Stormwater wells. Groundwater drainage systems

The apartment is insulated from the inside in several cases: if the apartment or room is corner, if apartment house- panel, and if you want to save on heating. In all three cases, the ways to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside are the same, and come down to choosing options for fixing certain rooms. So, before insulating an apartment, the task is to choose the right technology and Construction Materials for thermal insulation.

Wall insulation technology inside the apartment

Despite the fact that external thermal insulation works more efficiently, they often do internal insulation premises in an apartment only because it is more convenient, cheaper and faster. The main disadvantage of this method is the reduction in the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room by. There are more advantages: this is the ability to do all the work yourself and without leaving the apartment, a large selection of heat-insulating materials and options for their fastening, as well as the use of the usual set of home tools when insulating the wall in the apartment from the inside. Parallel to overall effect- an increase in the temperature in the apartment - the effect of saving energy resources on ensuring the operation of the heating system is manifested.

Among the shortcomings, which should also be noted, the following can be listed:

Internal wall insulation does not contribute to the accumulation of heat - the material simply reduces heat losses, which can be 9-14%;
When isolating the premises from the inside with your own hands, the so-called. The "dew point" is formed in the gap between the wall material and the heat insulator, less often - inside the insulation, so condensation may appear in the wall, which will lead to the appearance of mold and other fungal diseases;
Technological violations of the process of internal insulation will lead to freezing of the surface, which, in turn, will cause the destruction of the walls.

The composition of the insulation cake, laid inside on the walls, it is necessary to include a vapor barrier to protect against moisture.

Scroll necessary work and materials for high-quality insulation:

You need to buy high-quality vapor barrier material (film), as well as moisture-resistant adhesive tape, which will connect the joints of the rolled vapor barrier;
The main material of the insulation should be with low vapor permeability, if possible, this indicator should be less than the vapor permeability of the walls so that it can move only in one direction - from the apartment to the outside, and not vice versa;
If thermal insulation material will be glued to the wall, then you need to buy glue. The surface of the insulation is completely lubricated with glue with a layer of 3-5 mm, so that all the irregularities of the wall are filled;
Since the insulation will retain moisture, leaving it in the premises, insulated rooms must be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation. Excess moisture with high-quality insulation without ventilation can be observed on the window glass in the form of streaks - the windows will begin to “cry”. Also, instead of (together) with ventilation devices, it will be useful to install ventilation valves of the Aereco, Air-Box or Regel-Air type on PVC frames.

What else needs to be done before insulating the wall in corner apartment from inside:

Calculations are carried out to determine the thickness of the thermal insulation layer. The thickness of the insulation in a brick or other house depends on the average temperature in the region in winter;
The surface of the insulated wall before work is protected by a primer, which protects the wall material from mold and enhances the adhesive properties of surfaces;
The insulation is glued or attached to the dowels after the surface has completely dried.

Types of heaters for an apartment

Mineral wool (stone, basalt, fiberglass) is an insulator for interior surfaces, but wall insulation inside an apartment with concrete walls requires the use of a high-density material to create a vapor-tight surface. Mineral wool "breathes", so when it is used, condensation may appear on the walls under the insulation. Therefore, when choosing mineral wool, you need to buy material only with the highest density, for example, like polystyrene foam. Do not forget about vapor barrier - without it, the possibility of condensation also increases.

Expanded polystyrene, polystyrene or foam plastic are more suitable for insulating walls from the inside, as they have low thermal conductivity and a fairly high density. Dense material is a smaller thickness of the insulation layer, which means saving usable space. In addition, the weight of these heat-insulating materials is small, so it will be easy to work with them, and a flat work surface will allow you to quickly fix the plates on any wall and in any way - with glue or dowels. EPP and its varieties can be easily cut with an ordinary knife, but with such ease of machining, the material withstands compressive forces well.

The use of these heaters eliminates the occurrence of a "dew point" in the heat insulator, so vapor barrier is not needed. The joints of the insulation boards are insulated mounting foam, which automatically eliminates the appearance of "cold bridges". In addition, extruded polystyrene foam boards are equipped with special locking grooves and spikes that tightly and firmly connect the surfaces into a monolith, so such wall insulation inside the apartment will be much tougher than mineral wool insulation. Mounting such plates is quite simple: they are placed in a row and fixed with plastic umbrella dowels through the wall.

One of the significant disadvantages of foam plastic and foam plastic is the low noise insulation coefficient. Flammability and release of toxic substances are also negative properties of these materials. Therefore, in order to level or at least minimize these negative aspects, a wall insulated with expanded polystyrene should be plastered or covered with drywall (also followed by finishing with a layer of plaster).

Polyurethane foam is a material that foams when applied to the surface, and you will need special equipment to work with it. But the effect of such thermal insulation is much higher than that of insulation with the materials described above, since the hardening foam forms a seamless, dense and rigid surface, for which it is not necessary to pre-lay vapor and waterproofing.

Before insulating a corner room with polyurethane foam, a wooden or metal carcass, between the profiles of which liquid thermal insulation is applied. The frame is necessary so that after insulation it can be attached to the sheathing sheets - drywall, plywood, OSB, etc.

In addition, when working with polyurethane foam, the following qualities are manifested:

Polyurethane foam quickly hardens, and you can give it the desired shape by trimming. For example, to form an even and right angle, or to cut a niche in the body of the insulation;
PPU ideally insulates the places of "cold bridges" on the joints of surfaces;
The surface of the frozen polyurethane foam adheres well to even and curved surfaces;
PPU is convenient to use when insulating rooms with non-standard geometric dimensions and architectural forms;
The surface of PPU can be finished with any decorative materials, from drywall to tiles.

