Today we will talk about the capital of Finland - the city of Helsinki. And also about how to get to the city, what sights to see over the weekend and how to save money on a trip.
Helsinki was founded in 1550 by the Swedish king Gustav Vasa. For almost four hundred years of history, the city, like the whole of Finland, passed either to Russia or to Sweden, until finally, in 1917, Finland achieved independence.
The Finnish name Helsinki (Helsinki) and the Swedish Helsingfors (Helsingfors) are both official names for the city in these two languages.
Now slightly more than 600 thousand people live in Helsinki, and it is also constantly in the top of the best, comfortable, safe, but at the same time the most expensive cities in the world. If you are visiting Helsinki for the first time, then this series of articles should certainly help you.
Sights of Helsinki
Briefly about what you can see in Helsinki in two days, in our three-minute video. Read more detailed story below.
Walking around Helsinki, a Russian tourist can discover the city as an incredibly familiar place, as well as an absolute foreign one. The official languages here are Finnish and Swedish, and it will not be difficult to communicate with the Finns in English. Russian speech is also found, but mainly from tourists (more often from St. Petersburg).
You can start traveling around Helsinki from anywhere! For convenience, I will break our two-day budget trip into several articles: “Sights of Helsinki”, “” and “”.
Länsiterminaali West Terminal
The historic center of Helsinki is located on a peninsula with a heavily indented coastline. From three sides the city is surrounded by the Gulf of Finland, it is not surprising that Helsinki is the largest port in Finland. Helsinki is connected by maritime trade and transport links with Estonia, Sweden, Germany, Poland and Russia. 
People who prefer to travel by private cars can transport their iron horse between countries by ferry. 
The port area of any coastal city will no doubt be on the list of attractions. From the West Terminal there are tram and bus, Bunkkeri stop. 
Monumental and decorative work "Horizon". The project of a metal work was presented by professor, designer Hannu Kähönen: “The length of this monument corresponds to the average depth of the Baltic Sea, which is only 54 meters. In this way I wanted to illustrate the vulnerability of the Baltic Sea. I hope that this work will shine and sparkle as a symbol of a clean Baltic Sea.” 
In Helsinki, you can find many nice little things, for example, a shiny ball near the water and not a single cigarette butt around! 
Or this strange pissing man (also in the western port), I think he came from another planet. In fact, this is a portable fountain, in winter, of course, it does not work, and in summer it is placed near the water. 
Street Kalevankatu
From the western terminal to the center of Helsinki is within easy reach. Of course, you can get there by public transport, or you can walk for 20 minutes, for example, along Kalevankatu street.
As you move away from the port, the houses will take on more and more picturesque appearance: 
Hotel Torni (free observation deck)
The Torni Hotel was built in 1931 and was the tallest building in Finland for 40 years. "Torni" is Finnish for "tower".
Hotel Torni is one of the main attractions of Helsinki, because it is from here that you can admire the city from a bird's eye view for free.
Hotel address: Yrjönkatu, 26. 
We go to the hotel, go straight to the elevator and go up to the 12th floor! If the elevator button does not work, then the bar is still closed. Go to the reception and ask in English: “When will it be possible to go upstairs?” They perfectly understand where and why you are going, they answer with a smile and kindly. We were told that the bar will open from 14.00.
On the 12th floor, a panoramic view of the city already opens, but through the glazing. They are standing right there soft chairs and you can use the toilet for free (also with panoramic windows). The bar is above. To get there, we climb a narrow winding staircase, go out onto the summer terrace and admire Helsinki! 
Helsinki is a low-rise city, so the 12th floor is enough to see it all in full view. In the photo below, on the right, you can see a tall white and blue building in the distance - this is the port where we came from. 
And we are going to go here: to the white temple, another port and other sights. 
Kamppi Chapel
Kamppi Chapel (chapel of silence, chapel of silence) is a very unusual representation of the chapel in our (Russian) view: this chapel does not even have a cross, and the shape is somehow strange.
Kamppi Chapel was built in 2012 and belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. This is such a quiet, warm and bright place where everyone can come and take a break from the bustle of the city, as well as the staff of the chapel provide psychological assistance to all those in need.
Working hours: Mon-Fri 8:00-20:00; on weekends 10:00-18:00.
Address: Simonkatu, 7 
The chapel is the embodiment of nature. It is completely made of wood (walls, ceiling, benches), it seems that the rays of the sun make their way through the roof (which is often not enough in cloudy Helsinki), pillows in the form of stones, sand. 
Rautatientori station square
Station Square is also a kind of landmark of every city. Perhaps this is where your journey begins. In any case, there is also something to see here.
Helsinki Central Railway Station was built in 1904-1914. in northern modern style. It is an architectural monument. The front side of the building is decorated with giant stone atlantes as tall as the building itself.
There is a metro station under the railway station building. And literally across the road is the Helsinki bus station. 
In winter, a skating rink is flooded at the station square itself. 
The Finnish national theater Suomen Kansallisteatteri was built in 1902 (and was founded much earlier - in 1872 in the city of Pori, Finland). The theater building periodically hosts performances based on the works of Russian classics: Chekhov, Tolstoy, Gogol, Dostoevsky, Turgenev, Gorky, Uspensky.
In front of the theater building there is a monument to the Finnish writer Aleksis Kivi, the founder of realistic literature in Finnish. 
Opposite is a no less spectacular building - the Ateneum Museum. This is the central art museum of Finland, named after the ancient Greek goddess Athena. The building was built in 1887. The museum fund has more than 20 thousand exhibits. 
Since February 10, 2017, asylum seekers from Iraq, Afghanistan, Somalia and their supporters have set up a tent city in front of the museum building and have declared that they will not leave until the authorities stop the deportation of refugees from Finland. 
Mikonkatu street
Mikonkatu Street is filled with shopping and business centers. 
There is also a very interesting corner house in the style of national romanticism of Finland, built in 1900. It was the first building in Finland designed for a trading company. The house is decorated with images of medieval women surrounded by forest. 
