Wet facade technology of house insulation from a to z. Do-it-yourself wet facades Wet facade slope installation technology

When insulating his house, a prudent owner always prefers wall decoration with systems with an external location of insulation. Although interior wall work is easier and less expensive, the serious homeowner knows at least three main arguments in favor of an exterior solution.

Why choose outdoor insulation:

location "dew points"(zones of condensation) when the temperature drops inside and outside the house. If the insulation is located on the inner surface of the load-bearing wall, constant condensation makes it wet. This phenomenon is sharp reduces functionality applied thermal insulation - it loses its thermal protection properties, it becomes damp in the house, fungal mold appears, etc.;
thermal inertia level(heat resistance) of walls with external insulation is much higher. Simply put, a house that is insulated from the outside cools down much more slowly when the outside temperature drops;
external thermal insulation guaranteed to block all available "cold bridges" in the house structure, which are the main ways of heat loss.

Existing types of external facade systems are divided into two large groups, called "dry" and "wet". The first group of "dry facades" is also called prefabricated or hinged. An example of such systems would be vinyl or metal siding facades. Thanks to high practical efficiency, efficiency and decorative possibilities, "wet" insulation technologies, called "wet facade", are very popular throughout the civilized world.

What is a wet façade system?

"Wet" technologies for the installation of insulated facades are based on the creation on the outer surface bearing walls peculiar multi-layered fortified cake. In the course of work, special adhesives, mastics and plasters are used, as a rule, they are mixed with ordinary water.

The wet mounting technique involves applying in strict order layers of soil base, adhesive composition, gluing and additional strengthening by special means layer thermal insulation material, creating a reinforcing layer with a special mesh, along which several layers are made that carry protective and decorative functions. As a result, it forms one system, with a number of undeniable advantages:

allows for special decorative and attractive, the absence of salt stains on the outer walls, which initially have a rough surface of any quality;
high efficiency and low weight design thermal fencing does not require a powerful load-bearing foundation, which, as a rule, makes up a significant part of the total cost of building a house;
external thermal insulation of the bearing wall allows, as in a thermos, to preserve and accumulate heat in the house, completely blocking numerous "cold bridges";
excluded the formation of condensate on the inner surface of the walls and their wetting - the "dew point" is taken out of the wall structure into the insulation material, from where it evaporates through the "breathing" outer layers of plaster;
the structural material of the house is reliably protected from the damaging effects of moisture - freezing is excluded. in microcracks in concrete structures and corrosion of frame reinforcement;
"wet" facade gives the outer walls additional vibration and sound insulation.

Practical and efficient "wet" technology turns out to be cheaper to sell and are widely used not only in the course of finishing work industrial buildings but also in private and low-rise construction. However, in order for the listed advantages to please the owners of the house, one should strictly stick to technology requirements, selection of appropriate quality materials. One of the important features is the turnaround time. There are certain limits on the outdoor temperature, which are related to the properties of the materials used.

All plastering, painting and other “wet” finishing phases can be carried out at not less+5 degrees Celsius. The quality of the work and the service life of the finished facade will depend on how accurately all the conditions are met. Violation of the temperature regime, the use of materials that are not intended for the installation of a "wet" facade, can lead to cracking and even shedding of the outer layer.

The cost of arranging a wet facade

The cost of building facades using "wet" techniques is significantly lower hinged ventilated facades, requiring, in addition to the high cost of materials, additional labor costs for installers with highly qualified. And in this case, as a rule, the cost of the installation itself is 30 to 50 percent from the total cost of a ventilated facade. In addition, it is necessary to take into account certain difficulties in finding truly qualified specialists, for example, to install a ventilated facade made of natural stone.

If the cost of only facing material (stone) starts from several thousand rubles per square, then the choice of unqualified personnel is fraught with the loss of significant funds. It is easy to compare the real cost of finishing the exterior walls of the house using "wet" and various hinged technologies by viewing price offers for all options from construction companies. Data on sites on the Web confirm the conclusion about high efficiency and optimal ratio "price-quality" technology "wet" facade. Its real value is approximately 76 - 18 percent from the amounts required for the implementation of facades made of fiber cement boards, aluminum composite panels, porcelain stoneware, metal cassettes or natural stone. It should be noted that a “wet” facade, made by hand, will cost even cheaper.

Physical and chemical characteristics of the insulation for the "wet" facade

Arranged on the outer surface of the load-bearing wall, using the “wet” facade technology, thermal insulation system consists of three main parts:

thermal insulation layer, fixed to the ground base with glue and special plastic dowels;
a layer of reinforced base, made on the basis of alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh and mineral glue of a special composition;
finishing layer, including a primer and a special plaster on a polymer, mineral or siloxane basis.

It is difficult to single out a more important part of the three listed. Right choice each determines the efficiency of the entire system. Outer layer finish performs a dual role, being the aesthetically defining “face” of the entire finishing layer and, at the same time, reliably protecting the heat insulator from adverse external influences. In addition, the layer must pass well the evaporation of moisture condensed in the material of the thermal insulator.

Reinforced base necessary for reliable fastening at the level of adhesion of the finishing layer. And here you need a special alkali-resistant mesh. As a rule, this is a fiberglass-based material with a special coating. It is installed on a special glue, completely sinking into it. If you apply a regular mesh, without processing, in about a year nothing will remain of its reinforcing frame, and the top layer, the important function of which has already been mentioned, will simply peel off.

thermal insulation layer requires the use of appropriate materials. Its thickness is calculated by heat engineers, and the type is determined by the place of application and fire safety requirements. The most common and traditional materials are:

fibrous: wool from mineral and fiberglass, the fibers of which are obtained by drawing from natural melts: stone mineral raw materials, waste from metallurgical production and glass mass;
foamed gas-filled plastics with a cellular structure - foams, of which polystyrene foam is the most common;
arbolites (lightweight concrete) based on wood waste, flax, hemp, etc., Portland cement and natural hardener.

