PVA glue It has the appearance of a thick, creamy mixture with a slight smell of vinyl alcohol. In fact, this is a dispersion of PVAD (polyvinyl acetate in water), plasticizers and various additives. We can say with confidence that PVA glue, the composition of which has such ingredients, is not poisonous and completely harmless to the skin. And all additives are environmentally friendly. The main characteristics are:
- Excellent adhesive power (from 400 to 550 N/m).
- Complete fire and explosion safety.
- Moisture resistance and moisture resistance.
- Non-toxic and can be used even on playgrounds.
- Dries with minimal shrinkage and fills all gaps.
- Forms a thin transparent film and, moreover, very durable.
- Solubility in many solvents, therefore, the scope of its application is expanding.
- Low cost and, as a result, availability for many consumers.
In addition, it is worth saying that it is also used as an aid in priming and puttying. PVA glue, the use of which is intended for a primer, perfectly fastens the surface and increases its adhesion.
Types of PVA glue
As already mentioned, this mixture can be used to connect almost any surface. It is used both by schoolchildren in clerical work and by builders for wallpapering, priming, joining parts, etc. Let us consider in more detail each type of this composition.
- Household PVA glue (or wallpaper) It is used in those cases when wallpapering on a paper, vinyl basis is carried out. It is applied to the wooden, concrete plastered bases.
- PVA glue super (M) acceptable in much larger areas than household. With its help, not only all types of wallpaper are applied, but also facing tiles, linoleum. They also glue fabric, leather, porcelain, DVM, chipboard, MDF.
- PVA glue universal used in cases where you need to connect the combined surfaces. Suitable for leather, paper, cardboard, metal, glass, wood, carpet, linoleum, sickle, facing tiles.
- Construction PVA glue includes different types mixtures used in construction. For example, carpentry is used for wooden bases and furniture. There is also parquet glue designed specifically for parquet. Especially popular is PVA dispersion (the basis for PVA), which is added to various building mixtures.
- PVA glue stationery - for clerical work when connecting paper, cardboard, photographic paper. It is often bought by schoolchildren.
Mode of application
Before application, it is important to carefully treat the surface. To do this, dirt and dust are removed from it. The base must be dry and clean (humidity not more than 4%). If the mixture is supposed to be applied to smooth walls, then they need to be sanded (for better adhesion). If, on the contrary, gluing on rough foam concrete, foam gypsum will be carried out, then it must first be primed.
Next, dilute the mixture according to the recipe indicated on the package. For fiberboard and plywood, glue without thinner can be used. For other bases, the required ratio is always indicated. When applying the mixture to the wallpaper, a roller or brush is usually used. Cloths are tightly attached to the walls and smoothed with a dry cloth.
When applying the composition to the floor, it is convenient to use a spatula with wide teeth. And the layer thickness should be about 0.8 mm for linoleum, 3 mm for ceramic tiles and 0.7 mm for pile carpets. If connection is expected wooden structures, cardboard, it is important to apply a thin layer and press for about 1 minute, and then leave it under the load. Depending on the thickness of the layer, the drying time may vary.
If you need to glue something, the first thing a person remembers is the most popular PVA glue. It is in any home and office, it is used not only for gluing paper and cardboard, but also in construction work, as well as in industry. All this is due to its primitive composition, which allows you to change the properties of the adhesive with the help of special additives.
The history of PVA begins in 1912. Then the German Klat managed to get vinyl acetate from acetylene gas. After polymerization, this substance received sticky abilities. But just before the start of World War II, the American Farber was able to create industrial production polyvinyl acetate.
PVA glue: decoding and composition
PVA is a product of the chemical industry and is so named due to the main active ingredient in the composition, stands for polyvinyl acetate. It makes up 95% of the entire composition. Polyvinyl acetate is obtained by polymerization of the vinyl acetate monomer using a variety of industrial methods. This substance does not dissolve in water and oil solutions and tends only to swell. Resistant to low and high temperatures, but not to their differences. The main distinguishing feature of polyvinyl acetate is that it increases adhesion between surfaces.
