Nurieva D.

The purpose of the project is to study, collect and systematize information about fresh waters and their protection. The author of the project decided to show the contribution of schoolchildren to the protection of fresh water, analyze the information received and identify the possibility of maintaining the purity of our river. As part of the project, drinking water quality was monitored.

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Municipal educational institution

Ajim village secondary school

Malmyzhsky district of the Kirov region

Let's save water together

Work completed

Nurieva Dinara

Supervisor

Biology teacher

And chemistry

Voronina L. A.

Ajim 2011

Introduction………………………………………….……………………..………...
Chapter I 1.1. "Ecology - safety - life" 1.2. The history of the water arteries of our settlement……………....………………
Chapter II. Surface water quality assessment……………..…………………………….
Conclusion. ………………………...………………………………………........
Prospects…………………………………………………………...………...
Bibliography………………………………………………………………
Applications……………………………………………….………………….…..

1. Introduction.

All the guys we are on big trips

We will be able to captivate with a ringing song.

Vigilantly protect our nature -

This is the Motherland, it means to protect.

(M. Andronov)

The author of the environmental water protection project “Let's Save Water Together” lives in the village of Adzhim, Malmyzhsky District, Kirov Region. People who come to visit note that our area is distinguished not only by beauty, but also by cleanliness. But many city dwellershave lost the opportunity of environmentally competent communication with nature, which leads to air, soil, and inland water pollution.

"Protect your native nature!" How often do we hear these words! But do we think about the meaning of these words? Not always! And how much concern for the future is invested in this call! Native nature is not only a source of clean air and environmentally friendly products, but also the beauty and soul of the Motherland.

Participating in the annual environmental operation "Our Home is the Earth", we paid special attention to water bodies, identified the main sources of pollution of the Adzhimka River and its tributaries. The most significant sources of pollution are as follows:

1. Municipal sewage, which contain large amounts of surfactants (detrimental to flora and fauna), organic matter (its decomposition causes oxygen deficiency and the reservoir dies).

2. Agricultural runoff from livestock farms, washouts from fertilizer and pesticide fields.

3. Atmospheric and melt waters carry anthropogenic pollutants washed out of the atmosphere, especially during the spring flood.

And since the human need for fresh water is 80% satisfied by river runoff, we are faced with problem associated with the protection of natural waters.

We were interested in the history of the Adzhimka River and the legends associated with it, what is the ecological state of the Adzhimka River, springs - tributaries that feed it? All this speaks of relevance topics that are of interest to the author as a researcher.

Thus, it was set goal - to study, collect and systematize information about fresh waters and their protection.

object research is such a phenomenon as the loss of significance of nature protection against the background of the predatory use of nature.

Subject of study: the contribution of schoolchildren to the protection of fresh waters of the Adzhim settlement.

Project tasks:

Involve students in specific activities to preserve and improve the environment;

Show a complete and detailed picture of the contribution of schoolchildren to the protection of fresh waters in the Adzhim settlement;

Analyze the information received and identify the possibility of maintaining the purity of fresh water through other activities (prospects for the project).

Chapter I

1.1.

Chinese wisdom says:

"If you think you need

go, you are already going."

If we protect our native nature, each to the best of our abilities and abilities, then from our small efforts a mighty river of counteraction to the soulless and destructive human activity will be born! You can not adhere to the principle "After us, even a flood!".

In connection with the deterioration of the environmental situation in Russia, days of protection from environmental hazards are held annually under the motto "Ecology - Safety - Life". And we are actively involved in the environmental operation "Earth is Our Home", which consists of several events. Ecological actions: "Clean yard", " Pure water», « Fresh air" and others. Landscaping and landscaping of memorable and memorial places, holding ecological subbotniks. Cleaning the banks of reservoirs and channels of small rivers and streams. Identification and elimination of unauthorized dumps, as well as participation in environmental competitions and expeditions.

1.2.

And what is this place where we were born? This question arises before each of us, and we decided to collect the legends associated with the springs of our area.

The Adzhimka River is a right tributary of the Vyatka River. It originates far outside the Adzhimsky settlement in the forest near the former settlement of Mikheevo(ATTACHMENT 1).

The legend of the Holy Key was heard by many, as a result of searching for a written source, it turned out that this legend is described in research work Nikulina Marina and on the Internet(APPENDIX 2).