Mikonkatu street goes straight to the Esplanadin puisto park.
Esplanadinpuisto Park
The linden park Esplanade (Esplanadinpuisto) was laid out in the very center of Helsinki in the 1830s. The alley of trees was included in the city's development plan as early as 1812. Of course, walk here better in summer, and now just admire the sights of the surroundings. 
The Swedish Theater (an inconspicuous white building) appeared on this site in 1827. Then it was a wooden building. In 1866 and 1936 rebuilt. The performances are in Swedish.
Monument to the Finnish poet Johan Ludwig Runeberg, who wrote in Swedish about the common Finnish people. The monument, made by the son of the poet Walter Magnus, was erected in 1885 in the center of the linden garden in Helsinki. It is interesting that the monument is not signed, supposedly everyone already knows to whom it is dedicated. At the bottom of the monument is the Virgin of Finland (Suomi-neito) with the anthem of Finland. 
Restaurant Kappeli, like a museum. He appeared here back in 1840 in the form of a small counter and since then "grew" to a restaurant. The place is definitely touristy: there is a restaurant, a cafe, a bar, a summer terrace, a fountain and other goodies. I can’t recommend or dissuade, because we didn’t go inside. 
Fountain "Havis Amanda" (Havis Amanda), which means "sea nymph" in Swedish. According to the Finnish sculptor Ville Wallgren, a young maiden emerging from the sea symbolizes Helsinki in the best possible way. The sculpture was cast in Paris in 1906 and installed only in 1908. 
Esplanade Park is located between the two carriageways Eteläesplanadi (South Esplanadi) and Pohjoiesplanadi (North Esplanadi). The houses along these streets were built in the 19th century.
Grönqvist House (Grönqvistin talo), built in 1882-1883. 
Hotel Kämp, built in 1887 
Both buildings were designed by the same architect. Similar buildings can be found both in Moscow and in St. Petersburg, and in many other cities of Russia. For example, the house of E. A. Dernova (St. Petersburg, Gorokhovaya st., 61), or the profitable house of K. B. Corpus (St. Petersburg, Gorokhovaya st., 16), located on the same street.
Huge "My Helsinki" sign. Glowing at night. 
Market Square Kauppatori
The market square of Kauppatori is still a market place. Locals shop here fresh vegetables and fish, and tourists - souvenirs. Since 1594, a herring fair has been held every year in October on the market square. The market is open on weekends in the morning.
Tram and bus stop: Kauppatori 
The market square adjoins the bay, you can walk along the water, admire the boats and ferries, or even swim to the island of Suomenlinna (I’ll talk about it a little later). Someone opens restaurants in old ships: 
Parking with the cutest turtles. 
I consider it inhumane to insert stakes in turtles, even if they are just figurines, it looks just creepy. 
The Stele of the Empress (Keisarinnankivi) is installed in the very center of the Market Square. The stella with a double-headed eagle was installed in 1835 after Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Emperor Nicholas I, visited Helsinki. Russian Empire. During the revolution of 1917, when Finland gained its independence, the double-headed eagle was dropped. It was installed again on the obelisk in 1972. 
The Assumption Cathedral can be seen in the background. 
And pay attention to the buildings around the Market Square - a typical St. Petersburg, except for atypical blinds on the windows. 
Assumption Cathedral
The Assumption Cathedral (Uspenski katedreeli) was built in 1868, during the reign of Emperor Alexander II, when Finland was part of the Russian Empire. It is the largest in the North and Western Europe Orthodox Cathedral. The cathedral and adjoining houses stand on a separate island, to which a bridge is thrown from the Market Square - this is where the Katajanokka district begins (in translation - Juniper Cape). If you have a couple of hours to spare, take a stroll around Katajanokka and admire the interesting Finnish Art Nouveau houses. 
The white building in front of the cathedral is the headquarters of Stura Enso. This is a Finnish-Swedish timber industry company, one of the largest in the world. Its roots go back to the distant year 1288. 
Suomenlinna or Sveaborg island
Suomenlinna - translated from Finnish "Finnish fortress", Sveaborg - translated from Swedish "Swedish fortress". This is a bastion system of fortifications on the islands, now a museum and a residential area. Why two names? The fortress was built in the 18th century, when Finland belonged to Sweden, after gaining independence, the Finns renamed the fortress Finnish. But, since Finland left two main languages, two names were assigned to the fortress.
How to get there? Getting there is very simple: a ferry departs from the Market Square literally every hour to the island. Ferry tickets are sold at the pier in the terminals. The minimum ticket price (round trip) for a 12-hour walk = 5 €. There are also daily public transport passes on the ferry.
If you sail in the evening, make sure that there is a return ferry, otherwise you will have to spend the night on the island. Also in the evening there will be closed cafeterias, shops and museums.
Ticket terminals: 
Ferry to Suomenlinna-Sveaborg: 
There are wooden benches on the ferry, which even in winter are not enough for everyone. There is an exit deck, but in winter it is closed. Swimming is not long, 15-20 minutes. 
View from the island to Helsinki: 
Coastal Barracks or Main Gate. Date of construction - 1868-70. 
Suomenlinnan kirkko, also known as the lighthouse church. This Orthodox church was built in 1854 by order of Nicholas I as a garrison church for Russian soldiers. Later it was rebuilt into a Lutheran one. 
Military Museum: 
There are several bridges to the neighboring island of Susisaari (Wolf Island): 
Walking around the island of Susisaari is much more interesting, because it was the most fortified part, which means that beautiful bastions, passages and labyrinths have been preserved here. 
The walls are built of natural stone. All open tunnels are free to walk. In good weather, it will be interesting to spend almost the whole day on the islands, since the territory is much wider than shown in this article: beautiful rocky coasts, many corridors inside stone walls, hilly clearings and a beautiful view of the Baltic Sea. It is important to note that on the islands in the bastions there are free toilets that are open even late in the evening. 