The rest of the PVA is made up of various additives and plasticizers. Depending on the purpose of the glue being made, EDOS, acetone and other complex substances are added to it.
Advantages over other types
Thanks to the huge number of positive properties, PVA has received such wide popularity. Some of them:
Specifications
PVA glue is widely used both in everyday life, among schoolchildren, and in construction. Polyvinyl acetate has the following varieties:
- Stationery (PVA-K). Used for paper work. It is distributed in schools and kindergartens. Non-toxic, not resistant to low temperatures and humidity. The structure is thick, odorless, forms a surface film.
- Wallpaper (or household). Used for gluing textile, vinyl, non-woven and paper wallpaper. It is resistant to frosts of 40 degrees, and is also securely fastened to concrete, plasterboard walls and plastered with cement mortar.
- PVA-MB (universal). PVA glue construction universal, specifications:
- Able to glue different kinds materials.
- It is used in construction works, as part of water-based mortars.
- Withstands frosts up to 20 degrees.
- PVA-M. A cheap replica of the universal PVA. Can only bond wood and paper. Not recommended for glass.
Polyvinyl acetate dispersion- adhesive emulsion, improved for better bonding of surfaces. It has only two types: plasticized and without plasticizers. Can be found in mortars household chemicals, water-dispersion paints.
Dispersion adhesive is widely used in footwear, textile industries, etc. It is also used in the manufacture of cigarette filters. Moisture and frost-resistant, has a creamy yellowish tint, viscous in composition.
Waterproof glue D class. It is used in the manufacture wooden furniture, in the construction and repair of wood products. Moisture resistant between D1 and D4.
PVA class D3(dispersion emulsion of polyvinyl acetate of the third degree of moisture resistance). The best way for gluing wood, chipboard and on cork surfaces. It can be used in rooms with high humidity. The consistency is transparent, thick and viscous.
Glue PVA GOST
According to the rules, it must have the following features:
- It looks like a milky white homogeneous mixture that does not have a pronounced odor.
- After drying, it forms a transparent viscous film.
- With the use of PVA glue, the seam of the products comes out strong and elastic.
- Waterproof formulations contain a polyvinyl acetate emulsion that enhances the bonding properties of the polyvinyl acetate.
According to GOST, it should not contain toxins and have a strong odor. During use, its white color turns transparent and after drying it cannot be returned to its original form.
Due to the fact that PVA glue is safe, it can be used in kindergartens, creative circles and schools. It is distinguished and appreciated by fire safety, as well as unpretentiousness in use, since special clothing is not needed to work with this glue.
For fast drying glue
Often, many are puzzled by what can be done with PVA glue to dry it quickly. To do quality work, you need to know how to dry glue fast. For small paper work and a thin layer of adhesive, it will dry completely in a maximum of 15 minutes.
On average, PVA dries in 24 hours. In order for the surfaces to be glued to fit tightly to each other, it is necessary to press them well, for example, create a press from books or clamp them in a vise for several hours.
- To ensure good adhesion of surfaces, it is first necessary to thoroughly clean them from debris and dust.
- In order for the application to be uniform, it is necessary to degrease the surfaces with acetone or alcohol.
- To work with PVA, it is best to use a brush or roller, as a thin layer will dry faster.
- To ensure fast drying, you must use a product from a trusted manufacturer.
- PVA dries faster when exposed to moderate high temperatures, so you can dry the product with a hairdryer, put it near a heat source or put it in the microwave for a few seconds.
Reasons and rules for dilution
Often polyvinyl acetate is diluted with water. But adding water to universal, second or Moment glue is strictly prohibited, as this will violate the adhesive properties. You can dilute with water household and stationery glue. This technique allows you to reduce the consumption of material or restore its original consistency, if the adhesive has thickened during the storage period.
