Lesson Topics
Class
Install
Define the concept of "geography"
Lesson 2 modern world
Geographical objects, phenomena and processes. The study of the Earth by modern geography. Why does a person need geography.
Reveal features of the study of the Earth by geography in comparison with other sciences.
Install geographic phenomena that affect geographic features.
To distinguish natural and anthropogenic geographical features
Lesson 3
The world of ancient civilizations. Geographical knowledge in the Ancient East. Ancient Egypt, Ancient China and Ancient India.
Show according to the maps of the territory of the ancient states of the East.
Find information (on the Internet and other sources) about the accumulated geographical knowledge in the ancient states of the East
Lesson 4
Geographic knowledge and discoveries in Ancient Greece and ancient Rome.
Show according to the maps of the territory of the ancient states of Europe.
Find information (on the Internet and other sources) about the accumulated geographical knowledge in Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome
The development of human ideas about the world
Lesson 5. Geography in the Middle Ages; Asia, Europe
Arabic East. Voyages of Arab sailors. Exploration of Asia. Journey of A. Nikitin. The state of geography in Europe. Vikings. Travels of Marco Polo. Portuguese sailors.
Trace according to the maps, the travel routes of Arab sailors, A. Nikitin, the Vikings, Marco Polo.
Apply
Find information (on the Internet and other sources) and discuss the significance of A. Nikitin's discoveries, Marco Polo's travels and his books
Lesson 6
Reasons for the advent of the VGO era. Travels of H. Columbus, the significance of the discovery of the New World.
Trace and describe according to the maps the travel routes of H. Columbus.
Acquire skills in selecting, interpreting and presenting information about the consequences of the discovery of America for its peoples
Outstanding geographical discoveries
Lesson 7
Southern Sea Route to India. Expedition of Vasco da Gama. Traveling around the world (F. Magellan, F. Drake). Significance of the Great Geographical Discoveries
Trace and describe maps of travel routes in different areas of the oceans and on the continents.
Apply travel routes on a contour map. Find information (on the Internet and other sources) about travelers and travels of the Age of Discovery. Discuss the significance of the discovery of the New World and the entire era of the great geographical discoveries
Outstanding geographical discoveries
Lesson 8
Discovery and exploration of Australia (A. Tasman, J. Cook). Discovery and exploration of Antarctica (F.F. Bellingshausen, M.P. Lazarev). The first Russian round-the-world trip.
Practical work to write a presentation about great travelers.
Trace travel routes by J. Cook, F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazareva, I.F. Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky.
Apply travel routes on a contour map.
Find information (on the Internet and other sources) and discuss the significance of the first Russian circumnavigation
Development of geographical knowledge about the Earth. Geographic methods of study environment
Lesson 11
What scale shows. Types of scale recording (numerical, named, linear). Linear scale and its use. Definition using a linear scale of distances. The detail of the image of the area from the scale.
Define topographic map(or plan of the area) distances between geographical objects using a linear and named scale.
Solve practical tasks for converting the scale from numerical to named and vice versa.
Reveal detail of the image of objects on the map of different scales
Lesson 12
What are conventional signs and a legend. Types of conventional signs: areal, point, linear. Explanatory captions.
Recognize conventional signs of terrain plans and maps.
Find symbols on the local plan and topographic map different types, explanatory captions.
Apply conventional signs on the contour map and to sign objects.
Describe route on a topographic map (plan of the area) by reading conventional signs
Methods for depicting the relief of the earth's surface
Lesson 15
Eye photography. Determination of distances on the ground. Determination of azimuths on the ground. Plan orientation. Determination of azimuths on the plan.
Practical work on orientation and determination of azimuths on the ground and plan.
navigate on the ground on the sides of the horizon and relative to objects and objects.
navigate according to the plan of the area and on the plan (topographic map).
Define sides of the horizon on the plan
Drawing up a simple plan of the area
Lesson 16
Practical work for polar surveys.
Use eye survey equipment.
Compose the simplest plan small area terrain
Differences between a map and a plan. Reading the map, determining the location of objects, absolute heights. Variety of cards
Lesson 30
The concept of relief. planetary landforms.
