Of the huge variety of types and types of roofs, a 3-pitched roof is interesting for its unusualness. It is not often seen on residential buildings in modern Russia, but it was popular in pre-revolutionary times.
Basically, a traditional log house - a five-wall house had a three-pitched roof.
Such houses still exist in the north of the country in remote villages in the Vologda and Arkhangelsk regions.
The gable roof may currently appeal to those who are interested in the originality of the house.
Tri-pitched roof structure
2 roof slopes represent a combination of 2 slopes of a trapezoidal shape and one triangular shape. Often it looks like a simple 2-pitched roof, but it has a gentle slope on one side, and not a vertical gable.
Dormer windows can be arranged on the slope if there is an attic room in the attic. An attractive view of such houses can be created if all the dimensions in the plan and the dimensions of the slopes are correctly correlated. 3-pitched roof includes the following elements:
- One hip or triangular slope;
- 2 slopes of a trapezoidal shape;
- 2 rafters;
- skate.
The design of a 3-pitched roof assumes the installation of diagonal rafters from the side of the hip and triangular slope. Such rafters as the rules are made longer than usual, therefore, they require building up.
This is done by rallying 2 boards with a section of 50x150 millimeters. At the junction, additional short boards a meter long or metal plates are installed.
The main difficulty in the construction of such truss systems lies in the installation of slanting rafters, as well as the manufacture of their connection unit with a ridge beam.
Before erecting a gable roof, you need to draw up a minimum project in which you indicate the dimensions of the roof and the dimensions of its components. A gable roof is a hybrid of a conventional gable and hip roof. And the technology of its construction does not differ from the construction of the above roofs.
The truss system is calculated individually for each roof, depending on such factors as the absence or presence of an attic room, the type of roofing, and the climate of this region.
As a rule, the material for truss system choose in the form of coniferous wood, the moisture content of which is 15-20 percent. Even before the creation of the truss system, all of its elements are treated with fire and rotting agents (flame retardants and antiseptics).
Installation of a gable roof truss system
A three-pitched roof is installed from the installation of a Mauerlat on the walls of the house, on which a reinforced concrete reinforced belt is preliminarily arranged. For houses that are made of timber or rounded timber, armo-belt devices are not needed, because in such cases the upper crowns of the walls are the Mauerlat.
Roof truss system - junction points
Then the truss system is installed in the likeness and image of a gable roof, however, with a single deviation.
1 end of the ridge beam at the point where the diagonal rafters and the ridge will be connected should rest on the vertical rack of the section.
The rack can be installed on a ceiling cross beam or on a puff. It depends on what the attic will be - cold or living space. In addition, the fastening of the supporting vertical rack is necessary for reliability with a system of crossbars and struts.
In the process of constructing a roof with 3 slopes on a triangular slope, the diagonal rafters can be fastened using spears and can be carried out with large spans of trussed roofs. Everything also depends on the configuration of the roof and the functionality of the attic space. The installation of rafters from the side of the trapezoidal slopes is carried out in steps of 0.6-0.9 meters, depending on the type of insulation used for the under-roof space, if an insulated attic is needed.
Important: The length of the ridge beam depends on the slope of the roof, and the choice of the slope depends on a number of reasons mentioned above. The formation of a triangular or hip slope occurs with 2 or 3 rafters.
The installation of two diagonal rafters is carried out in cases where an attic or skylight, which is associated with the basis of the truss system according to other laws. Otherwise, they put 3 rafter legs.
- Diagonal rafters should rest against the corners of the Mauerlat, which lies on walls converging at 90 degrees.
- With a small span, the third rafter is replaced by crossbars and sprigs, to which the crate is subsequently fixed.
- The rafters are fastened to the Mauerlat with the help of cuts made on the rafters at a depth of no more than ¼ of the width of the rafter board.
- Cuts are not made in the Mauerlat, so as not to weaken its bearing capacity and strength.
- Diagonal rafters are produced beyond the boundaries of the wall by 40-50 centimeters, thereby adjusting the roof overhang.
At the same length, the rafter legs on the 2-pitched part of the roof are released. A pediment, which is obtained by connecting 2 trapezoidal slopes, unless otherwise provided in the niche project (stairs, doors, windows). Laying the crate is carried out in increments, depending on the used roofing material.
Although a tri-pitched roof is somewhat more complex than a traditional gable roof, some homeowners prefer it. If you correctly calculate the dimensions and correctly select the roofing material, a roof with three slopes will become a real decoration of a residential building. Often such a roof is built over gazebos, winter gardens and other similar objects to give the building an elegant look.
A roof of this type consists of two identical trapezoid-shaped slopes and another triangular slope, which is called a hip.
Like any other roof, it consists of the main elements:
- Mauerlat;
- truss system;
- crates;
- insulating layers;
- roofing material.
As a Mauerlat, a wooden or reinforced concrete base is used, which is securely attached to the load-bearing walls. The system of hydro, steam and thermal insulation depends on the purpose of the under-roof space. It will be more difficult if an attic is planned, and creating an unheated attic will be easier and cheaper.
Extensions to the house, as a rule, are built in cases where it is necessary to expand the living space, equip a veranda or terrace for summer holidays, get additional space to accommodate a garage or any utility rooms in them. Of course, such an extension must have a reliable roof. And very often in such cases, the docking of the roof of the extension with the walls of the main building or with its roof raises questions. These areas are the most vulnerable in terms of the likelihood of leaks, which, alas, often happens with improper installation.