Wallpaper glue presented usually in powder form. The instruction says that before working with this material, it is necessary to dilute it in warm water (100 g of dry powder per 1 liter of water). As a result, the solution is obtained as thick sour cream, in which a roller or brush should get stuck a little. To get a primer, you need to add more water.
If you need, on the contrary, to thicken the glue, you can leave it open for a day so that the water evaporates a little.
Attention, only TODAY!
PVA glue was invented back in 1912 in Germany, quickly entered the everyday life of a person and is now used in a wide variety of fields. The popularity of the product is due to its versatility and lack of harm to health, especially since the chemical composition of the adhesive is constantly being improved, and this gives it new properties.
PVA glue: decoding and composition
PVA glue is a product of the chemical industry with excellent adhesive properties. The decoding of the abbreviation is simple: the letters denote the active substance - polyvinyl acetate, which contains about 95%. The remaining glue formula looks different depending on the specific type of product. The composition may include:
- DOS (stands for dioctyl sebacate);
- dibutyl phthalate;
- other plasticizers;
- tricresyl phosphate;
- acetone;
- esters;
- stabilizing additives;
- preservatives;
- water.
Some try to make PVA with their own hands, using recipes based on flour, starch. In fact, these substances have nothing to do with the real glue base. Polyvinyl acetate is produced by polymerization of the vinyl acetate monomer. The finished substance cannot be dissolved in water - it only swells, behaves similarly in oil solutions. PVA is resistant to temperature extremes, inert to the action of the air, non-toxic, not harmful to humans.
According to GOST, polyvinyl acetate-based adhesive must meet the following requirements:
- the absence of a pronounced or unpleasant odor (this indicates a fake or expired glue);
- appearance - a homogeneous milky-white mixture, sometimes beige or slightly yellowish;
- the adhesive seam becomes a viscous translucent film after drying;
- the strength and elasticity of the seam are at a high level.
Depending on the needs of the user, the properties of the adhesive can be changed by adding other substances to its formula. For example, some building PVAs consist not only of polyvinyl acetate and plasticizers - kaolin, talc, and chalk help to thicken the solution. To increase water resistance, gasoline is introduced into the composition, to increase the elasticity, PVA is made with the addition of oils, glycerin, but this reduces the strength characteristics. Other possible additives to the adhesive composition:
- defoamers;
- cellulose;
- metal crumb;
- glass chips;
- nitro compounds;
- styrene;
- polysilicates of sodium, lithium, potassium.
Manufacturers of solid PVA adhesives in the form of sticks have to replace polyvinyl acetate with PVP (can be decoded as polyvinylpyrrolidone) or combine the two components. The specified substance is thicker, has high adhesive abilities.
Advantages and disadvantages
The glue is very easy to use, easy to apply, does not spread. When it is thick, it can be diluted with water, however, we are not talking about all varieties of PVA. How long does the product dry? The drying time depends on the ambient temperature, the area of application and is 12-24 hours, which is a low indicator for adhesives.
Other advantages of the composition:
- does not include substances harmful to the body, approved for use by children from 3 years old;
- safe in contact with the skin, you can use the product even without gloves;
- is not flammable, explosive;
- resistant to mechanical stress;
- plastic, elastic, so the glue line does not deteriorate under dynamic loads;
- withstands several cycles of freezing and thawing;
- can be used even indoors due to the absence of an unpleasant odor and harmful fumes;
- has a low consumption - 100-500 g/sq. m;
- has excellent adhesive properties - up to 550 N / m;
- does not collapse under the influence of ultraviolet;
- perfectly fills all cracks, cracks, gaps, pits;
- sold in a variety of packaging volumes;
- can be used alone or as a basis for primers, putties;
- dried glue does not shrink, does not deform the glued product.
