vascular system causes pantogen, which spreads very quickly. Then a gray, cloudy exudate appears in the seminal chamber, as a result, the fetus becomes in the form of a watery mass. Also, through the vessels of the affected stem, infection of the fetus can occur. A 40% crop shortage is observed with the active spread of wet rot.
• The widespread distribution of the virus indicates that it does not depend on environmental factors, although the occurrence of epiphytoties is influenced by the presence of natural foci of infection and carriers. It's interesting that
• Mandatory chemical or thermal disinfection of seeds before planting. The most effective sequential thermal and chemical disinfection.​

Transient or "green" form of pepper infection with cucumber mosaic virus

1. The main symptom of mosaic pepper disease is a change in leaf color. As you can see in the photo, the leaves become variegated, mosaic colored. On the leaf plate, areas of yellow, dark and light green alternate.
2. optimal humidity and temperature for the culture;
3. A long period of wet and warm weather contributes to the development of this disease. Plants are infected through damage to the stem.
4. Let's look at what pepper diseases are, how they manifest themselves, and how and how you can help the affected plants.
5. 1. Plants with symptoms of these diseases should be immediately removed (uprooted) and burned to the ground.

cucumber mosaic

1) at first, yellowness “sits” on the leaf in spots, then covers it entirely; 2) the growth of leaf blades is slowed down, and they tend to bend down along the main veins; 3) the cuttings of the leaves and flower stalks are shortened; 4) the harvest will be poor.

• - mosaic (vein edging) of Gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa);

Preventive and protective measures against wet rot of cucumber:

• cucumber mosaic virus
• Thermal disinfection of seeds is carried out in two stages: the first two days at a temperature
• Brown, in which, during budding, areas of shoots and leaves wither, and subsequently, the affected tissues dry out and become brown in color. With this form, the virus spreads from the roots to the top.

Do not thicken plantings, but plant seedlings in accordance with the planting scheme recommended by scientists;

streak

It is imperative to disinfect the soil, carefully remove plant debris and carry out seed dressing. If all these activities are not carried out, then the cost of such inaction will be high - the loss of the entire crop of the next season, or very little big harvest fruits of low quality.

As the name implies, this group of diseases is caused by bacteria that infect peppers in various ways. Sweet pepper plants are most commonly affected by:

• specifics for
• - Pepper mosaic, which is caused by the Tobacco mosaic virus (tobacco mosaic virus, abbreviated as TMV).
• For sowing, use only healthy, proven seeds. It is necessary to prevent mechanical damage to plants during care and harvest.​

Internal fruit necrosis

Attracts aphid vectors to affected plants, enhancing the odor emanating from them by producing substances in a diseased plant that attract aphids. But insects, after "tasting" the leaves of such an attractive plant, find that it is unhealthy, move to other plants and thus transmit the virus.

How to deal with viral diseases?

1. Yellow. This form of the disease is characterized by yellowing and deformation of both stems and shoots. In addition, the plant stops growing and developing, does not set fruits. In addition to the mosaic color, the leaves can become deformed and blacken, and in some cases fall off prematurely. Creation of normal illumination and air circulation in the greenhouse.
2. bacterial cancer;
3. 2. Eradicate weeds that give "shelter" to viruses and contribute to their spread - especially perennials (Bindweed, Quinoa, Mokritsu, Sow thistle, etc.). Gooseberry mosaics- Lettuce mosaic (Lactuca). It also affects Peas, and Sonchus (Sonchus), and Chin (Lathyrus), and some other plants; When a cucumber is affected by vascular bacteriosis, the leaves and petioles of the plant wither, transverse and longitudinal sections are covered with clear rusty-red tracheae. Yellow oily streaks are clearly visible at the sites of stem lesions. The leaves are covered with chlorotic spots, which increase to 10 mm. with a light halo around the circumference, and have a red-brown color. A plant affected by vascular bacteriosis develops very poorly and eventually dies. Fruits affected by this disease look unattractive and have poor taste. Aphids do not linger on diseased plants for a long time and after a while move to healthy ones. Therefore, under field and greenhouse conditions, insect populations on healthy plants are two to three times larger than on diseased ones. Cucumber mosaic virus belongs to the group of non-persistent viruses: such viruses do not linger in the body of the carrier and "travel" with it only to the first oncoming plant. They invent special distribution mechanisms that allow them to quickly infect a large number of plants. For example, people with malaria are known to be more attractive to mosquitoes that carry it.​
4. , and another day at a temperature

