Tale of lithium
Once upon a time there was Lithium (Li). He was tired of sitting in one place, so he rolled around the wide world - to see the substances and show himself. Lithium rolls, rolls, and Hydrochloric acid (HCl) meets it:
- Lithium, I'll eat you!
“Don’t eat it, you’ll break your teeth on me, and you won’t succeed.”
He said this and moved on. Rolls and sings a song:
- I am Lithium-well done, I am alkaline daring!
And towards him Alkali.
- I will eat you! - says Lye.
- Yes, what are you? Don't you recognize yours? I left Acid, and where are you? - and
rolled on, only he was seen. Rolls and sings a song:
- I am Lithium-well done, I am alkaline daring! I left Alkali and I left Acid!
Rolls - Lithium rolls, and Salt meets it.
Lithium, Lithium, I'll eat you!
-Yes, where are you: you don’t interact with all simple metals, you wait for all the conditions that are suitable, and I am alkaline, not about you! - and Lithy rolled on, only they saw him. Rolls and sings a song:
- I am Lithium-well done, I am alkaline daring! I left Alkali and I left Acid! And I left Salt!
And here Oxygen stands on the path and says:
- Good song! Come closer, sing louder!
Only Lithium sang his song, and his Oxygen - am! - and ate!
And Lithium became lithium oxide.
Task: Write an equation chemical reaction, found in the text, equalize it using the electronic balance method, determine the oxidizing agent and reducing agent.
A CHEMICAL TALE ABOUT THE COURAGEOUS SULFURIC ANHYDRIDE (SO3), WHO RELEASES SULFURIC ACID (H2SO3) FROM CAPTURE.
In a certain kingdom, in a chemical state, in the 6th group of the periodic system of chemical elements, there lived the king Oxygen and the queen Sulfur. They lived together and carefree. It is difficult to name another ruler who could be compared in strength and grandeur with the most venerable Oxygen. Queen Sera was also especially noble and pious. Since ancient times, its ancestors existed in the form of sulfur compounds. Sulfur was mentioned even in the Bible and in Homer's poems. Oxygen and Sulfur lived - they did not grieve, they raised their beloved children, they did not look for souls in their sons.
The youngest, Sulfuric Anhydride (SO3), was a kind and sweet young man, involved in the production of organic products. The eldest son, Sulfurous Anhydride (SO2), was the direct opposite of his brother, even being friends with the robbers, with volcanic gases. Selfish and evil, he secretly thought of taking over his father's kingdom, and then the whole world wanted to bow before his knee. Sulfur dioxide was very toxic, entering living organisms through the respiratory tract, causing such dangerous symptoms, like cough, runny nose, watery eyes, sometimes it came to a chemical burn - bad jokes with Sulfurous Anhydride.
The time has come for King Oxygen to look for faithful wives for his sons, and he sent messengers to the kingdom of Hydrogen in order to woo his grand-nieces - sisters Sulfuric and Sulfuric Acid.
And then a misfortune happened in the Hydrogen kingdom - he kidnapped the beautiful princess Sulphurous Acid, famous for her unearthly beauty and meek disposition, evil and insidious Hydrogen Sulfide. He stole the girl and made her a prisoner - the adversary threatened that the poor thing would not see the white light until she created an explosive alliance with him.
Then King Hydrogen, dejected with grief, issued the following decree: "Whoever saves the beautiful Sulphurous Acid, he will take her as his wife and, in addition, received half the kingdom."
Early in the morning, our princes gathered at the porch and decided to go together to save the princess. The king blessed them for a long journey, and the princes set off on a difficult journey.
Soon the fairy tale tells, but not soon the deed is done. On the way, the princes had a dense forest, in which the robbers gathered volcanic gases. And Sulfurous Anhydride planned to kill his brother, who was in love with the beautiful Sulfurous Acid - he himself really liked this girl, his heart did not lie to Sulfuric Acid, as proud and narcissistic as he himself.
Having gone to spend the night in an empty hut on chicken legs, the brothers fell asleep. Sulfurous Anhydride decided to abandon his younger brother and, in addition, set volcanic gases on him - he would not escape death ...
As soon as he thought about it, Baba Yaga, the most famous witch and soothsayer from the society of alchemists, entered the hut. She guessed the mercenary thought and ordered to wake her younger brother. Baba Yaga says: “To that of you I will give a magical-chemical key, to whom the princess can be rescued, which of you is more worthy of her - whoever has a critical temperature is higher, that will be the husband of Sulfuric Acid.”
No matter how hard Sulfurous Anhydride tried, nothing came of it: 157.3 0 C against the fraternal 218.30 C. Baba Yaga gave the key to Sulfuric Anhydride. The good fellow destroyed the witchcraft spell, freed the beautiful princess Sulphurous Acid from captivity and received the Hydrogen half of the kingdom. Happy parents played a wedding for joy, and the young Sulfuric Anhydride and Sulfuric Acid lived together and happily.
Source: http://www.proza.ru/2010/08/09/855
Chemical tale-mystery
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a princess. We will not name her yet; just princess N.
Her entire palace was built of the purest crystal. Fountains and fountains beat in its halls, and beautiful golden letters “H2O” were written on the bedroom door of the beautiful princess, and a funny face in the form of an elongated drop was drawn a little lower.
The princess was an unusual girl. There were rumors about her among the people that she was very wise, beautiful, agile, well-spoken and fast. And many suitors came to woo her, but no one has yet managed to solve the wise riddles of the princess. And the riddles were always the same. “If you recognize me in my three guises, if you guess my name, I will marry you,” she said to the next groom. The groom had to visit three beautiful halls, carefully examine everything in them and say where the princess hid in them and in what guise.