The Markov Klyuch River is named after Marushka, a man who lived at the end of the village of Isaevo, not far from the source of this spring. The river itself is shallow, but with a steep left bank and a gentle right bank. This river is rich in many good springs that feed the river clean water. Thanks to the springs, the river does not freeze in winter. And the villagers use the keys and the river for domestic needs.

Such a fact is interesting. There are a lot of springs in our settlement, and the village of Adzhim is surrounded by springs from four directions of the world. From the south - the Holy Key, in the east on the left bank of the river. Adzhimka - Isaevsky spring, in the north - Kuchansky spring, in the west - a spring, which is located between Adzhim and the Upper Village.

The surface waters of ponds, the Adzhimka River and its tributaries are used for economic purposes, as a place for recreation and fishing.

Chapter II.

There are two large ponds on the Adzhimka River - in the Upper Village and in Adzhima. These ponds were built a long time ago, and their ecological condition is poor. In Ajima, the pond was lowered, but never cleaned, and in the Upper Village, the pond was not lowered, not even once. The water in the ponds is already stagnant - the spring flood is not enough to clean it. Ponds begin to “bloom and smell” in the summer, fish caught in the pond sometimes smells like a swamp. The upper reaches of the ponds are more and more covered with silt and sand every year, and also overgrown with willow and cattail. Many water lilies used to grow on the old pond in the Upper Village. Now you can't find them anywhere. But on the other hand, herons began to fly here every spring in the spring. On the bank of the river Adzhimka in the thickets of cattail, wild ducks breed chicks for more than three years. In Ajima, a couple of white swans even stopped for the night on the pond in 2005, in 2009 - several white swans(APPENDIX 3) , and in 2010 a pair of black swans stopped.

The author of the project became interested in what the schoolchildren of the Adzhimsky settlement had done, and what personal contribution he could make to the study andpreservation of unique sources fresh water our area. Thus, indirectly, the project participants are all students of the secondary school with. Adzhim and Nuriyeva Dinara, a student of the 8th grade, under the guidance of a teacher of biology and chemistry Voronina L.A.

Stages of work:

The first stage (May - October 2010) - study of the problem, literature. Ma lot of information was given by the school museum with. Adjim, literary sources. The author learned about the features of the inland waters of the Malmyzhsky district, summarized data on the use of fresh water by the population, revealed which environmental activities schoolchildren participate in, what environmental problems exist in the waters of our area.

Work with literature, in the school museum of the MOU SOSH p. Adjim, meetings with interesting people allowed me to learn a lot about the research topic.

The second stage (November-December 2010) - collection of information and systematization of the received materials, description of the role of schoolchildren in the protection of fresh water, analysis of the information received, evaluation of the result of work on the research topic.

The third stage (January 2010) - generalization and summing up, conclusion.

The fourth stage (February 2011) is the preparation and presentation of the presentation.

The fifth stage (March-April 2011) is the completion of the project and reflection.

In the process of working on the project, work was carried out with the literature available in the funds of the school library, with the Internet, with material and written sources of the school museum of local lore, with oral sources - memorials of the inhabitants of the Adzhim settlement. Thus, written sources and photographs were collected and created, confirming the stated facts.

Having worked with the written sources of the school museum, having talked with the senior counselor Prosviryakova Lyudmila Mikhailovna, we got acquainted with the monitoring data of the ecological state of the fresh waters of the river. Adzhimka, which is held annually at local history lessons.

The water we consume must be clean and not detrimental to health.

While monitoring within the framework of the project, we decided to determine the quality of surface waters.

There are basic indicators of drinking water quality. They can be conditionally divided into groups:

1. Organoleptic indicators (smell, taste, color, turbidity).
2. Toxicological indicators (aluminum, lead, arsenic, phenols, pesticides).
3. Indicators affecting the organoleptic properties of water (pH (acidity), total hardness, petroleum products, iron, manganese, nitrates, calcium, magnesium, permanganate oxidizability, sulfides).
4. Chemical substances formed during water treatment (residual free chlorine, chloroform, silver).
5. Microbiological indicators (thermotolerant coliforms or E.coli, TMC).

By monitoring organoleptic indicatorsspring, river and melt waterwe useda scale for determining the smell of water and a scale for the taste of drinking water(APPENDIX 4).