It is easy to wipe off the glue stain from different surfaces. Despite its solubility only in chemical substances ah, PVA is washed off with plain water. The tool also has its downsides. The glue is not stored for too long - up to 6-12 months, after this time it can deteriorate irrevocably. In the presence of additional chemical components, the degree of safety may vary, and it will be necessary to work with glue using personal protective equipment.
Scope of use
The tool is most widely used in children's creativity. PVA is very popular in schools, kindergartens, clubs, developing studios. To work with him, the child does not need special clothing. Stains can be removed in the usual washing machine. Glue will easily hold paper, cardboard, thread, fabric, etc. When mixed with gouache, glue is painted on canvas, because such paint will be resistant and will not fade.
PVA is used in construction works: from wallpapering to installation of parquet, laminate, tiles. The glue is suitable for impregnating wood in order to give it water-repellent properties. When adding 5-10% PVA to regular cement mortar the ability of the latter to waterproofing is seriously increased, as is plasticity, adhesion to the base. 70 g of PVA per 10 liters of bulk are added to the plaster. This helps to quickly dry the coating, and also allows the building mixture to lie better on the wall.
Varieties and characteristics of PVA
There are several types of PVA glue, and its technical characteristics and scope depend on the specific form. The tool is popular in everyday life and construction, among schoolchildren and housewives, it is only important to choose the right one for each individual case.
Household PVA glue
It is usually recommended to use it instead of wallpaper glue for gluing heavy canvases - non-woven vinyl, fiberglass, photo wallpaper, fabric. It gives a good degree of adhesion to surfaces such as concrete, drywall, brick with plaster.
Household glue is great for working with cardboard, paper, foam rubber, textiles, decoupage with PVA is possible. Its consistency is moderately thick, in appearance it is a milky-white liquid, sometimes with a yellow tinge. The glue is frost-resistant, withstands freezing down to -40 degrees and retains its properties after defrosting. At the expiration date, household PVA may go in lumps floating in clear liquid. Most often, glue is produced in large jars, buckets.
The most popular brands of this type of PVA:
- Big (Big);
- Attomex (Atomex);
- "Profilux";
- white house.
PVA stationery glue
This type of glue (PVA-K) is similar to the previous one. Stationery PVA is also used for domestic needs, usually for crafts, children's creativity. It is available in liquid form in bottles, small jars (50-250 g), as well as in the form of a dry adhesive stick. To make the pencil slide on paper, manufacturers introduce a little glycerin into its composition.
The choice of such funds is the largest. The most famous adhesives of such companies:
- "Ribbon";
- Erich Krause (Erich Cruiser);
- "365 days";
- "Ray";
- Office Space (Office Space);
- Attache (Attache);
- Adel;
- Bic (Bik) White Glue;
- Dolce Gusto (Dolce Gusto);
- "Centrum";
- Deli (Delhi);
- Berlingo.
One of the highest quality adhesives in this group is the American Elmers (Elmers). It is this colored PVA that is used to make slime toys mixed with sodium tetraborate. Making slimes at home is easy - you just need to combine PVA and sodium tetraborate in equal amounts. In order not to purchase a fake, when buying Elmers glue, you need to request a certificate of conformity, clarify the TN VED code.
Universal PVA glue
Universal glue is indicated by the MB marking. He can stick different types materials, used for fastening products made of cardboard, wood, glass, leather. You can glue linoleum, serpyanka, carpet with glue, cover products with sweating. The tool is often introduced into the composition of building mixtures on a water-dispersion basis. The glue is moderately frost-resistant, withstands temperatures down to -20 degrees.
On sale you can also find a modification of PVA-MB, which is called PVA-M. It differs from the previous version in a low price, but the quality is also reduced. This tool is not recommended to work on materials other than cardboard, fabric, paper. The best brands of adhesives for universal use:
- "Lacra Extra";
- "Tex Universal";
- "Comus";
- Schreiber;
- "Navigator";
- "Omega";
- PVA-801;
- Brauberg.