The first hall was large and spacious. There was a fountain in the center of the room, and a fresh rose in a crystal vase stood on a table in the corner.
The second hall was mirrored, with an icy ceiling, in one of the corners of which hung an icicle. In the center of the hall stood a golden cage with a beautiful firebird.
The third room was simply a royal bath, opening the door to which you could suffocate from the hot steam. The large stove struck with the beauty of the tiles, which made up a pattern with a beautiful swan.
The grooms' answers were: "Your name is Rose, you are that beautiful flower, then you turned into a firebird, and in the end you are the image of a swan on the tiles."
"No, no and NO!" answered the princess.
So until now, grooms are guessing. Did you guess?
Tom Lehrer - Song of the Elements
There is a place for Arsenic, Antimony, Selenium, Aluminum
And Hydrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Rhenium,
And neodymium, nickel, neptunium, germany,
Iron, Americium, Ruthenium, Urania
Europium, Zirconium, Lutetium, Vanadium,
Lantan with Osmium, Astatu with Radium,
Gold, Protactinium and India and Gaul,
And Yoda along with Thorium, and Thule and Thallia.
And Yttria, Ytterbium, Actinium, Rubidium,
And Bor, Gadolinium, Niobium, Iridium,
And Strontium and Silicon, Silver and Samaria,
And Bismuth and Brom, Lithium, Beryllium and Barium.
And Holmium, and Helium, and Hafnium, and Erbium,
And Phosphorus, and France, and Fluorus, together with Terbium,
And Mercury with Molybdenum, also Manganese, and Magnesium,
Dysprosium, and Cerium, and Cesium, and Scandium.
Lead, Praseodymium, and Platinum, Plutonium,
Palladium, Promethium and Potassium, Polonium,
And Tantalum, and Tellurium, Technetium and Cadmium,
Titanium, Chromium, Curium and certainly Calcium
And Sere, California, and Fermia, and Berkeley,
And also Mendelevium, Einsteinium, Nobelium,
Argon, Krypton, Neon, Radon, Xenon, Zinc, Copper, Chlorine, Rhodium,
Nitrogen, Tungsten and Sodium, Cobalt, Tin are like.
This was reported to me by Harvard students.
But there are other undiscovered elements.
Ballad about chemical elements (or how to memorize the table of D.I. Mendeleev)
The first one is hydrogen.
All the people know this.
Helium, Lithium and Beryllium,
Boron followed by Carbon
There is nitrogen, and behind nitrogen
Divalent Oxygen.
Fluorine with Neon, Sodium, Magnesium,
Aluminum, Silicon here.
Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine with Argon,
Potassium and Calcium go.
Scandium, followed by Titanium, Vanadium.
Chrome and Manganese, and there
It is necessary to insert iron,
Well, Cobalt on the heels.
Nickel with Copper,
Zinc and Gallium
And Germanium is close.
Well, guess what -
The killer arsenic itself.
Place here Selena with Brom.
Krypton joined them.
Following Rubidium, unfamiliar -
Strontium, Yttrium climbed into the house.
And zirconium and niobium
Overtaken by Molybdenum.
And behind him - Technetium like,
And Ruthenia - "good"
Beyond Ruthenium and Rhodium
There Palladium, Silver.
Cadmium, Indium right there
Place. go crazy
Because cesium, barium
We stood up together, and Lantan,
With Cerium would stand in a pair.
But the second one is not there.
It is on a separate line.
Leading a new row.
Praseodymium and Neodymium
And Promethium is in it.
There Samaria and Europium,
Gadolinium, Terbium, too,
And some kind of Dysprosius
Ytterbium was followed by a scoundrel.
Their thirteen climbed into the hive
And Lutetius, finally.
But the place remains
Where the last was Lanthanum.
Next to Hafnium, Tantalum,
Wolfram himself was located.
And behind them - Rhenium, Osmium
Gold and Mercury are coming.
And behind mercury is thallium. Near
located and lead.
We are glad to see Bismuth.
And Polonius, finally.
Here is Astatine with proud Radon.
Francium and Radium together.
And Actin. Rutherford.
Let's start a new row.
Let's drive Thorium between them,
Protactinium and Uranus.
There - Neptunium and Plutonium,
Well, the honor of names and countries.
Americium, Curium, Berkelium,
California at last.
Here is Einstein with the highest measure.
And finally, Fermi.
Mendeleev darling
Nobelius is glad to stand with him.
And the end is inexorable
Lawrence took up a row.
Back to Rutherford
Now we must again.
There are already crumpled in the hallway
Dubnium (named after Dubna!)
Joined Seaborgium
Bory, Khassy - newcomers.
There Meitnerius, Un-un-zeros.
Now take off your glasses.
And decide to confess to yourself:
That "one hundred and ten" is not the end.
Found the number "one hundred and sixteen"
But it seems to us that the "creator"
Didn't finish them table
The door is wide open.
To make sure of this
Believe this formula:
Nn = Σ n [ 1+(-1)] exp (n-1)
En(n) is just a row number here
EN (Nn) - all atoms in a row.
Just think here
What's wrong with scientists.
The extra row gets up at the beginning
(Russian - Neviy live in it).
Everyone didn't notice him.
What can we do here?
Do not shout: for God's sake
We need to look for them in the Sun.
Maybe also "Collider"
Can give confirmation.
I do not intend to argue here.
Time will resolve disputes.
But now at least
I raised the topic.
RULES OF CONDUCT IN THE LABORATORY
1. If you need a reagent or some kind of equipment, first ask a colleague. In case of refusal, call him an ass and look for what you are looking for.