"Big Yard", where the administrative center of the fortress and the commandant's house were located. Most of the original buildings were destroyed by the artillery of the Anglo-French fleet during the Crimean War in 1855, only the first floors were preserved during the restoration. 
In the center of the "Great Courtyard" is the grave-monument of Augustin Ehrensverd, the builder and the first commandant of the Sveaborg fortress. 
And these are residential buildings on the islands: 
Senate square
Senate square located in the central part of the city in the Kruununhaka area, which translates as "visiting card". From the Senate Square, a stone's throw to the Market Square and two steps to the railway station.
Tram and bus stop: Senaatintori
The absolutely symmetrical square was designed by Finnish architect of German origin Karl Ludwig Engel. Building was carried out during the entry of Finland into the Russian Empire: 1818-1852. Now it’s clear why the whole square evokes a feeling of deja vu: 
Karl Ludwig Engel definitely drew inspiration from Russia, especially from St. Petersburg.
The snow-white Cathedral (almost an exact copy of St. Isaac's Cathedral) is the main cathedral of the Lutheran Church in Finland and the main dominant of the Senate Square. 
Austerity and minimalism are what distinguishes the interior of a Lutheran cathedral from an Orthodox one: white walls, white columns, white statues of Martin Luther, Philip Melanchthon and Mikael Agricola. The only thing that decorates the temple inside is a small altar and a beautiful organ made in 1967 at the Danish factory Marcussen & Son. 
Opposite the cathedral:
Luxurious monument to Emperor Alexander II, erected in 1894. At the foot of the pedestal there are figures that personify "Law" (Lex), "Peace" (Pax), "Enlightenment" (Lux) and "Labor" (Labor).
The figure 1863, fixed at the bottom of the monument, denotes the year in which Alexander II granted the constitution of autonomous (at that time) Finland. 
The mansions of Swedish merchants of the 18th-19th centuries, the oldest among them is the Sederholm house, which now houses a free museum. The remaining merchant houses are now given over to offices, restaurants and shops. 
To the west of the cathedral:
Helsinki University. From 1640 to 1827 the university was located in the city of Abo (now Turku) as the Royal Academy of Abo. After a fire in 1827, by decree of Emperor Nicholas I, the university was transferred to Helsinki and renamed the Imperial Alexander University (in honor of the late brother of Alexander I). After the independence of Finland, the university was called the University of Helsinki. 
The National Library of Finland is the oldest library in the country, and simultaneously performs the functions of a university and national library. 
East of the Cathedral:
The building of the State Council (Government Palace), where the government of the country still works. In the same building there is a very important room - the President's Hall, in which the President of Finland approves the laws of the country.
Despite the fact that the photos were taken from different angles, you can see that the university building is an exact copy of the state council building, except that there is no clock. 
Museum of the University of Helsinki Arppeanum and Museum of the National Bank of Finland Suomen pankin rahamuseo. These are two free museums, they stand opposite each other on the right side of the cathedral. 
Temppeliaukion rock church (admission fee)
Temppeliaukio Church (Temppeliaukion kirkko) is a Lutheran parish church inside the rock, built (if I may say so) in 1969.
The developers of the unusual church were brothers-architects Timo and Tuomo Suomalainen. They built their project on the idea of harmony between the rock and the building, and the maximum preservation of the rocky surface. Obviously, best solution it was to place the church inside the rock, and not to build one next to the other.
The public did not immediately accept such an unusual project, there were both indignation and protests; someone was afraid of the strange appearance of the church, someone of the high cost of construction. However, soon after the completion of construction, the new church was filled with visitors, they began to write about it laudatoryly in foreign magazines, and the "temple in the rock" is still considered one of the best Finnish buildings. In 2004, the Temppeliaukio church was declared a protected architectural monument.
Address: Lutherinkatu, 3 (Etu-Töölö district)
Working hours: Mon-Sat from 10:00 to 17:00, Sun from 10:45 to 17:00
From the outside, the church looks like a rock. If you do not know that this is a church, then you can pass by. 
The entrance looks like the entrance to a bunker. 
Entrance to the church is paid = 3 €.
Another door is installed inside the church, next to which two girls with a cash register stand and give out such round ticket stickers, they are lying all over the church both inside and outside. If there are a lot of people, and there are almost always large crowds of tourists, you can take the opportunity. 
Inside the church looks just great: solid stone walls, light falling through the roof. But the winding of the roof took 22 km of copper wire.
Because of the excellent acoustics (thanks to the raw stone), concerts are often held in the church. 
You can go up to the second floor. The organ was manufactured by Finland's leading organ-building firm, Veikko Virtanen OY, but the design was developed by brother architects. 
Candles in the temple 
Not far from the church in the rock we saw a parking lot in the rock 🙂 
Street Mannerheimintie
Mannerheimintie Street is the central avenue of Helsinki. It starts at the Esplanadinpuisto park and goes to the north of the city for 5.5 km.
One of the most important museums in Helsinki, the National Museum of Finland (Suomen kansallismuseo), is located on this street. The expositions of the museum represent the whole history of Finland: from the Middle Ages to the present day. Those who have visited the museum highly recommend it. Entrance for adults - 10 €.
Opening hours: Tue-Sun 11:00-18:00, Mon — closed
Address: Mannerheimintie, 34 
The building was built in 1910 according to the project of Finnish architects. 
Not far from the National Museum of Finland is the Helsinki Music House (Musiikkitalo). The building was built in 2011 and is the main concert house in Helsinki with several halls and a chic foyer. 
In the courtyard of the building there is a funny composition "Singing Trees". The creative idea is based on the poem “The Pike Song” (Hauen laulu, 1928) by the Finnish poet Aaro Hellakoski, in which a pike climbs a tree and sings. 
The hall is decorated with a modern sculpture "Gaia". 
Even if you are not planning to go to a concert, you can visit the House of Music as a "passing point": you can warm up, sit and relax, use the toilet and Wi-Fi. 