The quality of water is determined by the presence of chemical inclusions in it, which are the first to be detected by our senses: smell, sight. So, for example, copper microparticles give water some turbidity, iron - redness.

1. Determination of pH with a universal indicator.
2. Determination of sulfates.
3. Determination of the concentration of active chlorine in free and bound forms.
4. Determination of copper ions.
5. Determination of organic substances in water.
6. Determination of the concentration of the nitrate anion.

In 2009, our rural settlement was included in the state program "Clean water - in every home." Water from three springs, except for the Holy one, will be supplied to our homes already in 2011 under this project. The head of the Adzhimsky settlement Khairutdinova Rimma Mudarisovna provided information on the quality of spring waters. She said that as part of the inclusion in the state program "Clean Water - in Every Home", an examination was repeatedly carried out ground water and aboutintroduced us to the results of laboratory studies of water from springs No. 2 (at the end of Adjima), No. 3 (Kuchansky spring), No. 5 (Isaevsky spring). We have learned the following. Microbiological studies from 12/15/2010 showed that according to the studied microbiological indicators, water samples correspond to SanPiN 2.1.4.1074 - 01. The water in them is odorless, tasteless, transparent, hardness is below the permissible standard. According to the laboratory test protocol, there are no bacteria and spores in the spring water, which meets the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02

Conclusion.

Involving students in the environmental operation "Earth is Our Home", we carried out the following environmental actions:

• The action "Let's clean the planet from garbage" - we carry out ecological landings to clean up the area around the school(APPENDIX 11 ), improvement of the microdistrict of the village, nearby territories of the Adzhimka River and its tributaries ( APPENDIX 12) , which contributes to the preservation and purity of the waters of our area.
• Campaign "Green outfit for the village":

Making flower beds on school grounds(APPENDIX 13) ;

We participate in the expansion of landings apple orchard around the school grounds

A birch alley of memory was laid in honor of the 60th anniversary of the Great Victory;

On the right bank of the Adzhimka, 3,000 pine seedlings were planted, which over time will contribute to the purification of air and water.

• Campaign "Save water together":

We carry out monitoring, examining the ecological state of the Adzhimka River(APPENDIX 14);

We conduct expeditions to clean up the springs of the Adzhimka River(APPENDIX 15) ;

We participate in an essay competition, write poems about our native land(APPENDIX 16 ), taking prizes in competitions of various levels.

We explore the quality of drinking water and its savings in the classroom, the subject of local history.

The expected result of this action is that data on the properties of water in the Adzhimka River will be collected and systematized in order to monitor changes in water quality for better or worse.

2. By monitoring the quality of surface waters, we obtained the following results:

1. Determination of odor intensity

Odor intensity	The nature of the odor	Odor Intensity Rating	Water
			river	thawed	key
Not	The smell is not felt
Very weak	The smell is not immediately felt, but is detected upon careful examination (when water is heated)
Weak	The smell is noticeable if you pay attention to it
Noticeable	The smell is easily noticed and causes disapproval of the water
distinct	The smell attracts attention and makes you refrain from drinking
Very strong	The smell is so strong that it makes the water unusable

II. Determination of the nature of the smell.

The nature of the smell natural origin	Water
	river	thawed	key
Indistinct or missing
Earthy
Putrefactive
moldy
Peat
Grassy
Other (please specify)

III. Chromaticity definition

Water color	Water
	river	thawed	key
slightly yellowish
light yellowish
yellow
intense yellow
brownish
slightly cloudy
muddy
Very cloudy

As the study showed, river and melt water are polluted.

Spring water is not polluted and is suitable for use. Water has favorable organoleptic properties:

transparent;

colorless;

Has no smell and taste;

Has a refreshing effect.

3. After analyzing the water quality in terms of chemical indicators, we obtained the following results. The water of all three samples generally complies with the GOST standards ( Appendix 17).

Project prospects.

Nature needs human protection, our help. Why has the problem of nature conservation become so important and necessary? But because if we do not immediately help nature, it will die. Nature conservation is a matter not only for adults, but also for us children.

Project outlook:

To expand knowledge about the ecological state of the waters of our area through a system of monitoring studies.

Install signs in places of protected objects of nature;

Create from among the students the association "Blue Patrol", the purpose of which is the protection and protection of water bodies.

Work on assigning the status of a natural monument "Hydrological monument - springs of Adzhimka".

Bibliography.

