The team of the Production Association "3D-concrete" specializes in the development and production of three-dimensional structures and elements from decorative fiber-reinforced concrete - 3D-concrete - from the generation of a project idea to installation and turnkey maintenance.
Own production of products from concrete, fiber-reinforced concrete and glass composite is a full-cycle production. We have a proven technology and selected compositions of concretes and fiber-reinforced concretes with high physical and technical indicators that ensure maximum service life. Our products are distinguished not only by the optimal combination of price / quality. Each order is a new unique product, work on which cannot be done according to a template or a standard sample. That is why our creative approach to each client is not just words, but the basis of work on the execution of individual orders.
Kalashnikov Vladimir Ivanovich (1941-2017) - the founder of the direction "high-strength reaction-powder concrete of a new generation". Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation, Honored Worker high school, honorary worker higher education Russian Federation, Counselor of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences (RAASN), Academician of the International Academy of Sciences of Ecology, Human Security (MANEB), Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor. In 2003, the Cambridge International Bibliographic Center V.I. Kalashnikov. listed in the encyclopedia "Person of the Year", and in 2006 in the encyclopedia " The best people Russia" with a medal and a badge, in 2010 it was included in the bibliographic encyclopedia successful people Russia, in 2009 - was awarded the medal "Construction Glory", as well as the Order of PGUAS "For Merit in the Development of Construction Education and Science". As part of a team of authors led by Academician of the RAASN P.G. Komokhov Professor Kalashnikov V.I. in 2002 was awarded the Grand Medal of the RAASN. Author of more than 1000 published scientific and educational works, including 56 inventions and patents, 13 regulatory documents in the field of construction, 23 monographs and 58 teaching aids. During the last 15 years of his life, the scientific interests of V.I. Kalashnikov were associated with the production of especially high-strength reaction-powder concretes and fiber-reinforced concretes.
Yana Sanyagina
A follower of the scientific school of Kalashnikov V.I., founder and head of the company, author and developer of the 3D concrete product.
Yana Sanyagina is a follower of the scientific school of Kalashnikov V.I., founder and head of the company, author and developer of the 3D concrete product. Experience in the implementation of projects and technologies in the field of concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete - 14 years.
Implemented areas: production paving slabs using vibrocasting and vibropressing technologies, vibrocasting production of thin-walled facing panels from basalt-fibre-reinforced concrete, production of lawn grates for eco-parking from high-strength self-compacting concrete, shotcrete production of thin-walled volumetric elements from decorative fiber-reinforced concrete (3d-concrete), production of textured products from high-strength concrete (blocks and landscaping elements) imitating granite. More than 50 publications in scientific and technical publications, victories in all-Russian and regional scientific competitions, participation in numerous exhibitions, forums, including the legendary Seliger forum. In 2009, as part of the Seliger forum, she participated in a meeting with Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. among 50 young innovators of Russia, in 2011 she participated among 200 young scientists of Russia in a meeting with the President of the Russian Federation D.A. in the Skolkovo hypercube. The start of entrepreneurial activity was carried out thanks to the support of the Government of the Penza region. In 2017, the Bortnik Foundation included in the list of TOP-10 entrepreneurs who have created a business under 30 years old.
Sergei Viktorovich Ananyev is a follower of the scientific school of V.I. Kalashnikov, chief engineer of the company, candidate of technical sciences, developer of dry mix compositions for high-strength and ultra-high-strength concretes. Experience in the implementation of projects and technologies in the field of concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete - 20 years.
2011 - defense of a Ph.D. thesis on the topic: "Composition, topological structure and rheotechnological properties of rheological matrices for the production of new generation concrete", 18 years - work in construction in the direction of technical supervision, 10 years - work on the creation of high-strength self-leveling floors
Organization of activities and improvement of production technology, development of methods for technical control and testing of products, organization of the activities of a production laboratory, experimental work on the development of new types of products and processes, development, maintenance and storage of technological documentation, writing production regulations. Performing calculations production capacity and equipment loading, calculation technological schemes, calculation and adjustment of design estimates; development and implementation of stabilization measures technological processes; organization and participation in general and targeted testing of processes and technologies.
Sergey Pivikov
Chief Project Architect, Head of Form Design and Modeling, Co-author of 3D Concrete
Sergey Pivikov - Chief Project Architect, Head of Form Design and Modeling, co-author of the 3D Concrete product.
Development and implementation of the following projects: restoration of the iconostasis and icon cases for the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Nikolsk, the project for the improvement of the urban space "Alley of Lovers", a stopping pavilion using solar panels in Moscow, the "Cross" fountain for the font of Nizhnelomovsky Kazansko-Bogoroditsky monastery, an eco-site for the FLACON Design Factory in Moscow. The author of the monument to the work of M.Yu. Lermontov "Book", Penza, the direction of "eco-furniture" in the production of small architectural forms, the project of the urban power generator "Eco-mushroom", the project for the improvement of the urban space "Dobro", church decoration in the churches of the city of Arkadak, Saratov Region, Yuzha of the Ivanovo region, development of a draft design of the iconostasis for the Temple in Kuzminki, Moscow, design and working documentation for souvenir and interior products made of concrete.
Alexey Izmailov
Head of the assembly department of the GC "3D-BETON"
Implementation of technical control over the performance of construction and installation works directly at the Facility: execution of the work schedule, control of deadlines, compliance with the volume and quality of work performed at the Facility, quality control of the materials used, coordination of changes in design decisions arising in the course of work with the Customer, reporting on completed volumes, ensuring safety at the Facility.
Alexander Teplov
Production manager
Organization of an effective production process, control over compliance with production technologies and the implementation of key indicators; Ensuring the implementation of the delivery schedule of products in accordance with the requirements of the Customer, optimization of existing and introduction of new technological processes.
The present invention relates to industry building materials and is used for the manufacture of concrete products: highly artistic openwork fences and gratings, pillars, thin paving slabs and curbstones, thin-walled tiles for internal and external cladding of buildings and structures, decorative products and small architectural forms. The method for preparing a self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture consists in sequential mixing of the components until a mixture with the required fluidity is obtained. Initially, water and a hyperplasticizer are mixed in the mixer, then cement, microsilica, stone flour are poured and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 minutes, after which sand and fiber are introduced and mixed for 2-3 minutes. A self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties is obtained, which contains the following components: Portland cement PC500D0, sand fraction from 0.125 to 0.63, hyperplasticizer, fibers, silica fume, stone flour, strength gain accelerator and water. The method for manufacturing concrete products in molds consists in preparing a concrete mixture, feeding the mixture into molds and then holding it in a curing chamber. The inner, working surface of the mold is treated with a thin layer of water, then a self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties is poured into the mold. After filling the mold, a thin layer of water is sprayed onto the surface of the mixture and the mold is covered with a technological pallet. EFFECT: obtaining a self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties, high strength characteristics, low cost and making it possible to manufacture openwork products. 2 n. and 2 z.p. f-ly, 1 tab., 3 ill.
The present invention relates to the building materials industry and is used for the manufacture of concrete products: highly artistic openwork fences and gratings, pillars, thin paving slabs and curbstones, thin-walled tiles for internal and external cladding of buildings and structures, decorative products and small architectural forms.
A known method for the manufacture of decorative building products and / or decorative coatings by mixing with water a binder containing Portland cement clinker, a modifier, including an organic water-reducing component and a certain amount of a hardening accelerator and gypsum, pigments, fillers, mineral and chemical (functional) additives, and the resulting mixture stand until saturation of bentonite clay (functional additive mixture stabilizer) with propylene glycol (organic water-reducing component), fixation of the resulting complex with hydroxypropyl cellulose gelling agent, styling, molding, compaction and heat treatment. Moreover, the mixing of dry components and the preparation of the mixture is carried out in different mixers (see RF patent No. 2084416, MPK6 SW 7/52, 1997).
The disadvantage of this solution is the need to use different equipment for mixing the components of the mixture and subsequent compaction operations, which complicates and increases the cost of technology. In addition, when using this method, it is impossible to obtain products with thin and openwork elements.
A known method of preparing a mixture for the production of building products, including activation of the binder by joint grinding of Portland cement clinker with dry superplasticizer and subsequent mixing with filler and water, and first the activated filler is mixed with 5-10% mixing water, then the activated binder is introduced and the mixture is stirred, after which 40 - 60% mixing water is introduced and the mixture is stirred, then the remaining water is introduced and final mixing is carried out until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. Stepwise mixing of the components is carried out for 0.5-1 min. Products made from the resulting mixture must be kept at a temperature of 20°C and a humidity of 100% for 14 days (see RF patent No. 2012551, MPK5 C04B 40/00, 1994).
The disadvantage of the known method is the complex and expensive operation for the joint grinding of the binder and superplasticizer, which requires high costs for the organization of the mixing and grinding complex. In addition, when using this method, it is impossible to obtain products with thin and openwork elements.
Known composition for the preparation of self-compacting concrete, containing:
100 wt. parts of cement
50-200 wt. parts of mixtures of sands from calcined bauxites of different granulometric composition, the finest sand of average granulometric composition is less than 1 mm, the largest sand of average granulometric composition is less than 10 mm;
5-25 wt. parts of ultra-fine particles of calcium carbonate and white soot, and the content of white soot is not more than 15 wt. parts;
0.1-10 wt. parts of a defoamer;
0.1-10 wt. parts of the superplasticizer;
15-24 wt. fiber parts;
10-30 wt. parts of water.
The mass ratio between the amount of ultra-fine particles of calcium carbonate in concrete and the amount of white soot can reach 1:99-99:1, preferably 50:50-99:1 (see RF patent No. 111/62 (2006.01), 2009, para. 12).
The disadvantage of this concrete is the use of expensive calcined bauxite sands, usually used in aluminum production, as well as an excess amount of cement, which leads, respectively, to an increase in the consumption of other very expensive concrete components and, accordingly, to an increase in its cost.
The conducted search showed that no solutions have been found that provide the production of reaction-powder self-compacting concrete.
There is known a method of preparing concrete with the addition of fibers, in which all concrete components are mixed until concrete with the required fluidity is obtained, or dry components are first mixed, such as cement, various types of sand, ultra-fine particles of calcium carbonate, white soot and, possibly, superplasticizer and antifoam agent, after which water is added to the mixture, and, if necessary, a superplasticizer, and an antifoam agent, if present in liquid form, and, if necessary, fibers, and mixed until a concrete with the required fluidity is obtained. After mixing, for example, within 4-16 minutes, the resulting concrete can be easily molded due to its very high fluidity (see RF patent No. ., item 12). This decision was taken as a prototype.
The resulting ultra-high performance self-compacting concrete can be used to make prefabricated elements such as poles, crossbeams, beams, ceilings, tiling, artistic structures, prestressed elements or composite materials, material for sealing gaps between structural elements, elements of sewage systems or in architecture.
The disadvantage of this method is the high consumption of cement for the preparation of 1 m3 of the mixture, which entails an increase in the cost of the concrete mixture and products from it due to an increase in the consumption of other components. In addition, the method described in the invention for using the resulting concrete does not carry any information on how, for example, artistic openwork and thin-walled concrete products can be produced.
Widely known methods for the manufacture of various products from concrete, when the concrete poured into the mold is subsequently subjected to vibrocompaction.
However, using such known methods, it is impossible to obtain artistic, openwork and thin-walled concrete products.
A known method for the manufacture of concrete products in packaging forms, which consists in the preparation of a concrete mixture, feeding the mixture into molds, hardening. An air and moisture insulating form is used in the form of packaging thin-walled multi-chamber forms, coated after the mixture is supplied to them with an air and moisture insulating coating. Hardening of products is carried out in sealed chambers for 8-12 hours (see the patent for the invention of Ukraine No. UA 39086, MPK7 V28V 7/11; V28V 7/38; S04V 40/02, 2005).
The disadvantage of the known method is the high cost of the molds used for the manufacture of concrete products, as well as the impossibility of manufacturing artistic, openwork and thin-walled concrete products in this way.
The first task is to obtain the composition of a self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with the required workability and the necessary strength characteristics, which will reduce the cost of the obtained self-compacting concrete mixture.
The second task is to increase the strength characteristics at a daily age with optimal mix workability and improve the decorative properties of the front surfaces of concrete products.