How to get from Russia to Helsinki
There are many ways to get from Russia to the capital of Finland, I will list only direct directions:
1. Non-stop flights to Helsinki from Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg.
2. Direct train runs from Moscow and St. Petersburg.
3. Direct bus can be reached from St. Petersburg.
4. Also from St. Petersburg you can swim to Helsinki by ferry.
We traveled to Helsinki from Moscow with transfers:
First on the night bus Lux Express Special to Tallinn (Estonia). Buses with soft folding seats, the bus also has a coffee machine, sockets at each seat, toilet, Wi-Fi and tablets with various entertainment. 
Then on the Mega Star ferry across the Gulf of Finland to Finland. 
So the trip turned out to be less tiring and more varied, we even had time to walk around Tallinn.
From Helsinki, we also returned by Lux Express buses, only through St. Petersburg.
Also, do not forget that you need a Schengen visa to visit Finland.
For travelers arriving in Helsinki by train, getting to know the city begins right here - from the Helsinki Railway Station and the square of the same name, which is also called Railway Square or Helsinki Station Square.
The train delivers passengers directly to the heart of Helsinki to the main railway station of the Finnish capital - an architectural monument, a monumental granite building with a clock tower towering over the city and, which have already become one of the symbols of Helsinki, the work of the sculptor Emil Vikstroma(Emil Wikström), giants holding lanterns in their hands.
The station building was designed by the architect Eliel Saarinen(Eliel Saarinen). The opening took place on March 5, 1919, after long and difficult years of that time, during which construction was frozen for several years.
The adjacent area, which got its name - Railway Square, framed in the southern part by the street Kaivokatu (Kaivokatu), on which is located Ateneum Art Museum.
To the right of the museum is built in 1967 Citycenter, called in the common people - sausage house (Makkaratalo), which got its name because of the sausage-shaped element encircling the building.
In the eastern part of the square lies the street Mikonkatu on which is Grand Casino Helsinki, many cafes and restaurants with summer terraces.
On the north side of the street Vilhonkatu on which is located. And in the western part of the square adjoins part of the street Keskuskatu, which in translation into Russian means - central Street. The outside Keskuskatu, which runs between Ateneum Art Museum and building Maccaratalo, after many years of renovation, has been rebuilt into a pedestrian street, along which you can walk to the building of one of the oldest department stores in Finland - Stockmann. And further along this street you will exit in the area Swedish theater to the famous Esplanade.
On the square opposite National Theater of Finland set monument- the first professional writer in Finland and the founder of Finnish literature.
It's hard to believe, but at the beginning of the 19th century, on the site of today's Railway Square there was a seabed and this place was called Kluuvinlahti from the Swedish name Gloviken which meant - Gulf of Kluuvi. The name comes from the Swedish word Glo, which in turn meant shallow and overgrown. In Swedish, the word Glo" sounds like " Glu” and, which is typical of the Finnish language, the word was stretched and the letter “G” was softened by the letter “K”. Thus, the modern name of this area of \u200b\u200bthe city came about - Kluuvi. Street name Cluuvikatu also comes from the name of the once former bay here. This area was later filled in.
Today, this place is one of the most important transportation hubs. Short distance trains and intercity trains depart from here, as well as international trains to St. Petersburg and Moscow. Domestic bus routes and routes to satellite towns in Vantaa And Espoo. Under the square there is a metro line and there is a station of the same name - Railway Square.
On the Kaiwokatu, in front of the building Maccaratalo, you can take one of the trams that run on many routes to different parts of the city Helsinki.
In addition to public transport or taxis, you can rent a bicycle at a special parking lot right at the station. There are equipped bike paths in the city center, with the help of which you can easily get acquainted with sights of Helsinki.
Photo of the train station at night: Ofelia de Pablo
Video about Helsinki: Morning awakening. At the hour when the city wakes up, the morning fog dissipates and the rays of the July sun heat the city embankments. A new day begins.
Attention! The use of materials, mentioning and quoting is allowed only if you provide an active link to the page
Acquaintance with Helsinki, of course, should begin with the Senate Square. This is both his visiting card and the main square of the country, in combination. Photos with its views will definitely be in any guide to Finland. The architectural ensemble of Senaatintori is the same symbol of the "Land of a Thousand Lakes" as the elk or Mummy Troll.
History of the Senate Square
The history of the square began at the beginning of the 17th century, when Helsinki, while still a remote province, could not dream of the status of the capital, with delight and some envy, looking at the majestic and ancient Turku.
Already then there were all the attributes befitting the center of urban and public life - the first town hall and the first church with an adjacent cemetery.
But on April 12, 1812, the square woke up in a different capacity - the main square of the main city. It was on this day that Emperor Alexander I proclaimed Helsinki the new capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland. The newly elected "princess" needed a new, solemn "outfit". Topographer Johan Albercht Ehrenström and architect Karl Ludwig Engel were commissioned by the highest permission from St. Petersburg to build not just a city, but the luxurious capital of the Grand Duchy. (A memorial plaque with their names is now installed on the wall of the University library).
The building of the church of Ulrika Eleonora and the town hall located on the square were dismantled (the place where the church was previously located is marked on the paving stones of the square), and in their place, in a strict hierarchy, front buildings lined up, which merged into one of the most organic and seasoned architectural ensembles in the Empire style.
Senate building
Helsinki - Senate BuildingThe building of the Imperial Senate of Finland was the first to appear on the square (if you stand facing the cathedral, it will be on the right). The facade was completed already in 1822.
Currently, the current government of the country (State Council) is working here, which meets every Friday at 13.00. The Prime Minister's office is located on the second floor, and above the main entrance in the former Throne Room, the President of the Republic signs the laws of the country.
The oldest public clock in Finland is located on the pediment of the building.
Nothing but political battles has shaken the peace of the current government for more than a hundred years, since in 1904 the terrorist Shauman shot Governor-General Bobrikov in the Senate for his Russification policy.
Opposite the Senate, in 1832, the building of the University grew. The Academy, founded in Turku back in 1640, after a fire was transferred to the capital by the highest imperial decree and, along with a new address, received a new name - Alexandrinsky University.