2. If your colleague needs a reagent or equipment and he asks you for them, answer "No", "Yes, but not enough", in short, excuse yourself as you like, but convince him that these three liter cans on your table is not the THF he is looking for, but technical acetone, and a specially trained Wurtz nozzle is just a perversion of your glassblower.
3. Never turn down an opportunity to wash the bones of an absent colleague. Know that you, too, have undergone this procedure, and more than once.
4. No matter what you do, there is always something on your table to boil, react or distill. You can pour at least tea into the flask, but be ready to explain to the boss what kind of reaction it is, what reagents you used and why reaction mixture this color.
5. Sit less at the computer, even if you are not just downloading porn from Net, but are looking for literature or viewing spectra. Regardless of what you do, the person at the computer is always perceived as a slacker who has drifted away from work.
6. You can wander around the institute all day long, but whenever the boss throws his worried and patronizing glance at you, you should have a flask or funnel in your hands, showing that you are busy with business.
7. Be on time for your paycheck.
8. Entering the LVZH, look at the shelves of your colleagues - if something new has appeared there. Something that hasn't been hidden yet.
9. Hide the scarce glass away and forget about it. This is the only guarantee that it will not go from hand to hand and will not get lost in the noisy institute corridors.
10. Come to work 10 minutes before the boss. Fortunately, he only appears after lunch.
Memos for schoolchildren
Double exchange reactions go to completion:,
If gas is released -
And you get water
Also, insoluble
The product settles...
"There is sediment" - we say.
This is the third important point.
Chemist exchange rules
Will never forget:
As a result, certainly
Will there be gas or water
A precipitate will fall
Then - order!
Let's study the nomenclature of inorganic substances
Here are the anions of oxygen acids of chlorine:
ClO4-- - perchlorate anion
ClO3-- - chlorate anion
ClO2-- - chlorite anion
ClO-- - hypochlorite anion
There is only one chlorine in chloride.
But he is his own master.
and negative charge
You don't have to share with your brothers.
Perchlorate with chlorate brother
And chlorite with hypochlorite
They openly declare to everyone:
"We are modest and poor,
Our chlorine is the central atom,
But we are reputed to be warriors
And we'll oxidize everyone!"
And here are the anions of acids containing sulfur:
S2-- - sulfide anion
HS-- - hydrosulfide anion
SO32-- - sulfite anion
HSO3-- - hydrosulfite anion
SO42-- - sulfate anion
HSO4-- - hydrosulfate anion
Do not confuse sulfite with sulfide,
So that there is no room for resentment:
Sulfides - hydrogen sulfide
Relatives. And there is no oxygen in them!
Here's the sulfite. Quick look:
There are three oxygens in it!
Let's add an oxygen atom -
Stanislav Sklyarov)
In red blood salt
It's all right, no cheating.
Memory verses
PRO HALOGENS
Chlorine boasted: "I have no equal!
I am the most important halogen.
I do not like to talk in vain:
I'll bleach everything in the world!"
Iodine was proud of his beauty,
It was solid, but evaporated.
Purple like the night
Far gone away.
Bromine spilled into the ocean,
Though fetid, but - ruddy.
He beat himself menacingly in the chest:
"I'm bromine! Not anyone! .."
Fluor was silent and thought: "Eh! ..
After all, I will come - I will oxidize everyone ... "
PRO CHALCOGENES - ELEMENTS OF THE VIA-group
Chalcogens are often together,
And about any of them we will not ask -
Everyone lives in the sixth entrance
"Mendeleev House".
We have known them for a long time.
"I'm a tenant of apartment eight.
I can light up a bet
A match, a stove and a fire.
Who gives you all to breathe -
Atmospheric oxygen!
Who is number sixteen?
"I'm ready to confess to you:
I see myself on the throne
In an eight-atom crown.
I don't float in the atmosphere
It's hard for me, gray!"
Red or gray
Light is ready to catch selenium.
(Unusual item!)
And tellurium arose from the darkness,
This is a semiconductor.
And everyone has manners -
Just like sulfur.
PRO ELEMENTS IVA-Group
Five of us. We are a special kind.
We are elements of the fourth group.
Our team is amazingly friendly.
Each of us is very important and needed.
Element number six
There are a lot of advantages.
"I'm just like a brother to people.
Many thousands of years ago
I've already been on fire
Illuminating the interior
Primitive their caves.
And I was glad to decorate
Ladies and knights attire,
What shone at the court ...
If I decide to be soft, -
I write in a notebook.
Such, friends, is nature.
The element carbon!"
Neighbor carbon used to work
You won't find a replacement for him anywhere.
If this element was missing,
Where would we get brick and cement,
How would the window be glazed, and where
Share would quartz, and porcelain, and mica?
Sandy beaches, underground strata -
Where would all this be without silicon?
"Let's go to the front row!
I'm number fifty.
I'm ancient, but I look young.
I am in bronze, like gold.
But I'm not rushed. I love helping everyone.
And I can solder a hole in the pan,
Foil, even a jar, I'm ready to appear.
And only from the cold I lose my head.
Well, guess what? They call me tin."
Just raised his head
Number eighty two:
Every student knows
I am metal. Let me be an old man
But I take everything with courage,
I don't sit idle.
I'm drawing. Where is the paper?
I shoot a gun.
sewer pipe,
Radiation screen,
Diver's Ballast -
My merits have no end;
This is my natural style:
I give current to the car ...
Well guess what, finally
Who am I? My name is pig."
"And I'm the youngest here,
And not a gray beard,
And the fact that the semiconductor
I'm used to being remarkable.
I was opened in Germany
They call me Germany."
Kostrikova D., Shitikova M., Konobeeva I.
In chemistry lessons, children learn to think diversified. They are trying to write poems and compose fairy tales about such a science as chemistry!
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Preview:
Kostrikova D.