1. The study of the geography of the Kirov region in the course of physical geography. (Methodological recommendations for teachers of geography). - Kirov, 1989
2. Journal of Biology at School, 2004, 6, p. 65-69.

3. V.I.Kolchanov, A.M. Prokashev et al. “Nature, economy, ecology

Kirov region, Kirov, 1996.

1. Nature of the Kirov region. - Kirov. 1999. - 256 pages + two tabs.
2. Ecology of the native land / Ed. T.Ya. Ashikhmina. - Kirov: Vyatka, 1996. - 720 p. + tab.
3. http://www. 080DE.RU Methods for express analysis of drinking water quality.
4. http:// www.septech.ru/State standard of the USSR. Drinking water. Hygienic requirements and quality control GOST 2874-82

Most Russians, when paying for utilities, are faced with the fact that, according to the receipt, the water bill is higher than other payments. As a result, many housewives clutch their heads, not knowing what to do. High utility bills hit the pocket of the family budget. The main water-consuming appliances are considered to be a toilet bowl, a bathtub, a washing machine, a heating boiler, a dishwasher, and heated floors. Consider current ways to save, give practical recommendations.

Method number 1. Saving water in the toilet

The toilet is rightfully considered the leader among other water-consuming devices. You will notice that by saving water in this room, the costs will be significantly reduced.

1. Pay attention to whether the toilet has smudges at the joints with other units. If you find any, fix the problem immediately. In terms of fluid flow, such defects can be compared with an open tap.
2. Leading manufacturers have taken care of saving water in the toilet room. They have developed a toilet flush that is controlled by two buttons. The first lowers the tank completely, the second only half. Take advantage of this.
3. There is another simple way to save money. Reduce the volume of the barrel with liter bottle with water. Fill the container with liquid and place in the toilet cavity. The tank will fill up faster, which means that the water consumption will be significantly less.

Method number 2. Saving water in the bathroom and shower

1. When people are hygienic, the priority is to save hot, not hot. cold water. To achieve maximum results, you need to exclude frequent bathing in the bath. Give preference to the shower, as the water consumption in this case is significantly reduced.
2. During water procedures with an average pressure, approximately 13-14 liters are consumed. fluids per minute. A shower lasting a quarter of an hour consumes much less water than a full bath. There are also many shower heads on the faucet, which, in turn, are designed to save water. Installing a lotion will reduce the flow rate to 5-6 liters per minute. The principle of operation of the nozzle is quite simple: water is dispersed inside the device, so the process does not deteriorate.
3. Install a single-lever faucet that mixes 2 streams of water (hot and cold) at once, minimizing consumption. Clearly place a reminder about saving water in the house. This will serve as a constant reminder for households, who often do not seek to save family money (the younger generation).
4. Don't forget to turn off the water when you're not using it. This should be done at the time of brushing your teeth, shaving, rinsing your mouth, scrubbing, etc. cosmetic procedures. If we talk about indicators, the listed methods can save up to 12 cubic meters of water per year.

Method number 3. Economical water consumption when cooking and washing dishes

1. Housewives wash dishes every day, in this case, saving is an important aspect hot water. For instance, dishwashers, despite their impressive size, allow you to save fluid consumption up to 13 times. For manual washing, about 50 liters are required, and when using a dishwasher, only 15 liters are required with a considerable amount of dishes.
2. There is also a special nozzle on the faucet that separates and sprays water, mixes with air, thereby reducing consumption. Try to wash the dishes in two stages: first of all, thoroughly lather the dishes and remove the remnants of food in a separate basin or more often. Then thoroughly rinse the soap solution under a thin stream of water.
3. For the use of purified water, it is suitable to install a filter directly on the faucet itself. The method is considered much more effective than in the case of a separate jug. In the process of cooking, peel all the necessary vegetables at once, then wash them in one fell swoop.

Method number 4. Reduced water consumption for cleaning and laundry

1. When washing clothes, try to load the maximum number of things. Reduce your wet cleaning schedule to a minimum. Choose shorter programs on the machine (about 15 or 30 minutes), they should be suitable for the type of product (silk, cotton, wool, linen, etc.).
2. As mentioned earlier, when the faucet is open, more than 12 liters of water flows per minute. When cleaning the apartment, do not forget about this aspect. Turn off the tap every time you rinse the cloths. In a month, you will clearly see how the cost of water has decreased according to the issued receipts.
3. Pay attention to whether there are pump rooms / wells near the place where you live. Use additional sources of water, do not neglect them. Such a move will help you clean up at no additional cost. Few people know, but well water in most cases is much better than the well-known bottled water.
4. People living in private homes should pay attention to rainfall. As a rule, the device is installed under the roof. When there is a lot of precipitation, accumulate it in buckets or tanks. After that, water the plants with rainwater or use a rough car wash.