The building completely repeats the proportions of the Senate, but differs in a somewhat modest order - at the Senate it is Corinthian, and at the University it is more strict and restrained, Ionic.
Anyone can enter the university, where the ceremonial decoration of the lobby and copies of antique statues on the flights of stairs will open before him.
The building was seriously damaged during the Soviet bombing raids in 1944. In particular, the unique murals of the assembly hall of the University were destroyed. Restored, it was opened by 1948, and for its 350th anniversary, the building received a general reconstruction as a gift.
A little to the right is the University Library - the best creation of Engel, completed after his death - in 1844. Entrance to the library, as well as to the University, is free (be prepared to just drop off your bags in the boxes at the very entrance). The collection of a unique collection of Slavic literature was facilitated by the fire in Turku, which in 1827 completely destroyed both the Academy itself and its library. After that, Emperor Alexander I ordered that a copy of every new book published in the empire be sent here. Now the collection of the library of the University of Helsinki is considered a "Mecca" for Slavinists all over the world - the tenacious hands of Soviet censorship did not reach it.
Don't be lazy and check out the library. The first room with a vaulted painted ceiling surprises with old books that seem to whisper their stories from the shelves. Walk along the second tier, touch them ... to history. The second hall features quaint architecture and free internet on computers along the windows.
Monument to Alexander II
Helsinki - a monument to Alexander II There is a monument in the center of the Senate Square Russian emperor Alexander II, surrounded by four ladies, personifying Law, Peace, Enlightenment and Labor.
After the emperor legalized the Finnish language in 1863, the tsar endeared himself to the Finns so much that to this day they allow him, from the height of his pedestal, to watch what is happening on the main square of the country. This is such a reverent attitude to one's own history. No flipping and censuses from scratch.
Yes! Were a colony! Yes, we fought! And the king is standing! How about a monument?
merchant houses
Helsinki - the home of the merchant Sederholm And in front of the king, in the southern part of the square, pushing, one to another, cute houses of merchants-burghers are molded. They survived fires, reconstructions, and redevelopments. Real city old-timers in front of whose open windows, almost the entire history of Helsinki has passed. Now many of them are colorful shops, cafes and restaurants focused on tourists.
It is hard to believe, but in the far right corner house, once owned by the sugar merchant Kiselev, the central hall of the Stockmann department store was previously located.
The house of the merchant Bock, decorated with columns, built at the beginning of the 18th century, after the restoration by Engel in 1816-18, took over the functions of the City Hall. Now city representative events are held here.
The extravagant gray building at the left end of the square is once the most luxurious house in Helsinki. It belonged to a wealthy merchant Johann Sederholm. Plus, the building is the oldest stone building in the city center. Now it houses a branch of the city museum, where the city life of the 18th century is presented, and changing exhibitions are also held here.
The neighboring, red-brown building with shutters is still the official residence of the mayor of Helsinki - the mayor.
Sofia street
Helsinki - Sofia street But you must definitely go back a little and turn onto the tiny Sofiyskaya street, which is already a museum in itself. From the brilliant splendor of the front buildings of the Senate Square, we seem to find ourselves a hundred years ago.
Renovated for the 450th anniversary of Helsinki, it is a model of the street building of old Helsinki.
Cobblestones, a water pump, a funny green booth with a working phone, and signs with the name in three languages: Swedish, Russian and Finnish.
Sofia street - sign Only one "but". There were no "then" plates with Finnish names. The nobility spoke Swedish, the officials spoke Russian. Finnish, on the other hand, remained the language of peasants and commoners for a long time.
But these are all trifles, and historical justice pales in comparison with the air of antiquity that permeates the atmosphere of Sofiyskaya Street.
Now turn around and slowly walk back. Enjoy the amazing spectacle of how the snow-white block of the Cathedral floats into the crampedness and shadow of a tiny street.
This article will present one of the curious historical places of the capital of Finland with its magnificent architectural structures (Helsinki, the cathedral and much more). But first, let's get a little acquainted with the city itself, with its main historical sights.
General information about the capital of Finland
Helsinki is the largest Finnish city and is the administrative center of Uusimaa (province). It is located in the south of the country, on the coast of the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea). In total, 630.225 thousand people live in it, 10% of which are foreign citizens. The city contains many cultural and historical attractions, including the Senate Square. Helsinki is one of the most unique cities in terms of its geographical location.
Location
The main part of Helsinki is located on a granite peninsula, located on the northern coast of the bay. In addition, numerous rocky islands and islets with small bays and passages spread around it, representing magnificent, original natural landscapes.
Helsinki is of great interest to numerous foreign tourists and travelers. This city is great for both hiking and cycling.
About the architecture of the city
Almost the entire area is surrounded by historical buildings built in 1818-1852, designed by the German architect Karl L. Engel. In total, more than 30 buildings were built according to his projects, and this number is only those architectural structures that were erected by him after Helsinki became the capital of the Duchy of Finland as part of the Russian Empire. In the 19th century, this city was even called the White Capital of the North due to its similarity with the style of buildings in St. Petersburg.
About some sights of the capital
Helsinki Senate Square is located in the central part of the city, in the Kruununhaka district and is undoubtedly the main attraction of the city. But besides it, there are many more wonderful historical places that attract a huge number of tourists and travelers from abroad. It is impossible to enumerate and describe them, but some of them should be noted.
In the area of Katajanokka (Cape Juniper) most of the structures and buildings were built in the 19th and 20th centuries. This once former cape is dominated by the largest Orthodox church in Western Europe. This is the Assumption Cathedral of amazing beauty.
In the Canavarante area (waterfront near the canal) there is a guest pier for yachts and boats, warehouses built in the 1800s. There are numerous shops and restaurants.
There is also the Sofiankatu Museum Street in Helsinki, which is the only museum in the city that is open day and night. The whole amazing history of street construction and street equipment is presented here. The oldest building (the house of Sederholm), located in the historical part of the capital, is one of the branches of the city museum.