An important parameter of all thermal insulating materials (TIM) is their density. For fibrous TIM, the density should be at least 150 - 180 kilograms per cubic meter. Mineral wool preferred for facade decoration. They are more durable, non-flammable, have good sound insulation. Experts recommend using cotton wool on phenolic binders, as more water resistant. Since, in addition to density, the indicator of moisture absorption is important for TIM. This setting must be no more than 15%. Among other advantages stone wool resistance to chemical and biological substances, environmental friendliness, low weight and ease of installation.

glass wool, due to the longer fiber, have a higher elasticity index. They also have high strength. But the heat resistance of the material is much lower and does not exceed 450 degrees Celsius.

Extremely common various polystyrene foam, for example, brands PSB-35, PPSB-S. They are less resistant to elevated temperatures and already at 100 degrees they begin to melt and swell. With prolonged and constant exposure to sunlight, turn yellow and crumble. However, there are new modifications with increased resistance to sunlight and temperatures.

A new environmental material is also gaining popularity. wood concrete. It belongs to the category of lightweight concrete. It contains about 90% natural fillers: flax and hemp fire, sawdust, husks, etc., Portland cement and natural hardener. The density of wood concrete for thermal insulation is from 400 to 500 kilogram per cubic meter.

Depending on the type of insulation used, the appropriate adhesive composition is used. For example, bitumen-based adhesives are often used for polystyrene boards.

Wet facade installation technology

One of the options for the technique of performing a “wet” facade can be the following approximate step by step description the order of the stages of work. The start of all work must be preceded by careful preparation, including evaluation and foundation, on which, layer by layer, the entire finishing “pie” will be applied.

Preparatory operations for the installation of a wet facade:

the outer surface of the walls is cleaned of all types of dirt and remnants of old coatings;
to improve the bearing capacity, carried out draft plastering, leveling and strengthening of damages and cracks;
slopes of window and door openings are cleared of old plaster;
to obtain the required adhesion, the surface is preliminarily carefully primed.

The required operation is support bar device. With its lower edge, the entire insulation system relies on a special U-shaped profile, called the "base base". With its marking and fastening around the perimeter of the house, all work on the direct installation of the "wet" facade begins. The profile performs several important functions:

is the basis for distributing the weight of the entire set of layers;
protects the bottom edge of the set from moisture.

The supporting plinth is fixed at a height of 40 centimeters from zero level(from the earth). To take into account thermal expansion, between its horizontal bars, it is necessary to leave gap at 0.3 centimeters. In the profile fastening technology, self-tapping screws and dowels are used. Quantity per running meter depends on the total calculated weight of the facade layer in height. At least 5-10 points are needed per linear meter, i.e. the fastening step is from 10 to 20 centimeters. The corners of the plinth support strip are made of special corner profile.

After this, the work goes to the stage of fixing layer of thermal insulation. Most often, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene slabs are first glued to the prepared outer surface of the bearing walls. The method of applying the adhesive, which allows to simultaneously ensure the strength of fastening and economical consumption of the composition, provides for the application of a wide strip around the slab a couple of centimeters from the edge and dotted areas. The criterion for sufficiency is the rule according to which at least 40% of the insulation area should be covered with glue. The exception is lamella mats, their inner side is completely covered with glue.

Rules for installing plates

Installation of plates, starting from the bottom row, based on the basement profile, is carried out according to the rules:

seams between slabs in adjacent rows must overlap, continuous vertical seams along the height of several rows are not allowed;
when sticking, the base of the plate is tightly pressed to the base, and the end, with a minimum gap, to the adjacent plate of the pasted row. It is necessary to strive to minimize the thickness of the seams;
adhesive protruding from the seams is immediately removed.

For extra reinforcement board material insulation, three days after the adhesive has dried, installation is performed plastic dowels special design. Their dimensions are determined by the thickness and material of the insulation, and the design includes a plate-type head and a plastic nail that expands the dowel. The correct choice of dowel takes into account that the hole depth for porous TIMs is at least 5 cm, and for solid - 9 cm. Consumption rate for square meter depends on the mass (thickness) of the insulation and is usually from 6 to 14 pieces.

The order of fastening with dowels:

symmetrically and evenly, according to the pre-made marking of the panel area, the required number of holes is drilled to the required depth;
nests for dowels are made in the material;
disc-shaped parts are installed flush;
bursting plastic nails are carefully hammered.

Reinforcement phase begins not earlier than 1 - 3 days after the final fixing of the thermal insulation layer. This stage includes:

processing the corners of window and door openings, joints and horizontal lintels, outer corners, for which a special corner profile is used;
the insulation material is covered with an adhesive composition, the layer thickness is from 2 to 3 millimeters;
a fiberglass construction mesh (a special alkali-resistant coating is required) is recessed into the adhesive layer;
the adhesive composition is applied, with a layer of up to 2 millimeters, based on the total thickness of the entire reinforcement up to 6 millimeters.

Finishing is the final phase of the "wet" facade and begins no earlier than the final drying of the reinforcing layer. This may take 3 to 7 days. Finishing includes plastering to the reinforcement layer. Its properties are subject to the following requirements:

high vapor permeability;
resistance to external moisture and other climatic factors;
mechanical strength.

For this, they are used special formulations for outdoor work. In addition, the decisive factor in the quality of work is compliance with temperature requirements: the working range is considered to be from +5 to +30 degrees Celsius. It is obligatory to protect the applied layer from direct sunlight.