The dwarf form differs in that the plant immediately lags far behind in growth and development from healthy ones, forms small leaves on strongly branching shoots. The internodes are shortened, the ovaries often fall off, and the formed fruits are irregular in shape. Plants affected by the tobacco mosaic virus often stun, and later form ugly and defective fruits, usually small in size with yellowish or brown spots. Foliar feeding of plants with biostimulants and microelement solutions for the formation of immunity. This disease affects both the stems and petioles and leaves of peppers, fruits. Elongated dark-colored spots appear on the stem and petioles, and many small watery spots appear on the leaves, in the center of which are lighter areas, surrounded by spots of a darker color, increasing over time.Soft bacterial rot;

2a. The sap of a diseased plant can be an effective mediator in the spread of viruses if knives, pruners and other tools used in pruning and/or grafting procedures are not disinfected. For disinfection, it is customary to use a 5% solution of potassium permanganate KMnO

is this:

Beet mosaic (Beta) caused by a specific Beet mosaic virus. It is dangerous for fodder, sugar, table beets, as well as for Spinach (Spinacia);

• Sources of cucumber vascular bacteriosis infection: the disease is caused by the bacterium Er-winia toxika Korobko. Pantogen is found in undecayed residues and seeds. The disease is especially dangerous for cucumbers grown in film greenhouses.
• The virus does not tolerate high temperatures, so infection can be avoided if the seeds are heated to 52-58 ° C before sowing. True, not all plants can withstand such warming. To grow seedlings, you should use composted or sterilized substrates or soil from a deep soil horizon, as we do. Regular inspections and removal of infected plants with roots (they are buried deep into the ground away from the site) should be carried out, weeds should be destroyed as possible infection reservoirs during the season, and especially during the off-season period. Regularly combat aphids during the growing season with the help of biological products or pesticides such as Actellik, Aktara, etc., you can make plants unattractive to aphids by spraying them with strong-smelling substances, such as aromatic oils. Or unpleasant for pest vectors to colonize, as after spraying with ten percent skim milk.
• +75+800С

Cucumber mosaic virus, unlike tobacco mosaic virus, is not seed-borne. If you do not wash your tools or hands thoroughly when working with plants, then with your own hands you can transfer the cucumber mosaic virus from diseased plants to healthy ones. In addition, the virus can be transmitted by insects, especially aphids.​

• Also, TMV can be affected and root system pepper, however, this can only be established through special laboratory tests, there are no external manifestations.
• Spraying peppers with copper-containing preparations.

On the fruits, at first, small, oily and convex dark dots appear, which subsequently become bigger size. Gradually, these spots turn into sores on the fruits, which are surrounded by greenish tissues.

lightning fast bacterial wilt;

parnik-teplitsa.ru

Cucumber mosaic virus

1) bright yellow stripes appear along the main veins of the leaves; 2) the leaves become smaller and wrinkle; 3) you cannot count on rich fruiting. - Celery mosaic. It also affects Carrots (Daucus), and Parsnip (Pastinaca), and Parsley (Petroselinum), and Cumin (Carum), and Dill (Anethum graveolens), and Fennel (Foeniculum) - in short, all vegetable plants from the Umbrella family ( Apiaceae); Preventive and protective measures against vascular bacteriosis of cucumber:

Symptoms

Do not forget to disinfect knives and scissors that were used to trim plants with a five percent solution of potassium permanganate. Another method of protection is the cultivation of varieties resistant to the cucumber mosaic virus. As, for example, cucumber hybrids Pasamonte, Pasadeno, Pasalimo, Ofix, Octopus. Remember - viral diseases of plants are incurable, so the main thing is prevention.​

Peculiarities

To prevent the disease of pepper in the greenhouse with the cucumber mosaic virus, first of all, it is necessary to remove the affected plants. Be sure to remove all weeds not only in the greenhouse, but also around it, in order to destroy all breeding sites of the insect - the carrier of this virus - aphids.

Some wild species are resistant to tobacco mosaic damage, as well as such cultivars and hybrids as: The causative agents of this group of pepper diseases are viruses, the peculiarity of which is dependence on host plant cells, without which they cannot function and multiply. As a rule, this disease occurs with a sharp drop in air temperature.

black bacterial spot;

Control measures

specifics for

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Viral and bacterial diseases of cucumber. Preventive and protection of cucumber from diseases | Agro2.ru - Agriculture, business

Mosaic common cucumber

- Soy mosaic (Glycine max);

Mandatory disinfection of greenhouses.