Method number 5. Saving water with water meters

1. In order to save water with meters installed in the apartment, it is important to identify the number of registered citizens and the number of people living in fact in a particular room. As a rule, the installation of water meters is considered illogical if a large family lives in the apartment, which is not registered here.
2. Depending on the type of building, there are about 175 liters per inhabitant. per day, which is equivalent to 525 liters. liquids for a family of 3 people. For this reason, the installation of water meters is unprofitable if the dwelling is used for rent to tenants (tenants).
3. Water savings will be significant only if, for example, 5 people are registered in the apartment, but in fact there are three. If you decide to install meters, before the procedure, calculate the actual expense per person, only then make a decision.
4. If the two of you have about 150 liters. per day, it makes sense to install water meters. Such a move will significantly save the family budget, because, in fact, about 175 liters are allocated per resident. water

Method number 6. Save water by checking for leaks

1. If you have come to the decision to save water, the first thing to do is to check for leaks. Inspect all plumbing and plumbing lines for visible damage.
2. Turn off regular taps in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet. Use a water indicator to check fluid movement: if there is no leak, it will stay still.
3. Record the water meter reading and limit fluid use for a while. If the indicators match, this indicates that the plumbing units are intact.
4. Experiment with dye. Pour the powder into the toilet tank: if after 30 minutes paint appears on the inner wall of the product, there is a leak in the device. In this case, the water consumption increases by 50 liters per month.
5. When it comes time to pay your bills, always ask your utility workers if their prices have gone up. This way you can make the right decisions about saving water.

The issue of saving water in an apartment and a house has always been relevant. The most expensive are the bathroom and toilet room, in second place is the kitchen faucet. Use special nozzles and single-lever mixers, try changing the design of the counter or installing a magnet on it. Agree with households that from now on, saving water is a priority for you.

Video: how to save water at home

Water as a resource on Earth is beginning to deplete.

Already, about 500 million people around the world suffer from scarcity or acute shortage of fresh water. This is every 14th person! And by 2050, according to experts, this problem will affect 4 billion people, which by then will mean that the issue of lack of clean drinking water will affect every second person on Earth!

But each of us, without nodding at the other, right today can help our planet not to suffer from thirst. How? With the help of simple things that should become a habit with us.

1. Turn off the faucet when brushing your teeth.

It would seem a simple thing, but about 15 liters of water are saved. Which is wasted flowing into the sewer. Who does not believe - check.

Your personal result for the year: saving 11,000 liters of water.

the amount of water saved will be two lakes Seliger!

2. Reduce bottled water consumption.

It takes 7 liters of water to produce one liter bottle of water. Thus, if you drink an average of 1 liter of purchased water every day, you extract 8 liters of water per day or 2,920 liters of water per year from the bowels of the planet. In addition, p the eraser that is used in the production of bottles is difficult to recycle. Solution: install good filters at home and in the office and fill “your” bottle of water yourself for consumption throughout the day.

Your personal result for the year: saving water volume in the Small Novodevichy Pond in Moscow.

If every inhabitant of our country would do this for a year: let's save water in almost four Balkhash lakes!

3. Buy recycled paper products

That is, those where there is such an icon:

Products made from recycled paper require much less water to produce. If your family consumes four rolls of paper towels (including toilet paper) per week, opting for towels made from recycled paper will dramatically reduce water consumption.

Your personal result for the year: 2,408 liters of water saved

Let us save as much water as falls daily from Niagara Falls.

4. Try to use medium water pressure in the shower.

If you take a shower not with a maximum, but with an average water pressure, then in 5 minutes you will save not only a significant amount of water, but also the energy used to heat it.

And by the way, watch the water pressure in the tap when brushing your teeth, washing fruits and vegetables, hand washing. It should be as thick as a pencil.

Your personal result for the year: saving water17 200 liters.

If every inhabitant of our country would do this for a year: enough water to fill 3,000 gigantic stadiums.