It is known that if the rooms are cold, living in such a house is very uncomfortable, and sometimes impossible. Insulation is one of the tasks facing the owners of residential buildings. Buildings without an insulating layer of external surfaces lose internal heat in winter time, that leads to additional costs for heating.

To avoid the problem, the external walls are finished with insulation, for this it is necessary to select and apply the method of insulation. In this article, we will talk about existing thermal insulation technologies, find out what a wet facade is, and show the advantages and disadvantages of this method.

How to keep warm

Without thermal insulation, both multi-apartment and private houses lose up to 40 percent of heat in winter period. Solving the issue of protecting load-bearing walls correctly means saving on electricity and paying bills for heating.

Ways to solve the problem:

Well masonry is a wall built according to a special method: the inner and outer rows are built of brick, and the space between them is filled with insulation.
Ventilated facades are a construction of several layers: a heat insulator, a membrane (moisture-proof), an air gap and a decorative (finish) coating. With this method, there is no need to level curved surfaces.
Sandwich panels - a construction of three layers: two are made of steel, and insulation is laid between them.
Translucent heat preservation technology - a system of several layers of glass, between which there is air. Most often used for administrative buildings.
"Wet facades" - consist of a heat-insulating layer, reinforcing mesh, adhesive and primer layers under decorative trim plaster.

Today we will discuss in detail the wet plaster facade, what it consists of, the installation technology.

What is a wet (stucco) facade, its features

The façade is the first thing that guests and passers-by see, it forms an opinion about the owner of the house. There are many options for the material and method of installation of the finish. Very often, and rightly so, the choice is influenced by the ability to combine a decorative function with a solution to the problem of building insulation.

The wet facade system got its name due to the fact that the compositions and solutions used to create it are made using water. This design is designed to provide not only a presentable appearance of the building, but also to save thermal energy inside the premises.

There are several main types of thermal insulation materials:

Mineral - mineral wool in the form of a plate, which has excellent thermal insulation characteristics. And as a reinforcing layer, mineral mass is used. It is not recommended to use glass wool due to the fact that they are not so durable.
Organic - Ceresit facade insulation systems (EIFS) use expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam with a density of up to 80 kg per cubic meter as protection. meter or foam. They are lightweight and thin, which makes the lined walls more attractive. Ceresit have thermal insulation characteristics. The reinforcing coating is a mass of organic matter. For finishing, similar or silicone plasters are used.
Combined - in this case, polystyrene foam is the insulation, and mineral materials are used for subsequent work.

Market building materials offers a huge range of thermal insulation products, both Russian and foreign. The domestic leader in the production of heaters is TechnoNIKOL, the foreign leader is Rockwool, Caparol.

Advantages and disadvantages

Wet plaster facade has its own characteristics and advantages:

Attractive prices - the materials required for the construction of such a system are of low cost.
Additional soundproofing function.
Saving interior space - all work to create an energy-saving coating is carried out on external surfaces.
Possibility of restoration and repair works.

Wet plaster facade technology has the following advantages:

The weight of mortars, insulation, etc. - they do not overload the walls. This technology can be used for lungs (SIP panels, OSB boards) and for walls that have served for a long time. In addition, no additional work is required to strengthen the foundation.
The device of the house facade does not require special space, it can be mounted on any type of wall.
Such a heat-insulating method is the most effective at low material costs: it is warm in the building in winter, and cool in the hot season.
Excellent soundproof properties.
Durability - this design will last 30 years without requiring repair. You can optionally change the color of the decorative coating from time to time.
With such a warming finish, the life of the building is increased.
When mounting wet facades, you do not need to hire a team of specialists - you can do all the work yourself.
Increasing energy savings results in money savings.

But, like any other cladding method, wet facade plaster has disadvantages. The main disadvantage is the limitations in carrying out work on applying the finishing layer:

You can not mount the cladding in cold weather. Permissible temperature - no more than minus 5 degrees Celsius. If necessary, use additional funds. To do this, cover the working area with a special film and heat it with a heat gun, maintaining desired mode inside the film until the applied solution is completely dry.

This method of insulation does not tolerate high humidity and prolonged precipitation. It is better to carry out installation in dry weather.
It is necessary to provide protection from the wind - the appearance of dirt or dust will worsen general form building.
It is not recommended to carry out installation in direct sunlight - drying of the applied material is possible. Favorable time for work - morning and evening, when the sun is not so intense.

Stages of thermal insulation work

As mentioned above, the cladding technology provides for several layers:

adhesive composition.
Priming solution.
Insulation.
Reinforcing (reinforcing) layer.
Final (decorative) - plastering or other type of sheathing.

The technological process of creating a facade is divided into stages: preparatory, constructive (installation) and decorative (finishing).

Preparatory stage

First of all, it is necessary to prepare the surface of the building on which the wet plaster facade will be mounted. For this, the following actions are carried out:

Remove the old facade coating from the walls, window and door slopes - you can use a shot blasting tool. If the thickness is impressive, use drilling machines or electric hammers. On the small areas hand brushes (metal) or a chisel are used.
If you need to remove old paint, this can be done by thermal firing or using a shot blasting tool.
Next, with the help of compressed air, you need to clean the cracks and potholes from exfoliating particles. Then close small cracks with putty, for example, Terraco, and large ones - cement mortar. If necessary, level the wall.
After drying, remove excess mortar, polish.
Apply a primer to sanded walls.

In preparation wooden walls treatment with antiseptic agents is required to repel bark beetles and to avoid the appearance of mold and fungi.

Assembly stage

These jobs do not require special knowledge Just follow the step by step instructions.

Step 1. To begin with, basement profiles are installed.

This is necessary in order to distribute the load of the thermal insulation boards, and it will also help protect these boards from moisture. A basement profile is installed at a height of 40 centimeters from the ground. For fastening, dowels and self-tapping screws are used, the heavier the insulation, the more fasteners will be required. The average step is from 10 to 15 cm. Special corner profiles are used to mount the corner.