9 "B" class
Story
A long time ago the chemical elements lived. They had no order, they were constantly arguing. Either they argued how many electrons each should have, or they could not decide where they should live. And so it went on from century to century, until 1869 came. That year they turned to a wise and just man - D.I. Mendeleev. He could not help the elements, and agreed to reign over them. He ordered them to build a city, and mark 8 streets in it. All relatives had to live on the same street, and everyone had to have an amount of electrons that was equal to the number of their house.
The elements began to live together, communicate with each other, form connections. And then one day Sulfuric Acid (H 2 SO 4 ). Her parents are Sulfur (S) and Oxygen (O 2 ) never released Acid outside their home. But she was growing up, she really wanted to see what was happening there, on the streets of the city. And then one day Acid ran away from home. But already on First Street she met her grandfather - Hydrogen (H 2 ), and he immediately took her home. She burst into tears and began to ask why she was not allowed to grow up with the rest of her peers. Then H 2 explained to her that her properties are too strong and she dissolves almost anyone she meets on the way.
But Acid did not believe this, and the next day she again fled to the city. This time, Magnesium (Mg) met on her way. Light, silvery - he immediately attracted her attention. She watched Magnesium for a long time, saw how it releases energy and heat, connecting with other elements. H 2 SO 4 she wanted to go up to him, but suddenly she remembered her grandfather's words. Although she did not believe them, doubts crept into her heart.
Every day she continued to watch Mg, and soon realized that she had fallen in love. Magnesium also saw Acid from afar, and he always liked her. But he could not even imagine that such a complex compound as she could love him - a simple metal.
The day came when 2 SO 4 plucked up the courage to make an appointment with Mg. They were supposed to meet near his house at 12 Second Street. And so, it happened. But before Acid had time to explain anything plainly, Magnesium began to dissolve, and then she herself. Now she believed her grandfather, but it was too late. AND H 2 SO 4 , and Mg disappeared, leaving behind only salt and hydrogen.
Shitikova M.
9 "A" class
The Extraordinary Adventures of Sodium and Lithium
Once upon a time there was Sodium - a friendly and carefree metal. He lived well, but Sodium wanted to travel. And he called his friend Litius - smart and generous metal. We thought, discussed and decided to go on a trip. We collected all our electrons and moved forward.
Friends walked for a long time, but they did not meet anything good and interesting on their way. And so they decided to stop and rest on a halt. Suddenly, in the distance, Litiy noticed someone. The friends decided to come up and see and saw that little Potassium was crying. Sodium and Lithium asked him what happened. It turns out that poor Kalii got lost in an unfamiliar place and cannot find his way home. Friends promised to help him. The next morning, Lithium, Sodium and Potassium set off. On the way, Kalij told a lot of interesting things about his house. He said that his friends Rubidium and Cesium, Hydrogen and Chlorine and many other inhabitants of the huge house of chemical elements live there. Lithium and Sodium did not believe little Potassium. The next day, when they reached the right place, they saw a huge house with a large number of inhabitants in it. Having got acquainted with everyone and learned a lot of new things, Sodium and Lithium decided to stay in this house.
After some time, Natrium married the beautiful Chlorine, and salt was born to them. We decided to call it Sodium Chloride. Lithium also found a lot of friends.
And now the best friends Lithium and Sodium live in a wonderful house of chemical elements.
Konobeeva I.
9 "A" class
Magnesium
Look at the table again
Find a neighbor of sodium.
Tell about magnesium at the moment:
"He's a divalent element!"
Compare with alkali metal,
These substances are different.
Weaker metallicity has become,
But the valency has increased.
Do not look for free magnesium
Metal is not found in grief,
It is contained in magnesite,
And magnesite is in the earth's crust.
Take magnesium in the form of a tape,
It shines and shines
And wait, so instantly
It will flare up brightly and burn.
This metal is quite active,
Bright, light and sporty
CHEMICAL TALES
Tale of two-faced Aluminum
Once upon a time there lived a cunning insolent named Aluminum. His possessions were located between two powerful kingdoms. One kingdom was ruled by the young cheerful king Natrium. Everything in his kingdom was blue: clear blue skies, deep transparent blue lakes and rivers, blue flowers fragrant in the blue fields. And lived in the kingdom blue-eyed cheerful and good people. It was easy, free, joyful to work and live in the kingdom. And this caused great envy among the ruler of another kingdom - Sera. She turned yellow with envy and malice, sometimes even began to melt from the internal heat or burn with a purple flame. Finally, her patience snapped after one magnificent celebration arranged by Natrium in honor of the birth of her son, and Sera declared war on Natrium.
Sodium, never wishing harm to anyone, soft as wax by nature, even if you cut it with a knife, was not ready for war. He turned to Aluminum: "Help, because you and I are from the same family - metals." Aluminum agreed, but decided to arrange for both troops to kill each other and he would take possession of both kingdoms.
And the fight broke out (demonstration of the neutralization reaction). The troops of Natrium and Sulfur fought sparing no effort, releasing a huge amount of heat. And Aluminum with his army kept trying to find a convenient position: if Natrium's army won, he strove to be in its midst, if Sera's army won, he switched over to his side. Finally, both Sodium and Sulfur understood the cunning and duality of Aluminum's designs. Both sent the most strong warriors with the order to destroy the villain and traitor.
Aluminum saw that two horsemen were rapidly approaching him from two sides. Soon, two spears pierced his limp body with force.
A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it,
Elements of all a lesson.
If you are metal - do not be shy
Rush into battle with acids.
May you die in battle
Glory I sing to you!
Being dangerously amphoteric
It is better to be faithful to the family,
Not like Aluminum
You will perish ingloriously in battle.