How to insulate an apartment panel house from within? Cork is a natural insulation produced in slabs or rolls. The material is cork wood, which is the key to the environmental friendliness of the interior coating. In addition to insulation, cork isolates noise well, and the texture of the plates does not require additional decoration.

The only condition that will have to be ensured before insulating the wall in the apartment from the inside with a cork is a flat surface, therefore, before gluing the plates or a roll of cork, the surface is leveled by plastering. For this you need to remove old paint, whitewash or plaster, treat the wall with an antiseptic and prime. The last operation is the application of a layer of plaster, on which, after it has dried, it will be possible to attach the cork coating. The cork is glued to the wall surface with the same glue that is used for gluing polystyrene foam, if it is not possible to purchase a special adhesive composition.

In addition to environmental friendliness, low thermal conductivity and excellent sound insulation, cork has the following advantages:

Simple, quick and easy installation, neat and clean work;
Beautiful coating texture;
Warm to the touch velvety surface;
Different forms of plates and rolls, different textures and patterns on the surface;
The cork heat insulator has a small thickness, so the insulation does not take up much space in the room and does not take up the useful area of the room.

Foam-based thermal insulation materials are produced in rolls 2-10 mm thick. The strip has a one-sided foil coating that directs heat radiation back into the room.

Penofol technology:

Before fixing the penofol, the walls must be cleaned of old coatings, leveled and plastered clean;
On a new prepared surface, penofol is easiest to fix with double-sided construction tape, foil to the room. The cattle should also be covered with foil on one side;
Strips from a roll after rolling are fastened end-to-end to each other;
On top of the mounted foam coating, a wooden lath is assembled. Also, the frame can be made of a metal profile. A decorative coating will subsequently be attached to the frame - lining, drywall, swings or other building materials. If drywall is used, then after fixing it on the wall, it is plastered, wallpapered or painted. Also, when covering the penofol with drywall, a ventilation gap should be left between it and the wall, through which air will circulate and expel accumulated moisture.

Penofol, even with its small thickness (much thinner than other heaters), is an almost perfect heat insulator and noise suppressor. The high characteristics of penofol are quite enough to use it without additional insulation measures, but if necessary (for example, in the Far North), combine it with other types of thermal insulation materials. And the main thing when working with penofol: it is quickly mounted, it performs its functions for a long time and reliably, and takes up almost no space on the wall.

When choosing a heat-insulating material for the internal insulation of the walls of an apartment, a preliminary examination of the room will help determine the characteristics of the insulation for the level of preparedness of the walls for work. On a dry and mold-free surface, the insulation can be fixed immediately, but if there is even the slightest sign of surface moisture, the wall should be dried and the entire preparatory complex of measures should be carried out, from applying antiseptic compounds to leveling and re-drying.

Without careful surface preparation, insulation can turn out to be not only a useless and expensive undertaking - it will adversely affect the microflora in the thickness of the wall, causing first microscopic, and then more and more cracks and destruction. In addition, mold bacteria and high humidity in a room always lead to respiratory diseases of the people living in it.

Insulation of an apartment is a troublesome, but very useful procedure that allows you to improve the microclimate in your home, create comfort and coziness. The need for this event arises if the heating networks do not cope with their task, or when the configuration of the room contributes to an increase in heat loss. For example, corner apartments that have an additional window, but in return receive a cold corner that is constantly wet or covered with a crust of ice. The recommended SNiP increase in temperature by 2 ° or an increase in the number of sections in heating radiators does not give the desired effect, requiring more effective methods. Let's figure out together how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside and what needs to be done for this.

What does "corner apartment" mean?

Corner apartments are located in the end sections of residential buildings. One or two rooms in such apartments have two adjacent walls bordering the street. The layout of such apartments is no different from the configuration of all the others in the house, only an additional window and a heating radiator appear, moreover, such an addition is not found in all corner rooms. To compensate for heat losses through enclosing structures resulting from an increase in the area of external walls, an increase in the internal temperature by 2 ° is provided, which is ensured by an increase in the standard number of radiator battery sections. In practice, this is achieved either by having a battery installed under an additional window in the room, or by installing a radiator. bigger size(number of sections).

These measures rarely work as intended, as they are designed to solve the problems of the conventional premises and do not take into account many of the impacts that exist in reality:

The outer wall is located on the windward side of the house;
Depreciation of heating networks, non-compliance of the heating regime with regulatory requirements;
Mistakes and shortcomings made during the construction of the house.

These factors are often present all together, significantly changing the temperature in the apartment for the worse. The cold surface of the walls begins to get wet due to the active formation of condensate, the apartment becomes cold and uncomfortable. Such situations are quite common and require appropriate measures.

Wall freezing is a common occurrence in corner apartments.

Ways to insulate an apartment

Insulation consists in installing a special material on the outer walls - a heat insulator. There are two types of insulation:

External (external). Experts unanimously consider this technique the only true one. The installation of a heat insulator is carried out with outside walls that are separated from contact with the outside cold air. As a result, the thermal circuit of the room begins to operate in the nominal mode, the surface temperature of the enclosing structures returns to normal, and the formation of condensate stops.
Internal. Forced option, used when it is impossible to produce external insulation. The insulator is installed with inside walls. The volume of the room decreases (slightly), it becomes necessary to install a durable protective layer over the heat insulator. The main disadvantage of the method is the exclusion of walls from the composition of the thermal contour of the room. From now on, they perform only the functions of an external mechanical barrier, not participating in the heat saving of the apartment.