Plains and mountains of the continents, their differences in height. Relief of the bottom of the oceans. Identification of large landforms from maps.
Fulfill practical work on determining the average and maximum absolute height on maps.
Define on geographical maps, quantitative and quality characteristics the largest mountains and plains, especially their geographical position. Reveal features of the image on the maps of large landforms of the ocean floor and show their.
compare the location of large landforms of the ocean floor with the boundaries of lithospheric plates.
Reveal regularities in the placement of large landforms depending on the nature of the interaction of lithospheric plates
Earthquakes and volcanism, ensuring the safety of the population
GEOGRAPHY. PLANET EARTH. Grade 6 (35 hours)
Lesson 1. Introduction.
Orientation in the information field of the educational and methodical set. Repetition of the rules for working with the textbook and the components of the teaching materials used. Learn how to keep a weather diary. Choosing the form of the weather diary and how to keep it.
Meet with the device of a barometer, hygrometer, weather vane, precipitation gauge.
To measure quantitative characteristics of the state of the atmosphere with the help of instruments and instruments.
To begin filling out a weather diary
Lesson 2
The concept of "hydrosphere". The volume of the hydrosphere, its parts. World water cycle, its role in nature. The value of the hydrosphere for the Earth and man.
Compare the ratio of individual parts of the hydrosphere according to the diagram.
Reveal relationships between constituent parts hydrosphere according to the scheme "The water cycle in nature".
Explain the importance of the water cycle for the nature of the Earth.
Describe the importance of water to life on the planet.
Parts of the oceans. Properties of the waters of the oceans
Lesson 3
The ocean and its parts. Seas, bays and straits. Properties of ocean waters: temperature and salinity surface water. Temperature and salinity dependence on geographic latitude and seasonal variability.
Define and describe but the map geographical position, depth, size of oceans, seas, bays, straits, islands.
Apply on the contour map of the oceans, the names of bays, straits, marginal and inland seas.
Reveal with the help of maps, geographical patterns of temperature and salinity changes in the surface waters of the World Ocean.
Build charts changes in temperature and salinity of ocean waters depending on latitude
The movement of water in the ocean. The use of maps to determine the geographical position of the seas and oceans, depths, directions of sea currents, water properties
Lesson 6
Lakes, their diversity. Reservoirs. Swamps.
Define on the map, the geographical position and size of the world's largest lakes, reservoirs and wetlands.
To sign on the contour map are the largest lakes and reservoirs of the world.
Compose and analyze scheme for distinguishing lakes by the origin of basins
The origin and types of groundwater, the possibility of their use by humans. Addiction
level ground water on climate, features of rocks. Mineral water
Lesson 7
Groundwater formation. Ground and interstratal waters. Springs Thermal and mineral water. Significance and protection of groundwater.
Analyze models (illustrations) "Underground waters", Artesian waters".
Find additional information (on the Internet, other sources) about the importance of different types of groundwater and mineral springs for humans
Lesson 11
The composition of the air of the atmosphere. The structure of the atmosphere (troposphere, stratosphere, upper layers of the atmosphere, ionosphere). The value of the atmosphere.
Compose and analyze diagram "The importance of the atmosphere for the Earth."
Explain the value of the atmosphere.
Find additional information (on the Internet, other sources) on the role of atmospheric gases for natural processes. speak out opinion on the statement: "The troposphere is the kitchen of the weather
Atmospheric heating, temperature, heat distribution on the Earth. Plotting temperature changes
Lesson 14
Precipitation formation, uneven distribution on Earth. Diagrams of the annual distribution of precipitation. Methods for displaying precipitation on maps.
Analyze and build according to the available data, diagrams of the distribution of annual precipitation by months.
Solve tasks for calculating the annual amount of precipitation based on the available data.
Define ways to display precipitation types and amounts on weather and climate maps
Atmosphere pressure. Change in atmospheric pressure with altitude
Lesson 17
Weather and its elements. Causes of weather change. Weather forecasts, minoptic maps. Obtaining information for the weather forecast. Weather. Elements of weather, methods of their measurement, meteorological devices and instruments. Reading weather maps. weather forecasts
Define using meteorological instruments indicators of weather elements.
characterize current weather. Install relationships between elements of the weather on specific examples.
master reading weather maps describe according to the weather map, quantitative and qualitative indicators of the state of the atmosphere. Describe weather
Climate and climatic zones
Lesson 18
The concept of climate and its indicators. Image of climatic indicators on maps and climatograms. Climatic zones of the Earth. climate factors.