The first task is solved due to the fact that a method has been developed for preparing a self-compacting extra high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture, which consists in mixing the components of the concrete mixture until the required fluidity is obtained, in which the mixing of the components of the fiber-reinforced concrete mixture is carried out sequentially, and initially water and a hyperplasticizer are mixed in the mixer, then cement, microsilica, stone flour are poured and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 minutes, after which sand and fiber are introduced and mixed for 2-3 minutes until a fiber-reinforced concrete mixture is obtained containing components, wt.%:
The total preparation time of the concrete mixture is from 12 to 15 minutes.
The technical result from the use of the invention is to obtain a self-compacting extra high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties, improving the quality and spreadability of the fiber-reinforced concrete mixture, due to a specially selected composition, sequence of introduction and mixing time of the mixture, which leads to a significant increase in fluidity and strength characteristics concrete up to M1000 and above, reducing the required thickness of products.
Mixing the ingredients in a certain sequence, when initially a measured amount of water and a hyperplasticizer are mixed in the mixer, then cement, microsilica, stone flour are added and mixed for 2-3 minutes, after which sand and fiber are introduced and the resulting concrete mixture is mixed for 2- 3 minutes allows for a significant improvement in the quality and flow characteristics (workability) of the resulting self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture.
The technical result from the use of the invention is to obtain a self-compacting extra high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties, high strength characteristics and low cost. Compliance with the given ratio of the components of the mixture, wt.%:
allows to obtain a self-compacting, extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties, high strength characteristics and low cost.
The use of the above components, while observing the specified proportion in a quantitative ratio, makes it possible, when obtaining a self-compacting extra high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with the required fluidity and high strength properties, to ensure the low cost of the resulting mixture and thus increase its consumer properties. The use of components such as microsilica, stone flour, allows you to reduce the percentage of cement, which entails a decrease in the percentage of other expensive components (hyperplasticizer, for example), as well as to abandon the use of expensive sands from calcined bauxites, which also leads to a decrease in the cost of concrete mixture, but does not affect its strength properties.
The second task is solved due to the fact that a method has been developed for manufacturing products in molds from a fiber-reinforced concrete mixture prepared as described above, which consists in feeding the mixture into molds and subsequent holding for curing, and initially a thin layer of water is sprayed onto the inner, working surface of the mold, and after filling the mold with the mixture, a thin layer of water is sprayed on its surface and the mold is covered with a technological pallet.
Moreover, the mixture is fed into the molds sequentially, covering the filled mold from above with a technological pallet, after installing the technological pallet, the process of manufacturing products is repeated many times, setting following form on the technological pallet above the previous one.
The technical result of using the invention is to improve the quality front surface products, a significant increase in the strength characteristics of the product, due to the use of a self-compacting fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties, special processing of molds and organization of concrete care at a daily age. The organization of concrete care at a daily age consists in ensuring sufficient waterproofing of the molds with concrete poured into them by covering the upper layer of concrete in the mold with a water film and covering the molds with pallets.
The technical result is achieved through the use of a self-compacting fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties, which allows the production of very thin and openwork products of any configuration, repeating any textures and types of surfaces, eliminates the process of vibration compaction when molding products, and also allows the use of any shape (elastic, fiberglass , metal, plastic, etc.) for the production of products.
Pre-wetting the mold with a thin layer of water and the final operation of spraying a thin layer of water on the surface of the poured fiber-reinforced concrete mix, covering the mold with concrete with the next technological pallet in order to create an airtight chamber for better maturation of the concrete makes it possible to exclude the appearance of air pores from trapped air, to achieve high quality of the front surface of the products , reduce the evaporation of water from hardening concrete and increase the strength characteristics of the resulting products.
The number of molds poured simultaneously is selected based on the volume of the obtained self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture.
Obtaining a self-compacting fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties and, due to this, with improved workability qualities, makes it possible not to use a vibrating table in the manufacture of artistic products and to simplify the manufacturing technology, while increasing the strength characteristics of artistic concrete products.
The technical result is achieved due to the specially selected composition of the fine-grained self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mix, the mode of the sequence of introducing the components, the method of processing the forms and organizing the care of concrete at a daily age.
The advantages of this technology and the concrete used:
The use of sand module fineness fr. 0.125-0.63;
The absence of large aggregates in the concrete mix;
The possibility of manufacturing concrete products with thin and openwork elements;
Ideal surface of concrete products;
The possibility of manufacturing products with a given roughness and surface texture;
High grade concrete compressive strength, not less than M1000;
High brand strength of concrete in bending, not less than Ptb100;
The present invention is explained in more detail below with the help of non-restrictive examples.
Fig. 1 (a, b) - scheme for manufacturing products - pouring the resulting fiber-reinforced concrete into molds;
Fig. 2 is a top view of a product obtained using the claimed invention.
The method of obtaining a self-compacting extra high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties, containing the above components, is carried out as follows.
First, all components of the mixture are weighed. Then, a measured amount of water, a hyperplasticizer, is poured into the mixer. Then the mixer is turned on. In the process of mixing water, hyperplasticizer, the following components of the mixture are sequentially poured: cement, microsilica, stone flour. If necessary, iron oxide pigments can be added to color concrete in mass. After introducing these components into the mixer, the resulting suspension is mixed for 2 to 3 minutes.
At the next stage, sand and fiber are sequentially introduced and the concrete mixture is mixed for 2 to 3 minutes. After that, the concrete mixture is ready for use.
During the preparation of the mixture, an accelerator of curing is introduced.
The resulting self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties is a liquid consistency, one of the indicators of which is the flow of the Hagermann cone on the glass. In order for the mixture to spread well, the spread must be at least 300 mm.
As a result of applying the claimed method, a self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties is obtained, which contains the following components: Portland cement PC500D0, sand fraction from 0.125 to 0.63, hyperplasticizer, fibers, microsilica, stone flour, set accelerator strength and water. When implementing the method for manufacturing a fiber-reinforced concrete mixture, the following ratio of components is observed, wt.%:
Moreover, when implementing the method for manufacturing a fiber-reinforced concrete mixture, stone flour from various natural materials or waste, such as, for example, quartz flour, dolomite flour, limestone flour, and the like.
The following grades of hyperplasticizer can be used: Sika ViscoCrete, Glenium, etc.
A strength accelerator such as Master X-Seed 100 (X-SEED 100) or similar strength accelerators may be added during the manufacture of the mixture.
The obtained self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties can be used in the production of artistic products with a complex configuration, such as openwork hedges (see Fig. 2). Use the resulting mixture immediately after its manufacture.
A method for manufacturing concrete products from a self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties, obtained by the method described above and having the specified composition, is carried out as follows.
For the manufacture of openwork products by pouring a self-compacting, extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties, elastic (polyurethane, silicone, molded plastic) or rigid plastic molds 1. A form with a simple configuration is conditionally shown, however, this type of form is not indicative and was chosen to simplify the diagram. The form is installed on the technological pallet 2. A thin layer of water is sprayed onto the inner, working surface 3 of the form, which further reduces the number of trapped air bubbles on the front surface of the concrete product.
After that, the resulting fiber-reinforced concrete mixture 4 is poured into a mold, where it spreads and self-compacts under its own weight, squeezing out the air in it. After the self-levelling of the concrete mixture in the mold, a thin layer of water is sprayed onto the concrete poured into the mold for a more intensive release of air from the concrete mixture. Then the form filled with fiber-reinforced concrete mixture is covered from above with the next technological pallet 2, which creates a closed chamber for more intensive curing of concrete (see figure 1 (a)).
On this pallet put new form, and the manufacturing process is repeated. Thus, from one portion of the prepared concrete mixture, several molds can be filled successively, installed one above the other, which ensures an increase in the efficiency of using the prepared fiber-reinforced concrete mixture. Forms filled with fiber-reinforced concrete mixture are left to cure the mixture for about 15 hours.
After 15 hours, the concrete products are demoulded and sent for grinding the back side, and then into the steaming chamber or into the heat-humidity treatment chamber (HMW), where the products are kept until they are fully cured.
The use of the invention makes it possible to produce highly decorative openwork and thin-walled high-strength concrete products of the M1000 and higher grade using a simplified casting technology without the use of vibration compaction.
The invention can be carried out using the listed known components, while observing the quantitative proportions and the described technological regimes. Known equipment can be used in carrying out the invention.
An example of a method for preparing a self-compacting, extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties.
First, all components of the mixture are weighed and measured in the given amount (wt.%):
Then a measured amount of water and Sika ViscoCrete 20 Gold hyperplasticizer are poured into the mixer. Then the mixer is turned on and the components are mixed. In the process of mixing water and hyperplasticizer, the following components of the mixture are sequentially poured: Portland cement ПЦ500 D0, silica fume, quartz flour. The mixing process is carried out continuously for 2-3 minutes.
At the next stage, sand FR is sequentially introduced. 0.125-0.63 and steel fiber 0.22 × 13mm. The concrete mixture is mixed for 2-3 minutes.
Reducing the mixing time does not make it possible to obtain a homogeneous mixture, and increasing the mixing time does not further improve the quality of the mixture, but delays the process.
After that, the concrete mixture is ready for use.
The total manufacturing time of the fiber-reinforced concrete mixture is from 12 to 15 minutes, this time includes additional operations for backfilling the components.
The prepared self-compacting, extra-high-strength, reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties is used for the manufacture of openwork products by pouring into molds.
Examples of the composition of the obtained self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties, made by the claimed method, are shown in table 1.
1. A method for preparing a self-compacting extra-high-strength reaction-powder fiber-reinforced concrete mixture with very high flow properties, which consists in mixing the components of the concrete mixture until the required fluidity is obtained, characterized in that the mixing of the components of the fiber-reinforced concrete mixture is carried out sequentially, and initially water and a hyperplasticizer are mixed in the mixer, then cement, microsilica, stone flour are poured and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 minutes, after which sand and fiber are introduced and mixed for 2-3 minutes until a fiber-reinforced concrete mixture is obtained, containing, wt.%:
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the total time for preparing the concrete mixture is from 12 to 15 minutes.
3. A method for manufacturing products in molds from a fiber-reinforced concrete mixture prepared by the method according to claims 1, 2, which consists in feeding the mixture into molds and subsequent heat treatment in a steaming chamber, and initially a thin layer of water is sprayed onto the inner, working surface of the mold, after filling the mold with a mixture a thin layer of water is sprayed on its surface and the form is covered with a technological pallet.
4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the mixture is fed into the molds sequentially, covering the filled mold from above with a technological pallet, after installing the technological pallet, the process of manufacturing products is repeated many times, placing the next form on the technological pallet above the previous one and filling it.
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high-performance reaction-powder high-strength and heavy-duty concretes and fiber-reinforced concretes (options) - patent application 2012113330
Applicant: Volodin Vladimir Mikhailovich (RU)
1. Reaction-powder heavy-duty concrete containing Portland cement PC 500 D0 (gray or white), superplasticizer based on polycarboxylate ether, microsilica with a content of amorphous - vitreous silica of at least 85-95%, characterized in that it additionally includes ground quartz sand (microquartz ) or ground stone flour from dense rocks with a specific surface (3-5) 103 cm2 / g, fine-grained quartz sand of a narrow particle size distribution of a fraction of 0.1-0.5 ÷ 0.16-0.63 mm, has a specific consumption cement per unit strength of concrete is not more than 4.5 kg / MPa, has a high density with a new recipe and with a new structural and topological structure, with the following content of components, % of the mass of dry components in the concrete mix:
Microsilica - 3.2-6.8%;
Water - W / T \u003d 0.95-0.12.
2. Reaction-powder heavy-duty fiber-reinforced concrete containing Portland cement PC 500 D0 (gray or white), superplasticizer based on polycarboxylate ether, microsilica with a content of amorphous vitreous silica of at least 85-95%, characterized in that it additionally includes ground quartz sand (microquartz ) or ground stone flour from dense rocks with a specific surface (3-5) 103 cm2 / g, fine-grained quartz sand of a narrow granulometric composition of the fraction 0.1-0.5 ÷ 0.16-0.63 mm, as well as the content fiber steel cord (diameter 0.1-0.22 mm, length 6-15 mm), basalt and carbon fibers, has a specific consumption of cement per unit of concrete strength of not more than 4.5 kg / MPa, and the specific consumption of fiber per unit of growth tensile strength in bending, does not exceed 9.0 kg / MPa has a high density with a new formulation and with a new structural and topological structure, and concrete has a ductile (plastic) character of destruction with the following component content nits, % of the mass of dry components in the concrete mixture:
Portland cement (gray or white) grade not lower than PC 500 D0 - 30.9-34%;
Superplasticizer based on polycarboxylate ether - 0.2-0.5%;
Microsilica - 3.2-6.8%;
Ground quartz sand (microquartz) or stone flour - 12.3-17.2%;
Fine-grained quartz sand - 53.4-41.5%;
Fiber steel cord 1.5-5.0% by volume of concrete;
Basalt fiber and carbon fibers 0.2-3.0% by volume of concrete;
Water - W / T \u003d 0.95-0.12.