External insulation has a lot of advantages:

Works are carried out outside, without creating inconvenience for living.
The surface of the walls remains intact, the interior of the room does not change, there is no need for sheathing or decoration.
The microclimate of the room improves, there is a feeling of coziness and comfort.

The disadvantage of external insulation is the complexity of the work outside, the reasons for which may be:

The apartment is located on one of the upper floors;
The facade of the building has an architectural value, as a result of which the installation of any materials is excluded;
Any technical or decorative objects are installed on the wall;
The building is located close to other buildings or structures;
Work can only be carried out during the warm season.

Internal insulation is almost completely devoid of these shortcomings, no permit is required for work, you can work at any time of the year. And yet, experts prefer external insulation. The reason for this is the presence of water vapor in the internal air of the apartment. It is gradually absorbed into the outer walls, passes through them and evaporates from the outside. This process happens all the time in any living space. Mounting the insulator from the outside does not stop it, you just need to correctly organize the progress of work. With internal insulation, water vapor is locked inside the apartment, which has a sharp negative effect on the microclimate. There is a strong humidity, a feeling of stuffiness, lack of comfort.

It is important! The solution to the problem is the installation of high-quality ventilation system, which removes the internal air saturated with water vapor.

The choice of internal insulation, as a rule, is due to the lack of the ability to work outside. Outdoor work requires a permit, which is not easy to obtain. In addition, to install a heat insulator, you will have to involve industrial climbers, which will be quite expensive.

External thermal insulation is more preferable, but is associated with high costs

Therefore, most apartment owners choose a more affordable and simple option - internal insulation. The method allows you to get a positive result, it is only important to correctly understand the physical essence of the process and organize it in the right way.

Types of heaters

There are many insulation materials on the market. Consider the most popular heaters in detail.

Mineral wool

One of the most good options is stone (basalt) wool. Usually, when it comes to mineral wool, they mean exactly stone, although the term denotes a wide group of materials, which include slag wool, glass wool and other types of similar insulators. Basalt wool is more convenient to use, has a good set of operational and technical characteristics. It does not burn, does not emit harmful substances and is not subject to decay. Issued in different forms- from rolled to more rigid slab. The disadvantage of mineral wool is the ability to absorb water, which makes installation somewhat difficult and requires additional operations.

Mineral wool slabs are one of the most popular insulation for walls and other surfaces.

Styrofoam

This insulation is a confident leader among all other types in terms of popularity. The reason for this is the low price of the material, low weight, ease of installation and processing. The material is resistant to water, has stable dimensions and geometry of the plates, impervious to water vapor. For internal insulation, this is the most preferred option, budgetary and not time-consuming.

Styrofoam is suitable for both internal and external insulation

Penoplex

From a chemical point of view, this material is a complete analogue of polystyrene - both of them are variants of expanded polystyrene. But unlike polystyrene, which is expanded polystyrene granules connected during heat treatment, foam polystyrene (extruded polystyrene foam) is a monolithic material, hardened foam. It is stronger and heavier than foam, has a higher price.

Penoplex does not crumble during processing, it is completely resistant to moisture or water vapor.

polyurethane foam

A specific heat insulator, sold in liquid form and applied by spraying onto the surface to be treated. In air, the material foams and hardens, as a result, an airtight layer is formed, resembling mounting foam. Polyurethane foam is ideal for insulating walls with complex geometry, the presence of small defects or protruding parts. The price of the material is quite high, in addition, special equipment is used for application. These factors somewhat limit the use, although the performance of the insulator is very high. It is completely impervious to moisture, sealed and perfectly covers the surface without gaps or gaps.

Wall insulation with sprayed polyurethane foam

There are other materials that can be used for internal insulation. It is not advisable to list them all, since they are noticeably inferior to the named species in terms of operational and technical specifications or are expensive.

It is important! When choosing a material, it is necessary to take into account an important parameter - vapor permeability. For internal insulation, it is important to qualitatively cut off the wall from any contact with internal air, otherwise it will start to get wet. If a non-vapour-permeable material is used, install it firmly and without gaps on the surface.

Permeable types of heat insulators require the installation of a vapor barrier film, which increases the number of installation operations and requires additional costs. Permeable types of insulation include mineral wool and polystyrene, foam or polyurethane foam are impervious to steam or water.

Carrying out work

The process of insulation consists in installing a dense layer of heat insulator on the entire surface of the outer walls. A feature of the insulation is the need to install a protective and decorative sheathing on top of the insulation, for which it is necessary to create a supporting structure - battens. It is a series of planks forming a vertical plane located at a distance from the wall equal to the thickness of the heat insulator. It is tightly inserted between the planks of the crate, forming a continuous layer without gaps or gaps.

Insulation of corner apartments is characterized by the need to install thermal insulation on two adjacent walls, which increases the consumption of lathing, insulation and vapor barrier. In addition, the overall volume of work is increasing. It will be necessary to qualitatively and hermetically insulate the joint of the two walls.