PVA superglue
As part of this product, there are special additives that, after drying, make the adhesive seam very durable. Super-PVA can be used not only for wallpapering and household needs, but also for repairing tiles in the bathroom, in the kitchen. It will help restore damaged areas, glue loose elements, replace cement mortar when facing small floor coverings. The composition is moisture resistant (D3-D4), withstands freezing down to -40 degrees, therefore it can be used in unheated rooms, for outdoor work. Popular brands:
- "Akron";
- "Novohim";
- "Moment Joiner Super-PVA";
- white house.
Construction adhesive PVA
Household adhesives are not resistant to moisture, they are not recommended for use where the moisture index is high. Therefore, professionals prefer to use PVA construction adhesive - a waterproof composition (D3 or D4) in the form of an emulsion, which contains special polymerizing particles. Due to the special composition, the level of adhesion with the bases increases. PVA dispersion is also introduced into the composition of various building mixtures, primers, paints as a thickener and plasticizer. Further, such mixtures are used when laying bricks, installing tiles, pouring screeds.
A kind of building glue is considered to be carpentry glue - it is used on wood, veneer, chipboard, fiberboard and other wood derivatives, chip materials. Joiner's glue is often called furniture glue - it is widely used in the manufacture of furniture and components.
The moisture resistance of such products is marked with the letter D and a number from 1 to 4. The color is usually transparent, the viscosity is increased. Frost resistance is also high (up to -40 degrees), adhesives are suitable for outdoor use. The advantages of building PVA are also low consumption per 1 m2, resistance to UV radiation, high strength, no shrinkage, and quick drying.
Popular Russian and foreign manufacturers who produce PVA of this group are as follows:
- "Titanium";
- "Contact";
- "Lacra Lux";
- "Tex";
- "Moment".
Factors affecting drying time
Sometimes it is necessary to speed up the drying time of PVA, because at a cool temperature in an apartment it can be about a day. This also happens with a large area of \u200b\u200bapplication of glue, a seam that is too thick (under standard conditions, two pieces of paper glued together will dry out in 15 minutes). To start using the product faster, you must follow these instructions:
- prepare the base in advance with high quality - remove dust, debris, degrease with acetone (degreasing will also help cover the product with a uniform adhesive layer);
- to apply glue, use a roller, not a brush - this will make the layer thinner;
- ensure a tight compression of the surfaces, for example, put the objects to be glued under a press, clamp with a vice;
- moderately increase the temperature - you need a building or ordinary household hair dryer or placing an item in the microwave for a few seconds.
When heating, it is important not to overdo it: if the temperature of the adhesive joint is more than +100 ... +120 degrees, the PVA will begin to collapse.
Reasons and rules for dilution
What is the best method to apply if the glue has thickened? The easiest way is to dilute it with water, adding it literally by grams, so as not to make the composition too liquid. Water will not degrade the properties of stationery and household adhesives. All other types of PVA, especially construction, are strictly forbidden to be diluted with water, they will lose their adhesive function. How to dilute such a composition is indicated on the package, usually acetone is suitable for this.
If you make the composition more liquid, its consumption will decrease. You can also dilute PVA to get a primer. Most commonly, add 1 part glue to 5 parts water to make a high quality wall and ceiling primer. Sometimes it happens that the adhesive, on the contrary, needs to be thickened to enhance its adhesion to the surface or to prevent deformation of thin materials. The composition is easily translated into a thicker state: you just need to leave the jar open for a day, and excess moisture will evaporate.
To get a really high-quality connection of parts, you should follow the following recommendations:
- mix the adhesive well before use;
- work with the composition at a temperature of +10 degrees, humidity up to 80%;
- always apply the product on clean substrates;
- keep the surface dry;
- lubricate one part with glue, an excessively thick layer will only reduce the adhesion of the composition;
- observe the thickness of the adhesive film up to 2 mm;
- do not touch the product until completely dry.