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Construction articles
The article describes the properties and capabilities of high-strength powder concretes, as well as areas and technologies for their application.
High rates of construction of residential and industrial buildings with new and unique architectural forms and especially special especially loaded structures (such as large-span bridges, skyscrapers, offshore oil platforms, tanks for storing gases and liquids under pressure, etc.) required the development of new effective concretes. Significant progress in this has been especially noted since the late 1980s. Modern high-quality concretes (HKB) classify a wide range of concretes for various purposes: high-strength and ultra-high-strength concretes [see. Bornemann R., Fenling E. Ultrahochfester Beton-Entwicklung und Verhalten.// Leipziger Massivbauseminar, 2000, Bd. 10; Schmidt M. Bornemann R. Möglichkeiten und Crensen von Hochfestem Beton.// Proc. 14, Jbausil, 2000, Bd. 1], self-compacting concretes, highly corrosion resistant concretes. These types of concrete satisfy high requirements in terms of compressive and tensile strength, crack resistance, impact strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, frost resistance.
Undoubtedly, the transition to new types of concrete was facilitated, firstly, by revolutionary achievements in the field of plasticizing concrete and mortar mixtures, and secondly, the emergence of the most active pozzolanic additives - microsilica, dehydrated kaolins and fine ash. Combinations of superplasticizers and especially environmentally friendly hyperplasticizers based on polycarboxylate, polyacrylate and polyglycol base make it possible to obtain superfluid cement-mineral dispersed systems and concrete mixes. Thanks to these achievements, the number of components in concrete with chemical additives reached 6–8, the water-cement ratio decreased to 0.24–0.28 while maintaining plasticity, characterized by a cone draft of 4–10 cm. flour (KM) or without it, but with the addition of MK in highly workable concretes (Ultrahochfester Beton, Ultra hochleistung Beton) on hyperplasticizers, unlike cast on traditional joint ventures, perfect fluidity concrete mixtures combined with low sedimentation and self-compacting with spontaneous air removal.
"High" rheology with a significant water reduction in superplasticized concrete mixtures is provided by a fluid rheological matrix, which has different scale levels of the structural elements that make it up. In crushed stone concrete for crushed stone, the cement-sand mortar serves as a rheological matrix at various micro-mesolevels. In plasticized concrete mixtures for high-strength concretes for crushed stone as a macrostructural element, the rheological matrix, the proportion of which should be much higher than in ordinary concretes, is a more complex dispersion consisting of sand, cement, stone flour, microsilica and water. In turn, for sand in conventional concrete mixtures, the rheological matrix at the micro level is a cement-water paste, the proportion of which can be increased to ensure fluidity by increasing the amount of cement. But this, on the one hand, is uneconomical (especially for concretes of classes B10 - B30), on the other hand, paradoxically, superplasticizers are poor water-reducing additives for Portland cement, although they were all created and are being created for it. Almost all superplasticizers, as we have shown since 1979, "work" much better on many mineral powders or on their mixture with cement [see. Kalashnikov VI Fundamentals of plasticization of mineral dispersed systems for the production of building materials: Dissertation in the form of a scientific report for the degree of Doctor of Science. tech. Sciences. - Voronezh, 1996] than on pure cement. Cement is an unstable in water, hydrating system that forms colloidal particles immediately after contact with water and quickly thickens. And colloidal particles in water are difficult to disperse with superplasticizers. An example is clay slurries that are difficult to superfluidize.
Thus, the conclusion suggests itself: it is necessary to add stone flour to the cement, and it will increase not only the rheological effect of the joint venture on the mixture, but also the proportion of the rheological matrix itself. As a result, it becomes possible to significantly reduce the amount of water, increase the density and increase the strength of concrete. The addition of stone powder will practically be equivalent to an increase in cement (if the water-reducing effects are significantly higher than with the addition of cement).
It is important here to focus not on replacing part of the cement with stone flour, but on adding it (and a significant proportion - 40–60%) to Portland cement. Based on the polystructural theory in 1985–2000. all works on changing the polystructure were aimed at replacing 30–50% of Portland cement with mineral fillers to save it in concrete [see. Solomatov V.I., Vyrovoy V.N. et al. Composite building materials and structures of reduced material consumption. - Kiev: Budivelnik, 1991; Aganin S.P. Concretes of low water demand with modified quartz filler: Abstract for the competition of an account. degree cand. tech. Sciences. - M, 1996; Fadel I. M. Intensive separate technology of concrete filled with basalt: Abstract of the thesis. cand. tech. Sciences - M, 1993]. The strategy of saving Portland cements in concretes of the same strength will give way to the strategy of saving concrete with 2–3 times higher strength not only in compression, but also in bending and axial tension, and impact. Saving concrete in more openwork structures will give a higher economic effect than saving cement.
Considering the compositions of rheological matrices at different scale levels, we establish that for sand in high-strength concretes, the rheological matrix at the micro level is a complex mixture of cement, flour, silica, superplasticizer and water. In turn, for high-strength concretes with microsilica for a mixture of cement and stone flour (equal dispersity) as structural elements, another rheological matrix appears with a smaller scale level - a mixture of silica fume, water and superplasticizer.
For crushed concrete, these scales of the structural elements of rheological matrices correspond to the scales of the optimal granulometry of the dry components of concrete to obtain its high density.
Thus, the addition of stone flour performs both a structural-rheological function and a matrix-filling one. For high-strength concretes, the reactive-chemical function of stone flour is no less important, which is performed with a higher effect by reactive microsilica and microdehydrated kaolin.
The maximum rheological and water-reducing effects due to the adsorption of SP on the surface of the solid phase are genetically characteristic of finely dispersed systems with high surface section.
Table 1.
Rheological and water-reducing action of SP in water-mineral systems
Table 1 shows that in Portland cement casting slurries with SP, the water-reducing effect of the latter is 1.5–7.0 times (sic!) Higher than in mineral powders. For rocks, this excess can reach 2–3 times.
Thus, the combination of hyperplasticizers with microsilica, stone flour or ash made it possible to raise the level of compressive strength to 130–150, and in some cases to 180–200 MPa or more. However, a significant increase in strength leads to an intensive increase in brittleness and a decrease in Poisson's ratio to 0.14–0.17, which leads to the risk of sudden destruction of structures in emergency situations. Getting rid of this negative property of concrete is carried out not so much by reinforcing the latter with rod reinforcement, but by combining rod reinforcement with the introduction of fibers from polymers, glass and steel.
The fundamentals of plasticizing and water reduction of mineral and cement dispersed systems were formulated in the doctoral dissertation of Kalashnikov V.I. [cm. Kalashnikov VI Fundamentals of plasticization of mineral dispersed systems for the production of building materials: Dissertation in the form of a scientific report for the degree of Doctor of Science. tech. Sciences. - Voronezh, 1996] in 1996 on the basis of previously completed work in the period from 1979 to 1996. [Kalashnikov V. I., Ivanov I. A. On the structural-rheological state of extremely liquefied highly concentrated disperse systems. // Proceedings of the IV National Conference on Mechanics and Technology of Composite Materials. - Sofia: BAN, 1985; Ivanov I. A., Kalashnikov V. I. Efficiency of plasticization of mineral disperse compositions depending on the concentration of the solid phase in them. // Rheology of concrete mixes and its technological tasks. Tez. report of the III All-Union Symposium. - Riga. - RPI, 1979; Kalashnikov V. I., Ivanov I. A. On the nature of plasticization of mineral dispersed compositions depending on the concentration of the solid phase in them.// Mechanics and technology of composite materials. Materials of the II National Conference. - Sofia: BAN, 1979; Kalashnikov VI On the reaction of various mineral compositions to naphthalene-sulfonic acid superplasticizers and the effect of instant alkalis on it. // Mechanics and technology of composite materials. Materials of the III National Conference with the participation of foreign representatives. - Sofia: BAN, 1982; Kalashnikov VI Accounting for rheological changes in concrete mixtures with superplasticizers. // Proceedings of the IX All-Union Conference on Concrete and Reinforced Concrete (Tashkent, 1983). - Penza. - 1983; Kalashnikov VI, Ivanov IA Peculiarities of rheological changes in cement compositions under the action of ion-stabilizing plasticizers. // Collection of works "Technological mechanics of concrete". – Riga: RPI, 1984]. These are the prospects for the directed use of the highest possible water-reducing activity of the joint venture in finely dispersed systems, the features of quantitative rheological and structural-mechanical changes in superplasticized systems, which consist in their avalanche-like transition from solid-state to fluid state with a super-small addition of water. These are the developed criteria for gravitational spreading and post-thixotropic flow resource of highly dispersed plasticized systems (under the action of its own weight) and spontaneous leveling of the day surface. This is the advanced concept of the limiting concentration of cement systems with finely dispersed powders from rocks of sedimentary, magmatic and metamorphic origin, selective in terms of high water reduction to SP. The most important results obtained in these works are the possibility of a 5–15-fold reduction in water consumption in dispersions while maintaining gravitational spreadability. It was shown that by combining rheologically active powders with cement, it is possible to enhance the effect of the joint venture and obtain high-density castings. It is these principles that are implemented in reaction-powder concretes with an increase in their density and strength (Reaktionspulver beton - RPB or Reactive Powder Concrete - RPC [see Dolgopolov N. N., Sukhanov M. A., Efimov S. N. A new type of cement: structure of cement stone. // Building materials. - 1994. - No. 115]). Another result is an increase in the reducing action of the joint venture with an increase in the dispersion of the powders [see. Kalashnikov VI Fundamentals of plasticization of mineral dispersed systems for the production of building materials: Dissertation in the form of a scientific report for the degree of Doctor of Science. tech. Sciences. – Voronezh, 1996]. It is also used in powdered fine-grained concretes by increasing the proportion of finely dispersed constituents by adding microsilica to the cement. A novelty in the theory and practice of powdered concrete was the use of fine sand with a fraction of 0.1–0.5 mm, which made the concrete fine-grained, in contrast to ordinary sandy sand with a fraction of 0–5 mm. Our calculation of the average specific surface of the dispersed part of powdered concrete (composition: cement - 700 kg; fine sand fr. 0.125–0.63 mm - 950 kg; basalt flour Ssp = 380 m2/kg - 350 kg; kg - 140 kg) with its content of 49% of the total mixture with fine-grained sand of a fraction of 0.125–0.5 mm shows that with a dispersion of MK Smk = 3000m2 / kg, the average surface of the powder part is Svd = 1060m2 / kg, and with Smk = 2000 m2 /kg - Svd = 785 m2 / kg. It is on such finely dispersed components that fine-grained reaction-powder concretes are made, in which the volume concentration of the solid phase without sand reaches 58–64%, and together with sand - 76–77% and is slightly inferior to the concentration of the solid phase in superplasticized heavy concrete (Cv = 0, 80–0.85). However, in crushed concrete, the volume concentration of the solid phase minus crushed stone and sand is much lower, which determines the high density of the dispersed matrix.
High strength is ensured by the presence of not only microsilica or dehydrated kaolin, but also a reactive powder from ground rock. According to the literature, fly ash, baltic, limestone or quartz flour are mainly introduced. Wide opportunities in the production of reactive powder concretes opened up in the USSR and Russia in connection with the development and research of composite binders of low water demand by Yu. M. Bazhenov, Sh. T. Babaev, and A. Komarom. A., Batrakov V. G., Dolgopolov N. N. It was proved that the replacement of cement in the process of grinding VNV with carbonate, granite, quartz flour up to 50% significantly increases the water-reducing effect. The W / T ratio, which ensures the gravitational spreading of crushed stone concrete, is reduced to 13–15% compared to the usual introduction of joint venture, the strength of concrete on such VNV-50 reaches 90–100 MPa. In essence, on the basis of VNV, microsilica, fine sand and dispersed reinforcement, modern powder concretes can be obtained.