Almost all pumpkin crops, if improperly maintained, are at risk of common mosaic disease. The virus can infect both plants in the field and in greenhouses. Seedlings immediately show the first symptoms of the disease, they appear in the form of light chlorotic "marble", later dying areas on the leaves. When plants are infected with the common mosaic virus, the number of female flowers decreases, the internodes are shortened, and the fruits become light green in color. Dark green spots similar to warts also appear, which are easy to see against a light background. Puffiness appears on young leaves, the cotyledons of the affected seedlings turn yellow, plant growth slows down, death is possible if the temperature is lowered. Over time, the leaves on the affected plants shrivel.

Chemical treatment consists in immersing the seeds for 1 hour in a 10-15% solution of trisodium phosphate, or in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 30 minutes.

English cucumber mosaic

​AriesF1;​

The main signs of viral diseases of pepper in the greenhouse are:

up to +160С+180С

Viral necrosis of cucumber

3. The many-legged "guests" of the sites are subject to destruction - ticks (herbivorous), bedbugs (various), aphids (the main carriers of viruses). ​

Mosaic Cherry Disease

- Tomato mosaic. Its causative agent is the same TMV (Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus, synonymous with Tomato mosaic virus). Over 300 more plant species may turn out to be its "owners" (and in fact - victims): Eggplant (Solanum melongena), Potato, Beetroot, Spinach, etc.

Prevention with the help of chemical sprays with copper-containing preparations.

Angular spotting of cucumber (bacteriosis)

The Cucumber mosaic virus is the main causative agent of the common cucumber mosaic. The virus is transmitted different types insects (mainly aphids), it is stored in weed tissues. The main reservoirs of infection are field sow thistle, dahlias, gladioli, zinnias, cannes, phloxes. Often, infection with the virus occurs as a result of agrotechnical work, when picking fruits. The virus is not transmitted with cucumber seeds.

Tip: if you want to not only disinfect the seeds, but also increase their germination, then you can immerse them for 10 minutes in a 2% sodium hydroxide solution.

This viral disease manifests itself primarily in the upper part of the plant. Reddish-brown streaks or stripes appear on leaves, stems, and petioles. Parts of the plant affected by this disease become brittle and very brittle. In this case, the deformation of the leaf plates occurs, and the plants themselves slow down the pace of their growth and development.

Atlant;

Wet rot cucumber

reduction in leaf size;

, with high humidity air.​

As a rule, this disease affects peppers grown in film greenhouses. Its occurrence is facilitated by constantly high humidity, and high temperatures, which are kept in the range

4. Take seeds exclusively from healthy plants and treat as follows before sowing:

Vascular bacteriosis of cucumber

is this:

If the Tomato is attacked by TMV in the company, for example, with the cucumber mosaic virus and / or with the X-virus of the Potato, then the result may be a streak (see a separate article about it in our "Garden Encyclopedia");

Avoid mechanical damage to plants.

1. Preventive and protective measures against ordinary cucumber mosaic:
2. After the chemical disinfection procedure, the seeds must be washed for 10-15 minutes under running cold water, and then dried.
3. The streak virus (streak) can be transmitted:
4. Jiminy;

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Mosaic

Mosaic. Description of the disease.

dwarfism of plants;

Lightning bacterial wilt of pepper is characterized by a fairly rapid withering of the entire plant. It is this disease that is one of the reasons why the pepper turns yellow in the greenhouse. Not only the color of the leaves changes, but the lower stem part of the plant is also affected. Bacteria, multiplying, fill all the vessels of the plant, thereby blocking the access of nutrients from the soil.

​from +250С to +350С​

​4a) heat at 55-58°C for 3 days plus 1 more day at 80°C; 4b) alternative thermal "attack" mode: heat 3 days at 70°C, another 3 days at 50°C and, finally, 1 day at 80 ° C; 4c) pickle with potassium permanganate (the same 5% solution as in paragraph 2a); 4d) against the alfalfa mosaic Pepper and TMV seem to help soaking the seeds for 15-30 minutes in 2% - hydrochloric acid solution HCl, in 2% sodium hydroxide solution NaOH or in 10% sodium phosphate (trisodium phosphate) Na

1) yellow stripes are clearly visible along the veins of the leaves; 2) the leaves are deformed, twisted, change color from green to red, then turn brown and fall off long before the normal period; 3) this disease does not affect the berries in any way; 4) it can "hide "on a tree for as long as 9 months, without making itself felt.