Procedure:

Surface preparation. Everything is taken off the wall foreign objects, hanging lamps, brackets, flower beds, etc.
The walls are marked, the attachment points of the lathing slats are determined. The markup should take into account the width of the insulation and the lathing strips, so that you do not have to subsequently adjust the heat insulator.
Lathing installation. Wooden bars or metal guides for drywall are used. Installation metal elements more convenient, allows you to get the exact distance from the wall, corresponding to the thickness of the insulation. At the same time, metal parts are capable of creating so-called cold bridges, which form pockets of condensation. Wooden planks do not form cold bridges, but require great precision in installation.
Installing a vapor barrier. This item is only necessary when using mineral wool. Vapor barrier is an ordinary polyethylene film (you can take a standard sleeve). Installation is carried out in horizontal stripes. The first row is below, the next overlap is at least 10 cm above it - and so on until the wall area is completely covered. The joints of the film must be glued with construction tape. Installation is carried out on top of the lathing laths, the film is wrapped around them and fits snugly against the wall.
Installing a heat insulator. Slabs (or cut pieces) of material are tightly inserted between the battens of the crate. You need to keep a bottle of mounting foam on hand to immediately fill the cracks or gaps if they appear. Some experts recommend covering all edges of the insulation with mounting foam in order to seal even the smallest gaps.
A second layer of waterproofing is installed on top of the heat insulator. For impermeable materials, a polyethylene film is suitable, but for mineral wool it is better to take a vapor-waterproofing membrane. It has the ability to pass water vapor in one direction. When installing, you must carefully monitor that the material allows you to remove steam from the inside of the formed cocoon. This will ensure that the heat insulator dries out if water gets into it in any way.
After that, a layer of protection is attached to the surface of the lathing slats. Actually, the crate is installed precisely in order to have a supporting structure for mounting the skin. Commonly used sheet materials- plywood, drywall or the like. Some owners prefer lining or Wall panels. The choice is determined by the capabilities and preferences of the owner.

Stage of installation of waterproofing for internal wall insulation

One of the options for installing a protective layer is the application of plaster. The works are associated with the use of wet solutions and require some time to dry, but the result is quite decent, masking the work done in the best way. If you plan to use plaster, you can do without crates. The insulation is tightly installed on the wall using an adhesive composition, after which a fiberglass reinforcing mesh is attached to the surface and a layer of plaster is applied. This option is best used if foam is used as a heater. The ability to refuse the installation of the crate allows you to use enough thin insulation while maintaining the volume of the room. Simplified work in the area of radiators and risers of the heating system, it becomes easier to insulate the window opening.

The use of warm plaster is one of the effective ways reduction of heat loss

After the installation of the skin, the finishing is done. All works are carried out indoors, so they do not depend on the season or the weather outside. No permits for internal insulation are needed, these actions do not constitute a redevelopment or even a reorganization of residential premises.

Insulation of a room in a panel house

In panel houses, the main problem areas are interpanel joints. Insulation will not be effective enough if the joint is not previously sealed, for which it is necessary to open it as much as possible along the entire length of the wall. Usually, the joints of the plates are sealed with tow, gypsum or plaster. The gap should be opened as much as possible with a spatula or a narrow chisel. Remove old tow, aggregate or other material. Then you need to examine the resulting gap and determine its depth. The best option the joint will be filled with mounting foam. It is not difficult, it is carried out quickly enough and allows you to effectively seal the joint.

It is important! After the foam has hardened, the parts protruding from the gap are carefully cut with a knife to form an even angle. Further work is carried out according to the general technology of insulation.

Insulation of a room in a brick house

Brickwork is well tied up at the corner joints and does not have slots with access to the outside. This allows you to work without preliminary insulation plane connections. At the same time, the properties of the material require hydrophobization before installing the heat insulator. For this Brick wall, to be insulated, is cleared of a layer of plaster over the entire area. After that, the surface is covered with a layer of water repellent with a brush or roller. It is necessary to use a material of deep penetration for internal works. Some types require application in several layers, as written in the instructions on the package. After the composition has dried, a heat insulator is installed on the surface of the walls using conventional technology.

Video: how to insulate a wall in an apartment

Insulation of corner apartments is a forced measure, dictated by mistakes made during the construction or design of housing. The main task of the owner is a dense and hermetic installation of a heat insulator that completely cuts off external walls from contact with the internal atmosphere of the apartment. Any gap forms a section that will constantly get wet and gradually impregnate the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe wall, which will sooner or later lead to its destruction. Accuracy and thoroughness in the performance of work will allow you to get high-quality and effective result, which changes the thermal regime in the room and increases comfort for residents.

In buildings where panel walls are installed, it is often necessary to perform insulation. Just the thickness of such walls is not enough. The following is observed: the room cools down quickly, while the heating system does not in all cases cope with the tasks. As a result, the temperature in the rooms drops, the residents feel uncomfortable. The problem must be solved. This will be discussed - how to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside on your own. What materials should be used for this work, how to apply them correctly.

Walls in the apartment and their insulation

External thermal insulation of walls - this method can be called one of the most effective, if you need to keep warm in the apartment.

But this option is expensive - the complexity of implementation is too high, it is necessary to use special equipment, hire professional workers. The higher the number of storeys, the more difficult and costly.

Wall insulation in the apartment from the inside is fully justified in different cases. For instance:

If there is a ban from the authorities that the facade of the building cannot be changed. This happens if the building is of cultural value, or if the front of the house has access to the main street;
If behind the wall there is an expansion joint between a pair of buildings;
When the elevator shaft is behind a wall, or there is any other room that is not heated. Accordingly, mount external insulation in such a situation is not possible.

There is an exit! Optimal choice- insulate the walls from the inside in the apartment. Yes, this will cut off the usable area in the premises a little. But warm rooms of a slightly smaller area are better than spacious cold rooms. Moreover, if you work inside, you can do the work yourself, without hiring specialists. The main thing is to act correctly: prepare the necessary tools and materials for work.

When equipment is installed in the apartment autonomous heating, insulated walls perfectly help to save energy resources - this is exactly what any owner wants to achieve.