Dispersion-reinforced powder concretes are very effective not only for load-bearing structures with combined reinforcement with prestressed reinforcement, but also for the production of very thin-walled, including spatial, architectural details.
According to the latest data, textile reinforcement of structures is possible. It was the development of textile-fiber production of (fabric) three-dimensional frames made of high-strength polymer and alkali-resistant threads in developed foreign countries that was the motivation for the development more than 10 years ago in France and Canada of reaction-powder concretes with joint venture without large aggregates with especially fine quartz aggregate filled with stone powders and microsilica. Concrete mixtures from such fine-grained mixtures spread under the action of their own weight, filling the completely dense mesh structure of the woven frame and all filigree-shaped interfaces.
"High" rheology of powder concrete mixes (PBS) provides with a water content of 10–12% of the mass of dry components, the yield strength?0= 5–15 Pa, i.e. only 5-10 times higher than in oil paints. With this value of Δ0, it can be determined using the mini-areometric method developed by us in 1995. The low yield point is ensured by the optimal thickness of the rheological matrix interlayer. From the consideration of the topological structure of the PBS, the average thickness of the interlayer X is determined by the formula:
where is the average diameter of sand particles; is the volume concentration.
For the composition below, with W/T = 0.103, the thickness of the interlayer will be 0.056 mm. De Larrard and Sedran found that for finer sands (d = 0.125–0.4 mm) the thickness varies from 48 to 88 µm.
An increase in the interlayer of particles reduces the viscosity and ultimate shear stress and increases fluidity. Fluidity can be increased by adding water and introducing SP. V general view the effect of water and SP on the change in viscosity, ultimate shear stress and yield strength is ambiguous (Fig. 1).
The superplasticizer reduces the viscosity to a much lesser extent than the addition of water, while the yield strength reduction due to SP is much greater than that due to the influence of water.
Rice. 1. Effect of SP and water on viscosity, yield strength and yield strength
The main properties of superplasticized ultimate filled systems are that the viscosity can be quite high and the system can flow slowly if the yield strength is low. For conventional systems without SP, the viscosity may be low, but the increased yield strength prevents them from spreading, because they do not have a post-thixotropic flow resource [see. Kalashnikov VI, Ivanov IA Peculiarities of rheological changes in cement compositions under the action of ion-stabilizing plasticizers. // Collection of works "Technological mechanics of concrete". – Riga: RPI, 1984].
The rheological properties depend on the type and dosage of the joint venture. The influence of three types of joint ventures is shown in fig. 2. The most effective joint venture is Woerment 794.
Rice. 2 Influence of the type and dosage of SP on?o: 1 - Woerment 794; 2 - S-3; 3 – Melment F 10
At the same time, it was not the domestic SP S-3 that turned out to be less selective, but the foreign SP based on the melamine Melment F10.
The spreadability of powdered concrete mixtures is extremely important in the formation of concrete products with woven volumetric mesh frames laid in a mold.
Such voluminous openwork-fabric frames in the form of a tee, an I-beam, a channel and other configurations allow for quick reinforcement, which consists in installing and fixing the frame in a mold, followed by pouring suspension concrete, which easily penetrates through the frame cells with a size of 2–5 mm (Fig. 3) . Fabric frames can radically increase the crack resistance of concrete under the influence of alternating temperature fluctuations and significantly reduce deformation.
The concrete mixture should not only easily pour locally through the mesh frame, but also spread when filling the form by "reverse" penetration through the frame with an increase in the volume of the mixture in the form. To assess the fluidity, powder mixtures of the same composition were used in terms of the content of dry components, and the spreadability from the cone (for the shaking table) was controlled by the amount of SP and (partially) water. Spreading was blocked with a mesh ring 175 mm in diameter.
Rice. 3 Fabric scaffold sample
Rice. 4 Splashes of the mixture with free and blocked spreading
The mesh had a clear dimension of 2.8 × 2.8 mm with a wire diameter of 0.3 × 0.3 mm (Fig. 4). Control mixtures were made with melts of 25.0; 26.5; 28.2 and 29.8 cm. As a result of the experiments, it was found that with an increase in the fluidity of the mixture, the ratio of the diameters of free dc and blocked flow db decreases. On fig. 5 shows the change in dc/dbotdc.
Rice. 5 Change dc/db from free spread dc
As follows from the figure, the difference in mixture spreads dc and db disappears at fluidity characterized by a free spread of 29.8 cm. At dc.= 28.2, the spread through the mesh decreases by 5%. Particularly large deceleration during spreading through the mesh is experienced by a mixture with a spread of 25 cm.
In this regard, when using mesh frames with a cell size of 3–3 mm, it is necessary to use mixtures with a spread of at least 28–30 cm.
Physical and technical properties of dispersed-reinforced powder concrete, reinforced by 1% by volume with steel fibers with a diameter of 0.15 mm and a length of 6 mm, are presented in table 2
Table 2.
Physical and technical properties of powder concrete on a binder of low water demand using domestic SP S-3
According to foreign data, with 3% reinforcement, the compressive strength reaches 180–200 MPa, and with axial tension - 8–10 MPa. Impact strength increases more than tenfold.
The possibilities of powdered concrete are far from being exhausted, given the effectiveness of hydrothermal treatment and its influence on the increase in the proportion of tobermorite, and, accordingly, xonotlite.
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Powder reaction concrete
Last update encyclopedias: 12/17/2017 - 17:30
Reactive powder concrete is concrete made from finely ground reactive materials with a grain size of 0.2 to 300 microns and is characterized by high strength (more than 120 MPa) and high water resistance.
[GOST 25192-2012. Concrete. Classification and general specifications]
Reactive powder concrete reactive powder concrete-RPC] - a composite material with high compressive strength of 200-800 MPa, bending >45 MPa, including a significant amount of highly dispersed mineral components - quartz sand, microsilica, superplasticizer, as well as steel fiber with low W / T (~0.2), using heat and moisture treatment of products at a temperature of 90-200°C.
[Usherov-Marshak A.V. Concrete science: a lexicon. M.: RIF Building Materials. - 2009. - 112 p.]
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Dissertation abstract on this topic ""
As a manuscript
FINE-GRAINED REACTION POWDER DISPERSIVE-REINFORCED CONCRETE USING ROCK
Specialty 05.23.05 - Building materials and products
The work was carried out at the department "Technologies of concrete, ceramics and binders" in the state educational institution of higher vocational education"Penza State University architecture and construction” and at the Institute of Building Materials and Constructions of the Technical University of Munich.
Scientific adviser -
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Valentina Serafimovna Demyanova
Official opponents:
Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the RAASN, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Vladimir Pavlovich Selyaev
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Oleg Vyacheslavovich Tarakanov
Leading organization - JSC "Penzastroy", Penza
The defense will take place on July 7, 2006 at 4:00 pm at a meeting of the dissertation council D 212.184.01 at the state educational institution of higher professional education "Penza State University of Architecture and Construction" at the address: 440028, Penza, st. G. Titova, 28, building 1, conference hall.
The dissertation can be found in the library of the State educational institution higher professional education "Penza State University of Architecture and Construction"
Academic Secretary of the Dissertation Council
V. A. Khudyakov
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF WORK
With a significant increase in the strength of concrete under uniaxial compression, crack resistance inevitably decreases and the risk of brittle fracture of structures increases. Dispersed reinforcement of concrete with fiber eliminates these negative properties, which makes it possible to produce concrete of classes above 80-100 with a strength of 150-200 MPa, which has a new quality - a viscous fracture pattern.
The analysis of scientific works in the field of dispersion-reinforced concretes and their production in domestic practice shows that the main orientation does not pursue the goals of using high-strength matrices in such concretes. The class of dispersed-reinforced concrete in terms of compressive strength remains extremely low and is limited to B30-B50. This does not allow to ensure good adhesion of the fiber to the matrix, to fully use the steel fiber even with low tensile strength. Moreover, in theory, concrete products with freely laid fibers with a degree of volumetric reinforcement of 59% are being developed, and in practice, concrete products are produced. Fibers under vibration exposure are shed with unplasticized "fat" high-shrink cement-sand mortars composition of cement-sand - 14-I: 2.0 at W / C = 0.4, which is extremely wasteful and repeats the level of work in 1974. Significant scientific achievements in the field of creating superplasticized VNV, microdispersed mixtures with microsilica, with reactive powders from high-strength rocks, made it possible to increase the water-reducing effect to 60% using superplasticizers of an oligomeric composition and hyperplasticizers of a polymeric composition. These achievements did not become the basis for the creation of dispersed reinforced high-strength reinforced concrete or fine-grained powder concretes from cast self-compacting mixtures. Meanwhile, advanced countries are actively developing new generations of reaction-powder concretes reinforced with dispersed fibers. Powder concrete mixes are used
for pouring molds with woven volumetric fine-mesh frames laid in them and their combination with rod reinforcement.
Reveal the theoretical prerequisites and motivations for the creation of multicomponent fine-grained powder concretes with a very dense, high-strength matrix obtained by casting at an ultra-low water content, providing the production of concretes with a ductile character during destruction and high tensile strength in bending;
Reveal the structural topology of composite binders and dispersed-reinforced fine-grained compositions, obtain mathematical models of their structure to estimate the distances between the filler particles and the geometric centers of the reinforcing fibers;
To optimize the compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concrete mixtures with fiber c1 = 0.1 mm and I = 6 mm with a minimum content sufficient to increase the extensibility of concrete, the preparation technology and establish the effect of the recipe on their fluidity, density, air content, strength and others physical and technical properties of concretes.
Scientific novelty of the work.
1. Scientifically substantiated and experimentally confirmed the possibility of obtaining high-strength fine-grained cement powder concretes, including dispersed-reinforced, made from concrete mixtures without crushed stone with fine fractions of quartz sand, with reactive rock powders and microsilica, with a significant increase in the efficiency of superplasticizers up to the water content in the cast self-compacting mixture up to 10-11% (corresponding without joint venture semi-dry mixture for pressing) by weight of dry components.
4. Theoretically predicted and experimentally proved mainly through the solution diffusion-ion mechanism of hardening of composite cement binders, which increases with the increase in the content of the filler or a significant increase in its dispersion in comparison with the dispersion of cement.
5. The processes of structure formation of fine-grained powder concretes have been studied. It has been shown that powder concretes made from superplasticized cast self-compacting concrete mixtures are much denser, the kinetics of their strength increase is more intense, and the average strength is significantly higher than that of concretes without SP, pressed at the same water content under a pressure of 40-50 MPa. Criteria for evaluating the reactive-chemical activity of powders have been developed.
6. Optimized compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concrete mixtures with thin steel fiber with a diameter of 0.15 and a length of 6 mm,
the technology of their preparation, the order of introduction of the components and the duration of mixing; the influence of the composition on the fluidity, density, air content of concrete mixtures, and compressive strength of concretes has been established.
The practical significance of the work lies in the development of new cast fine-grained powder concrete mixes with fiber for pouring molds for products and structures, both without and with combined rod reinforcement. With the use of high-density concrete mixtures, it is possible to produce highly crack-resistant bent or compressed reinforced concrete structures with a ductile fracture pattern under the action of ultimate loads.
A high-density, high-strength composite matrix with a compressive strength of 120-150 MPa was obtained to increase adhesion to metal in order to use thin and short high-strength fiber with a diameter of 0.04-0.15 mm and a length of 6-9 mm, which makes it possible to reduce its consumption and flow resistance concrete mixtures for casting technology for the manufacture of thin-walled filigree products with high tensile strength in bending.
Approbation of work. The main provisions and results of the dissertation work were presented and reported at the International and All-Russian
Russian scientific and technical conferences: “Young Science for the New Millennium” (Naberezhnye Chelny, 1996), “Issues of Urban Planning and Development” (Penza, 1996, 1997, 1999), “ Contemporary Issues building materials science" (Penza, 1998), " modern building"(1998), International scientific and technical conferences" Composite building materials. Theory and practice "(Penza, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005), "Resource and energy saving as a motivation for creativity in the architectural construction process" (Moscow-Kazan, 2003), "Actual construction issues" (Saransk, 2004), "New energy and resource-saving science-intensive technologies in the production of building materials" (Penza, 2005), the All-Russian scientific and practical conference "Urban planning, reconstruction and engineering support for the sustainable development of cities in the Volga region" (Tolyatti, 2004), Academic readings of the RAASN "Achievements, problems and promising directions for the development of the theory and practice of building materials science" (Kazan, 2006).