- Prunus domestica mosaic disease; - Cherry mosaic disease (Prunus avium); - Apple tree mosaic disease (Malus); - Cherry mosaic ringing; - Potato wrinkled mosaic; cucumovirus (CMV). It can successfully attack more than 700 plant species. Among them - Cabbage, Carrot, Pepper, Tomato, Beans; - striped (vein) mosaic of Black Currant (Ribes nigrum) ...

For sowing, use only healthy seeds.

​It is not recommended to grow cucumbers near ornamental plantations, especially if they are susceptible to the virus. Be sure to carry out disinfection of garden equipment and tools. If diseased plants are found, they should be removed immediately. Timely destroy weeds and pests.

Preventive treatment of seedlings, every 10 days with a solution of potassium permanganate (5 g per 10 liters of water).

in case of mechanical damage to infected plants during transplantation or processing;

Gift of the Caspian Sea;

The death of individual organs or parts of a plant;

If you cut the stem of the affected plant, then whitish mucus will flow from the place of the cut.

specifics for

Cucumbers are mentioned four times in the list - but this is not enough: know that they are also susceptible to infection with white mosaic, and there is a separate article for it in the Garden Encyclopedia.

The term "mosaic" is used by plant growers in the designations of diseases that make up a large group of the most unpleasant and dangerous - viral ones. (In the names of diseases from the second group, no less extensive, the term "jaundice" is used.)

The disease English cucumber mosaic spreads to all pumpkin crops, except for pumpkin. Cucumbers located in closed ground are especially susceptible to this disease. English cucumber mosaic causes 25-50% yield loss, it all depends on the degree of development of the disease and the pathogenicity of the virus. Mostly young plants are affected. On the 20-30th day after planting the seedlings in a permanent place, the first symptoms of the disease appear. The development of the disease is especially affected by a sharp increase in air temperature up to 30 ° C. The symptoms of the English cucumber mosaic are similar to the symptoms of an ordinary mosaic. Fruits are affected by wrinkled, light stripes. Diseased plants grow slowly, the leaves become covered with white or yellowish spots in the form of stars, after a while the spots merge, the leaves become wrinkled, shortened. Hot weather is most favorable for the development of the English cucumber mosaic.​

Mandatory treatment (spraying) every two weeks of plants planted in a greenhouse, with skim milk diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10, with the addition of 1 tsp. spoons of urea per 10 liters of water.

Various insects - mites, aphids, thrips;

ring-shaped spots;

As with all other bacterial lesions, an important condition for the prevention of this disease is the observance of crop rotation rules, the destruction of all plant residues, as well as the disinfection of the greenhouse and the soil in it both in autumn and in spring.

In addition, very dense and excessively dense planting and sprinkling can contribute to the spread of bacterial contamination. be transmitted pathogenic bacterium can through non-disinfected tools, human hands, as well as insects.​

Mosaic Symptoms

Mosaic ringing Pears

As you can see, the picture is very cumbersome. And depressing - because not yet invented effective methods cure plants from viral diseases chemicals. ​

A serious study of such diseases began in 1886 by the Dutch. The first objects selected were bushes of species of the genus Tobacco (Nicotiana), grown for the production of cigars.​

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus is the causative agent of English cucumber mosaic. The virus is transmitted through plant sap. Seeds affected by the disease are the main sources of the spread of the disease. During plant care activities, the virus infects healthy plants. Plant residues, seeds, soil are sources of infection.

Carrying out regular foliar top dressing of pepper with microelements.

Infected seeds.

​Indalo F1;​ Mosaic leaf color. To prevent pepper damage in the greenhouse by various bacterial infections, a number of preventive measures should be taken. Instructions for prevention are as follows:

This disease affects the leaves, shoots and fruits of pepper.