Read more about the pros and cons of internal insulation if you can't make a decision:

Positive sides:

The cost of work will be affordable for almost any family;
Installation can be done regardless of weather conditions;
In the process, it will be possible to align the walls.

Minuses:

Condensation may appear, and the formation of mold colonies should not be ruled out. To avoid this, you will have to think over high-quality ventilation - then these problems will not exist;
The wall does not accumulate heat, does not retain it. Often the losses are 15%;
If you insulate the wall incorrectly, it will definitely freeze through. After some time, because of this, the material will collapse;
The volume of the room will decrease;
The interior decoration of the rooms will suffer;
Residents often experience inconvenience if the apartment is being renovated.

Insulation from the inside - how to do it right

It should be noted that the thermal insulation of the walls of the apartment from the inside, which in the future will prevent the appearance of condensate due to temperature fluctuations in winter period, as well as the occurrence of mold spots on the walls, must be carried out correctly - all technological recommendations must be observed.

When a thermal insulation "pie" is formed, its structure is created, and high-quality vapor barrier is necessarily made. It should protect the insulation from moisture ingress into it.

Before proceeding with the insulation of the wall in the apartment inside, it is worth studying a number of recommendations on how the work is done:

It is necessary to buy a high quality vapor barrier film - this is a must. Also, the shopping list should have waterproof tape so that you can seal all the joints between the sheets without any problems;
A material with low vapor permeability is being prepared - this indicator should be lower than that of the walls. This approach is a guarantee that moisture will evaporate correctly towards the street, there will be no evaporation into the apartment;
It is important to glue the insulation as tightly as possible to the wall surface - this will be confirmed by any experienced craftsman;
Inside the room it is necessary to equip ventilation - it can be either forced or natural. Due to this, there will be no excess moisture. For example, special valves are often placed on window frames today - it is through them that fresh air will enter the room, which is very convenient;
Before insulating the walls in the apartment from the inside, it is necessary to correctly calculate the thickness of the insulation, which will be optimal.

This value depends entirely on what your region is the average daily temperature in winter. What happens if the thermal insulation material turns out to be less than the design parameters? There will be a violation of the steam-thermal balance.

The wall insulation system is installed after special primer solutions have been applied to the surface. This will help protect against mold, and adhesion will also be increased, which is important if thermal insulation is being arranged;
Installation of insulation should be carried out strictly on the wall, which is thoroughly dried;
When a heater is installed, "cold bridges" are considered unacceptable. Especially where there are butt seams. It is these "bridges" that can spoil the whole process, significantly complicate the work.

What materials to use for insulation

Each owner decides how to insulate the walls in the apartment from the inside.

We only need pay attention to a number of materials and their features to make the right decision.

Penofol - in detail

Material advantages:

Is environmentally friendly;
Compared to other materials, it has a small thickness;
The level of vapor permeability is low;
Noise isolation is high;
Installation is easy;
The level of fire safety is high;
Transportation is made without any difficulties;
The material is not liked by rodents.

Minuses:

This material is soft, so light pressure is enough - dents are instantly formed;
To perform high-quality fixation, a special glue is used;
If the wall insulation is external, foil foam is used as an additional heat-insulating layer. It is due to it that thermal energy is reflected, reliable protection against moisture is created - you need to know about this.

mineral wool

Positive sides:

The material is not combustible;
Has low thermal conductivity;
Sound isolation is high;
There is good breathability and vapor permeability;
For rodents, mineral wool is of no interest; the same can be said about insects. Constructions are even a fact.

Negative sides:

Absorbs moisture strongly;
Do not do without additional vapor barrier;
If mineral wool is used long time, shrinkage may occur;
The area of the rooms will decrease, as the material has a greater thickness.

Ecowool as a heater

Advantages:

The material does not burn;
Is environmentally friendly;
Has low thermal conductivity;
The level of sound insulation is high;
It can be in operation for a very long time.

Minuses:

It costs too much.

Expanded polystyrene for insulation of the apartment from the inside

Positive sides:

Plates do not weigh much;
Strength characteristics are high;
The price is much lower when compared with mineral plates;
Easy to process;
It is not hygroscopic.

Negative sides:

Soundproofing leaves much to be desired;
Vapor permeability coefficient is low;
Partial destruction cannot be ruled out if the temperature rises above 80 degrees;
Low resistance to various organic solvents is observed;
Limited in use. If the height of the house is more than 25 meters, it is not recommended to use it;
The plates are combustible. Expanded polystyrene is a self-extinguishing material, it does not support combustion.

An interesting point: if it turns out that the expanded polystyrene plates do not fade themselves, this indicates one thing - the material does not meet the requirements of the standard. It is forbidden to use it in the apartment.

polyurethane foam

Advantages:

The insulation is made right where the work is being done, which is very convenient. The set of required components is minimal. Accordingly, shipping costs are reduced;
Weighs little;
In addition to insulation, it gives the wall additional strength;
Able to withstand a wide range of temperatures - from minus two hundred degrees to plus two hundred;
When the installation is completed, the owner will see a solid canvas, there will be no seams here.

Flaws:

If the polyurethane foam is exposed to sunlight (direct UV rays), wear occurs quickly;
It is necessary to protect the additional insulation received. Plaster, any panels will help with this. Some use plain paint. However, this is even good - the surface eventually becomes as aesthetic as possible. When - the same thing is done;
When the temperature is high, the insulation can smolder. If there is strong heating, a fire cannot be ruled out, this also happened.