Senate Square (Helsinki): cathedral, photo, description
The area has its own unique history. In the 17th century, at the location of its current location, there was a town hall, a market, a cemetery and a church. In 1812, the Russian Emperor Alexander II proclaimed this city the capital of the Grand Duchy and gave the order to build a new city center.
The whole area is a unique complex, made in the neoclassical style. The main buildings in it are 4 buildings, which were designed in 1822-1852 by K. L. Engel. They are the magnificent cathedral, National Library, the building of the State Council and the main building of the university.
Senate Square in Helsinki (see photo above) has an amazing work of art on its territory - a magnificent cathedral built on a high hill. Its construction began in 1830. In 1840, after the death of the designer Engel, construction was continued by his successor Ernst Lormann. As a result, the cathedral was opened in 1852.
Initially, it was called Nikolaevsky, as it was dedicated to St. Nicholas (the patron saint of seafarers), which was also an expression of a kind of reverence for Nicholas II, by order of which the cathedral was decorated with sculptures of 12 apostles located on its roof (the work of German sculptors). They were cast in 1845-1847 and in 1849 were installed on the cathedral. The statues are an impressive collection of zinc sculptures of world importance.
In the interior of the cathedral there are statues of famous historical figures: Martin Luther, Mikael Agricola and Philip Melanchthon. In 1959, the building received the status of a cathedral, after which it became the main one not only in the city, but also in the country. Both ordinary and solemn services are always held here, in addition, the cathedral is always open to the public. The Senate Square in Helsinki is quite popular among numerous tourists. Her address: Unioninkatu street, house 29.
Other attractions of the square
A surprisingly large number of historically interesting architectural structures are located on Senate Square. Helsinki was once a place of residence for Swedish merchants. On the southern part of this historical zone, their beautiful mansions(buildings of the 18th century). Among them stands out the oldest stone house in the capital of Sederholm (1757), which today houses a museum in its premises.
To the right of the cathedral is the building of the State Council, part of which was completed in 1822. It is intended for the Imperial Senate and for the current government. Above the central entrance is a beautiful room in the Empire style - the Presidential Hall (formerly the Throne Room). There is no public access for citizens to this building.
In addition to all of the above, Helsinki's Senate Square included in its territories the central building of the university (1832 - the year of construction). The main building of the university is presented in its original form (the same auditoriums and the main hall).
A bronze monument to the famous Russian Emperor Alexander II (author - Walter Runeberg, built in 1894) was also erected on the square in connection with the special attitude of the Finnish people towards him. As noted above, the Russian emperor granted autonomy to the Finns. The statue is surrounded by a sculptural group: "Peace", "Law", "Light" and "Labor".
A lot of rather curious historical information is contained in the Helsinki Senate Square.
Monument to Alexander II
This sculptural work is one of those few pre-revolutionary surviving monuments to the Russian emperor - the great liberator tsar.
It is the best achievement of Finnish sculptural art of the 19th century. The Great Sovereign is depicted here in the same guise that he had at the time of the speech, which spoke of granting Finland those very rights of autonomy (1863). The Finnish people, in gratitude to their liberator, gathered on your own money for the erection of a monument to the emperor.
The height is 3.23 meters, and it stands on a pedestal made of red granite. As a result, its total height is 10.67 meters.
The date of obtaining autonomy is carved on the pedestal of the monument.
About the location of the square
Surprisingly many interesting architectural structures can be found on Senate Square (Helsinki). How to get to it to see all this splendor?
This square represents the center of Helsinki. It is located about 2 blocks east from the main train station. You can also get there by trams, the stops of which are also nearby.
The square is about 2.3 kilometers from the central port. If you walk, it is advisable to follow Bulivardi street. You need to take the metro from Ruoholahden station to Kaisaniemen. From Russia (St. Petersburg) a fixed-route taxi runs every day, which can deliver anyone who wants it directly to the Senate Square itself.
Conclusion
Senate Square as a whole, like almost all of its architectural structures, is one of the most famous and remarkable symbols of the capital of Finland. Helsinki's main square is the religious, political and social center of the country.
In summer, Senate Square is filled with people in connection with the various concerts and festivals held on it. But especially magnificent celebrations are held on the birthday of the city (June 12) and during the Helsinki Festival, which takes place here annually. All of them are amazing colorful, spectacular and mesmerizing performances that are worth seeing.
Ketch "Valborg"Helsinki is a very beautiful city with amazing architecture. A rich history has left an imprint on its appearance. Arriving here, vacationers can visit squares and museums, admire the beauty of churches and parks. Even a week may not be enough to get acquainted with the capital - the sights here are located literally at every step.
Senate Square (Senaatintori)
It is best to start exploring the city from its cultural and historical center. The name speaks for itself: this is where the building of the Senate (now the State Council) is located. Nearby is the University, and opposite you can see the former residences of wealthy merchants of the century before last. In the middle of the square stands a monument to the Emperor of the Russian Empire Alexander II, who did a lot for the Principality of Finland. Next to him are four figures, personifying law, peace, labor and light. The houses surrounding the square in a ring form a harmonious architectural ensemble.
Church in the rock (Temppeliaukio kirkko)
There are many religious sites in Helsinki, but the most unusual of all can rightly be called a Lutheran church in a granite rock. The avant-garde building caused a mixed reaction from society, but now Temppeliaukio is considered one of the symbols of the city, and even the most skeptical citizens have come to terms with its original style.
The hall of the church is spacious, and part of the walls is made up of raw rock. Light enters through the windows surrounding the huge dome, so there is no feeling of constraint. It has excellent acoustics, which is why the temple is often used for concerts. However, even on ordinary days it is worth coming here to listen to the magnificent organ, which has more than 3,000 pipes. There are no bells in Temppeliaukio; instead, speakers are installed in the walls through which bell music written by Tanel Kuusisto is broadcast.