5. Water your lawn early in the morning or evening.

If this is done in the middle of the day, 14% of all water used does not reach the roots of plants due to evaporation. A simple shift in lawn watering time to evening or early morning by a typical summer resident near Moscow saves 330 liters of water per week.

Your personal result for the year: saving water17 160 liters.

If each household our country will do so during the year: water savings exceeding 4 times the annual rainfall in Moscow.

6. Water your lawn with a hose, not a sprayer.

People are smarter than machines: watering an area with a hose with a sight exactly in place is twice as effective as thoughtlessly spraying it with a machine gun. The average family of summer residents uses 95,000 liters per year to water the lawn. This is twice the amount of water consumed at home.

Your personal result for the year: saving water47,000 liters.

If every dacha farm in our country does this for a year: the volume of water saved will approach the volume of the Pyalovsky reservoir near Moscow.

7. Increase the number of vegetarian meals by one per week.

Huge amounts of water are required to grow grain for livestock feed. It takes no less water to get the finished product in the form of a steak to your table. Replacing just one good steak a week with a vegetarian meal saves 11,000 liters of water.

Your personal result for the year: water savings of 650,000 liters, which is equivalent to the volume of Torbeevsky Lake near Moscow.

If every inhabitant of our country would do this for a year: we will save a volume of water equal to the Caspian Sea!

8. Use lower settings on your dishwasher.

Contrary to popular belief, the normal default settings of your dishwasher are almost never needed. As well as the preliminary start of the "rinse" program. Don't believe? Try it! On “lighter” settings, the dishwasher does its job just as well, and water savings are 55%.

And of course, do not run either the dishwasher or washing machine not fully loaded. Wait until the machine is fully loaded, do not waste water and electricity!

Your personal result for the year: saving water10 810 liters.

If every inhabitant of our country would do this for a year: we will save the amount of water that could cover the entire Kamchatka peninsula with a layer of 30 cm!

9. Use faucet aerators.

These are the things at the end of the mixers:

They cost from 15 to 50 rubles.

A typical faucet provides a water flow of 15 liters of water per minute. BUT water aerator, also known as the "flow minimizer", reduces the water flow to 6 liters per minute, while maintaining the same water flow. By equipping only 2 sinks in your home with aerators: in the kitchen and in the bathroom, you will achieve savings of 3,780 liters of water per year.

Your personal result for the year: saving water3 780 liters.

If every inhabitant of our country would do this for a year: we will save a volume of water equal to a two-week level of water consumption in the city of Moscow.

10. And finally, fix the plumbing!

Probably only we have leaking faucets and toilets. A leaky faucet causes you to lose about 75 liters of water a day, and a faulty toilet flush can cost you up to 750 liters in the same amount of time.

If plumbing works properly in every house in our country during the year: we will save the whole Lake Ladoga!

All data for this article is taken from Wikipedia.

and creatively redesigned.

It is possible to reduce water consumption by up to 50-70% by eliminating all leaks and adjusting the operation drain tank. Smart Savings starts with good habits: by turning off the water when it is not needed, you significantly reduce the amount of utility bills. Choosing the Right household appliances, using aerators, a tank with two buttons, special shower dividers, you are laying the foundations for your future well-being.

Every year the rates for public Utilities are increasing, and the topic of saving water and electricity in everyday life is gaining more and more popularity. Numerous videos show a lot of tricks that allow you to change the meter readings and hide the real consumption of resources. In this article, we would like to tell you some completely legal ways to save water without denying yourself comfort.

Some methods are based on reasonable consumption, while others involve the purchase of special equipment. It turns out that choosing plumbing and Appliances, we can significantly reduce water consumption and save our own money. The main thing is not too lazy to find out specifications devices. By following simple rules, you can reduce water consumption by 50-70%, don't you believe it? Then read on.

How many liters are in one cube?

One of the reasons for the excessive consumption of water is the fact that many people do not quite understand what a cubic meter means. Villagers measure water consumption with buckets. 20 liters is one time to go to the well, pull it out by hand and bring home 2 buckets. Now let's figure out what a cubic meter is:

1 cubic meter = 1000 liters. = 100 buckets of water

If you use 20 cubic meters of water per month, then you would have to go to the well 1000 times. Some of this water is hot, if you lived in a village you would have to chop wood and fire up the stove to heat it up. And now back to cozy apartment and talk about how we can reduce our water consumption and significantly reduce our bills.