Publications. Based on the results of the research, 27 papers were published (3 papers in journals according to the HAC list).
In the introduction, the relevance of the chosen direction of research is substantiated, the purpose and objectives of the research are formulated, and its scientific and practical significance is shown.
In the first chapter, devoted to an analytical review of the literature, an analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the use of high-quality concretes and fiber-reinforced concretes is carried out. It is shown that in foreign practice, high-strength concrete with a strength of up to 120-140 MPa began to be produced, mainly after 1990. In the past six years, broad prospects have been identified in increasing the strength of high-strength concrete from 130150 MPa and transferring them to the category of especially high-strength concrete with a strength of 210250 MPa, thanks to the heat treatment of concrete worked out over the years, which has reached a strength of 60-70 MPa.
There is a tendency to divide especially high-strength concretes according to the "grain size of the aggregate into 2 types: fine-grained stone with a maximum grain size of up to 8-16 mm and fine-grained concrete with grains of up to 0.5-1.0 mm. Both of them necessarily contain microsilica or microdehyd- ratified kaolin, powders of strong rocks, and to give concrete ductility, impact strength, crack resistance - fiber from various materials. A special group includes fine-grained powder concretes (Reaktionspulver beton-RPB or Reactive Powder Concrete) with a maximum grain size of 0.3-0.6 mm. It is shown that such concretes with an axial compressive strength of 200-250 MPa with a reinforcement coefficient of maximum 3-3.5% by volume have a tensile strength in bending up to 50 MPa. Such properties are provided, first of all, by the selection of a high-density and high-strength matrix, which makes it possible to increase adhesion to the fiber and fully utilize its high tensile strength.
The state of research and experience in the production of fiber-reinforced concrete in Russia is analyzed. Unlike foreign developments, Russian research is focused not on the use of fiber-reinforced concrete with a high-strength matrix, but on increasing the percentage of reinforcement up to 5-9% by volume in low-strength three-four-component concretes of classes B30-B50 to increase tensile strength in bending up to 17-28 MPa. All this is a repetition of the foreign experience of 1970-1976, i.e. those years when effective superplasticizers and microsilica were not used, and fiber-reinforced concrete was mainly three-component (sandy). It is recommended to manufacture fiber-reinforced concrete with Portland cement consumption of 700-1400 kg/m3, sand - 560-1400 kg/m3, fibers - 390-1360 kg/m3, which is extremely wasteful and does not take into account the progress made in the development of high-quality concretes.
An analysis of the evolution of the development of multicomponent concretes at various revolutionary stages in the appearance of special functional-determining components: fibers, superplasticizers, microsilica is carried out. It is shown that six-seven-component concretes are the basis of a high-strength matrix for the effective use of the main function of the fiber. It is these concretes that become polyfunctional.
The main motivations for the appearance of high-strength and especially high-strength reaction-powder concretes, the possibility of obtaining "record" values of water reduction in concrete mixtures, and their special rheological state are formulated. Formulated requirements for powders and
their prevalence as technogenic waste of the mining industry.
Based on the analysis, the purpose and objectives of the research are formulated.
The second chapter presents the characteristics of the materials used and describes the research methods. Raw materials of German and Russian production were used: cements CEM 1 42.5 R HS Werk Geseke, Werk Bernburg CEM 1 42.5 R, Weisenau CEM 1 42.5, Volsky PC500 DO , Starooskolsky PTS 500 TO; sand Sursky classified fr. 0.14-0.63, Balasheisky (Syzran) classified fr. 0.1-0.5 mm, Halle sand fr. 0.125-0.5 "mm; microsilica: Eikern Microsilica 940 with Si02 content> 98.0%, Silia Staub RW Fuller with Si02 content> 94.7%, BS-100 (Soda association) with ZYu2 > 98.3 %, Chelyabinsk EMC with SiO content; = 84-90%, fiber of German and Russian production with d = 0.15 mm, 7 = 6 mm with a tensile strength of 1700-3100 MPa; powders of rocks of sedimentary and volcanic origin; super - and hyperplasticizers based on naphthalene, melamine and polycarboxylate.
For the preparation of concrete mixes, a high-speed mixer from Eirich and a turbulent mixer Kaf were used. TBKiV, modern devices and equipment of German and domestic production. X-ray diffraction analysis was carried out on a Seifert analyzer, electron microscopic analysis on a Philips ESEM microscope.
The third chapter deals with the topological structure of composite binders and powder concretes, including dispersed reinforced ones. The structural topology of composite binders, in which the volume fraction of fillers exceeds the fraction of the main binder, predetermines the mechanism and rate of reaction processes. To calculate the average distances between sand particles in powdered concrete (or between Portland cement particles in highly filled binders), an elementary cubic cell with face size A and volume A3, equal to the volume of the composite, was adopted.
Taking into account the volume concentration of cement C4V, the average particle size of the cement<1ц, объёмной концентрации песка С„, и среднего размера частиц песка d„, получено:
for the center-to-center distance between cement particles in a composite binder:
Ats \u003d ^-3 / i- / b-Su \u003d 0.806 - ^-3 / 1 / ^ "(1)
for the distance between sand particles in powdered concrete:
Z / tg / 6 - St \u003d 0.806 ap-schust (2)
Taking the volume fraction of sand with a fraction of 0.14-0.63 mm in a fine-grained powder concrete mixture equal to 350-370 liters (mass flow rate of sand 950-1000 kg), the minimum average distance between the geometric centers of the particles was obtained, equal to 428-434 microns. The minimum distance between the surfaces of the particles is 43-55 microns, and with a sand size of 0.1-0.5 mm - 37-44 microns. With hexagonal packing of particles, this distance increases by the coefficient K = 0.74/0.52 = 1.42.
Thus, during the flow of the powdered concrete mixture, the size of the gap in which the rheological matrix is placed from a suspension of cement, stone flour and microsilica will vary from 43-55 microns to 61-78 microns, with a decrease in the sand fraction to 0.1 -0.5 mm matrix interlayer will vary from 37-44 microns to 52-62 microns.
Topology of dispersed fiber fibers with length / and diameter c? determines the rheological properties of concrete mixtures with fiber, their fluidity, the average distance between the geometric centers of the fibers, determines the tensile strength of reinforced concrete. Calculated average distances are used in regulatory documents, in many scientific papers on dispersed reinforcement. It is shown that these formulas are inconsistent and the calculations based on them differ significantly.
From the consideration of a cubic cell (Fig. 1) with a face length / with fibers placed in it
fibers with a diameter b/, with a total content of fiber-11 curl / V, the number of fibers on the edge is determined
P = and distance o =
taking into account the volume of all fibers Vn = fE.iL. /. dg and coefficient-Fig. 14
reinforcement factor /l = (100-l s11 s) / 4 ■ I1, the average "distance" is determined:
5 \u003d (/ - th?) / 0.113 ■ l / uc -1 (3)
Calculations 5 were made according to the formulas of Romuapdi I.R. and Mendel I.A. and according to the Mak Kee formula. The distance values are presented in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the Mek Ki formula cannot be applied. Thus, distance 5 with an increase in the volume of the cell from 0.216 cm3 (/ = 6 mm) to 1000 m3 (/ = 10000 mm) increases
melts 15-30 times at the same q, which deprives this formula of geometric and physical meaning. The Romuapdi formula can be used taking into account the coefficient 0.64. :
Thus, the obtained formula (3) from strict geometric constructions is an objective reality, which is verified by Fig. 1. Processing the results of our own and foreign studies using this formula made it possible to identify options for inefficient, essentially uneconomical reinforcement and optimal reinforcement.
Table 1
The values of the distances 8 between the geometric centers of dispersed _ fibers, calculated according to various formulas_
Diameter, s), mm B mm at various q and / according to the formulas
1=6 mm 1=6 mm For all / = 0-*"
c-0.5 c-1.0 c-3.0 c=0.5 i-1.0 c-3.0 11=0.5 ¡1=1.0 c=3.0 (1-0.5 (1-1.0 ts-3.0 (»=0.5 ts=1.0 (1*3.0
0,01 0,127 0,089 0,051 0,092 0,065 0,037 0,194 0,138 0,079 1,38 1,36 1,39 0,65 0,64 0,64
0,04 0,49 0,37 0,21 0,37 0,26 0,15 0,78 0,55 0,32 1,32 1,40 1,40 0,62 0,67 0,65
0,15 2,64 1,66 0,55 1,38 0,98 0,56 2,93 2,07 1,20 1,91 1,69 0,98 0,90 0,80 0,46
0,30 9,66 4,69 0,86 1,91 1,13 5,85 4,14 2,39 2,45 0,76 1,13 0,36
0,50 15,70 1,96 3,25 1,88 6,90 3,96 1,04 0,49
0,80 4,05 5,21 3,00 6,37 1,40 0,67
1,00 11,90 3,76 7,96
/= 10 mm /= 10 mm
0.01 0.0127 0.089 0.051 0.118 0.083 0.048 Distance values unchanged 1.07 1.07 1.06 0.65 0.67 0.72
0,04 0,53 0,37 0,21 0,44 0,33 0,19 1,20 1,12 1,10 0,68 0,67 0,65
0,15 2,28 1,51 0,82 1,67 1,25 0,72 1,36 1,21 1,14 0,78 0,73 0,68
0,30 5,84 3,51 1,76 3,35 2,51 1,45 1,74 1,40 1,21 1,70 1,13 0,74
0,50 15,93 7,60 2,43 5,58 4,19 2,41 2,85 1,81 1,01 1,63 2,27 0,61
0,80 23,00 3,77 6,70 3,86 3,43 0,98 2,01 0,59
1,00 9,47 4,83 1,96 1,18
1= 10000 mm 1= 10000 mm
0,01 0,125 0,089 0,053 3,73 0,033 0,64
0,04 0,501 0,354 0,215 14,90 0,034 0,64
0,15 1,88 1,33 0,81 37,40 0,050 0,64
0,30 3,84 2,66 1,61 56,00 0,068 0,66
0.50 6.28 4.43 2.68 112.OS 0.056 0.65
0,80 10,02 7,09 4,29 186,80 0,053 0,64
1.00 12.53 8.86 5.37 373.6С 0.033 0.64
The fourth chapter is devoted to the study of the rheological state of super-plasticized dispersed systems, powder concrete mixes (PBS) and the methodology for assessing it.
PBS should have high fluidity, ensuring complete spreading of the mixture in the molds until a horizontal surface is formed with the release of entrained air and self-compacting mixtures. Given that the concrete powder mixture for the production of fiber-reinforced concrete must have dispersed reinforcement, the flow of such a mixture should be slightly inferior to the flow of the mixture without fiber.
The concrete mixture intended for pouring molds with a three-dimensional multi-row fine-mesh woven frame with a mesh size of 2-5 mm in the clear should easily pour to the bottom of the mold through the frame, spread along the mold, providing it with the formation of a horizontal surface after filling.
To distinguish between the compared disperse systems by rheology, simple methods have been developed to evaluate the ultimate shear stress and yield.
The scheme of forces acting on a hydrometer in a superplasticized suspension is considered. If the liquid has a yield strength t0, the hydrometer is not completely immersed in it. For mn the following equation is obtained:
where ¿/ is the diameter of the cylinder; m is the mass of the cylinder; p is the density of the suspension; ^-acceleration of gravity.
The simplicity of the derivation of the equations for determining r0 at liquid equilibrium in a capillary (pipe), in the gap between two plates, on a vertical wall is shown.
The invariance of methods for determining m0 for cement, basalt, chalcedonic suspensions, PBS has been established. A set of methods determined the optimal value of t0 for PBS, equal to 5-8 Pa, which should spread well when poured into molds. It is shown that the simplest precision method for determining m is hydrometric.