Step 2. Installing a heat insulator.

The heat insulator plates are attached to the adhesive mixture, for this you should not apply it to the entire surface. It is enough to distribute the composition along the perimeter of the plates with an indent from the edge of 3 centimeters and apply it pointwise in the middle. It is covered with glue at least 40 percent of the total area of \u200b\u200bthe insulation.

The insulator must be pressed tightly to the surface and to each other, the adhesive that has come out is removed. After 3-4 days, the dried coating is additionally fastened with dowels.

Do not leave the expanded polystyrene unprotected for a long time, try to complete the work as soon as possible.

Step 3. Installing a reinforcing (reinforcing) layer.

Apply an adhesive on top of the insulation material, and a reinforcing mesh on it. This must be done so that it is completely buried in the applied mixture. Then you need to apply another layer of glue - leveling and leave the structure to dry completely: from 3 to 7 days.

decorative stage

This includes applying finishing plaster or another facing coating of your choice to the prepared wall of the house.

It is necessary to choose a finish coating taking into account the type of surface. Information can be found on the packaging or consult with experts.

Types of decorative plaster:

Acrylic - excellent adhesion to mineral coatings, resistant to deformation, elastic, with low absorption of moisture. The disadvantage is an indicator of vapor permeability; it cannot be used to finish a heat insulator made of mineral wool.
Mineral - strong, does not wear out, protects from moisture. Good vapor permeability. Used for a heat insulator made of expanded polystyrene.
Silicate - high vapor permeability, do not attract dust, can be washed. Plastic, this property protects the finish layer from cracking. Used to cover heat insulators mineral wool. The disadvantage is that this type of plaster is applied quickly, and this is possible with experience.
Silicone - waterproof, elastic, with a long service life. High adhesion and vapor permeability makes it universal: it is used for any heat insulators. There is a condition - it is imperative to use only silicone primers.

Do not interrupt the application of the decorating solution, otherwise the joints will be visible.

Watching the video means getting a little master class.

The wet method has gained popularity due to the minimum number of cold bridges that can be found in other finishing methods. But this factor is not considered the main advantage of the method. By giving preference to a wet facade, you can forget that condensate, due to temperature fluctuations, will accumulate on the walls in the room. To understand how to make a wet facade with your own hands, you should read phased technology installation.

Preparatory work

First of all, it is very important to give a correct assessment of the base on which the technological layers will be applied.

The walls are cleaned of contaminants and tested for adhesive as well as load-bearing properties and characteristics.
If there are damaged areas on the surface of the old finish, they are replaced. Uneven areas are leveled with a plaster composition.
The facade, the finishing material of which is an absorbent material, must be carefully primed.
Remove old plaster from doors and slopes.

The next stage includes the installation and installation of the profile strip. As a result of the installation of this design, there will be a uniform distribution of the load from the thermal insulation plates installed next.

Another design function is considered to be moisture protection of the lower row of thermal insulation boards.

To perform profile fastenings, you must adhere to the following nuances.

The installation of the profile is carried out at a height of 0.4 m from the ground level. It is important to leave a small gap between the strips of 3 mm, located horizontally. This is necessary in case of thermal expansion.
Dowels and self-tapping screws carry out the fastening of the profile. Their number is affected by the mass of the heat-insulating material used. Often, one step accounts for no more than 20 cm. To install the profile at the junctions of corners, you can use the corner profile.

Insulation for a wet facade is mineral wool or expanded polystyrene boards. Fixation of the material is carried out with a special adhesive composition. From the edge of the insulation (plate) you need to step back about 3 cm and apply the adhesive around the perimeter with a wide strip. The space in the middle of the plate is filled with glue pointwise. An exception is lamella mats, the surface of which is completely covered with an adhesive solution.

During the installation of a wet facade, builders use the run-up method of laying slabs. Plates must be pressed not only to the surface of the wall, but also to neighboring tiles. Glue protruding outward is important to remove quickly. The insulation is arranged in rows, starting from the basement profile, moving up from the bottom row.

A few days later, after the adhesive has dried, the thermal insulation needs additional reinforcement with expansion dowels. This takes into account the length of the dowels, which depends on the thickness of the insulation, the adhesive solution and the coating that was previously on the facade.

Also, do not forget about deepening the dowels into the wall.

Basically, for solid walls, the depth can vary between 5–6 cm. Porous walls require a depth of 9 cm.
Considering the mass of the insulation layer, its thickness, the height of the slabs and the diameter of the insulation, from 5 to 15 pieces will be needed per square meter of surface. dowels. Before attaching the dowel, a hole is drilled under it. Clamping sleeves must be flush with the insulation layer.

How to make a reinforcing layer

Having completed the fastening of the thermal insulation, you can proceed with the installation of the reinforcing layer only after a few days.

First of all, they pay attention to the corner bevels of windows and doors, as well as the joints of vertical bevels, taking into account the lintels. They also process the outer corners of the structure, after which they begin to process the even surface of the walls.

To understand how to make a reinforcing layer on your own, you can read the recommendations of specialists.

An adhesive composition is applied to the heat-insulating layer, into which a special reinforcing fiberglass mesh is embedded.
A covering layer of identical quality and composition is applied to the surface of the reinforcing mesh.
The result should be a layer whose thickness does not exceed 6 mm. And the mesh of the layer should be at least 3 mm from the surface.

Doing plastering at home

You need to wait until the reinforcing layer dries well. Drying time depends on the time of year and temperature. It should be noted that facade plaster has moisture resistance, vapor permeability, as well as high resistance to atmospheric changes and climatic conditions. But the quality of work is affected by the conditions in which the work was performed. It is best to install a wet facade at a temperature that ranges from +6ºC to +32ºC. Shade is also important. If the work is done on the sunny side, you can create it artificially.