Compare indicators used to characterize the weather and climate.
Receive information on climatic indicators based on the analysis of climatograms.
master reading climate maps, characterizing climatic indicators (average temperatures, average rainfall, wind direction) on a climate map.
compare maps of illumination zones and climatic zones, draw conclusions
Man and atmosphere. Natural phenomena in the atmosphere, their characteristics and rules for ensuring personal safety. Ways to maintain air quality
Lesson 21
The concept of "biosphere". IN AND. Vernadsky - the creator of the doctrine of the biosphere The boundaries of the modern biosphere Diversity of the organic world of the Earth. The concept of ancient species - relics. Distribution of living organisms in the biosphere. The ratio of plants and animals on land and in the oceans. compare the boundaries of the biosphere with the boundaries of other shells of the Earth.
substantiate drawing the boundaries of the biosphere.
Describe distribution of living organisms.
Explain causes of uneven distribution of living organisms
in the biosphere
Features of the distribution of living organisms on land and in the oceans
Lesson 22. Life in the ocean and on land
Factors influencing the distribution of living organisms in the ocean x and on land. Groups marine organisms habitat conditions (nekton, plankton, benthos). Geographic patterns of changes in the flora and fauna of the land. Impact temperature regime, rainfall, relief.
Compare adaptive features of individual groups of organisms to the environment.
Reveal reasons for the change in flora and fauna from the equator to the poles and from the foot of the mountains to the peaks based on the analysis and comparison of maps, illustrations, models
biological cycle. The role of the biosphere
Lesson 23
The role of individual groups of organisms in the biosphere. Biological cycle, its significance. Interaction of the biosphere with other shells of the Earth. Influence of living organisms on the earth's crust, atmosphere, hydrosphere, man.
Analyze biological cycle diagram reveal the role of different groups of organisms in the transport of substances.
compose (complete) diagram of the biological cycle of substances. substantiate specific examples of the participation of living organisms in the transformation of earthly shells
Lesson 28
Soil as a special natural formation. Composition and structure of soils. Soil fertility. Common zonal soil types. Soil protection, melioration.
Reveal causes of varying degrees of fertility of soils used by man.
Compare according to illustrations (models) the structure of the profile of podzolic soil and chernozem. compare maps of soils and natural areas, install correspondence between the main soil types and natural areas. Observe soil samples from your area reveal their properties
Lesson 30
Zones of taiga, mixed and broad-leaved forests, monsoon forests and humid equatorial forests: geographical location, climate, flora and fauna
Define on maps, the geographical position of natural areas, show their. Learn natural areas in illustrations, describe their appearance. Install correspondence between the natural zone and representatives of its flora and fauna Find information (on the Internet and other sources), ready and discuss reports on human adaptation to the conditions of the natural zone, on the economic activities of people
Natural zones of the Earth. Features of the interaction between the components of nature and economic activity in different natural zones
Lesson 31 Arid regions of the planet
Zones of taiga, mixed and broad-leaved forests, monsoon forests and humid equatorial forests: geographical location, climate, flora and fauna.
Define on maps, the geographical location of natural areas, show them.
Learn natural areas in the illustrations, describe their appearance. Match internatural zone and the main representatives of its flora and fauna.
find information(on the Internet and other sources), prepare and discuss reports on human adaptation to the conditions of the natural zone, on the economic activities of people
Lesson Topics
"Geography. Planet Earth "(Initial course of geography) Grade 5-6.
Class
Lesson 1 modern science
The birth of earth science. System of geographical sciences. Acquaintance with the textbook, the structure of the textbook and the features of the used components of the teaching materials.
Install stages of development of geography from individual descriptions of lands and peoples to the formation of science based on the analysis of textbook text and illustrations.