Cork as a heater

pros:

Weighs very little;
The material is strong, hard;
It is not subject to rotting, mold does not appear due to exposure to moisture;
Cork is an absolute dielectric, static electricity does not accumulate;
Is not combustible. If smoldering - toxic, harmful substances not highlighted;
Rodents are not afraid;
When the humidity level fluctuates, the cork does not change volume, unlike many other heaters;
Installation work is carried out easily, so even beginners will not have problems with how to insulate the wall in the apartment from the inside;
Complete environmental safety.

Minuses:

It is expensive, not every family can afford it.

Plaster

Advantages:

Very easy to apply;
Remarkable adhesion is observed with any kind of surface;
In difficult preparatory work there is no need. Plaster is a plastic material, so it will level the wall itself;
Application is easily done manually, but if you want, there is always an option to use auxiliary technical devices;
Irregularities can be eliminated without problems - defects, cracks, all this is not a reason for unrest;
There are no cold bridges.

Flaws:

When the application of the plaster is completed, it is necessary to do an additional primer, staining;
If you plan to apply “warm plaster” - the wall must be dried before work;
Since the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the plaster is large, high-quality insulation can be obtained only when the mortar layer is thick - this is not always convenient.

Above, we examined the main materials that are suitable for insulating walls from the inside in an apartment. There are actually a lot of options here..

When walls are insulated in an apartment, two basic rules must be remembered: organize a strong vapor barrier so that condensate does not appear between the insulation and the wall. Also, over to make good ventilation - all moist air from the room should be removed.

Before insulating the walls in the apartment from the inside, in order to protect yourself from unnecessary expenses, it is better to carefully study this topic. All thermal insulation materials that exist today are usually divided into groups, which, in turn, correspond to the material that was used in the construction of the walls of the house - it is important to remember this so that the end result is positive.

Let's look at a few examples:

If the wall is made of brick, you do not need to choose the insulation that is designed for concrete walls. In this case, expanded polystyrene foam is perfect;
When concrete walls are insulated, polystyrene foam is also often used. The main thing is to choose an extruded material;
For concrete walls any heater will do. But here it is also necessary to use a vapor barrier material on any of its surfaces. Ideal Solution- foil, this material will give the necessary protection.

Warming - features of work inside the apartment

It is worth talking in detail about how to interact with one or another heater so that the apartment is warm and the positive effect is preserved for years.

How to insulate with penofol

To achieve the best result, it is necessary to make an air gap on both sides.

Acceptable indicators - 20 mm. In this case, penofol is fixed on a wooden crate, which, in turn, is attached to the base - this is how the desired strength is achieved.

What is being done for this:

Detailed description:

Wooden planks, two centimeters thick, are attached to the wall surface. This is done vertically, it can also be done horizontally. The step is chosen depending on the width of the roll;
slats in wooden walls attached with self-tapping screws, and for brick and concrete surfaces dowels are used;
They take rolled material, strips of the desired length are cut from it. Then they are shot with staples to the planks - a construction stapler will help in this;
Penofol webs are mounted end-to-end, the material is installed inside the room with the foil side;
Each joint must be carefully glued with aluminum tape;
The planks are installed and attached to the crate - it is they who will provide the air outer layer of the desired size;
The walls are sheathed on the outside with sheets of drywall, lining or other materials are also used for this.

Mineral wool insulation - details

Working with this material is somewhat more difficult - you can not do without wooden slats. And the installation order looks something like this:

Vertical slats are placed on the walls - this is done using the building level. Just one plane should be provided for all elements;
The waterproofing layer is placed between the rails, you can also fix directly to the rail;
How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside now? Very simple - it remains to lay only the insulation itself.

So that there are no cold bridges, the heat-insulating material is placed extremely tightly in the cavity between the slats. In size, it sometimes has to be cut - but only a little more than the distance between the slats. The fact is that there should not be any gaps between the canvases, even minimal ones.

After they put a vapor barrier material, they perform fasteners with slats;
If there is no plaster layer, the ideal approach to business is to lay in two layers mineral wool, this will be more than enough.

About insulation with polystyrene foam

This solution can be called one of the cheapest and easiest if you need to insulate an apartment. If the walls are built of brick, the first thing they advise is to plaster, only then move on.

What then? Following:

When the coating dries, the wall is leveled - putty is used for this;
They put waterproofing material, which will completely protect the wall from the appearance of condensate between the insulation and the main one;
Next, you can install sheets of insulation. For fastening, a special glue is usually chosen. At the same time, the composition is not applied to the foam, but directly to the surface of the wall - this is correct;
It is recommended to place foam panels end-to-end, there is no need to make any gaps here;
They put a vapor barrier material, you can’t do without it.

How to insulate with polyurethane foam

To spray polyurethane foam, you need to use special equipment- no other way.

Moreover:

A wooden crate must be mounted on the wall - it is she who will act as guides when the material is sprayed. It will also be the main one, on which the decorative trim will be fixed;
Then the polyurethane foam is installed;
Attach trim panels. In general, nothing complicated.

Plaster and work with it

What should be done before insulating the walls from the inside in the apartment with plaster? It is important to study some features of the forthcoming work. For example, warm plaster is applied to the walls in three layers - this is important.

The first step is spraying with liquid plaster - so that the composition can get into all the cracks. The composition is thrown evenly, with a certain effort. The layer thickness should be at least 1 cm;
Now apply soil. If they are thermally insulated with plaster, it will be the main one. A coating thickness of 0.5-0.6 cm is sufficient.

It is best to apply the primer in several layers, while the size of each can be 2-3 cm. Due to this, the coating will not separate from the walls due to its weight. After application, it is important to dry each layer thoroughly.