​4​is this: Mosaic diseases are characterized, as a rule, by five main features:

Tobacco growers in many countries have long been faced with a scourge called "tobacco mosaic disease". It can destroy entire plantations. Salvation is seen only in the timely search for and elimination of specimens covered with bright green, dark green and / or light yellow spots. ​

​strong>Preventive and protective measures against English cucumber mosaic:​​Advice: for foliar dressings, you can use both special formulations sold in the store, and make them yourself. This will require 10 liters of water: 2 g of boric acid, 2 g of copper sulfate, 2 g of zinc sulfate and 4 g of manganese sulfate. Brownish-brown areas of dying tissue appear on pepper fruits. The development of this disease is facilitated by insufficient illumination of each plant, high planting density and high humidity in the greenhouse.

​Cardinal F1;​

Consider the most common viral diseases of pepper in the greenhouse: Mandatory observance of crop rotation: On leaves affected by bacterial cancer, areas with irregular shape, painted in dark brown, the center of which has a lighter color. In the future, all the spots merge into one common one, which gradually lengthens and becomes covered with a crust.

, but the latter is unfavorable for water bodies in the environment. ​

1) the foliage is "adorned" with whitish or pale green rings (not necessarily closed - that is, having the form of curved stripes). These lesions are easier to see "in the light"; 2) then they acquire a bronze (or less elegant - brown) color, already clearly visible in reflected light; 3) the latent (latent) period can also last 9 months; 4) you need to know that the insidious virus of this disease is able to "sit down" on Quince, and on 1) first of all - the motley coloring of the affected organs of the aerial part of the plant. Their surfaces are dotted with spots (the sizes and outlines of which are very diverse - sometimes they are not rounded, but elongated or almost rectangular stripes), as if built into the general appearance of a leaf or fruit, like pieces of a mosaic. The color of the spots is often white or contrast green, and the intensity of whiteness or contrast is not constant (the same); Russian scientist D.I. Ivanovsky (1863-1920) graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at the Imperial St. to work at the Department of Botany, because from the student's bench he became interested in another disease of Tobacco - the grouse, which often destroyed its crops in Moldova and Ukraine. Then Dmitry Iosifovich got the position of an assistant in the botanical laboratory of the Academy of Sciences in the capital, "switched" to the tobacco mosaic disease, got acquainted with the reports of the Dutch - and in 1892 published his assumption about its origin. ​

It is necessary to keep the sowing of cucumbers in a state clean from weeds. In greenhouses, the soil temperature should be at least 17C. It is necessary to disinfect the substrates with a 2% formalin solution, steam the soil in the greenhouse. Maintain the optimal regime of mineral nutrition of the soil and plants.​

Regular removal of weeds from the greenhouse and around it.

​Prevention and control measures for this disease are identical to those for tobacco mosaic virus control.​ FidelioF1; Tobacco mosaic.

do not plant Bell pepper in the same place every year;​

On fruits, this disease manifests itself in the form of small brown spots with a lighter border. Gradually, many small spots merge into larger ones, the diameter of which can be from 1 to 3 cm. 5. Please also note:​ An apple tree located close enough to the affected Pear, however, outwardly its presence on those plants often does not appear. ​

2) changing the shape of leaf blades;

For the first time, it was possible to see the virus alive only in 1939 - and with the help of not even a light microscope, but an electronic one. However, the year of the discovery of viruses is considered to be 1892, and the founder of virology is D.I. Ivanovsky.

Mosaic control and prevention measures.

Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) is the causative agent of cucumber disease - viral necrosis. The virus is actively spreading among many representatives of plant families, it affects vegetable, industrial, fruit, berry, flower, and ornamental crops. With the spread of the virus and the disease, the crop is lost by 20-50%, because. plants die prematurely.

Destruction of insects that are carriers of viral diseases.

Do not plant pepper in places where in previous

Flamenco;

Cucumber mosaic. Do not plant this plant after any representatives of the nightshade family (tomatoes, eggplant); Before proceeding with the removal of diseased plants, it is necessary to process healthy bushes in the greenhouse. To this end, healthy pepper bushes are sprayed in the morning with any copper-containing preparation, for example, copper sulfate or copper oxychloride.