Useful list

You can print this table and hang it in the most visible place in the house so that relatives and children have a correct idea of ​​how much water they consume while doing their usual activities.

Get bright brochures that tell about environmental problems in a way that is easy for children to understand and how to save water and electricity. There are a lot of animations and slides on this topic on the net, just take a little time to find them and the children will happily learn new skills.

Repair all leaks

As the list shows, we lose up to 13,000 liters on some leaks. monthly is 13 cubic meters. Repair any leaks and adjust the toilet cistern.

Aerator

This is perhaps the most affordable way savings. How does an aerator help conserve water? The nozzle is screwed onto the faucet spout, thanks to a system of fine meshes and dividers, it mixes the flow of water with air, due to which savings from 15 to 70% are achieved without loss of jet density. Passing through the nets, the flow softens, the noise and the amount of splashes decrease, and it is much more pleasant to use such water. At the same time, washing dishes or washing soap off your hands is no worse than with a fully open tap without an aerator.

When choosing aerators, you need to proceed from your own needs. Experts have calculated that for comfortable use:

• kitchen faucet (dishwashing or water supply) a capacity of 3-5 l / min is sufficient.
• for a washbasin in the bathroom (fine washing, washing, brushing teeth) only 1.7-3 l / min.
• shower head 6-10 l.
• We consider it inexpedient to put an aerator on the bath faucet, since when filling the bath, we will collect 100-150 liters with or without a nozzle. With an aerator, this process will take twice as long, the water will cool, and irritation will increase, especially if more than one person lives in the house.

In standard mixers, from 10 to 16 liters pass per minute. water depending on the pressure and diameter of the tap.

The cost of aerators is from $ 0.6 to $ 16 per piece. It is very convenient to buy sets of 3 nozzles with different capacities: for the kitchen, for the washbasin and a limiter for the shower head.

Water saving faucets

The amount of water consumed depends a lot on the design of the mixer itself. Designers and developers around the world are thinking about how to make modern plumbing even more convenient and economical. We will consider several such models.

single lever mixer

Choosing the optimal water temperature, we rotate the taps, it takes about a minute, during which time up to 8 liters are drained into the sewer. It is much faster and more convenient to regulate the temperature if there is only one lever on the mixer.

Save money by showering

We use a significant amount of water for personal hygiene purposes. Taking a bath in the evening and a short shower in the morning, each member of the family uses 180-200 liters. water per day. By simple calculations, you can find out how much your family spends monthly on water procedures. Need to multiply 180 liters. on the number of residents and the number of days in a month. Knowing the tariffs of your region, and the number of cubic meters you used, you can easily calculate the cost.

Changing habits

Taking a bath, we pour an average of 150 liters. water (hot + cold), and during a quick shower, only 30-40 liters are spent. If a family of 4 chooses a quick shower instead of a bathtub twice a week, they can save up to 46 m³in year.

It is worth pointing out to the reader that what is meant is a quick shower - this means that water is used to wet the body and wash off the foam, and while lathering, the tap remains closed. Leaving the shower on will use up as much water as if you were taking a bath.

Fill the bath to 50%, this is enough to comfortably accommodate your body, because most likely you will want to add hot water and lie in the bath longer. Try not to let the water reach the overflow hole, as extra liters turn into bills when you pay your bills.

fixtures

Water flow restrictor

You can save money while taking a shower if you purchase and install a water-saving nozzle that is screwed between the faucet and the shower hose and restricts the flow of water. Nozzle capacity 5 l. per minute, it turns out real savings of 5-10 liters. in a minute.

Water-saving watering can

A smart decision is to change a regular shower head to a water-saving one, of course, this is an additional expense, but the purchase pays off pretty quickly. If you live on the upper floors and have poor water pressure, this watering can will help solve this problem. Designers have developed several types of nozzles that act differently. Some increase the density of the jet due to the fact that they have many small holes. Others mix water with air like an aerator. Such nozzles have throughput 5-9 l. at the same time, the jets have a good density and pleasantly envelop the body.

shower thermostat

A lot of water leaks into the sewer while you are trying to set the desired temperature. This is what each member of the family does. By installing a thermostat, you set the settings once, and in the future, the system automatically adjusts the pressure and temperature of the water. As a result, you not only save water, but also avoid unpleasant situations when ice water or boiling water is poured on your head. The thermostat is for the shower and for the faucets.