The condition of spreading of the powder concrete mixture and self-leveling of its surface, under which all the irregularities of the surface of a hemispherical shape are smoothed out, is revealed. Without taking into account the forces of surface tension, at zero wetting angle of drops on the surface of the bulk liquid, t0 should be:
Te where d is the diameter of the hemispherical irregularities. The reasons for the very low yield strength and good rheotechnological properties of PBS are identified, which consist in the optimal choice of sand grain size of 0.14-0.6 mm or 0.1-0.5 mm, and its amount. This improves the rheology of the mixture compared to fine-grained sandy concretes, in which coarse sand grains are separated by thin layers of cement, which significantly increase the g and viscosity of the mixture. The influence of the type and dosage of various classes of SP on tn was revealed (Fig. 4), where 1-Woerment 794; 2-SP S-3; 3-Melment FIO. The spreadability of powder mixtures was determined by the cone from a shaking table mounted on glass. It was found that the spread of the cone should be within 25-30 cm. The spreadability decreases with an increase in the content of entrained air, the proportion of which can reach 4-5% by volume. As a result of turbulent mixing, the resulting pores are predominantly 0.51.2 mm in size and, at r0 = 5–7 Pa and a spread of 2730 cm, are able to be removed to a residual content of 2.5–3.0%. When using vacuum mixers, the content of air pores is reduced to 0.8-1.2%. The influence of the mesh obstacle on the change in the spread of the powder concrete mixture is revealed. When blocking the spreading of mixtures with a mesh ring with a diameter of 175 mm with a mesh with a clear diameter of 2.8x2.8 mm, it was found that the degree of reduction in spreading The increase in the yield strength increases significantly as the yield strength increases and as the control spread decreases below 26.5 cm. Change in the ratio of the diameters of the free c1c and blocked dis- floats from Ls, is illustrated in fig. 5. For powder concrete mixes poured into molds with woven frames, the spread should be at least 27-28 cm. The influence of the type of fiber on the decrease in the spread of dispersed reinforced mixture. ¿с, cm For the used three types ^ fibers with geometric factor equal to: 40 (si), 15 mm; 1=6 mm; //=1%), 50 (¿/= 0.3 mm; /=15 mm; zigzag c = 1%), 150 (s1- 0.04 mm; / = 6 mm - microfiber with glass coating c - 0 .7%) and the values of the control spread s1n on the change in the spread of the reinforced s1a mixture is shown in Table. 2. The strongest decrease in flowability was found in mixtures with microfiber with d = 40 µm, despite the lower percentage of reinforcement n by volume. With an increase in the degree of reinforcement, the fluidity decreases even more. With a reinforcement ratio //=2.0% fiber with<1 = 0,15 мм, расплыв смеси понизился до 18 см при контрольном расплыве 29,8 см с увеличением содержания воздуха до 5,3 %. Для восстановления расплыва до контрольного необходимо было увеличить В/Т с 0,104 до 0,12 или снизить содержание воздуха до 0,8-1%. The fifth chapter is devoted to the study of the reactive activity of rocks and the study of the properties of reaction-powder mixtures and concretes. The reactivity of rocks (Gp): quartz sand, siliceous sandstones, polymorphic modifications 5/02 - flint, chalcedony, gravel of sedimentary origin and volcanic - diabase and basalt was studied in low-cement (C:Gp = 1:9-4:4), mixture enriched with cement table 2 Control. blur<1т см с/,/г/^лри различных 1/(1 25,0 1,28 1,35 1,70 28,2 1,12 1,14 1,35 29.8 1.08 1.11 1D2 syakh (Ts:Gp). Coarse rock powders with Syd = 100–160 m2/kg and fine powders with Syo = 900–1100 m2/kg were used. It has been established that the best comparative strength indicators characterizing the reactive activity of rocks were obtained on composite low-cement mixtures of the composition C:Gp = 1:9.5 when using finely dispersed rocks after 28 days and in long periods of hardening for 1.0-1. 5 years. High strength values of 43-45 MPa were obtained on several rocks - ground gravel, sandstone, basalt, diabase. However, for powder concretes of high strength, it is necessary to use only powders from high-strength rocks. X-ray diffraction analysis established the phase composition of some rocks, both pure and samples from a mixture of cement with them. The formation of joint mineral new formations in most mixtures with such a low content of cement was not found, the presence of CjS, tobermorite, portlandite is clearly identified. The micrographs of the intermediate substance clearly show the gel-like phase of tobermorite-like calcium hydrosilicates. The main principles for selecting the composition of the RPM consisted in choosing the ratio of the true volumes of the cementing matrix and the volume of sand, which provides the best rheological properties of the mixture and maximum concrete strength. Based on the previously established middle layer x = 0.05-0.06 mm between sand particles with an average diameter dcp, the volume of the matrix, in accordance with the cubic cell and formula (2), will be: vM=(dcp+x?-7t-d3/6 = A3-x-d3/6 (6) Taking the interlayer * = 0.05 mm and dcp = 0.30 mm, the ratio Vu ¡Vp = 2 is obtained and the volumes of the matrix and sand per 1 m3 of the mixture will be equal to 666 l and 334 l, respectively. Taking the mass of sand constant and varying the ratio of cement, basalt flour, MK, water and SP, the fluidity of the mixture and the strength of concrete were determined. Subsequently, the size of the sand particles, the size of the middle layer were changed, and similar variations were made in the component composition of the matrix. The specific surface of basalt flour was taken close to that of cement, based on the conditions for filling voids in the sand with particles of cement and basalt with their predominant sizes 15-50 microns. The voids between the particles of basalt and cement were filled with MK particles with sizes of 0.1-1 μm A rational procedure for the preparation of RPBS has been developed with a strictly regulated sequence of the introduction of components, the duration of homogenization, "rest" of the mixture, and final homogenization for a uniform distribution of FA particles and dispersed reinforcement in the mixture. The final optimization of the RPBS composition was carried out at a constant content of the amount of sand with varying the content of all other components. In total, 22 compositions were made, 12 samples each, 3 of them were made on domestic cements with the replacement of polycarboxylate HP with SP S-3. In all mixtures, spreads, densities, the content of entrained air were determined, and in concrete - compressive strength after 2.7 and 28 days of normal hardening, tensile strength in bending and splitting. It was found that the spread varied from 21 to 30 cm, the content of entrained air was from 2 to 5%, and for evacuated mixtures - from 0.8 to 1.2%, the density of the mixture varied from 2390-2420 kg/m3. It was revealed that during the first minutes after pouring, namely after 1020 min, the main part of the entrained air is removed from the mixture and the volume of the mixture decreases. For better air removal, it is necessary to cover the concrete with a film that prevents the rapid formation of a dense crust on its surface. On fig. 6, 7, 8, 9 shows the effect of the type of joint venture and its dosage on the flow of the mixture and the strength of concrete at 7 and 28 days of age. The best results were obtained when using HP Woerment 794 at dosages of 1.3-1.35% err of the mass of cement and MA. It was revealed that with the optimal amount of MK = 18-20%, the fluidity of the mixture and the strength of concrete are maximum. The established patterns are preserved at the age of 28 days. FM794 FM787 C-3 Domestic joint venture has a lower reducing ability, especially when using extra pure MK grades BS - 100 and BS - 120 and When using specially made composite VNV with similar consumption of raw materials, short-term milled with C-3 Fig.7 121-137 MPa. The influence of HP dosage on the fluidity of RPBS (Fig. 7) and the strength of concrete after 7 days (Fig. 8) and 28 days (Fig. 9) was revealed. [GSCHTSNIKYAYUO [GSCHTS+MK)] 100 Rice. 8 Fig. 9 The generalized dependence of the change on the studied factors, obtained by the method of mathematical planning of experiments, with subsequent processing of data using the "Gradient" program, is approximated as: D = 100.48 - 2.36 l, + 2.30 - 21.15 - 8.51 x\ where x, is the ratio of MK / C; xs - the ratio [GP / (MC + C)] -100. In addition, based on the essence of the course of physical and chemical processes and the use of a step-by-step methodology, it was possible to significantly reduce the number of variable factors in the composition of the mathematical model without compromising its estimated quality. The sixth chapter presents the results of studying some of the physical and technical properties of concrete and their economic evaluation. The results of static tests of prisms made of powder reinforced and non-reinforced concrete are presented. It has been established that the modulus of elasticity, depending on the strength, varies within (440-^470)-102 MPa, the Poisson's ratio of non-reinforced concrete is 0.17-0.19, and for dispersed-reinforced concrete it is 0.310.33, which characterizes the viscous character behavior of concrete under load compared to brittle fracture of unreinforced concrete. The strength of concrete during splitting increases by 1.8 times. Air shrinkage of samples for non-reinforced RPB is 0.60.7 mm/m, for dispersed-reinforced it decreases by 1.3-1.5 times. Water absorption of concrete in 72 hours does not exceed 2.5-3.0%. Tests for frost resistance of powdered concrete according to the accelerated method showed that after 400 cycles of alternating freezing-thawing, the frost resistance coefficient was 0.96-0.98. All the tests carried out indicate that the operational properties of powdered concrete are high. They have proven themselves in small-section pillars of balconies instead of steel, in balcony slabs and loggias in the construction of houses in Munich. Despite the fact that dispersion-reinforced concrete is 1.5-1.6 times more expensive than ordinary concrete grades 500-600, a number of products and structures made from it are 30-50% cheaper due to a significant reduction in the volume of concrete. Production approbation in the manufacture of lintels, pile heads, manholes from dispersed-reinforced concrete at LLC Penza Concrete Concrete Plant and the production base of reinforced concrete products at CJSC Energoservice confirmed the high efficiency of using such concrete. MAIN CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Analysis of the composition and properties of dispersion-reinforced concrete produced in Russia indicates that they do not fully meet the technical and economic requirements due to the low compressive strength of concrete (M 400-600). In such three-, four- and rarely five-component concretes, not only dispersed reinforcement of high strength, but also of ordinary strength is underused. 2. Based on theoretical ideas about the possibility of achieving maximum water-reducing effects of superplasticizers in dispersed systems that do not contain coarse-grained aggregates, high reactivity of microsilica and rock powders, which jointly enhance the rheological effect of the joint venture, the creation of a seven-component high-strength fine-grained reaction-powder concrete matrix for thin and relatively short dispersed reinforcement c1 = 0.15-0.20 μm and / = 6 mm, which does not form "hedgehogs" in the manufacture of concrete and slightly reduces the fluidity of PBS. 4. The structural topology of composite binders and dispersed-reinforced concretes is revealed and their mathematical models of the structure are given. An ion-diffusion through-mortar mechanism of hardening of composite filled binders has been established. Methods for calculating the average distances between sand particles in PBS, the geometric centers of fibers in powder concrete according to various formulas and for various parameters ¡1, 1, c1 are systematized. The objectivity of the author's formula is shown in contrast to the traditionally used ones. The optimal distance and thickness of the cementing slurry layer in PBS should be within 37-44^43-55 at sand consumption of 950-1000 kg and its fractions of 0.1-0.5 and 0.140.63 mm, respectively. 5. The rheotechnological properties of dispersed-reinforced and non-reinforced PBS were established according to the developed methods. Optimal spread of PBS from a cone with dimensions t> = 100; r!= 70; A = 60 mm should be 25-30 cm. The coefficients of decrease in spreading depending on the geometrical parameters of the fiber and the decrease in the flow of PBS when blocking it with a mesh fence were revealed. It is shown that for pouring PBS into molds with volume mesh woven frames, the spread should be at least 28-30 cm. 6. A technique has been developed for assessing the reactive-chemical activity of rock powders in low-cement mixtures (C:P -1:10) in samples pressed under extrusion molding pressure. It was found that with the same activity, estimated by strength after 28 days and for long hardening jumps (1-1.5 years), when used in RPBS, preference should be given to powders from high-strength rocks: basalt, diabase, dacite, quartz. 