Tale of beautiful love
Prince Argentum to Chloris
The great autocrat Tsar Silver had an only son, the silver-haired Prince Argentum. The young man traveled a lot, and now it is time for him to get married.
From childhood, he was engaged to the wayward, arrogant, evil in character, caustic Nitrina. Many metals have paid with their lives for trying to argue with her.
Argentum didn't like Nitrina. When he had to be alone with her, he immediately found an excuse to get rid of her somehow, suddenly remembering that he had a very urgent matter. (silver nitrate is soluble in water, completely dissociates into ions).
And then one day, at a cheerful noisy ball, Argentum saw Chloris. She was so light, tender, half-air, she danced so rapturously and gracefully that Argentum immediately fell in love with her. (hydrochloric acid - a solution of hydrogen chloride, a transparent, volatile liquid). Argentum begged his friend Kalius to introduce him to a beautiful stranger. Potassium agreed to introduce them during the dance. Waltz announced. Nitrina clung to Argentum's arm, he was forced to go with her in a pair. Potassium invited Chloride. And then the long-awaited words were heard: "Ladies change gentlemen." Chlorida's delicate, fragile hand rested on Argentum's. He felt an extraordinary excitement - after all, a very strong ionic bond arose between them. Argentum embraced his beloved and never parted from her again.
Chemical fairy tale "Sodium Chloride"
In a certain kingdom in a certain state, there lived two families. One family was called “ alkali metals", and the other -" Halogens". These families were not friends and even, one might say, fought. Why that dispute began, no one will remember, it is only true that one family condemned the other according to the way of life.
In that kingdom, there was a strict decree of the King: “Everyone can have so much wealth, i.e. electrons, what is its house number. But about how to dispose of legitimate good, the decree did not say anything. Therefore, alkali metals (because of their generosity) donated electrons (some 1, some 2) and were called reducing agents, and the Halogens were stingy and aggressive, there were even cases when they attacked those who were weaker and robbed them. That's why they called them oxidizing agents robbers.
This story happened on Periodic Third Street when Na (Sodium) and CI (Chlorine) met. They liked each other very much. But they belonged to warring families, so they decided to meet secretly.
Sodium lived at number 11 and dreamed of donating his electron to Chlorina. He was a worthy groom: silver-white, with a shine, soft and very vulnerable in character, fusible and light, But their families learned about friendship. Na was locked in a safe, in a jar under kerosene, and Cl was soldered into a vessel and “POISON!” was stuck on. She became melancholy, became yellow-green in color.
Alkali metals and Halogens thought thereby to cure them of falling in love, but the lovers were getting worse. Sodium melted and lost its luster, and Chlorine turned into a liquid under pressure, and this
normal temperature. The relatives had no choice but to meet on the amphoteric territory (the line from Bor to Astat) and start negotiations.
They forgot old grievances and decided: to be a wedding. Sodium donated its electron to Chlorine and became a cation, while Chlorine took its electron and became an anion. The connection between them began to be called ionic, and people called the union between Sodium and Chlorine table salt. They began to do a lot of useful things together: this is how they create in the blood the necessary conditions for the existence of red blood cells (erythrocytes), and even in the name of many cities and towns different countries the word salt is present: Solikamsk, Sol-Iletsk, Usolye, Usolye-Sibirskoe, Salt Lake City, Saltville, Salzburg, Marseille ( sea salt).
Task: Write an equation for the chemical reaction of the formation of sodium chloride, Equate it using the electronic balance method.
Tale of lithium
once upon a time Lithium(Li). He was tired of sitting in one place, so he rolled around the wide world - to see the substances and show himself. Rolling - rolling Lithium, and towards him Hydrochloric acid (HCl):
Lithium, I'll eat you!
If you don't eat, you'll break your teeth on me, and you won't succeed.
I am Lithium-well done, I am alkaline daring!
And towards him Alkali.
I will eat you! - says Lye.
What are you? Don't you recognize yours? I left Acid, and where are you? - and
I am Lithium-well done, I am alkaline daring! I left Alkali and I left Acid!
Rolling - rolling Lithium, and towards him Salt.
Lithium, Lithium, I'll eat you!
But where are you: you don’t interact with all simple metals, you wait for all the conditions that are suitable, and I am alkaline, not about you! - and Lithy rolled on, only they saw him. Rolls and sings a song:
I am Lithium-well done, I am alkaline daring! I left Alkali and I left Acid! And I left Salt!
And here Oxygen stands on the path and says:
Good song! Come closer, sing louder!
Only Lithium sang his song, and his Oxygen - am! - and ate!
And Lithium became lithium oxide.
Task: Write an equation for a chemical reaction found in the text, balance it using the electronic balance method, determine the oxidizing agent and reducing agent.
Tale of two-faced Aluminum
Once upon a time there lived a cunning insolent named Aluminum. His possessions were located between two powerful kingdoms. One kingdom was ruled by the young cheerful king Natrium. Everything in his kingdom was blue: clear blue skies, deep transparent blue lakes and rivers, blue flowers fragrant in the blue fields. And blue-eyed cheerful and kind people lived in the kingdom. It was easy, free, joyful to work and live in the kingdom. And this caused great envy among the ruler of another kingdom - Sera. She turned yellow with envy and malice, sometimes even began to melt from the internal heat or burn with a purple flame. Finally, her patience snapped after one magnificent celebration arranged by Natrium in honor of the birth of her son, and Sera declared war on Natrium.
Sodium, never wishing harm to anyone, soft as wax by nature, even if you cut it with a knife, was not ready for war. He turned to Aluminum: "Help, because you and I are from the same family - metals." Aluminum agreed, but decided to arrange for both troops to kill each other and he would take possession of both kingdoms.