​5a) the stability of the CMV virus is relatively low, and after 2 years of storage of seeds, it can completely lose its viability; 5b) on the contrary, VZKMO remains almost without loss for a year on equipment and clothes, in soil, in plant debris, on seeds, survives when dried, when frozen, when heated to 90 ° C; 5c) "White pouring", "Wine", "Liflyandskoye", "Autumn striped", "Renet gold" are more prone to mosaic disease than other varieties of Apple trees.

specifics for

3) their loss of juiciness; Here is a list (long, but still incomplete) of viral mosaics currently known to mankind: In the form of small brown-brown necrotic spots on the leaves, symptoms of the disease appear. Often the spots on the leaves are located along the veins of the leaf and cover almost the entire leaf, which eventually dies. Small light spots with a dark green border spread on the fruits, the fruits are very small and deformed. In a period of low light, symptoms appear much more often.​The videos below will show you how to properly presow pepper seeds and foliar top dressing, as well as how to treat plants infected with a particular disease. ​3-4 years​

Diseases of cucumber seedlings Anti-aging pruning

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Larisa Kipa 07/15/2015 | 5832

Viral mosaic is one of the most dangerous diseases of garden plants, which is characterized by rapid spread over a large area. Is it possible to deal with it?

The disease is particularly resistant to any treatment methods, which is why it is considered so dangerous. The main symptoms of the lesion are shapeless yellowish-green, brown or gray spots on the leaves, which, as they grow, cause deformation, twisting and necrosis of the leaf plate. The stem of a mosaic-affected plant thickens and cracks, roots and bulbs are destroyed, strokes and spots appear on the buds and petals of flowers.

Necrosis is the process of necrosis of tissues in a living organism as a result of their damage.

How virus mosaic spreads

Plants affected by mosaic leaves look oppressed, gradually wither and die. Only preventive measures and treatment in the initial stages are effective. With a significant lesion, it is useless to fight the viral mosaic, you can only remove the plant along with the roots and burn it, and disinfect the soil with fungicides.

Varieties of viral mosaic

There are many varieties of viral mosaic that affect certain groups of garden and garden plants - these are mosaic common, speckled, white, tobacco, wrinkled, striped. Exists tomato mosaic And legumes, ornamental mosaic, shrubs, cereals And fruit plants, mosaic of cabbage, beets, cucumbers.

If the disease has affected one group of plants, you should not hope that all other crops will survive safely until autumn. Mosaic viruses of certain species successfully spread to other plants at any time during the growing season, are resistant to chemicals and are able to retain their qualities for many years in soil, seeds and plant bulbs. Tomato mosaic, for example, can affect petunias, potatoes, lettuce. Often on one plant you can find a mosaic of two or more species.

Prevention

Garden flowers affected by the mosaic - roses, dahlias, daffodils, lilies, hyacinths, tulips - lose their decorative effect, lag behind in growth and gradually dry out. Therefore, before planting, planting material should be carefully checked. bulbs should be firm and smooth, without cracks and brown depressed spots. Healthy seeds– dry and strong, without signs of mold and signs of deformation.

If seeds, bulbs or seedlings are purchased from a specialized store or market, new plants must be planted on separate area or in a container and inspect seedlings or seedlings daily for several days for symptoms of mosaic. The characteristic signs of the disease do not appear immediately, and inexperienced flower growers often bring already infected plants from the store.

It is impossible to use planting material taken from a diseased plant!

Before boarding it is necessary to completely clear the site of weeds, decaying leaves, branches and burn them. Since the main carriers of infection are sucking insects, you should get rid of them in time, without waiting until they give numerous offspring and destroy or infect the entire garden with mosaics. For example, efficient and environmentally friendly aphid control agent it is not difficult to cook it yourself: about 1 kg of fresh leaves and stalks of nettle should be crushed, pour 10 liters of boiling water, insist for 10-12 hours, then strain and spray the plants. The aphid also does not tolerate the following composition, which is recommended to spray the plants every 2 weeks: pour 0.5 liters of alcohol and 200 g of green soap into 10 liters of water, mix thoroughly.

Most often, the mosaic affects plants with a weakened immune system, so when planting flowers in a permanent place, care should be taken to ensure that they grow not too thick. In addition, it is recommended to shade the seedlings and provide them with the necessary amount of moisture and top dressing. To strengthen immunity it is advisable to spray the flowers every 10-15 days with a solution of Epin-Extra.

In all treatments, it is important to take precautions: garden tools and gloves must be disinfected with alcohol.

How to deal with the disease

It is rather difficult to immediately make an accurate diagnosis when flowers are affected by a mosaic, since flower growers often mistake the first symptoms of the disease for manifestations of a genetic mutation. Variegation or discoloration and the appearance of dashes, strokes and lines on the petals of tulips, which are especially often victims of mosaics, look extremely picturesque in the first stage of the disease.