You should not proceed with the installation and with strong winds, and with precipitation.

The nuances of arranging the basement

Regarding the basement floor, some features of the installation should be noted:

Before starting work, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing of the basement section of the wall, as well as the territory of the site that is adjacent to it.
When choosing a heater, it is important to give preference to a material that has a reduced percentage of moisture permeability.
Dowels strengthen the thermal insulation plates only at a certain height, which is equal to 0.3 m from the surface of the earth.
For basement walls reinforcement is important to perform in two layers.
To clad the area around the walls and the basement itself should be ceramic or special facade slabs based on natural stone. Mosaic plaster can be an alternative, or the facade can simply be painted.
Finishing is carried out after the work on the insulation of the facade has been completed, the roof, windows and doors have been installed, the wiring of the electrical cable has been completed, and the house has passed the stage of complete shrinkage.

Video

Read the installation instructions for the plaster (wet) facade:

This video shows how to reinforce the corners of the wet façade decorative elements:

Photo

Brick is a classic material for building houses. It has a high thermal conductivity and does not protect well from the cold. Over time, artificial stone and connecting material accumulates moisture and begins to break down. Moisture and fungus appear inside the building. It is possible to warm an apartment by spending a large amount of energy. To preserve the integrity of the walls and comfort inside the house, a wet facade is insulated. The walls are covered with moisture and frost-resistant material and plastered. Then paint or paste decorative panels.

Proper external insulation of the house will create comfort inside

To keep the heat in the house, it is necessary to insulate the wet facade, in which moisture will not accumulate in the wall and the room. To do this, the materials are located with inside outward with increasing thermal insulation characteristics and vapor permeability. Then the dew point will shift to the surface of the facade finish. Moisture from the room and walls will go outside. The arrangement of materials and the installation technology of the wet facade are standard.

Bearing wall made of bricks, gas blocks or concrete slabs.
Insulation made of mineral, basalt wool, expanded polystyrene, sip panels or any other is glued to the wall.
A layer of plaster with a reinforcing mesh inside, fixed vertically with an overlap.
Quartz primer or acrylic putty.
Decorative coating with acrylic paint, vinyl and clinker tiles, artificial stone.

Wooden walls themselves are a good heat insulator. The foundation under them is made easy. Therefore, it is better to insulate such a building with a ventilated structure with a low-weight insulation. wooden house includes, in addition to standard layers, waterproofing along the wall and between the heat insulator and putty. This is wood processing with special compounds and fiberglass.

Wet facade installation starts from the foundation

Cold enters the rooms through the outer walls and floor. Warming must begin with the foundation, especially if the building has a basement. The lower part of the house is cleaned of dirt and removed around the perimeter excess soil. The blind area is done after finishing the wet facade. At the same time, a water drainage system is installed.

The technology of warming the upper part of the foundation is more complicated than the facade, it requires additional waterproofing and durable finishing material. The basement level of the building is constantly exposed to destruction by rain, snow and frost. He is hit with various objects. The load of the walls and the entire house is transferred to the foundation through the plinth compensating layer, the lower part of which is in contact with the ground. Operating procedure:

Clean the plinth from dirt, peeling and crumbling areas. Treat the surface with a protective compound from moisture, insects and rodents.
Along the horizon - from the upper point of contact with the soil, mount a U-shaped profile. Its width should correspond to the size of the insulation. It will not allow the glued plates to slide and warp.
Prepare places for supplying pipes and wires. If the water supply system and electricity and gas supply exit at the basement level, then protect such a place with special extensions and make frames from the profile.

The installation of the facade is done according to the usual scheme. Basalt wool can be used as a heater. A layer of Ceresit waterproofing mixture is applied over the plaster. It protects the basement of the building from moisture.

Decorative trim on the socle wet facade creates the basis for the image of the house and is made of hard materials. Clinker tiles, porcelain stoneware panels, polymer sand slabs, artificial or natural stone are glued on top of the primer. From above, along the entire perimeter, a profile is installed under the facade insulation, and ebbs are attached to it.

Attention! Some materials indicate that they can be used in cold weather. Try to perform all work on the installation of a wet facade in dry, warm weather. Moisture and cold from the wall after installing waterproofing and insulation can go inside the room. Walls and all materials must be dry.

Wet facade insulation with mineral wool: thin layer, short term

The main materials for building insulation using the wet facade method are mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Both materials have a small specific gravity and can be mounted on any foundation without strengthening. You can compare the thermal insulation qualities, weight and service life of insulation and wall materials according to the table. The data are given taking into account the same degree of protection of the building and the basement level from the cold.

Material	Thermal conductivity W/mK	Density, kg/m	Layer thickness, mm	Service life, years
lightweight polyurethane foam	0,019	35	50	over 25
rigid polyurethane foam	0,035	160	50	over 25
light mineral wool	0,052	15	90	5
dense mineral wool	0,058	150	90	5
polystyrene foam	0,041	15-35	80	15
foam concrete	0,16	400	760	10
silicate brick	0,45	1000	1720	more than 50

Wet facade. Installation of corners on windows

Minvata wins in comparison with other heaters in cost and noise absorption. It can be glued on curly facades, basement with bay windows and ledges to strengthen the foundation. Specifications for a system with a wet facade and its service life is the lowest. The consumption of glue is large, since the technology provides for strengthening the surface by spreading a layer of glue and after drying, apply the glue again and press it against the wall. The profile is needed already the thickness of the wool slab for tight entry and fixation.