Multi-tariff meter

Now let's talk about how to save water in an apartment with a meter. Quite often it happens that when opening a hot tap, the hostess is forced to wait a few minutes until the water gets warmer, the meter at this time counts liters, and on the receipt this water will be listed as “hot” and paid at the appropriate rate. Is it a shame to pay extra money for a service that you did not use?

And if a similar situation is repeated daily, then the overpayment becomes quite significant. In order not to overpay in the future, install a multi-tariff meter in your apartment. It is equipped with a temperature sensor that recognizes the temperature and detects water below 40 ° C as cold, and above 40 ° C as hot.

Of course, a meter with a temperature sensor is more expensive than usual, but the difference in price is quickly covered by savings on utility bills. It is worth mentioning that not all public utilities agree to accept the readings of such devices, before making a purchase, check with the public utilities whether they will meet you. If not, then you need to reconcile or defend your rights in court.

A wide range of multi-tariff meters of both domestic and foreign production is presented on the market. For example: " LV 4T», « Archimedes», « x5», « T-RMD"(company" Sayany "), etc. Depending on the model, the device can be powered by batteries or mains. Information about how much and what temperature of water was spent is displayed on the electronic display. Such meters are convenient, easy to operate and maintain. Separately, you can purchase an adapter that will transfer the readings of the device to your PC.

Anastasia , December 15, 2016 .

Determine your family's daily water needs. Add up the following numbers to determine how much water you need to store (at least 3 days, preferably longer) - each number represents a daily amount:

• Each person will need 1 gallon (3.8 liters) of drinking water to drink.
• For personal hygiene, each person will need 1 gallon (3.8 liters) of drinking water
• For sanitary needs (toilet), each person needs an average of 2 to 7 gallons (7.6 - 26.5 liters), but for this drinking water not required. If possible, dig a toilet with cesspool in your backyard, the amount of water needed can be reduced slightly by providing water only for personal hygiene needs (washing hands and removing any faeces from the skin, such as those of infants or those suffering from diarrhea).
• Don't forget about pets. They will also need clean drinking water.

Fill the water containers to the brim and then place the lid on top. Leave no air gap.

Find suitable ways to store water. It is desirable that you have many containers various sizes. While a tank or barrel can be a wonderful way to store large amounts of water, what if you suddenly need to take only what you can carry and go to another place where you are safe? What if old, weak or sick people are left on their own and have to carry large volumes of water? It's better to have containers on hand. different sizes suitable for any unforeseen circumstances.

• Choose food-grade plastic water storage tanks or tanks made to store rainwater. Do not use plastic that will contaminate the water.
• In the US, FDA approved #34 opaque containers may be used.

Store water properly. The shelf life of water may depend on the container used, temperature, access to light, etc. Polluted water will not do you any good, so stick to the following rules:

• Use opaque water containers. If you buy bottled water in reserve, replace it every few months with new ones and either use the old supply for your needs or water your plants with this water.
• Keep all water away from light. Don't give algae or other life forms the opportunity to develop, which is what they are waiting for.
• Keep water away from anything that can contaminate it, such as pesticides, fungicides, insecticides, gasoline, paints, or any other chemicals.
• Do not store water outside where it can freeze. An ice block is of no use when you don't have the heat to melt it. The only exceptions are those who live in regions with a very hot climate, they can store a small amount of water in the freezer, as it will melt in the heat.

Purify your water supply if you are going to store it for more than 6 months. If you do not want to purify the water, replace it with fresh water and get rid of the old one (or use it for watering).

Apply labels and change the water periodically. You need to date each bottle of water so you know when it needs to be changed. It is quite suitable to replace the old water with a new one, which would coincide with the replacement of the batteries in your fire alarm or with the transfer of clocks to winter / summer time.

Find out how to properly purify water if the need arises. Water from domestic and drinking pipelines does not need to be cleaned, in which case only replacement is suitable. Water from sources that do not carry out water purification can be purified as follows;

• Add four drops of unscented household bleach per gallon of water (1 drop per liter of water).
• Mix well.
• On the other hand, you can use products from camping or disaster preparedness stores that are made specifically for this purpose - water purification. Research the market first to find the most suitable product for your needs and preferences.