Define the concept of "geography"
Development of geographical knowledge about the Earth
slide 1
The purpose of the lesson: to form the need for knowledge among students in solving the problem of defining the concept of "geography" and highlighting the stages of development of this science Developed by: Gridneva Galina Vladimirovna, teacher of geography Abstract: an introductory lesson in grade 5 using problem-dialogical technology and compiling a logical reference summary ( LOK) 5klass.net
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2 And it's all about her...
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3 And that's all about her... A complex of sciences that study the surface of the Earth with its natural conditions, the distribution of population and economic resources on it. S.I. Ozhegov "Dictionary of the Russian language"
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4 ANCIENT MODERN
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5 There are many sciences, and each science has its own name. Geography is one of them. Could the science of geography get another name? PROBLEM!
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6 ANCIENT MODERN Earth describe = earth description
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8 ANCIENT MODERN Earth I describe = land description 1. The first navigators, travelers, scientists, tradersdescribed
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Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276-194 BC) Ancient Greek mathematician, astronomer, geographer and poet Born in the city of Cyrene ( North Africa). For the first time in history measured the circumference of the Earth. In a work on geography, Eratosthenes first used the terms "geography", "latitude" and "longitude". Map of Eratosthenes
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10 ANCIENT MODERN Earth I describe = description of the earth
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What questions did travelers try to answer when going to distant lands?
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12 ANCIENT MODERN Earth I describe = earth description The first travelers, seafarers, scientists, traders described Eratosthenes collected these descriptions wrote the book "Geography" Ancient geographers answered the questions: What is it? Where is it located?
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What questions do modern geographers answer?
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14 ANCIENT MODERN Earth describe = earth description The first travelers, seafarers, scientists, merchants described Eratosthenes collected these descriptions wrote the book "Geography" Ancient geographers answered the questions: What is it? Where is it located? Modern geographers answer the questions: How does it work? Why is this happening?
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16 ANCIENT MODERN Earth describe = earth description The first travelers, seafarers, scientists, merchants described Eratosthenes collected these descriptions wrote the book "Geography" Ancient geographers answered the questions: What is it? Where is it located? Modern geographers answer the questions: How does it work? Why is this happening? - a system of sciences that studies the nature, population and economy of the Earth physical socio-economic cartography
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18 ANCIENT MODERN Earth I describe = earth description The first travelers, seafarers, scientists, traders described Eratosthenes collected these descriptions wrote the book "Geography" Ancient geographers answered the questions: What is it? Where is it located? Modern geographers answer the questions: How does it work? Why is this happening? - a system of sciences that studies the nature, population and economy of the Earth physical socio-economic cartography I know:
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19 There are many sciences with different names. Geography is one of them. Could the science of geography get another name? PROBLEM!
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20 ANCIENT MODERN Earth describe = earth description The first travelers, seafarers, scientists, traders described Eratosthenes collected these descriptions wrote the book "Geography" Ancient geographers answered the questions: What is it? Where is it located? Modern geographers answer the questions: How does it work? Why is this happening? MY NAME OF THIS SCIENCE is a system of sciences that studies the nature, population and economy of the Earth physical socio-economic cartography I know:
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21 The name of the science "geography" is formed by the fusion of two words, meaning: Do you know? "earth" and "writing" "earth" and "drawing" "earth" and "observing"
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22 You - well done!
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24 ANCIENT MODERN Earth I describe = description of the earth The first travelers, seafarers, scientists, traders described Eratosthenes collected these descriptions wrote the book "Geography" Ancient geographers answered the questions: What is it? Where is it located? Modern geographers answer the questions: How does it work? Why is this happening? MY NAME OF THIS SCIENCE for the test is a system of sciences that studies the nature, population and economy of the Earth physical socio-economic cartography I know:
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Physical geography studies: Do you know? the nature of the Earth the nature and population of the Earth the nature, population and economic activity of man on the Earth Hint
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26 You - well done!
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30 You - well done!
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Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 276-194 BC) Ancient Greek mathematician, astronomer, geographer and poet Born in the city of Cyrene (North Africa). For the first time in history measured the circumference of the Earth. In a work on geography, Eratosthenes first used the terms "geography", "latitude" and "longitude". Map of Eratosthenes for the test
Slide 33
Which of the following geographical sciences is general geographical? Do you know? Geography Economic Geography Cartography Tip
Primitive hunters and gatherers had the first ideas about the earth's surface. Passing on information about the surrounding world to future generations, ancient people left drawings on stone and bone, on tree bark and animal skins. So the initial foundations of geographical knowledge were laid.