7. The processes of structure formation of powder concretes have been studied. It has been established that cast mixes emit up to 40-50% of entrained air in the first 10-20 minutes after pouring and require coating with a film that prevents the formation of a dense crust. Mixtures begin to actively ~ seize 7-10 hours after pouring and gain strength after 1 day 30-40 MPa, after 2 days - 50-60 MPa. 8. The main experimental and theoretical principles for selecting the composition of concrete with a strength of 130-150 MPa are formulated. Quartz sand to ensure high fluidity of PBS should be fine-grained fraction 0.14-0.63 or 0.1-0.5 mm with a bulk density of 1400-1500 kg/m3 at a flow rate of 950-1000 kg/m3. The thickness of the interlayer of the suspension of cement-stone flour and MF between sand grains should be within 43-55 and 37-44 microns, respectively, with a water content and SP that ensure the spread of mixtures of 25-30 cm. The dispersion of PC and stone flour should be approximately the same , the content of MK 15-20%, the content of stone flour 40-55% by weight of cement. When varying the content of these factors, the optimal composition is selected according to the required flow of the mixture and the maximum compressive strength after 2, 7 and 28 days. 9. The compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concretes with a compressive strength of 130-150 MPa were optimized using steel fibers with a reinforcement ratio of /4=1%. Optimal technological parameters have been identified: mixing should be carried out in high-speed mixers of a special design, preferably evacuated; the sequence of loading the components and the modes of mixing, "rest", are strictly regulated. 10. The influence of the composition on the fluidity, density, air content of dispersed-reinforced PBS, on the compressive strength of concrete was studied. It was revealed that the spreadability of mixtures, as well as the strength of concrete, depend on a number of prescription and technological factors. During optimization, mathematical dependences of fluidity, strength on individual, most significant factors were established. 11. Some physical and technical properties of dispersion-reinforced concretes have been studied. It is shown that concretes with a compressive strength of 120-150 MPa have an elastic modulus of (44-47)-103 MPa, Poisson's ratio - 0.31-0.34 (0.17-0.19 for unreinforced). Air shrinkage dis- hard-reinforced concrete is 1.3-1.5 times lower than that of non-reinforced concrete. High frost resistance, low water absorption and air shrinkage testify to the high performance properties of such concretes. THE MAIN PROVISIONS AND RESULTS OF THE THESIS WORK ARE STATED IN THE FOLLOWING PUBLICATIONS 1. Kalashnikov, S-V. Development of an algorithm and software for processing asymptotic exponential dependences [Text] / C.B. Kalashnikov, D.V. Kvasov, R.I. Avdeev // Proceedings of the 29th Scientific and Technical Conference. - Penza: Publishing House of the Penza State. university architect. and building, 1996. - S. 60-61. 2. Kalashnikov, S.B. Analysis of kinetic and asymptotic dependences using the method of cyclic iterations [Text] / A.N. Bobryshev, C.B. Kalashnikov, V.N. Kozomazov, R.I. Avdeev // Vestnik RAASN. Department of Building Sciences, 1999. - Issue. 2. - S. 58-62. 3. Kalashnikov, S.B. Some methodological and technological aspects of obtaining ultrafine fillers [Text] / E.Yu. Selivanova, C.B. Kalashnikov N Composite building materials. Theory and practice: Sat. scientific Proceedings of the International scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PSNTP, 2002. - S. 307-309. 4. Kalashnikov, S.B. On the issue of assessing the blocking function of a superplasticizer on the kinetics of cement hardening [Text] / B.C. Demyanova, A.S. Mishin, Yu.S. Kuznetsov, C.B. Kalashnikov N Composite building materials. Theory and practice: Sat, scientific. Proceedings of the International scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PDNTP, 2003. - S. 54-60. 5. Kalashnikov, S.B. Evaluation of the blocking function of the superplasticizer on the kinetics of cement hardening [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, B.C. Demyanova, C.B. Kalashnikov, I.E. Ilyina // Proceedings of the annual meeting of the RAASN "Resource and energy saving as a motivation for creativity in the architectural and construction process." - Moscow-Kazan, 2003. - S. 476-481. 6. Kalashnikov, S.B. Modern ideas about self-destruction of superdense cement stone and concrete with low hair content [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, B.C. Demyanova, C.B. Kalashnikov // Bulletin. Ser. Volga regional branch of RAASN, - 2003. Issue. 6. - S. 108-110. 7. Kalashnikov, S.B. Stabilization of concrete mixtures from delamination by polymeric additives [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, B.C. Demyanova, N.M.Duboshina, C.V. Kalashnikov // Plastic masses. - 2003. - No. 4. - S. 38-39. 8. Kalashnikov, S.B. Features of the processes of hydration and hardening of cement stone with modifying additives [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, B.C. Demyanova, I.E. Ilyina, C.B. Kalashnikov // Izvestia Vuzov. Construction, - Novosibirsk: 2003. - No. 6 - S. 26-29. 9. Kalashnikov, S.B. On the issue of assessing shrinkage and shrinkage crack resistance of cement concrete modified with ultrafine fillers [Text] / B.C. Demyanova, Yu.S. Kuznetsov, IO.M. Bazhenov, E.Yu. Minenko, C.B. Kalashnikov // Composite building materials. Theory and practice: Sat. scientific Proceedings of the International scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PSNTP, 2004. - S. 10-13. 10. Kalashnikov, S.B. Reactive activity of silicite rocks in cement compositions [Text] / B.C. Demyanova, C.B. Kalashnikov, I.A. Eliseev, E.V. Podrezova, V.N. Shindin, V.Ya. Marusentsev // Composite building materials. Theory and practice: Sat. scientific Proceedings of the International scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PDNTP, 2004. - S. 81-85. 11. Kalashnikov, S.B. On the theory of hardening of composite cement binders [Text] / C.V. Kalashnikov, V.I. Kalashnikov // Proceedings of the international scientific and technical conference "Actual issues of construction". - Saransk, 2004. -S. 119-124. 12. Kalashnikov, S.B. Reaction activity of crushed rocks in cement compositions [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, B.C. Demyanova, Yu.S. Kuznetsov, C.V. Kalashnikov // Izvestia. TulGU. Series "Building materials, structures and facilities". - Tula. -2004. - Issue. 7. - S. 26-34. 13. Kalashnikov, S.B. On the theory of hydration of composite cement and slag binders [Text] / V.I. Kalashnikov, Yu.S. Kuznetsov, V.L. Khvastunov, C.B. Kalashnikov and Vestnik. Series of building sciences. - Belgorod: - 2005. - No. 9-S. 216-221. 14. Kalashnikov, S.B. Multicomponent as a factor in ensuring the polyfunctional properties of concrete [Text] / Yu.M. Bazhenov, B.C. Demyanova, C.B. Kalashnikov, G.V. Lukyanenko. V.N. Grinkov // New energy- and resource-saving science-intensive technologies in the production of building materials: Sat. articles of inter-dunar. scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PSNTP, 2005. - S. 4-8. 15. Kalashnikov, S.B. Impact strength of high-strength dispersion-reinforced concrete [Text] / B.C. Demyanova, C.B. Kalashnikov, G.N. Kazina, V.M. Trostyansky // New energy- and resource-saving science-intensive technologies in the production of building materials: Sat. articles of the international scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PSNTP, 2005. - S. 18-22. 16. Kalashnikov, S.B. Topology of mixed binders with fillers and the mechanism of their hardening [Text] / Jurgen Schubert, C.B. Kalashnikov // New energy- and resource-saving science-intensive technologies in the production of building materials: Sat. articles of the international scientific and technical conference. - Penza: PDNTP, 2005. - S. 208-214. 17. Kalashnikov, S.B. Fine-grained powder dispersion-reinforced concrete [Text] I V.I. Kalashnikov, S.B. Kalashnikov // Achievements. Problems and perspective directions of development. Theory and practice of building materials science. Tenth academic readings of RAASN. - Kazan: Publishing House of the Kazan State. arch.-builder. un-ta, 2006. - S. 193-196. 18. Kalashnikov, S.B. Multicomponent dispersion-reinforced concrete with improved performance properties [Text] / B.C. Demyanova, C.B. Kalashnikov, G.N. Kazina, V.M. Trostyansky // Achievements. Problems and perspective directions of development. Theory and practice of building materials science. Tenth academic readings of RAASN. - Kazan: Publishing House of the Kazan State. arch.-builder. un-ta, 2006.-p. 161-163. Kalashnikov Sergei Vladimirovich FINE-GRAINED REACTION POWDER DISPERSIVE-REINFORCED CONCRETE USING ROCK 05.23.05 - Building materials and products Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences Signed for printing 5.06.06 Format 60x84/16. Offset paper. Risograph printing. Uch. ed. l. one . Circulation 100 copies. Order no.114 _ Publishing house PGUAS. Printed in the operational printing shop of PGUAS. 440028. Penza, st. G. Titov, 28. 4 INTRODUCTION. CHAPTER 1 MODERN VIEWS AND BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OBTAINING HIGH-QUALITY POWDER CONCRETE. 1.1 Foreign and domestic experience in the use of high-quality concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete. 1.2 The multicomponent nature of concrete as a factor in ensuring functional properties. 1.3 Motivation for the emergence of high-strength and extra-high-strength reaction-powder concretes and fiber-reinforced concretes. 1.4 High reactivity of dispersed powders is the basis for obtaining high-quality concretes. CONCLUSIONS ON CHAPTER 1. CHAPTER 2 INITIAL MATERIALS, RESEARCH METHODS, INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT. 2.1 Characteristics of raw materials. 2.2 Research methods, instruments and equipment. 2.2.1 Technology of preparation of raw materials and assessment of their reactive activity. 2.2.2 Technology for the manufacture of powder concrete mixes and me Tody of their tests. 2.2.3 Research methods. Devices and equipment. CHAPTER 3 TOPOLOGY OF DISPERSIVE SYSTEMS, DISPERSIVELY REINFORCED POWDER CONCRETE AND THE MECHANISM OF THEIR HARDENING. 3.1 Topology of composite binders and mechanism of their hardening. 3.1.1 Structural and topological analysis of composite binders. 59 P 3.1.2 The mechanism of hydration and hardening of composite binders - as a result of the structural topology of the compositions. 3.1.3 Topology of dispersed-reinforced fine-grained concretes. CONCLUSIONS ON CHAPTER 3. CHAPTER 4 RHEOLOGICAL STATE OF SUPERPLASTICIZED DISPERSIVE SYSTEMS, POWDER CONCRETE MIXTURES AND THE METHODOLOGY OF ITS EVALUATION. 4.1 Development of a methodology for evaluating the ultimate shear stress and fluidity of dispersed systems and fine-grained powder concrete mixtures. 4.2 Experimental determination of the rheological properties of dispersed systems and fine-grained powder mixtures. CONCLUSIONS ON CHAPTER 4. CHAPTER 5 EVALUATION OF REACTIVE ACTIVITY OF ROCKS AND INVESTIGATION OF REACTION POWDER MIXTURES AND CONCRETE. 5.1 Reactivity of rocks mixed with cement.-■. 5.2 Principles for selecting the composition of powder dispersion-reinforced concrete, taking into account the requirements for materials. 5.3 Recipe for fine-grained powder dispersion-reinforced concrete. 5.4 Preparation of concrete mix. 5.5 Influence of compositions of powder concrete mixtures on their properties and axial compressive strength. 5.5.1 Influence of the type of superplasticizers on the spreadability of the concrete mixture and the strength of concrete. 5.5.2 Influence of superplasticizer dosage. 5.5.3 Influence of microsilica dosage. 5.5.4 Influence of the share of basalt and sand on strength. CONCLUSIONS ON CHAPTER 5. CHAPTER 6 PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE AND THEIR TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT. 6.1 Kinetic features of the formation of the strength of RPB and fibro-RPB. 6.2 Deformative properties of fiber-RPB. 6.3 Volumetric changes in powdered concrete. 6.4 Water absorption of dispersion-reinforced powder concretes. 6.5 Feasibility study and production implementation of the RPM. Relevance of the topic. Every year in the world practice of concrete and reinforced concrete production, the production of high-quality, high- and extra-high-strength concretes is rapidly increasing, and this progress has become an objective reality, due to significant savings in material and energy resources. With a significant increase in the compressive strength of concrete, crack resistance inevitably decreases and the risk of brittle fracture of structures increases. Dispersed reinforcement of concrete with fiber eliminates these negative properties, which makes it possible to produce concrete of classes above 80-100 with a strength of 150-200 MPa, which has a new quality - the viscous nature of destruction. The analysis of scientific works in the field of dispersion-reinforced concretes and their production in domestic practice shows that the main orientation does not pursue the goals of using high-strength matrices in such concretes. The class of dispersion-reinforced concrete in terms of compressive strength remains extremely low and is limited to B30-B50. This does not allow to ensure good adhesion of the fiber to the matrix, to fully use the steel fiber even with low tensile strength. Moreover, in theory, concrete products with freely laid fibers with a degree of volumetric reinforcement of 5-9% are being developed, and in practice, concrete products are produced; they are shed under the influence of vibration with unplasticized "fat" highly shrinkable cement-sand mortars of the composition: cement-sand -1: 0.4 + 1: 2.0 at W / C = 0.4, which is extremely wasteful and repeats the level of work in 1974 Significant scientific achievements in the field of creating superplasticized VNV, microdispersed mixtures with microsilica, with reactive powders from high-strength rocks, made it possible to increase the water-reducing effect to 60% using superplasticizers of oligomeric composition and hyperplasticizers of polymeric composition. These achievements did not become the basis for the creation of high-strength reinforced concrete or fine-grained powder concretes from cast self-compacting mixtures. Meanwhile, advanced countries are actively developing new generations of reaction-powder concretes reinforced with dispersed fibers, woven shed volumetric fine-mesh frames, their combination with rod or rod with dispersed reinforcement. All this determines the relevance of creating high-strength fine-grained reaction-powder, dispersed-reinforced concrete grades 1000-1500, which are highly economical not only in the construction of responsible unique buildings and structures, but also for general-purpose products and structures. The dissertation work was carried out in accordance with the programs of the Institute of Building Materials and Structures of the Technical University of Munich (Germany) and the initiative work of the Department of TBKiV PGUAS and the scientific and technical program of the Ministry of Education of Russia "Scientific research of higher education in priority areas of science and technology" under the subprogram "Architecture and construction" 2000-2004 Purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the dissertation work is to develop compositions of high-strength fine-grained reaction-powder concretes, including dispersed-reinforced concretes, using crushed rocks. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve a set of the following tasks: To reveal the theoretical prerequisites and motivations for the creation of multicomponent fine-grained powder concretes with a very dense, high-strength matrix obtained by casting at an ultra-low water content, providing the production of concretes with a ductile character during destruction and high tensile strength in bending; To reveal the structural topology of composite binders and dispersed-reinforced fine-grained compositions, to obtain mathematical models of their structure for estimating the distances between coarse filler particles and between the geometric centers of reinforcing fibers; Develop a methodology for assessing the rheological properties of water-dispersed systems, fine-grained powder dispersion-reinforced compositions; to investigate their rheological properties; To reveal the mechanism of hardening of mixed binders, to study the processes of structure formation; Establish the necessary fluidity of multi-component fine-grained powder concrete mixtures, which ensures the filling of molds with a mixture with low viscosity and ultra-low yield strength; To optimize the compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concrete mixtures with fiber d = 0.1 mm and / = 6 mm with a minimum content sufficient to increase the extensibility of concrete, the preparation technology and establish the effect of the recipe on their fluidity, density, air content, strength and others physical and technical properties of concretes. Scientific novelty of the work. 1. Scientifically substantiated and experimentally confirmed the possibility of obtaining high-strength fine-grained cement powder concretes, including dispersed-reinforced, made from concrete mixtures without crushed stone with fine fractions of quartz sand, with reactive rock powders and microsilica, with a significant increase the effectiveness of superplasticizers to the water content in the cast self-compacting mixture up to 10-11% (corresponding to semi-dry mixture for pressing without joint venture) of the mass of dry components. 2. Theoretical foundations of methods for determining the yield strength of superplasticized liquid-like disperse systems have been developed and methods for assessing the spreadability of powder concrete mixtures with free spreading and blocked with a mesh fence have been proposed. 3. The topological structure of composite binders and powder concretes, including dispersed reinforced ones, was revealed. Mathematical models of their structure are obtained, which determine the distances between coarse particles and between the geometric centers of fibers in the body of concrete. 4. Theoretically predicted and experimentally proven mainly through the solution diffusion-ion mechanism of hardening of composite cement binders, which increases with the increase in the content of the filler or a significant increase in its dispersion in comparison with the dispersion of cement. 5. The processes of structure formation of fine-grained powder concretes have been studied. It is shown that powder concretes made from superplasticized cast self-compacting concrete mixtures are much denser, the kinetics of their strength increase is more intense, and the standard strength is significantly higher than concretes without SP, pressed at the same water content under a pressure of 40-50 MPa. Criteria for evaluating the reactive-chemical activity of powders have been developed. 6. The compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concrete mixtures with fine steel fiber 0.15 in diameter and 6 mm long, the technology of their preparation, the sequence of introduction of components and the duration of mixing have been optimized; the influence of the composition on the fluidity, density, air content of concrete mixtures, and compressive strength of concrete has been established. 7. Some physical and technical properties of dispersed-reinforced powder concretes and the main regularities of the influence of various prescription factors on them have been studied. The practical significance of the work lies in the development of new cast fine-grained powder concrete mixes with fiber for pouring molds for products and structures, both without and with combined rod reinforcement or without fiber for pouring molds with ready-made volumetric woven fine-mesh frames. With the use of high-density concrete mixtures, it is possible to produce highly crack-resistant bent or compressed reinforced concrete structures with a ductile fracture pattern under the action of ultimate loads. A high-density, high-strength composite matrix with a compressive strength of 120-150 MPa was obtained to increase adhesion to metal in order to use a thin and short high-strength fiber 0 0.040.15 mm and a length of 6-9 mm, which makes it possible to reduce its consumption and resistance to flow of concrete mixtures for casting technologies for the manufacture of thin-walled filigree products with high tensile strength in bending. New types of fine-grained powder dispersion-reinforced concretes expand the range of high-strength products and structures for various types of construction. The raw material base of natural fillers from screenings of stone crushing, dry and wet magnetic separation during the extraction and enrichment of ore and non-metallic minerals has been expanded. The economic efficiency of the developed concretes consists in a significant reduction in material consumption by reducing the cost of concrete mixtures for the manufacture of high-strength products and structures. Implementation of research results. The developed compositions have passed production testing at Penza Concrete Concrete Plant LLC and at the precast concrete production base of Energoservice CJSC and are used in Munich in the manufacture of balcony supports, slabs and other products in housing construction. Approbation of work. The main provisions and results of the dissertation work were presented and reported at the International and All-Russian scientific and technical conferences: "Young science - the new millennium" (Naberezhnye Chelny, 1996), "Issues of planning and urban development" (Penza, 1996, 1997, 1999 d), “Modern problems of building materials science” (Penza, 1998), “Modern construction” (1998), International scientific and technical conferences “Composite building materials. Theory and practice "(Penza, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005), “Resource and energy saving as a motivation for creativity in the architectural construction process” (Moscow-Kazan, 2003), “Actual issues of construction” (Saransk, 2004), “New energy and resource-saving high-tech technologies in the production of building materials "(Penza, 2005), the All-Russian scientific and practical conference "Urban planning, reconstruction and engineering support for the sustainable development of cities in the Volga region" (Tolyatti, 2004), Academic readings of the RAASN "Achievements, problems and promising directions development of the theory and practice of building materials science” (Kazan, 2006). Publications. Based on the results of the research, 27 papers were published (2 papers in journals according to the HAC list). Structure and scope of work. The dissertation work consists of an introduction, 6 chapters, main conclusions, applications and a list of used literature of 160 titles, presented on 175 pages of typewritten text, contains 64 figures, 33 tables. 1. Analysis of the composition and properties of dispersed reinforced concrete produced in Russia indicates that they do not fully meet the technical and economic requirements due to the low compressive strength of concrete (M 400-600). In such three-, four- and rarely five-component concretes, not only dispersed reinforcement of high strength, but also of ordinary strength, is underused. 2. Based on theoretical ideas about the possibility of achieving maximum water-reducing effects of superplasticizers in dispersed systems that do not contain coarse-grained aggregates, high reactivity of silica fume and rock powders, which jointly enhance the rheological effect of the joint venture, the creation of a seven-component high-strength fine-grained reaction-powder concrete matrix for thin and relatively short dispersed reinforcement d = 0.15-0.20 μm and / = 6 mm, which does not form "hedgehogs" in the manufacture of concrete and slightly reduces the fluidity of PBS. 3. It is shown that the main criterion for obtaining high-density PBS is the high fluidity of a very dense cementing mixture of cement, MK, rock powder and water, provided by the addition of SP. In this regard, a methodology has been developed for assessing the rheological properties of disperse systems and PBS. It has been established that high fluidity of PBS is ensured at a limiting shear stress of 5-10 Pa and a water content of 10-11% of the mass of dry components. 4. The structural topology of composite binders and dispersed-reinforced concretes is revealed and their mathematical models of the structure are given. An ion-diffusion through-mortar mechanism of hardening of composite filled binders has been established. Methods for calculating the average distances between sand particles in PBS, the geometric centers of the fiber in powder concrete are systematized according to various formulas and for various parameters //, /, d. The objectivity of the author's formula is shown in contrast to the traditionally used ones. The optimal distance and thickness of the cementing slurry layer in PBS should be within 37-44 + 43-55 microns at a sand consumption of 950-1000 kg and its fractions of 0.1-0.5 and 0.14-0.63 mm, respectively. 5. The rheotechnological properties of dispersed-reinforced and non-reinforced PBS were established according to the developed methods. Optimal spread of PBS from a cone with dimensions D = 100; d=70; h = 60 mm should be 25-30 cm. The coefficients of decrease in spreading depending on the geometrical parameters of the fiber and the decrease in the flow of PBS when blocking it with a mesh fence were revealed. It is shown that for pouring PBS into molds with volumetric mesh woven frames, the spread should be at least 28-30 cm. 6. A technique has been developed for assessing the reactive-chemical activity of rock powders in low-cement mixtures (C:P - 1:10) in samples pressed under extrusion molding pressure. It has been established that with the same activity, estimated by strength after 28 days and during long hardening jumps (1-1.5 years), preference when used in RPBS should be given to powders from high-strength rocks: basalt, diabase, dacite, quartz. 7. The processes of structure formation of powder concretes have been studied. It has been established that cast mixes emit up to 40-50% of entrained air in the first 10-20 minutes after pouring and require coating with a film that prevents the formation of a dense crust. Mixtures begin to actively set 7-10 hours after pouring and gain strength after 1 day 30-40 MPa, after 2 days - 50-60 MPa. 8. The main experimental and theoretical principles for selecting the composition of concrete with a strength of 130-150 MPa are formulated. Quartz sand to ensure high fluidity of PBS should be fine-grained fraction 0.14-0.63 or 0.1-0.5 mm with a bulk density of 1400-1500 kg/m3 at a flow rate of 950-1000 kg/m. The thickness of the interlayer of suspension of cement-stone flour and MF between sand grains should be in the range of 43-55 and 37-44 microns, respectively, with the content of water and SP, providing the spread of mixtures of 2530 cm. The dispersion of PC and stone flour should be approximately the same, the content MK 15-20%, the content of stone flour is 40-55% by weight of cement. When varying the content of these factors, the optimal composition is selected according to the required flow of the mixture and the maximum compressive strength after 2.7 and 28 days. 9. The compositions of fine-grained dispersed-reinforced concretes with a compressive strength of 130-150 MPa were optimized using steel fibers with a reinforcement coefficient // = 1%. Optimal technological parameters have been identified: mixing should be carried out in high-speed mixers of a special design, preferably evacuated; the sequence of loading the components and the modes of mixing, "rest", are strictly regulated. 10. The influence of the composition on the fluidity, density, air content of dispersed-reinforced PBS, on the compressive strength of concrete was studied. It was revealed that the spreadability of mixtures, as well as the strength of concrete, depend on a number of prescription and technological factors. During optimization, mathematical dependences of fluidity, strength on individual, most significant factors were established. 11. Some physical and technical properties of dispersed reinforced concretes have been studied. It is shown that concretes with a compressive strength of 120l 150 MPa have a modulus of elasticity (44-47) -10 MPa, Poisson's ratio -0.31-0.34 (0.17-0.19 - for unreinforced). Air shrinkage of dispersion-reinforced concrete is 1.3-1.5 times lower than that of unreinforced concrete. High frost resistance, low water absorption and air shrinkage testify to the high performance properties of such concretes. 12. Production approbation and feasibility study testify to the need to organize production and widely introduce fine-grained reaction-powder dispersed-reinforced concrete into construction. 1. Aganin S.P. 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Conclusion dissertation on the topic "Fine-grained reaction-powder dispersed-reinforced concretes using rocks"
Bibliography Kalashnikov, Sergey Vladimirovich, dissertation on the topic Building materials and products