Despite being cheap, PVA has excellent operational characteristics, therefore, does not lose popularity in everyday life, at a construction site. The environmental friendliness and effectiveness of the product allows it to be on the leaderboard, which is also facilitated by the availability of glue for any user.
Perhaps there is no person today who is not familiar with PVA glue. It is used by almost everyone and everywhere: children in kindergartens, gluing paper crafts, adults using it in painting and construction work. This glue is non-toxic and has a number of properties that put it on a par with the best discoveries in the field of chemistry.
Who invented PVA glue
In fact, it was opened by two people, and independently of each other.
It all started in Germany. In 1912, Dr. Fritz Klatt discovered the production of vinyl acetate by extracting it from acetylene gas. This gas readily polymerized, resulting in the formation of a solid. And accordingly - glued dissimilar surfaces.
Vinyl acetate was most widely used after it was patented in 1912. Later, the entrepreneur Farben organized the production of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) on a large commercial scale. Then Farben worked only with adhesives that form films. The first production of this adhesive was established in the USA in 1937 in Monsanto. PVA glue was then used to preserve car windows.
Two years later, the Korean scientist Lee Seung-gi, a student of Professor Ichiro Sakurada, together with his Japanese colleagues Kawakami and Masahide, discovered a fiber that was soluble in water. The fiber was called vinalon and was based on polyvinyl alcohol. In 1941, Lee Seung Gi received a patent for the discovery of a new material that would later become the main ingredient in PVA glue.
So, independently of each other, two scientists - Fritz Klatt and Lee Seung Gi, became the discoverers of the most popular glue in the world.
Chemical composition glue
The basis of the adhesive is vinalone - a synthetic fiber, the main component of which is polyvinyl alcohol. This substance is not toxic, and therefore PVA glue is safe for health. In limited quantities, of course.
Vinalone is converted to polyvinyl acetate, which is then diluted. The result is just the glue that we buy in the store. Depending on the purpose, various components are added to it. These can be alcohols and minor elements that enhance the bonding of surfaces.
Also in the composition you can find the so-called plasticizer. This substance is necessary to impart plasticity to the adhesive film and frost resistance. In the glue itself, the plasticizer is about 1-2%.
PVA glue refers to fireproof adhesives, frost-resistant and moisture-resistant, with the exception of some types. As a rule, the drying time of the glue is 24 hours. PVA has a low consumption - from about 100 g / m2 to 900 g / m2 of surface.
The most common types of PVA
There are several main types of PVA used in various fields. This:
- PVA household (wallpaper);
This type of glue is used for gluing paper, wallpaper stickers on wooden, plaster surfaces. Possesses strongly expressed frost resistance. Household PVA is the most popular, it is used for wallpapering and other paper work.
- PVA glue universal (PVA-MB);
PVA-MB glue is used for gluing wood, paper, porcelain, cardboard, fabric products. Unlike the household look, PVA-MB can be used for gluing fabrics and paper to glass and porcelain. It is also added as a binder in a mixture of water-based concrete, putties, primers. It is good to have this type of glue in stock, as it can be a good help in any job and save in unexpected situations.
- PVA glue stationery (PVA-K);
Stationery PVA is used to work with papers and other small household chores. It is he who needs to be bought for children - it is the least toxic and does not have impurities like a plasticizer. It is not resistant to frost and dissolves easily in water.
- glue PVA super (PVA-M);
This type of PVA is considered the highest quality and has a large percentage of additives, thick consistency. It is used for pasting of products from a cardboard, paper, porcelain, a tree, metal, plastic, skin, fabrics, facing tiles. Able to fix linoleum and other similar coatings. More viscous compared to other types of PVA. It should be bought for expensive and responsible work.
- polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion;
In fact, this is the basis of PVA glue. Possesses the strongest adhesive ability. Contains plasticizers. This type of glue is fireproof and has the third toxicity group (moderately hazardous substance). PVA dispersion is used as an additive in mortars, in the textile, printing and glass industries. As a rule, the most frequent consumers of this type of adhesive are industrial enterprises.
How to choose the right quality PVA glue?
When buying PVA glue, you need to consider what kind of work it will be used for.
It is worth paying very close attention to the very consistency of the glue. PVA should not contain any lumps, mechanical inclusions. The color should be white or slightly yellowish - a yellowish tint gives an admixture of a plasticizer. V quality glue the mass will be homogeneous, without noticeable impurities, viscous. If any lumps are visible in the total mass, such PVA is not worth buying.
Perhaps, on top, on the glue itself, there will be a transparent homogeneous film - this is an indicator good quality. The film must be removed before work, and the glue must be mixed.
And there are several basic rules for working with PVA glue:
1. Degrease surfaces! PVA glue is not stable when working with greasy surfaces. And cleaning the surfaces to be glued from dirt and dust will be very useful.
2. After the material is pasted on the surface, press it with something heavy for 1-2 minutes. This will give the adhesive good adhesion to the surface.
3. Glue is best applied to hard surfaces not with a brush, as many do, but with a spatula with wide teeth. Use the roller for paper.
4. When gluing wallpaper with PVA glue, you do not need to apply glue to the walls! It is advisable to apply glue to the walls only if the walls have an uneven structure. In this case, the glue will need at least 24 hours to dry.
In general, due to the safety and ease of use, PVA glue is very popular among the population, despite the large number of competitors it has. And today, many technologists consider the most promising way to improve PVA instead of developing fundamentally new types of glue.
Invented in Germany in 1912, PVA has evolved from a curiosity into a widely used and well-known adhesive in a couple of years. This happened due to two main characteristics: non-toxicity and versatility. Today, the improvement of the composition continues and more and more new brands are being produced, PVA glue is acquiring more and more new properties. Therefore, it makes sense to tell in more detail where and how this adhesive material is used, why it is unique and how it is produced.
How is it deciphered and what is it made of
PVA is a product of the chemical industry and it is named after the main active ingredient, polyvinyl acetate, and it makes up 95% of all glue. Polyvinyl acetate is obtained by polymerization of the vinyl acetate monomer, various industrial ways. The substance is insoluble in water (only swells) and oily solutions. Resistant to low and high (but not higher than 100˚ C) temperatures, but not to their alternation. Inert to the effects of the air. The main feature - when used, increases the adhesion between the surfaces of materials
The rest of the PVA glue is occupied by plasticizers and additives. Depending on what kind of adhesive product is made, tricresyl phosphate, EDOS, acetone and other esters are added to it. Plasticizers provide the necessary density, as well as improve adhesion to working surfaces.
Advice
One of the key properties of polyvinyl acetate is the absence of odor. Pay attention to this indicator when choosing in the store.
Advantages
PVA glue is widely used due to its many positive properties:
- does not contain chemicals that are harmful to health, so PVA clerical is approved for use by children from 3 years old;
- does not burn;
- resistant to mechanical stress;
- when the internal temperature rises, it becomes more plastic;
- withstands 4-6 freeze-thaw cycles;
- has a neutral smell, which simplifies the use in enclosed spaces;
- dissolves only from complex compounds of chemicals, but at the same time the fresh layer is easily washed off with water.
Varieties and their technical characteristics
PVA glue is widely used in everyday life and construction. Both the schoolboy, and the professional carpenter, and the housewife use polyvinyl acetate. Depending on the type of activity, polyvinyl acetate is divided into types:
Stationery (PVA - K). It is popular in kindergartens and schools. The consistency is thick, the mass is white, with the formation of a surface film. Non-toxic, frost resistant and high humidity. It is used in working with paper and all its varieties.