And the battle broke out (demonstration of the neutralization reaction). The troops of Natrium and Sulfur fought sparing no effort, releasing a huge amount of heat. And Aluminum with his army kept trying to find a convenient position: if Natrium's army won, he strove to be in its midst, if Sera's army won, he switched over to his side. Finally, both Sodium and Sulfur understood the cunning and duality of Aluminum's designs. Both sent the strongest warriors with the order to destroy the scoundrel and traitor.
Aluminum saw that two horsemen were rapidly approaching him from two sides. Soon, two spears pierced his limp body with force.
A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it,
Elements of all a lesson.
If you are metal - do not be shy
Rush into battle with acids.
May you die in battle
Glory I sing to you!
Being dangerously amphoteric
It is better to be faithful to the family,
Not like Aluminum
You will perish ingloriously in battle.
The tale of the beautiful love of Prince Argentum for Chloris
The great autocrat Tsar Silver had an only son, the silver-haired Prince Argentum. The young man traveled a lot, and now it is time for him to get married.
From childhood, he was engaged to the wayward, arrogant, evil in character, caustic Nitrina. Many metals have paid with their lives for trying to argue with her.
Argentum didn't like Nitrina. When he had to stay alone with her, he immediately found an excuse to somehow get rid of her, suddenly remembering that he had a very urgent matter (silver nitrate is soluble in water, completely dissociates into ions).
And then one day, at a cheerful noisy ball, Argentum saw Chloris. She was so light, gentle, semi-airy, she danced so rapturously and gracefully that Argentum immediately fell in love with her (hydrochloric acid is a solution of hydrogen chloride, a transparent, volatile liquid). Argentum begged his friend Kalius to introduce him to a beautiful stranger. Potassium agreed to introduce them during the dance. Waltz announced. Nitrina clung to Argentum's arm, he was forced to go with her in a pair. Potassium invited Chloride. And then the long-awaited words were heard: "Ladies change gentlemen." Chlorida's delicate, fragile hand rested on Argentum's. He felt an extraordinary excitement - after all, a very strong ionic bond arose between them. Argentum embraced his beloved and never parted from her again.
Akkelias Zele
A CHEMICAL TALE ABOUT THE COURAGEOUS SULFURIC ANHYDRIDE (SO3), WHO RELEASES SULFURIC ACID (H2SO3) FROM CAPTURE.
In a certain kingdom, in a chemical state, in the 6th group of the periodic system of chemical elements, there lived the king Oxygen and the queen Sulfur. They lived together and carefree. It is difficult to name another ruler who could be compared in strength and grandeur with the most venerable Oxygen. Queen Sera was also especially noble and pious. Since ancient times, its ancestors existed in the form of sulfur compounds. Sulfur was mentioned even in the Bible and in Homer's poems. Oxygen and Sulfur lived - they did not grieve, they raised their beloved children, they did not look for souls in their sons.
The youngest, Sulfuric Anhydride (SO3), was a kind and sweet young man, involved in the production of organic products. The eldest son, Sulfurous Anhydride (SO2), was the direct opposite of his brother, even being friends with the robbers, with volcanic gases. Selfish and evil, he secretly thought of taking over his father's kingdom, and then the whole world wanted to bow before his knee. Sulfur dioxide was very toxic, entering living organisms through the respiratory tract, causing such dangerous symptoms as coughing, runny nose, lacrimation, sometimes it came to a chemical burn - bad jokes with sulfur dioxide.
The time has come for King Oxygen to look for faithful wives for his sons, and he sent messengers to the kingdom of Hydrogen in order to woo his grand-nieces - sisters Sulfuric and Sulfuric Acid.
And then a misfortune happened in the Hydrogen kingdom - he kidnapped the beautiful princess Sulphurous Acid, famous for her unearthly beauty and meek disposition, evil and insidious Hydrogen Sulfide. He stole the girl and made her a prisoner - the adversary threatened that the poor thing would not see the white light until she created an explosive alliance with him.
Then King Hydrogen, dejected with grief, issued the following decree: "Whoever saves the beautiful Sulphurous Acid, he will take her as his wife and, in addition, received half the kingdom."
Early in the morning, our princes gathered at the porch and decided to go together to save the princess. The king blessed them for a long journey, and the princes set off on a difficult journey.
Soon the fairy tale tells, but not soon the deed is done. On the way, the princes had a dense forest, in which the robbers gathered volcanic gases. And Sulfurous Anhydride planned to kill his brother, who was in love with the beautiful Sulfurous Acid - he himself really liked this girl, his heart did not lie to Sulfuric Acid, as proud and narcissistic as he himself.
Having gone to spend the night in an empty hut on chicken legs, the brothers fell asleep. Sulfurous Anhydride decided to abandon his younger brother and, in addition, set volcanic gases on him - he would not escape death ...
As soon as he thought about it, Baba Yaga, the most famous witch and soothsayer from the society of alchemists, entered the hut. She guessed the mercenary thought and ordered to wake her younger brother. Baba Yaga says: “To that of you I will give a magical-chemical key, to whom the princess can be rescued, which of you is more worthy of her - whoever has a critical temperature is higher, that will be the husband of Sulfuric Acid.”
No matter how hard Sulfurous Anhydride tried, nothing came of it: 157.3 0 C against the fraternal 218.30 C. Baba Yaga gave the key to Sulfuric Anhydride. The good fellow destroyed the witchcraft spell, freed the beautiful princess Sulphurous Acid from captivity and received the Hydrogen half of the kingdom. Happy parents played a wedding for joy, and the young Sulfuric Anhydride and Sulfuric Acid lived together and happily.