When the first signs of a mosaic appear, you can try to save the plant. Affected leaves and buds should be carefully cut and treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate and powdered charcoal. With the secondary appearance of symptoms, the plant must be destroyed. Unlike indoor flowers, which, if necessary, are easy to isolate and hold in quarantine for a couple of weeks, it is almost impossible to protect garden flowers from damage to the viral leaf mosaic.

And yet, if the flowers are properly cared for and constantly monitored for their growth, the disease can be prevented or stopped. Be attentive to your green pets and they won't give you too much trouble.

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Mosaic plant diseases

The material is an explanation and addition to the article:
Viral infections
How to identify viral plant diseases. Leaves turn yellow, turn white, curl, flowers change color, spots appear. How to cure a plant. How to determine. How to prevent infection

Viral diseases of plants are very diverse, and it is difficult to correctly determine which virus a plant is sick with. As a rule, the nature of the disease is determined by the external changes in the plant. The leaves change color, spots or stripes of a different color appear on them. One of the most common groups of viral infections are mosaic diseases.

mosaic diseases that affect plants are viral diseases that manifest themselves as a mosaic coloring of the affected parts of the plant. In most cases, leaves and fruits are affected. spots appear different shapes and sizes, usually green or white in varying intensity. A diseased plant begins to lag behind in growth, the shape of the leaf blades changes. There are various ways of transmitting the disease. The disease is transmitted by the seeds and juice of a diseased plant when picking seedlings, pinching, when parts of diseased and healthy plants come into contact, especially injured ones. The carriers of the disease are insect pests, such as aphids, bedbugs, mites, soil nematodes.

Viral infection penetrates plants through damaged areas, through soil, seeds. There are many mosaic diseases, the most common and harmful of them are mosaic diseases of shrubs, ornamental and fruit plants, mosaic of tobacco and tomato, cabbage, beets, peas, soybeans, beans, speckled and wrinkled mosaic of potatoes, white mosaic and green mosaic of cucumber.

tobacco mosaic has been a disaster for tobacco growers in many countries. It first affected one bush, and then spread very quickly throughout the plantation. The leaves were covered with bright green spots, and then swelled, lost their juiciness. As a result, they became completely unsuitable. The only way to combat the disease that tobacco growers could use was the timely identification and destruction of infected plants. In 1886, scientists from Holland described this disease in detail. And the Russian scientist, D. I. Ivanovsky, in 1892, after a series of different experiments, having researched by Dutch scientists, discovered the existence of viruses.

The whole difficulty of the situation is that there is no effective ways control of plant viral diseases. The only possible means of control is the prevention of the virus, the breeding of new varieties resistant to the virus. At the initial stage of the disease of the plant, it is possible to remove the infected parts of the plant, but if the virus progresses, it is necessary to destroy the plant completely.

white mosaic. This virus is capable of infecting more than 300 plant species and can spread along with the green mosaic virus. The causative agent is Cucumis virus 2A.

Spreading

Distributed everywhere, but prefers warm climates.

Symptoms

Signs of the disease are light spots along the veins on the leaves of young plants. Star-shaped spots and light yellow rings also appear. With the development of the virus, the entire leaf begins to turn white or yellow. On diseased plants, the foliage becomes small, and the plant itself is oppressed. A temperature of 30 degrees is the most suitable for the intensive development of the virus. Also, the development of the disease contributes to the thickening of the plant. The most common mode of transmission of the virus is through sap when caring for plants. The virus remains directly on the inventory, persists in the soil, seeds and plant debris.

Disease prevention

For the prevention of viral infection, the thermal regime and density of plants should be observed. The virus is affected by temperature fluctuations. The distributors of viral infection are pests, so it is worth monitoring and destroying them in a timely manner. If, nevertheless, the disease manifested itself, it is necessary to isolate the infected plant, process the entire inventory. In case of complete death of the plant, it is necessary to destroy it, throw away the soil, disinfect the pot with special care.