Do-it-yourself insulation technology for plaster

The installation of a wet facade does not require special training and professional tools. Sandwich insulation is carried out in stages with breaks for drying. The layering system allows you to do this separate sections. The profile is fastened immediately along the entire facade of the building. Wet material quickly hardens and fixes the elements. Insulation of private houses is done independently. The technology and procedure are simple:

Prepare the surface of the walls and the basement of the foundation. Remove dirt, efflorescence, peeling, stains of oil paint. Align and check with a plumb line. The technology of gluing with cement mixtures allows you not to prime the surface.
Fix the basement profile along the horizon along the entire perimeter of the building and along the bottom of the wall, around the openings of the facade.
Apply glue to the surface of the insulation and press it against the wall. The bottom row starts in profile. For mineral wool, the technology provides for the preliminary application of glue to strengthen the surface and after drying, the composition is smeared again. It is desirable to mount the starting profile on the bottom of each row. Such fastening protects against slipping of the material.
Glue dries for three days. For adhesion, one day is enough and you can hammer in dowels-umbrellas. The system of arrangement at the corners of the plates and additionally at the rate of 6 fasteners per meter.
Joints and caps of dowels are sealed with ceresite putty. After 72 hours, a plaster layer of approximately 2 cm is applied. A fiberglass mesh is embedded in it vertical stripes with overlap up to 100 mm. According to the technology, it should be resistant to alkalis. At the corners, an angular profile is installed. The plaster is leveled.
After drying, the entire surface of the building is covered with ceresite putty. A basement tide is placed along the top line of the foundation.

Decorative coating on top of the plaster protects and creates the image of the house

When choosing plasters and adhesives, it is necessary first of all to decide on further finishing materials

The basement level is subject to additional mechanical damage. The wet facade in the lower part must be finished with solid, durable materials. Most often I use clinker tiles for a low foundation. A tall building looks good with artificial and natural stone, terracotta panels, porcelain stoneware and basalt chips. The installation technology is the same, only the composition of the adhesive and the profile differ. I select ready-made mixtures suitable for the finishing material.

I wrote about the wet facade technology 3 times already, after I experienced the work of insulating a house using the VWS system (expanded polystyrene) of one Astrakhan specialist “from the company” with a Ceresit certificate. I had to delve into, so as not to fill up the sowing from the word "absolutely". To make it more convenient to find information, below is a list of posts with an analysis of the wet facade technology:

what kind of insulation to use foam plastic or mineral wool for a wet facade, what reinforcing mesh to choose, etc., then you can read about all this;
what thickness of insulation to choose 50 or 100mm, read;
how to perform a smooth finish on a wet facade, read;

Since there is never too much good information, and even more so on works that are sensitive to compliance with the technology, which is the wet facade insulation technology. I decided that the reproduction of good information would be in the hands of everyone. Moreover, the author does not mind.

General appearance, wet facade according to the VWS Ceresit / (c) Ceresit system

Some points are highlighted by me to draw attention to themselves. Critical information is highlighted in red. Yellow requiring attention, blue general meaning.

Regulations for works on insulation and finishing of facades according to the Ceresit system

Let's designate the main stages of production of works:

Installation scaffolding.
Preparation of walls for gluing insulation, treatment with antifungal agents and primers.
Hanging the facade with laces, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different parts of the facade. Installation of a temporary start profile to start gluing insulation.
Installation of adjoining elements on blocks of window and door openings.
Bonding insulation with simultaneous alignment of the planes of the facade on polymer cement or polyurethane adhesive Ceresit.
Caulking of cracks between sheets of insulation with strips of insulation, foaming of seams between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality mounting foam.
Sanding of insulation planes under a 3-meter rule.
Installation of dowels.
Installation of diagonal and internal scarves, corners, droppers using Ceresit polymer cement adhesive.
Arrangement of a base reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade using Ceresit polymer-cement adhesive and facade fiberglass mesh.
Application of quartz primer Ceresit ST 16.
Application of decorative plaster Ceresit.
Dismantling of scaffolding.

1. Installation of scaffolding

Before starting work, you must correctly install scaffolding.

Scaffolding should be installed at a distance from the outer wall equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 45 cm.

For anchoring the scaffolding, it is necessary to effectively use balcony slabs and other structures that reduce the number of anchor points passing through the thermal insulation system being installed. In places where it is necessary to provide direct fastening of scaffolding to outer wall, fixing anchors should be installed with a slight downward slope. This will prevent rainwater from getting inside the thermal insulation layer. For ease of installation of thermal insulation systems, scaffolding should be installed with a launch around the corners of the building at a distance of at least 2 m.

2. Preparation of walls for gluing insulation, treatment with antifungal agents and primers

Preparation of the building base should include the following operations:

mechanical cleaning of the base from mortar residues, dirt (dust, chalk, etc.)
mechanical removal of fungi, lichens, mosses, blue-green algae, mold and subsequent treatment of the affected areas with the Ceresit CT99 antifungal agent, perform work in accordance with the work schedule indicated on the Ceresit CT 99 can;

checking the bearing capacity of the base;
removal of crumbling and fragile areas of the base;
filling defects in the surface of the base with a depth of more than 10 mm with repair plaster Ceresit CT 24, Ceresit CT 29;

treatment of the base with the universal primer Ceresit CT 17 (when working with cellular concrete, silicate and red bricks, multi-slotted blocks, expanded clay concrete and other bases, primer should be primed with a primer diluted with water in three passes 1x6, 1x4, 1x2;

mechanical application of a primer with a device:

Mechanical application of the primer Ceresit CT 16.

rust removal and anti-corrosion primer treatment of metal parts covered with a thermal insulation system;

3. Hanging the facade with laces, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different parts of the facade. Setting a temporary start profile.