Now the cover. That is, the finishing layer, which has a thickness of up to 0.5 cm. To make this layer, fine clean sand is used, which is diluted with water. This composition is easily rubbed into the wall surface, a completely flat plane is obtained.

Cork and insulation

What to do if you need to insulate the wall in the apartment with a cork from the inside. In fact, there is nothing complicated here - first the surface is prepared: ideally, the base should turn out to be as even as possible. This process is controlled by the building level.

How to get the desired result? So:

If the surface of the wall is not smooth enough, it must be plastered, then various cracks, protrusions, depressions, and other flaws are removed;
When the leveling work is done, the room must be left to dry thoroughly.

It is not necessary to carry out wall insulation with cork materials inside the room if the surface is damp. Because of this, not only fungus can occur, but the panels can also be deformed.

When installing the insulation, it is necessary to strictly follow the instructions for the adhesive - this is very important;
During operation, the strength of the coating will be worthy only when all the technological aspects of the work are performed correctly;
The cork, on which the glue was applied, is simply applied to the wall. Then the material is strengthened. At the same time, it is important to act accurately and accurately. Many cork adhesive bases set very quickly, almost instantly. That is, it will no longer be possible to somehow change the location of the product after laying on the wall.

The video “how to insulate walls in an apartment from the inside” will tell you in detail about the process of insulating a wall inside an apartment - the lesson will be useful to everyone: both an experienced master and a beginner.

During the installation of the cork, it is important to ensure that the room is well ventilated. Glue can easily be toxic, in addition, the compositions usually have an unpleasant odor (very sharp).

All the recommendations discussed above will help to reliably insulate the walls in the apartment from the inside. How to do this in the end is up to the owner to decide, only he knows the answer to the question of what heaters will be used. Cold should not get into the apartment. If this is observed, the problem must be solved as soon as possible, then life in the room will be comfortable.

September 3, 2016
Specialization: facade finishing, interior finishing, construction of dachas, garages. The experience of an amateur gardener and horticulturist. He also has experience repairing cars and motorcycles. Hobbies: playing the guitar and much more, for which there is not enough time :)

V Lately With the constant increase in energy prices, people tend to insulate their apartments. This procedure really allows you to save on heating and make your home more comfortable, but at the same time, it must be done correctly so that you do not encounter a number of problems later. Therefore, in this article we will consider how to insulate the walls of an apartment inside, and whether it makes sense to do this at all.

Is it worth it to insulate the walls from the inside

Insulating walls from the inside, of course, is much easier than from the outside. However, I will immediately note that this is far from the best solution for several reasons:

after the installation of thermal insulation, the walls will no longer warm up at all, as a result of which between them and the wall will be formed. This, in turn, can lead to the formation of mold and even the appearance of cracks on the walls;
when the heater is located from the inside, it is not possible to insulate the ceiling, as a result, the ceiling also turns out to be “cold”, and condensation may form on it;
insulation from the inside takes up living space. In a large apartment, this, of course, will be practically unnoticeable, but for a Khrushchev apartment, where every square centimeter counts, the usable area decreases significantly.

This raises the question - why do internal insulation at all, if it has so many shortcomings? The fact is that it is not always possible to insulate the walls from the outside. For example, if the facade of your house faces the central city street or square, then local authorities are unlikely to allow you to change its appearance.

In addition, sometimes it is not possible to perform external insulation for technical reasons, for example, if the wall is adjacent to an unheated elevator shaft. Thus, it makes sense to implement wall insulation from the inside in the apartment in the following cases:

if it is not possible to place the insulation outside;
if internal insulation is used as an addition to the external one. Even if the additional insulation on the walls is thin enough, it will become much more comfortable inside the housing.

After the walls are insulated from the inside, it is necessary to ensure high-quality ventilation of the room, since the apartment, in fact, turns into a large sealed thermos. This, in turn, will lead to an increase in humidity and a deterioration in the microclimate.

In other cases, it is better to insulate the apartment from the outside.

Warming technology

The process of insulating walls with your own hands from the inside includes several stages:

Each of these stages has its own nuances, which we will discuss below.

Preparation of materials

You need to start work on insulation, of course, with the preparation of materials. Since people are often interested in the best way to insulate housing from the inside, I will say a few words about the insulation.

In principle, you can use any thermal insulation material, since their degree of thermal conductivity differs slightly. However, it should be borne in mind that the material will not be located in housing, but outside it. Therefore, it is better to refuse polystyrene, but mineral wool is good decision- this heat insulator is much more environmentally friendly, besides fireproof.

In addition to insulation, you will need the following materials:

vapor barrier film- prevents moisture penetration into the insulation. If it is not used, then the insulation will be saturated with water, which entails a number of negative consequences;

material for mounting the frame - it can be wooden bars or boards. However, most often they use a regular mounting profile. In this case, you will need more brackets and guides;
drywall or other material for sheathing the frame (lining, plastic panels etc.)

To complete the purchase of all these materials, you must first calculate the square of the walls. Knowing what the price of each of the materials is, you can calculate the cost of internal insulation in advance.

Wall preparation

So, we figured out how to insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside. Now let's get to work.

As mentioned above, before insulating the wall from the inside in the apartment, it must be prepared. This is done as follows:

first of all, it is necessary to remove the old coating from the wall - wallpaper, tiles, etc. If the wall is covered with gypsum putty or plaster, it is also desirable to remove it.
As mentioned above, moisture will form between the wall and the insulation, as a result of which the gypsum will soak, respectively, this will not lead to anything good. You can remove the plaster with a chisel and a hammer or a puncher turned on in impact mode.

then be sure to treat the wall with antiseptics that will prevent mold. Instructions for use of drugs are usually available on the package.