Chemical Tales
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………......3
A TALE ABOUT THE KIND AND WORLD-KNOWN KING OF OXYGEN..5
CHEMICAL TALE “SODIUM CHLORIDE”……………………………………..6
THE TALE OF THE TWO-FACED ALUMINUM…………………………………………..8
THE TALE OF THE BEAUTIFUL LOVE OF PRINCE ARGENTUM TO CHLORIDE..10
TALE ABOUT THE HISTORY OF HAPPENING IN LABORATORIES...…………...11
CHEMICAL MYSTERIES “WHO AM I?”………………………………………………..13
REFERENCES………………………………………………………………15
INTRODUCTION
This manual is addressed to teachers who strive to make the lesson interesting and exciting for students and who use in their work to enhance cognitive activity not only demonstrative entertaining chemical experiments, but also certain literary techniques, namely fairy tales, essays, riddles.
In chemistry lessons, fairy tales can be used, which are first read out ready-made, and then the teacher invites children to compose fairy tales on a specific topic. All this increases the level of cognitive activity of students and at the same time develops creative abilities.
Objective: development of motivational activity of students and their independent style of thinking, as well as cognitive interest in gaining knowledge, the formation of interest in the subject of chemistry through the use of fairy tales, as component in activation of cognitive activity of students in the classroom.
Tasks:
1. Increasing motivation for learning and cognitive activity of students.
2. Development of imagination, increased interest in learning, mobilization of attention.
3. Formation of skills of self-organization, perception and analysis of information. Chemistry as a school discipline contributes to the formation of a materialistic worldview of students. She is one of the main natural sciences. Chemistry expands students' knowledge of the world around them, explaining many patterns of natural processes in nature.
4. Professional self-determination of students, orientation to the student's conscious choice of a further type of activity, namely the subject - chemistry.
This manual contains fairy tales, riddles and poems written by children, which the teacher can use in the classroom and in extracurricular activities.
As creative task students compose fairy tales and riddles about a particular chemical element, simple or complex substance based on theoretical material. Performing a variety of tasks, students are actively involved in the learning process. They acquire the ability to think independently, to establish relationships between the concepts being studied. The use of fairy tales in a chemistry lesson provides a new quality of knowledge, forms the effectiveness of mental work, allows you to reveal the natural essence of objects and phenomena using artistic images, forms positive personality. I would like to note that this form of extracurricular work helps students to better perceive and assimilate educational material, and also helps to expand the horizons of students, allows them to develop their creative abilities, imagination.
A fairy tale about the kind and world-famous Tsar Oxygen.
Far, far away, in a fairy-tale kingdom, a strange story happened. A fair king named Oxygen ruled in this kingdom.
It is very common: in the earth's crust - 49.13%. In the air - 21%, in sea water - 25% and in the human body - 62%.
But, oddly enough, he had no taste, no smell, no color. It was called O2 because it was diatomic.
Oxygen had many enemies. One of them is carbon dioxide, nicknamed CO2.
One day a strong hurricane hit the kingdom of Oxygen. All living beings began to suffocate and die. But the majestic Oxygen rushed to the aid of everyone. He began to blow into huge pipes and the air began to fill with oxygen. The inhabitants of the kingdom could breathe: they inhaled oxygen and exhaled carbon dioxide, which was picked up by the strong wind of the hurricane and carried away.
So King Oxygen saved his kingdom from disaster. Since then people all over the world have been aware of the role of Oxygen on Earth.
Chemical fairy tale "Sodium Chloride"
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there were two families. One family was called "Alkali Metals" and the other "Halogens". These families were not friends and even, one might say, fought. Why that dispute began, no one will remember, it is only true that one family condemned the other according to the way of life.
In that kingdom, there was a strict decree of the King: “Everyone can have so much wealth, i.e. electrons, what is its house number. But about how to dispose of legitimate good, the decree did not say anything. Therefore, alkali metals (due to their generosity) gave away electrons (some 1, some 2) and were called reducing agents, and Halogens were stingy and aggressive, there were even cases when they attacked those who were weaker and robbed them. Therefore, they were called oxidizer-robbers.
This story happened on Periodic Third Street when Na (Sodium) and CI (Chlorine) met. They liked each other very much. But they belonged to warring families, so they decided to meet secretly.
Sodium lived at number 11 and dreamed of donating his electron to Chlorina. He was a worthy groom: silver-white, with a shine, soft and very vulnerable in character, fusible and light, But their families learned about friendship. Na was locked in a safe in a jar under kerosene, and Cl was soldered into a vessel and labeled "POISON!". She became melancholy, became yellow-green in color.
Alkali metals and Halogens thought thereby to cure them of falling in love, but the lovers were getting worse. Sodium melted and lost its luster, and Chlorine turned into a liquid under pressure, and this
normal temperature. The relatives had no choice but to meet on the amphoteric territory (the line from Bor to Astat) and start negotiations.
They forgot old grievances and decided: to be a wedding. Sodium donated its electron to Chlorine and became a cation, while Chlorine took its electron and became an anion. The connection between them began to be called ionic, and people called the union between Sodium and Chlorine table salt. They began to do a lot of useful things together: in this way they create the necessary conditions for the existence of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the blood, and even in the names of many cities and towns in different countries there is the word salt: Solikamsk, Sol-Iletsk, Usolye, Usolye-Sibirskoye, Salt- Lake City, Saltville, Salzburg, Marseille (sea salt).
Task: Write an equation for the chemical reaction of the formation of sodium chloride. Equalize it using the electronic balance method.