Entrance to the church is free, but you need to focus on the schedule of services. In summer, from Monday to Saturday, it is open from 10:00 to 17:45, and in winter from 10:00 to 17:00. On Sundays, Temppeliaukio church opens an hour later.
Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Another religious building, whose appearance will not leave anyone indifferent, is made in the classical pseudo-Byzantine style. The Assumption Cathedral, built at the end of the 19th century on the basis of the Katajanokka peninsula, is considered one of the most beautiful in all of Finland. It is built on a rock and proudly rises above the nearby buildings. The outer walls are made of red brick, and thirteen onion domes are covered with gold leaf. The main dome rises in the central part of the square structure, while the bell tower is located on the south side. From the platform in front of the cathedral opens beautiful view throughout Helsinki.
The cathedral can be visited on all days except Monday. Opening hours: Tuesday-Friday - 9:30-16:00, Saturday - 9:30-14:00, Sunday - 12:00-15:00. If tourists want to attend the service, the time must be specified separately.
Market Square (Kauppatori)
Helsinki Market Square is worth a visit not only for shopping lovers, but also for those who want to see the daily life of the city. Along its perimeter there are retail outlets where everything your heart desires is sold - from delicacies to clothes and souvenirs. Walking here is not in a hurry, because Helsinki does not tolerate fuss. In addition to the tents, one of the symbols of the city is located here - the Sea Nymph fountain, as well as an obelisk in honor of the Russian Empress Alexandra Feodorovna.
As in any market, trading is carried out on weekends in the morning. It is especially interesting in the square during the Christmas holidays, when everything around is decorated with garlands. You can refresh your strength after shopping, and in winter you can keep warm in small cafes.
Sveaborg Fortress (Suomenlinna)
Sveaborg ("Swedish Fortress") or Suomenlinna ("Finnish Fortress") are the names of the same historical site, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. At present, the fortification has passed to civilian administration, but earlier it performed an important defensive function.
The fortress was built on the islands located two kilometers from Helsinki. Lovers of history, architecture and military affairs will find a lot of interesting things here. Tourist sites include:
- Suomenlinna Museum (Suomenlinna-museo) - ticket from 5 euros;
- toy museum (Suomenlinnan Lelumuseo) - entry from 5 euros;
- military museum (Sotamuseon Maneesi) - ticket costs 4 euros;
- Field Marshal Ehrensvärd Museum (Ehrensvärd-museo) ticket from 3 euros;
- Customs Museum (Tullimuseo) - admission is free;
- Submarine Museum "Vesikko" (Vesikko) ticket price from 4 euros.
Not the whole fortress is open to the public - part of it is reserved for the naval academy, and there is also a prison. Interestingly, it is the prisoners who are involved in maintaining order in Sveaborg.
You can only get here by ferry or water bus from the Market Square. A one-way ticket costs 4 euros. Tourists who decide to visit the attraction for the first time should remember that there is no transport on the territory of the fortress, so you need to wear shoes that are as comfortable as possible.
Winter Garden
Winter Garden- a wonderful romantic place, perfect for leisurely walks. This is a kind of oasis of wild nature in the middle of the metropolis. Having crossed the threshold, you immediately find yourself in a tropical forest: birds sing, lianas hang from the ceiling. However, going a little further, it is impossible not to notice the order prevailing here: the paths are strewn with gravel, and the animals are located in cages.
The territory is divided into several parts: a pool with fish, a cactus garden and a zone of exotic plants and flowers. Entrance to the Winter Garden is free, but it is open only until 15:00, and on Saturday and Sunday - until 16:00, the day off is Monday. You can get here by tram No. 2, 4 and 7A, stop Töölön halli.
Museum of Contemporary Art "Kiasma" (Kiasma)
Museum "Kiasma" is one of the "youngest" in Helsinki. It is dedicated to contemporary art in the broadest sense of the word. The museum does not look like classical galleries - rather, it is several creative platforms gathered in one place. There are 25 departments in total, covering such areas as painting, cinema, photography, sculpture, music, architecture and so on. Exhibitions are constantly updated, and so that visitors can freely navigate the expositions, audio guides are issued at the entrance.
The museum is located at: Mannerheiminaukio Square, 2. Kiasma opens at 10:00, but the opening hours vary: on Tuesday it is open until 17:00, on Wednesday and Thursday - until 20:30, on Friday - until 20:00, on Saturday - until 18:00, on Sunday - until 17:00. Day off - Monday. The entrance ticket costs 12 euros, for students - 8 euros.
Aleksanterinkatu street
Aleksanterinkatu or Aleksandrovskaya street is the historical center of Helsinki, the richest street in the city. Trade was conducted here several centuries ago, and since then nothing has changed in this regard. It is here that the stores of the most famous brands are located, as well as the largest shopping center in the capital - Stockmann. A visit to Aleksanterinkatu will be interesting not only for the purpose of shopping - the street itself is very beautiful. You can get here by bus (No. 4, 4A, 7A and 7B) or tram (3B).
Getting to know the city
By bus or tram
Helsinki bus tours start at the central station (Simonkatu 1) or at the port (Silja and Viking terminals). An inexpensive but very exciting alternative to a bus tour is to get to know the city on the 3T tram line. In this case, we recommend starting the tour from the station, then the tram goes past almost all the main sights of Helsinki. Along with the ticket, it would be nice to buy an accompanying brochure describing the objects that the tram rolls past.
On foot or by bike
The Helsinki Information Center brochure lists popular routes for exploring the city and bike rentals.
On a boat around Helsinki
Pleasure boats in the summer every hour (from 10.00) depart from the Market Square and Hakanie Square (Hakanie) - you can take a trip to the islands off the coast of Helsinki.
Leisure
Holidays in Helsinki do not have to be limited to sightseeing - the city has a huge selection of places where you can spend time actively and have fun. Of course, first of all, tourists will want to go on a trip by water. It can be both an exit to the open sea, and a walk along the coastline on a boat. You can get acquainted with underwater inhabitants without leaving the mainland - in the Sea Life Aquarium. It has more than 50 aquariums, and under the largest of them, where sharks are kept, there is a glass tunnel.