Wallpaper (household). It is used for gluing paper, vinyl, non-woven and textile wallpapers. Creates reliable adhesion to concrete, drywall or combined surfaces. The glue is resistant to freezing down to -40 degrees.
PVA-MB (universal). Bonds various types of materials. It is used as a part of construction and finishing mixes on a water basis. Withstands temperatures down to -20 degrees.
PVA-M is a cheap modification of universal glue. Bonds only paper and wood. Not recommended for glass and porcelain surfaces.
Polyvinyl acetate dispersion - an adhesive emulsion improved for adhesion to surfaces. It is divided into two types: plasticized and without plasticizers. It is found in the composition of household chemicals, packaging products, water-dispersion paints and mortars.
Dispersion adhesive is used in textile, footwear and other industries. It is also used in the manufacture of tobacco products - for cigarette filters. Possesses frost and moisture resistance. It has a creamy yellow tint and a viscous consistency.
Class d waterproof adhesive. It is used in the construction and repair of wooden products, the manufacture of furniture. Moisture resistance range from d1 to d4.
The most optimal when gluing on wood, fiberboard, chipboard and cork is PVA glue d3. It is deciphered as a dispersion emulsion of polyvinyl acetate of the 3rd degree of moisture resistance. Consistency - transparent, thick and viscous. Use in rooms with high degree of humidity of air is possible.
Important
Despite the non-toxicity of the cured PVA glue, it is necessary to carry out work on gluing surfaces in well-ventilated areas.
Correct Application
Each version of the adhesive mixture has its own characteristics of use. Therefore, before use, carefully read the instructions that come with the product. If not, use the tips below.
Apply with a brush, less often with a notched trowel. The adhesive must be evenly and thinly distributed over both surfaces to be bonded. If necessary, after the first layer has dried, a second layer is applied. The glue is allowed to dry and soak a little, then the parts to be glued are pressed tightly.
How long it dries and how to speed up hardening
For quality work it is important to know how to dry the adhesive material quickly. Of course, there is nothing difficult in this process if small paper parts are glued. When applying a thin layer, drying occurs in 10-15 minutes.
On average, PVA glue dries in 24 hours. To obtain a strong adhesion of the surfaces, it is important to press the products strongly against each other. For example, put under the press of books, if we are talking about paper. Or squeeze in a vise for a couple of hours.
Little tricks for fast drying PVA:
- high-quality adhesion and drying occurs on clean surfaces - remove particles of dust and debris;
- to apply glue evenly, pre-treat the work surfaces with alcohol or acetone;
- the thinner the layer of glue, the faster it dries - use a brush or roller to work with glue;
- it is worth considering that for quick drying it is important to use a quality product from trusted manufacturers;
- PVA dries faster with a moderate increase in temperature - use a hair dryer, place the product near a heat source or place it in the microwave for a few seconds.
Advice
Remember that PVA glue begins to break down at temperatures above 100-170 degrees. Be careful with heat.
How and why to dilute
Polyvinyl acetate glue is often diluted with water. It is not recommended to add water to the universal, second and Moment glue, as they will lose their adhesive function. It is also not recommended to dilute dispersion grades. You can dilute household and stationery glue. This allows you to reduce material consumption or restore its consistency if the adhesive has thickened during storage.
Wallpaper glue is sold dry. Before use, the glue is dissolved in warm water at the rate of 100 grams of dry product per 1 liter of liquid. The solution is obtained as thick sour cream so that the brush or roller gets a little stuck in the solution. To get a primer, the proportions are slightly changed by increasing the proportion of water.
Used as a primer and. To dilute it, you will need warm water and adhesive material in a ratio of 2 to 1. It turns out a light white liquid product.
Advice
Highly diluted glue creates a less strong and, accordingly, less durable seam.
PVA glue is one of the most versatile compositions, it is used both independently and in composition with additives and modifiers that give additional beneficial features. It is still one of the safest adhesive materials. Use it wisely and the result will meet all your expectations.