Tale of two-faced Aluminum
Once upon a time there lived a cunning insolent named Aluminum. His possessions were located between two powerful kingdoms. One kingdom was ruled by the young cheerful king Natrium. Everything in his kingdom was blue: clear blue skies, deep transparent blue lakes and rivers, blue flowers fragrant in the blue fields. And blue-eyed cheerful and kind people lived in the kingdom. It was easy, free, joyful to work and live in the kingdom. And this caused great envy among the ruler of another kingdom - Sera. She turned yellow with envy and malice, sometimes even began to melt from the internal heat or burn with a purple flame. Finally, her patience snapped after one magnificent celebration arranged by Natrium in honor of the birth of her son, and Sera declared war on Natrium.
Sodium, never wishing harm to anyone, soft as wax by nature, even if you cut it with a knife, was not ready for war. He turned to Aluminum: "Help, because you and I are from the same family - metals." Aluminum agreed, but decided to arrange for both troops to kill each other and he would take possession of both kingdoms.
And the battle broke out (demonstration of the neutralization reaction). The troops of Natrium and Sulfur fought sparing no effort, releasing a huge amount of heat. And Aluminum with his army kept trying to find a convenient position: if Natrium's army won, he strove to be in its midst, if Sera's army won, he switched over to his side. Finally, both Sodium and Sulfur understood the cunning and duality of Aluminum's designs. Both sent the strongest warriors with the order to destroy the scoundrel and traitor.
Aluminum saw that two horsemen were rapidly approaching him from two sides. Soon, two spears pierced his limp body with force.
A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it,
Elements of all a lesson.
If you are metal - do not be shy
Rush into battle with acids.
May you die in battle
Glory I sing to you!
Being dangerously amphoteric
It is better to be faithful to the family,
Not like Aluminum
You will perish ingloriously in battle.
The tale of the beautiful love of Prince Argentum for Chloris
The great autocrat Tsar Silver had an only son, the silver-haired Prince Argentum. The young man traveled a lot, and now it is time for him to get married.
From childhood, he was engaged to the wayward, arrogant, evil in character, caustic Nitrina. Many metals have paid with their lives for trying to argue with her.
Argentum didn't like Nitrina. When he had to stay alone with her, he immediately found an excuse to somehow get rid of her, suddenly remembering that he had a very urgent matter (silver nitrate is soluble in water, completely dissociates into ions).
And then one day, at a cheerful noisy ball, Argentum saw Chloris. She was so light, gentle, semi-airy, she danced so rapturously and gracefully that Argentum immediately fell in love with her (hydrochloric acid is a solution of hydrogen chloride, a transparent, volatile liquid). Argentum begged his friend Kalius to introduce him to a beautiful stranger. Potassium agreed to introduce them during the dance. Waltz announced. Nitrina clung to Argentum's arm, he was forced to go with her in a pair. Potassium invited Chloride. And then the long-awaited words were heard: "Ladies change gentlemen." Chlorida's delicate, fragile hand rested on Argentum's. He felt an extraordinary excitement - after all, a very strong ionic bond arose between them. Argentum embraced his beloved and never parted from her again.
Tale of the story that happened in the laboratory
The action takes place at night in an alchemical laboratory. All these metals are brothers, but each has its own character and advantages.
Once they decided to brag to each other, which of them is more important and more important. Who is more respected?
For example, Magnesium could become a smartass based on the following facts: magnesium burns with the emission of bright light, the spectral composition is close to that of the sun. Therefore, in the past, photographers in low light shot in the light of a burning magnesium tape. If a magnesium strip is set on fire and lowered into a glass of water, then the burning of the metal continues. In this case, the hydrogen released during the interaction of magnesium with water immediately ignites in air. The combustion of magnesium continues in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide:
The ability of magnesium to burn both in water and in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide significantly complicates the extinguishing of fires in which structures made of magnesium or its alloys burn.
Beryllium can claim to be the most beautiful of them all. After all, he is the main precious stones: Aquamarine, Alexandrite, Beryl, Emerald, Chrysoberyl, Calcium. Due to the high chemical activity of calcium in the free form in nature is not found.
Calcium accounts for 3.38% of the mass of the earth's crust (5th place in abundance after oxygen, silicon, aluminum and iron).
Most of the calcium is contained in the composition of silicates and aluminosilicates of various rocks (granites, gneisses, etc.) , especially in feldspar - anorthite Ca. In the form of sedimentary rocks, calcium compounds are represented by chalk and limestone, consisting mainly of the mineral calcite (CaCO3). The crystalline form of calcite - marble - is found in nature much less frequently. Play that he is the most popular of the alkaline earth brothers
When radium and strontium begin to appear that they are so rare and people are afraid of them, beat that by the presence of calcium and magnesium salts in natural water its rigidity is determined, which means that calcium and magnesium are also tough in dealing with people. Then in the morning the alchemist will come and flood them all with strong acids, or, on the contrary, reconcile.
Chemical riddles "Who am I?"
I am shiny white metal. I perfectly reflect the incident light. My ions have the ability to kill microorganisms, so they use me to disinfect water. I am a fairly soft metal, and are used to make jewelry, household utensils, and minting coins. Who am I?
(Argentum)
I am a light gray metal, I was deprived of the luster characteristic of all metals, because in the air I become covered with a film that gives me a haze. They use me in nuclear reactors as a moderator and reflector of neurons. Who am I?
(Beryllium)
I am a silvery-white liquid metal, I evaporate easily and my fumes are poisonous. I find my application in various devices: quartz lamps, diffusion vacuum pumps, thermometers. Who am I?
(Hydrargium, mercury)
I am a grey, black or red solid. They extract me by filtering and roasting at high temperatures. They apply me in metallurgy, pharmaceutical, glass and processing industries. I am a good antioxidant, increase the function of the retina. Who am I?
(Selenium)
I am a bluish gas with a characteristic odour. I am a very strong oxidizing agent. They use me as a bleaching and disinfecting agent. Who am I?
(Ozone)
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