To achieve the maximum effect of insulation, it is necessary to insulate the ceiling as well, i.e. overlap, which will be adjacent to the frozen wall. This can be done using the wet method - glue the mineral wool plates and additionally fix them with dowels. The surface of the insulation is plastered, on our portal you can get detailed information on how this is done.

This completes the preparation process.

Arrangement of the ventilation gap

The process of arranging the ventilation gap is carried out at the stage of waterproofing the walls. It should be noted that many construction sites offer thermal insulation from the inside without a ventilation gap.

The big disadvantage of such a scheme is that moisture is necessarily formed between the wall and the insulation, which does not go anywhere, which leads to the destruction of the wall. Therefore, it is better to refuse its implementation.

Arrangement of the ventilation gap is carried out in the following sequence:

attach to walls wooden slats about two centimeters thick. You can arrange them horizontally in increments of about a meter. You can attach the slats to the walls with dowel-nails.
The slats must first be treated with a protective compound so that they do not rot in a humid environment;
then several holes must be made in the wall in order for the ventilation gap to work. To do this, drill holes with a diameter of about 20 mm. To prevent the holes from clogging, they must be protected with a mesh;
further, a vapor barrier film is attached to the resulting crate. Moreover, it should be stretched so that a ventilation gap is formed between the wall and the film.

To drill holes from the inside in a panel house for dowel-nails, you should use a puncher with a pobedit drill.

Frame installation

The frame consists of vertical racks, which are arranged in increments equal to the width of the heat insulator plates. In order for the insulation to fit securely to the uprights, the step between them can be made even a centimeter less than the width of the insulation.

The frame assembly process is as follows:

first of all, mark the walls, according to which the racks and rails will be located. It should be noted that the distance between the wall (vapor barrier in our case) and the rails that will be mounted on the ceiling and floor must be no less than the thickness of the heat insulator so that the insulation can fit inside the frame;
further, brackets are attached to the vapor barrier rails according to the markings, which will hold the racks. Multiple brackets should be used for each rack. For mounting the latter, self-tapping screws are usually used;
rack rails are then attached to the floor and ceiling. They should be located strictly opposite each other so that the racks stand vertically. Therefore, before performing their installation, you should make sure that the markup is accurate;
then the racks are inserted into the rails and fixed with brackets, as shown in the diagram above.

For cutting a metal profile, you can use special scissors for metal.

By the same principle, the installation of the frame from the bars is carried out. The only thing is that in this case guides are not used, so the racks are installed simply according to the markings.

The installation of the insulation is extremely simple - if the racks are located correctly, then the mineral wool plates are simply inserted between them, and their additional fixation is not required. The only thing to avoid cold bridges should be filled with insulation and the space between the wall and the racks.

To do this, you can cut the mineral wool into strips of the required size. You can cut the plates with an ordinary hacksaw for wood.

Mineral wool fibers getting on the skin and especially in the eyes cause severe irritation. Therefore, when working with it, use personal protective equipment.

If gaps form between the mineral wool plates, they must also be filled with insulation. In addition, it is necessary to ensure a tight fit of the mineral wool to the floor and ceiling. I note that these, at first glance, trifles should not be neglected, since the effectiveness of insulation largely depends on them.

After the insulation is laid, another layer of vapor barrier should be fixed to the frame. If the frame is wooden, then you can use a construction stapler to fix it.

If the frame is metal, the vapor barrier can be temporarily fixed with tape. Subsequently, the film will be fixed with sheathing material.

On forums, people are often interested in how to insulate a wall from the inside in a corner apartment? In fact, the technology is no different.

Frame sheathing

As a rule, the sheathing of the frame in the apartment is carried out with drywall. Therefore, in the end, I will briefly describe the technology of its installation and further finishing:

work must begin with cutting drywall into sheets right size. To do this, mark the sheets, then cut the cardboard on one side along the marked line with a mounting knife, then break the sheet, and then cut the cardboard on the other side;
prepared sheets should be attached to the frame with self-tapping screws, which should be located at a distance of 5-10 cm from each other. Self-tapping screws must be recessed;

then, at the joints of the sheets, you need to cut a chamfer 5 mm wide. If the end is rounded, the chamfer does not need to be cut;
then a special self-adhesive mesh is glued to the seams between the sheets;

further, the caps of the self-tapping screws and the joints between the sheets are smeared with gypsum putty;
after that, the entire surface of the walls is puttied. On our portal you can find detailed information on how to properly perform puttying;
then the surface is polished with a special grater, on which the mesh is put on:
after that, another layer of finishing putty is applied and final sanding is performed.

Sanding must be done in bright light. In this case, you will see all the flaws that need to be eliminated.

This completes the wall cladding and finishing process. Now you can paint it or, for example, stick wallpaper on it.

If lining is used as a lining or wooden panels, then they are simply attached to the frame with self-tapping screws. Accordingly, the skin takes much less time.

Here, in fact, is all the information on how to insulate the walls of an apartment from the inside with your own hands.

Conclusion

I told you how to insulate the walls inside with minimal negative consequences. Therefore, do not try to simplify the process and move away from the technology outlined above. Its observance will allow you to make the apartment really warm and cozy.

For more information, see the video in this article. If you encounter any difficulties in the process of warming or some points are not clear to you, ask questions in the comments, and I will be happy to answer you.

September 3, 2016

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