Ways to fight

It is very difficult to identify a specific viral disease. It is not possible to destroy the virus directly with chemical preparations, therefore, in order to avoid infection, it is necessary to carry out the correct prevention of the disease. Sucking pests, which are among the first carriers of infection, should be dealt with. The most common are aphids and thrips. It often happens that the virus is transmitted through damaged areas of roots and stems. If infected areas are identified, they should be removed, washed thoroughly with soap and water, and the equipment used should be treated with alcohol. When choosing cuttings, you should pay attention to the fact that the plant is healthy. Because the virus is spread by high temperature, the plant should be shaded and sprayed more often.

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This virus settles in the tissue of vegetable and flower crops, where it multiplies intensively and leads to its further death. The spread of this disease leads to disruption of the process of photosynthesis.

In order to quickly get rid of this scourge in the garden, you need to know the main signs of infection.:

1. Whitish stains appear on the leaves of vegetables, the leaf becomes discolored.
2. Yellow spots on leaves.
3. The leaves lose their green color, become spotty, the cells begin to divide and form tubercles that resemble a mosaic.
4. The surface of the infected plant becomes thin and prone to breakage.
5. In the process of spreading the virus, the leaves begin to deform.
6. Fruits of vegetables become small and ripen late.

If signs of infection are ignored, then the infected culture will become a source of infection and infect healthy individuals.

What plants are susceptible to infection?

The virus penetrates into healthy cultures through the contact of the patient's juice with healthy ones, this happens when:

1. Planting seeds from a previously infected fruit.
2. Through contact with the plant of infected vectors of ticks, nematodes, aphids, bedbugs.
3. When planting, pinching, vegetative propagation, when there is a high probability of infection directly on the plant.
4. Penetration of the infected juice on the inventory in the garden, and later on vegetable crops by mechanical means.
5. In case of accidental injury to the plant.
6. When carrying pollen.

This infection pairs well with other viruses and becomes detrimental as the plant begins to rot and wither.

The virus is stored on plants for a long time, even winter frosts are unable to destroy it.

It is believed that it was the study of TMV that laid the foundation for the science of virology.

How to treat?

It is quite difficult to cure the tobacco mosaic virus, but if you immediately start taking measures at the first symptoms, then you can save the culture. With advanced forms, the plant must be burned, since there is a high probability of transfer of bacteria to healthy individuals.

Ways:

1. At the first appearance of a color change on the leaves, it is necessary to immediately treat it with a solution of whey (100 ml of whey per 1 liter of boiled water) with the addition of any micronutrient fertilizers.
2. It is necessary to replace the top layer of soil (15-20 cm).
3. Spray with a solution of milk (1 liter of milk per 10 liters of boiled water) and add a few drops of pharmacy iodine.
4. Treat with a solution of any fungicide.

Prevention

Since it is very difficult to get rid of this disease, gardeners recommend taking preventive measures, in order to prevent the occurrence of a virus, for this you need:

1. Plant seeds only from proven healthy vegetables and flowers.
2. Periodically disinfect all inventory in the garden.
3. Annually in greenhouses, replace the top layer of soil.
4. If possible, vaccinate tomatoes.
5. Disinfect seeds by treating a solution of potassium permanganate or 20% hydrochloric acid for 30-35 minutes.
6. Effectively steaming the topsoil for 2-3 hours.
7. Periodically spray nightshade plants with a milky solution.
8. Timely remove weeds and tops, and burn them.
9. Fight insect pests.

Varieties resistant to the virus

Despite the fact that the disease affects many nightshade crops, there are varieties that are resistant to it:

Despite the fact that all varieties are resistant to TMV, the risk of the disease still exists, therefore, even these varieties must be properly cared for.

Blitz tips to prevent TMV:

1. Plant only healthy seeds, after treating them with a solution of potassium permanganate.
2. Periodically treat with a milk solution or whey solution.
3. Fight all pests such as mites, aphids, bed bugs.
4. If possible, change the topsoil annually.
5. Sanitize all equipment in the garden.
6. Water once every 2 weeks with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
7. Timely clean and burn tops, leaves and weeds in the summer cottage.
8. Spray all crops in the garden in the evening with a solution of any trace elements to boost immunity.
9. At the end and at the beginning of the sowing season, steam the topsoil.
10. Minimize any injury as much as possible vegetable crops, since TMV is transmitted through the juice.
11. Create right conditions for growth in the garden (lighting, watering, etc.)

Observing simple preventive measures, TMV will not be terrible for the garden. At the first appearance of infection, it is necessary to begin timely treatment. With an intense form of the disease, infected crops must be removed from the garden and burned.