The suspension of the facade is necessary in order to determine the actual deviations of the facade plane from flatness and to choose the thickness of the insulation for its alignment.

In the four extreme corners of the facade plane, trimmings of 12mm-14mm reinforcement are clogged, two on top and two on the bottom. Laces are tied to the upper fittings on the right and left at a distance equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 5-10 mm. At the same distance, the laces are tied to the lower pieces of reinforcement.

Next, the parallelism of the laces installed relative to each other is checked. They can be installed vertically, they can be installed with a deviation from the vertical in one direction or another, but always parallel to each other in order to create a plane. A sliding cord is installed on the laces on the paper clips.

A final check of the plane is made, an executive diagram of the actual deviations of the original plane is made. At different points of the facade, the actual distance from the laces to the insulated surface is measured with a tape measure and entered into the diagram.

This scheme is presented to the Customer.

After that, the analysis of the results obtained is carried out, if necessary, in some places the insulation will be cut in thickness during gluing, in others a thicker insulation will be used. The thickness of the insulation in these places should be selected according to the formula:

INSULATION THICKNESS \u003d DISTANCE BETWEEN THE LACES AND THE WARMED PLANE - 10mm.

After hanging the facade with laces, a temporary starting profile is installed. This is a board or bar with an even upper edge 40-50 mm thick, so that the first row of heat-insulating boards glued to the facade rests on it. It is usually installed under the first row of "L"-shaped insulation sheets under the lower row of windows.

A temporary start profile is set.

4. Installation of adjoining elements on blocks of window and door openings

During insulation, the insulation should go on the window frame at least 15-20 mm to prevent cold bridges. The junction element with the mesh is glued to the window frame from three sides, top, right and left.

5. Gluing insulation with simultaneous alignment of the facade planes on polymer-cement or polyurethane adhesive Ceresit.

Insulation is glued to cement or polyurethane foam glue, glue-foam.

As practice shows, gluing on Ceresit CT 84 adhesive foam is faster and more convenient. Note Andrew.

Application of Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85 cement adhesive

The application of cement adhesive CeresitCT 83, CeresitCT 85 on expanded polystyrene is carried out as follows, the application of slips and edging around the perimeter:

After installing the heat-insulating plate in the design position, the adhesive contact area must be at least 40% of the bonded surface.

GLUE ON ONE BLOODS WITHOUT EDGING IS NOT ALLOWED UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES.

Why it is impossible to stick polystyrene on slippers, see below.

Application of Ceresit CT 83 adhesive with a 10-12 mm comb:

Application of adhesive foam Ceresit CT 84

The application of polyurethane foam adhesive, Ceresit CT 84 adhesive foam is carried out as follows, also with the formation CLOSED LOOP:

Video gluing insulation on foam Ceresit Ct 84

Applying cement adhesive to mineral wool board

The surface of the mineral wool board is preliminarily primed with Ceresit CT 180, Ceresit CT 190 glue, the adhesive is pressed into the surface of the mineral wool board with force:

or by the edging method with Easter cakes (bloopers), NOTE for a note after the photos.

Applying glue only with blunders (Easter cakes) is a gross violation of technology. Since it turns out a ventilated facade of insulation. In this case, air does not play the role of a heater. Mentioned this You can also watch the video right here:

If you are glued to blunders and they say “everything will be fine”, drive such specialists into the neck, but it’s better to discuss this in advance.

Strive to ensure that the gluing is on a comb, i.e. care should be taken to ensure that the facade is evenly plastered before starting work on the insulation of the facade.

During gluing, the insulation boards are trimmed from the side adjacent to the facade, on which the adhesive will be applied. Trimming of polystyrene foam is carried out using a bow saw - in the people this tool is called the "Goat". Cutting edge made of nichrome thread 0.7-1.2 mm, transformer 220/24 Volt, power 250-400 watts.

Video of cutting a sheet of expanded polystyrene in thickness, the shooting was made during the training of the customer's work team:

Video of cutting a foam sheet in thickness using a "goat".

It is also possible to trim the insulation with specialized knives, bread knives with teeth, a hacksaw with a fine tooth, and sand it with an emery grater.

Gluing expanded polystyrene on Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85 glue

Whole sheets of insulation are installed at the corners of window and door openings, since they are stress concentrators, this allows you to avoid the appearance of cracks on the facade in the future.

Gluing usually starts from the bottom "G"-shki.

The minimum step for the G-shki is 200mm.

During gluing, vertical and sliding laces are used, a three-meter rule.

Gluing polystyrene foam on CeresitCT 84 foam

Gluing on CeresitCT 84 adhesive foam is carried out using the rule. At the initial moment, Ceresit CT 84 glue has zero adhesion, in fact, gluing occurs in 7-12 minutes, depending on temperature, humidity and pressure. Two hours after gluing, you can proceed to the device of the base reinforcing layer.

6. Caulking the cracks between the insulation sheets with insulation strips, foaming the seams between the expanded polystyrene sheets with high-quality mounting foam

After the end of gluing, after 72 hours on cement-containing adhesives Ceresit CT 83, Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 180, Ceresit CT 190, you can start caulking the gaps between the sheets. To do this, you can use wedge strips cut from insulation. It is better to foam the gaps between the sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality mounting homogeneous foam such as Ceresit TS 52, Ceresit TS 62, Ceresit TS 65, Ceresit TS 66. To do this, the seam is pierced with a mounting gun to the very base, to the wall, the trigger is pressed and at the same time the gun is removed. Punctures of seams and joints between sheets of expanded polystyrene are made in increments of approximately 50 mm.

Permissible slot width up to 12mm (The figure is not accurate, subject to verification, who knows, write in the comments!)

Foaming seams and joints between sheets on a construction site

As a result, all seams are thoroughly foamed, Ceresit foam reliably glues polystyrene foam sheets together, creating a monolithic structure.