The birth of earth science
Geography is one of the oldest sciences. Its name comes from two Greek words: geo - Earth, grapho - I write (description). Originating in ancient times, geography at first really had a descriptive character. Travelers and navigators, commanders and merchants took scientists with them to write descriptions of new lands and peoples. More than 2200 years ago, a Greek scientist first collected these descriptions in a scientific work on the nature of the Earth and called it "Geography".
About 500 years ago - during the Age of Discovery - geography was the queen of the sciences for two centuries. Monarchs and wealthy merchants personally discussed plans for future expeditions with geographers and generously financed their travels in the hope of obtaining innumerable treasures. In a short historical period, a large part of the oceanic expanses and inhabited lands appeared. At this time, geography was a collection of a wide variety of information. She gave answers to the questions “what is it?” and “where is it located?” indicating the location of various objects on the surface of the Earth. However, even in the 18th century, the Arctic, Australia, and many inland regions of the continents remained white heels on the maps.
But as its geography develops main task was the study of laws, but by which our planet lives and develops. Geography began to transform from a descriptive discipline into a science that answers the question "why?". To do this, geographers needed to understand and explain the causes of the appearance and change of objects and natural phenomena.
Geographic Sciences
Modern geography is a complex branched system, or "tree" of sciences. Geography is the only science that combines diverse (knowledge about nature and people. All geographical objects and phenomena created by nature are studied by physical geography. Population and objects created by human activity are studied by social geography. One of the most important tasks of modern geographical science in general is the study of the diverse interaction of nature and society to solve the global (world) problems facing humanity, for example, the problem of providing the population with food, natural resources, including fuel and water. geographic maps Closely related to geography is the related science of geology.
Geographers today are specialists in many professions. Land waters are examined by a hydrologist, ice - by a glaciologist, unevenness of the Earth's surface -, flora and fauna of the planet - by a biotheographer. Geoecologists predict the consequences of human impact on nature. The system of geographical sciences also includes disciplines of a practical nature, for example, medical and military geography.
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Slides captions:
GEOGRAPHY: ANCIENT AND MODERN SCIENCE Krasnova Natalia Vladimirovna, SPb Governor's FML No. 30 2016
Since ancient times, people have been interested in what surrounds them.
Drawings and inscriptions on stones
Birch bark
Bone inscribed with cuneiform
Geography is one of the oldest sciences. Translated from Greek: geo - Earth grapho - I write (description)
This name was not born by chance. Getting acquainted with the nature, population and economy of unknown lands, people described what they saw. From these diverse descriptions of travelers and merchants, sailors and generals, the science of geography was born.
Eratosthenes (c. 276-194 BC), "father of geography". He collected descriptions of new lands and peoples in the scientific work "Geography".
He made the first measurements of the size of the Earth, the first in the world to calculate the circumference of the globe. He used degree measurements (measurements in km of arc length in 1 o).
The era of the great geographical discoveries is the heyday of science. Geography is the queen of sciences.
Geography helped people answer the questions “what is it?” and “where is it located?”. describe all earth's surface completely impossible - it is so great and complex. Therefore, answering the question “what is it?” Geography divided it into parts - geographical objects: mountains and plains, seas and oceans, countries and cities, enterprises and roads.
Geographic features are very diverse. They can be small and large, created by both nature and man. Along with geographical objects in nature and people's lives, the role of geographical phenomena is great - those events that occur in the world around us: thunderstorms and floods, high and low tides, droughts and hurricanes.
As geography developed, its main task was to study the laws by which our planet lives and develops. Geography began to answer the question "Why?".
Modern geography is a complex branched system.
Thank you for your attention!!!
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
Accepted for publication in the Collection of Materials of the VI All-Russian Scientific Conference "Social and Humanitarian Problems of Modern Science and Ways to Solve Them" (Chelyabinsk, November 15, 2013)...