Vanhankaupunki Historic District is the place to go for fishing enthusiasts. To catch fish in law-abiding Finland, you need to have a license, but you can freely buy it at the Meri-Info kiosks located in the Stockmann department store on the street. Aleksanterinkatu 52, or at the address: st. Unioninkatu 23.
Winter is probably the most favorite time of the year for Finns, and how to resist the temptation to go skating or skiing, especially if all these activities are available in the city center. In addition to indoor ice parks and sports complexes located in Helsinki and the surrounding area, ski slopes and skating rinks also flood right under the open sky.
The Finnish sauna is an obligatory item in the program of any tourist coming to Helsinki. Steam rooms are installed right in houses, on rooftops, and sometimes even on buses, and visiting them is an important part of the culture. One of the most colorful public saunas is Rauhaniemi. Its peculiarity is that instead of an artificial pool, visitors plunge into the polynya of Lake Näsijärvi.
Every year from the end of August to mid-September, a festive atmosphere reigns in Helsinki for three weeks. Everywhere there are concerts, performances, various events are organized. All kinds of performances are arranged in the capital's cafes and restaurants. The culmination of the festival is the Long Night of Art.
shopping
Finnish goods, in particular clothes, shoes and interior items, are of high quality, for which they are very much appreciated all over the world. The choice of a place for shopping depends on the product - for souvenirs and colorful items handmade it is worth going to the market, but branded items can be bought at a bargain price in large shopping centers.
From Helsinki, woolen hats and sweaters with a characteristic pattern are usually brought as gifts. Warm and original, they will find a place in every wardrobe. Of the national brands, Marimeko has recently become popular - things are distinguished by an unusual bright design, but at the same time they are well suited to any style.
In addition, you can pay attention to bath accessories. They are sold individually or as gift sets.
A traditional souvenir is also a kuksa - a wooden cup with a ring handle. In ancient times, the Finns took them on hikes, tying them to their belts.
On the main shopping streets Esplanade and Aleksanterinkatu (Aleksanterinkatu) there are brand shops and small boutiques.
All the favorite foods of Finns (and sometimes visiting foreigners) can be bought at the market near the port. Opening hours: Mon. Sat. 6.30-14.00; summer 15.30-20.00.
Not far from the Pitkasilta bridge, there is a market on Hakaniemi Square. Here the products are slightly cheaper than in the market near the port.
At the end of Bulevardi Boulevard is the Hietalahdentori market. Worth a visit to the central pavilion. Opening hours: Monday to Friday - 8.00-18.00, Saturday and Sunday - until 15.00.
How to save money in Helsinki
The national currency of Finland is the euro, and at the current exchange rate, even a short trip can be very expensive. To have a good rest and at the same time save money, it is worth remembering some travel tricks.
Free admission to museums
The schedule of most cultural sites provides days or hours of free access. So, in the Museum of Culture this time is from 17:00 to 20:00 on the first Tuesday of each month, the next day you can freely go to the Ateneum and Kiasma museums at the same time. On Fridays from 11:00 to 16:00 you do not need to pay for a ticket to the Museum of Finnish Architecture (Museum of Finnish Architecture). In addition, the city has a huge variety of free facilities, including churches and parks.
Savings on food
On most trips, food will be the biggest expense. However, if you cook your own food, buying groceries in the supermarket, you can save a lot.
Savings on purchases
Inveterate shopaholics should pay attention to outlets, which are very numerous in Helsinki. Discounts can reach up to 70%.
When buying things as a gift, you should ask if you can get a Tax Free refund. In stores operating under this system, you need to take a special check, on which a stamp is placed when leaving the country. You can get a refund of the paid VAT directly at the customs office.
Directions
Of course, the best way to save on travel costs is to stay close to attractions. If this is not possible, and the tourist has to use public transport every day, it is worth buying a single ticket. To do this, you need to contact the transport department of the city or the tourist office.
Accommodation in Helsinki
Visiting all the sights is a pleasant, but rather tiring task, so you need to take care of accommodation in advance. Traditionally, most travelers choose hotels. The capital of Finland is a place where you can find the right hotel that meets all the requirements for comfort, price per room, range of services. Chain establishments such as Hilton and Radisson do not need a separate description, however, apart from them, there are many interesting options here. For example, Hotel Kämp is the epitome of elegance and chic. It's no surprise that this is where he prefers to stay. world elite. You can book a room and feel your involvement in the upper strata of society for 200 euros per day.
Entrance to Glo Hotel ArtThere are many more economical, but no less interesting hotels in the capital. So, Glo Hotel Art is a real medieval castle, Radisson Blu Seaside Hotel is an eco-friendly hotel, all the interiors of which are made exclusively from natural materials.
For those who are going to stay in Helsinki for at least a week, as well as tourists with children, it is better to consider renting apartments (apart-hotels). Among them are Citykoti Downtown Apartments, Helsinki Central Apartments, Forenom Helsinki City Aparthotel.
There are also quite a few hostels in the city that will appeal to young people, as accommodation in them is inexpensive. Not far from the city center are Eurohostel, Hostel Erottajanpuisto, Domus Academica and others. In the midst of the tourist season, it is better not to postpone the choice of housing, as good profitable options are quickly taken apart. You can find and book a room through our website at the link.
How to get to Helsinki
The fastest way to get to the capital of Finland from Russia is by plane. There are daily direct flights from Moscow in this direction. The journey will take no more than 2.5 hours.
Those who for some reason are not suitable for air transport can use the services of Russian Railways. A high-speed train will take tourists from St. Petersburg to their destination in just 3.5 hours. But the journey from Moscow will last significantly longer - 15.5 hours.
Another option that is also popular is the ferry from the northern capital. Approximate travel time is 13 hours, but this solution will be the most beneficial for those who are used to traveling abroad in their own car - a car deck is at the service of passengers.