7. Sanding the planes of the insulation under the three-meter rule

Sanding is done with a plywood grater measuring 400 x 600 mm, 500 x 700 mm with a skin glued to it with a coarse grain of 100 microns (1 mm). Such sanding allows you to even out small irregularities that occurred when gluing the insulation due to initial deviations in the geometry of the sheets to be glued and due to errors during gluing. graters small size it is absolutely impossible to use it on large planes, since small graters form bumps and depressions when sanding.

Video sanding planes under the three-meter rule.

Video final alignment of the facade.

8. Installation of dowels

Dowels additionally fasten the insulation sheets to the facade, they are installed either in accordance with the official recommendations of the system holders, two in the middle of the plate and the rest at the joints of the plate with neighboring plates.

Or with a “star” one in the middle and four dowels in the body of the insulation closer to the edges:

Installation of dowels according to the scheme. "Correct" dowel with a metal core. Photo 6.
Installation of dowels according to the scheme. "Correct" dowel with a metal core. Photo 7.

If the insulated wall is made of monolithic reinforced concrete, solid brick, expanded clay concrete, then the expansion zone of the dowel should be 50 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation + 50 mm.

If the insulated wall is made of foam concrete, aerated concrete, slotted bricks, multi-slotted blocks, warm ceramics, then the spacer zone is 100 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation +100 mm.

On top of the dowel, you need to carefully cover with Ceresit CT 85 or CT 190 glue, the lubrication is done after the final sanding of the planes under the three-meter rule.

Video installation of dowels.

9. Installation of diagonal and internal scarves, corners, drips using Ceresit polymer cement adhesive

The device of the base reinforcing layer begins with the installation of diagonal and internal scarves at the corners of window and door openings. It must be remembered that before the installation of the base reinforcing layer, the surface of the mineral wool board must be primed with CeresitCT 190 glue, pressing the glue into the surface of the mineral wool with force.

Then the base reinforcing layer is made on the decorative elements of the facade, made of expanded polystyrene

10. The device of the base reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade.

The base reinforcing layer is performed using polymer-cement adhesive Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 190 and facade fiberglass mesh 165 g/m2, cell size 5 x 5 mm.

After installing the scarves, a base reinforcing layer is made on the main planes. CeresitCT 85 glue is applied to the surface of expanded polystyrene with a metal float, a facade fiberglass mesh is applied, then it is sunk into the glue, the excess is removed into a bucket. The minimum overlap of a roll on a roll is 100 mm, the rolls are installed vertically.

After drying, a puttying is done, this is done in order to even out the bumps and hide the mesh in the Ceresit ST 85 glue layer.

Similarly, the device of the base reinforcing layer with a mineral wool board is made.

Before work, we re-check the mineral wool surface for the presence of "corklets" - inclusions from pieces of metal and binder droplets. All "kings" must be removed. In the presence of kings big size sections of the mineral wool board are cut out and replaced with new ones.

After that, we proceed to priming the mineral wool board with Ceresit CT 190 cement glue. The surface of the mineral wool board is primed with Ceresit CT 190 glue, the glue is applied with a metal trowel, pressed into the mineral wool structure, and the excess is peeled off. After we wait for the complete drying of the glue and carry out an audit of the surface. In some places where the mineral wool slab turned out to be inhomogeneous, we will see the pitting of the primer layer, it moves away from the base, grabbing into inhomogeneous mineral wool fibers. In these metas, we remove the heterogeneity and repeat the operation - again let the primer layer dry completely, if necessary, repeat again.

WE SHOULD GET A HOMOGENEOUS MINERAL WOOD SURFACE COVERED WITH A THIN LAYER OF GLUE WITHOUT BUBBLES AND BUGS WITH DEVIATIONS OF 4-6 MM PER THREE METERS RULE

Next is the base reinforcing layer. CeresitCT 190 glue is applied to the surface primed with glue, and the front fiberglass mesh is embedded into it. The overlap of the roll on the roll is not less than 100 mm. There are appropriate marks on the rolls of Facade fiberglass mesh, which make it easy to track.

The overlap of the fiberglass mesh can be more than 100 mm, but cannot be less!

After drying, the base is reupholstered with liquid glue to remove small irregularities in order to completely hide the texture of the fiberglass mesh.

Application of quartz primer Ceresit ST 16

When the base reinforcing layer is completely dry, at least 72 hours after the last reupholstering, you can start applying Ceresit ST 16 quartz primer. Ceresit ST 16 primer is applied with a brush, wide brush, flute. The primer can be a white, non-tinted base, or it can be painted to match the color of the future Ceresit decorative plaster.

Application of decorative plaster Ceresit

Ceresit decorative plaster is applied with a metal one, and rubbed with a plastic float. This applies to decorative plasters of bark beetle texture CeresitCT 64, CeresitCT 63, CeresitCT 175, Ceresit CT 35 and pebble texture Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137.

On the decorative elements pebble decorative plaster textures Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137 can be applied by spraying with a tarcret gun, or manually.

The final appearance of houses insulated using VWS / WM technology (wet facade) Ceresit

As a result, we get beautiful, reliable Ceresit facades, warm, economical and comfortable for living at home.

Appearance finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 1.
Appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 2.
Appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 3.
Appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 4.
Appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 5.
Appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 6.
Appearance of the finished facade according to the VWS / WM Ceresit system. Photo 7.

The article is based on the materials of the ForumHouse user with the nickname Reliable. Perhaps, someone will say, he lobbies the interests of Ceresit and sells their goods. Firstly, it is not a sin to observe technology and trade in quality goods; secondly, the technology will be almost 1-in-1 for any wet facade system, be it Kraisel or something else.