To figure out how to make a roof with high quality, it makes sense to analyze in detail some of the nuances of the various options for its construction. Naturally, while paying special attention to the implementation of waterproofing work in the arrangement of lines of joints and junctions.
A few words about the basic structure of the roof
In order to make it easier to understand the terminology in the future, so to speak, “to speak the same language”, it makes sense to consider circuit diagram roof structures. The hip version is taken as an example, simply because it usually includes almost all the elements that make up any type of truss system.
So, the truss system consists of the following parts, each of which has a specific purpose:
- Mauerlat - this is a powerful bar, laid and fixed around the perimeter of the house on its load-bearing walls. It is designed for the most even weight distribution of the entire roof structure and external loads falling on it. Very often, it is on this structural element that the lower side of the rafter legs is fixed.
- - these, one might say, are the main details of any system that form the roof slopes and serve as the basis for fastening the battens and roofing material. Rafters are made from a board that has the section necessary to ensure strength.
- Diagonal (sloping) rafters - these elements are part of the hip, half-hip and multi-gable rafter system. They are installed at the corners of the building and connect them to the ridge run (ridge).
- Narozhniki - it is also a rafter, but having a shorter length. They rest with their ends on the Mauerlat and the diagonal (hip) rafter. (with a multi-gable roof - on a ridge run and a diagonal rafter)
- Skate run - a longitudinal board or beam on which the rafters are fixed in their upper part.
- Puff - horizontal q beam or board, fastening together opposite rafter legs in a pair, in their lower or middle part. The lower puffs can also serve as beams at the same time attic floor. If they are installed in the middle part of the rafters, then a beam can additionally be included in the rafter system, which acts as a floor beam.
- Racks or headstock - structural reinforcement elements. They are installed on a puff (or on a bed installed on an internal main wall) and support the ridge run or go directly to the rafter leg, thereby reducing its span between the support points.
- Strut - a diagonally located reinforcement element, resting on one side against the rafter leg, and on the other, against a puff, lying or rack. This detail of the truss system serves to give it additional rigidity, and also helps to remove part of the load from the weight of the structure from the walls of the building.
- Sprengel - element, characteristic of hip truss systems. This is a bar constricting Mauerlat in the corners and serving as the basis for the racks supporting the diagonal rafters (which usually turn out to be the largest in length). Such a reinforcement part also helps to relieve the load from the walls of the house.
- Wind beam - an optional, but still quite often used element of strengthening the system. This is a diagonal board that is fixed on rafter legs from the attic and making the structure more rigid. This element is necessary if the roof slopes have a steep slope. Usually placed on the windward side.
- Filly - a board or beam with which the rafter legs are built up in the lower part. They are usually designed to form the eaves of the roof slopes.
Prices for fasteners for rafters
fasteners for rafters
So, the main elements in any rafter system are the elements that form the roof slopes - these are the rafters and the ridge run. The remaining parts can be considered auxiliary, so only some of them can be used in various systems.
Extension roof types
What options are possible in principle
To begin with, it is worth figuring out what the roof of an extension to the house can be. It is quite obvious that its type will directly depend on the design of the main truss system and how the extension is located relative to the main building.
So, either the expansion of the residential building itself, or the addition of an auxiliary room separate from it, can be carried out from one, two or even three sides of the house. Therefore, the roof for it can have different types designs.
The most popular extension roof option is, since it has the most simple design and not particularly difficult to install. This option is usually used when an extension is made only on one side of the house, usually along its long side.
However, the roof of the extension can also have a gable, half-hip or hip design. There are even more complex configurations of rafter systems, which, in combination with the roof of the main building, form a multi-gable structure. But they are usually planned during the complete reconstruction of the house, thus even changing its architectural style.
Most often, the owners of average private houses don’t particularly “bother” and choose a simple shed roof for an extension located along one of the walls of the building.
Currently, there is a great variety of forms of roofs and roofing used for dacha construction. The choice depends only on the personal wishes of the owners, as well as on the parameters of the house. Among the most popular types is a three-pitched roof. It looks pretty nice, and it’s quite feasible to build such a structure with your own hands.
A gable roof is used to cover houses, terraces or cottages. It is formed with the help of three slopes that differ in shape. One of them is triangular, but the other two are made in the form of a trapezoid. The design of a gable roof can be divided into two main parts:
- roof with two slopes;
- hip roof, which is arranged over the uncovered area of \u200b\u200bthe house.
The most important parameter of a gable roof is the correct calculation of the combination of these main parts of the structure.
To ensure the stability of the roof, it is necessary to correctly carry out all measurements, as well as determine the size of the roof, which will be formed by two slopes and a hip. Even before the start of work, it will be necessary to calculate the total slope of the gable roof.
The design of the gable roof can be divided into:
- triangular hip slope;
- side slope, having the shape of a trapezoid;
- roof ridge;
- inclined edge.
Concerning design features gable roof, they are in many ways similar to the usual. The rafter system is installed after the Mauerlat is mounted. It is a support beam with a section of 10x10 - 15x15 centimeters, which is laid on top of the walls. The Mauerlat is attached to a pre-installed iron "belt". But if the walls of the house are made of logs or beams, the installation of such a reinforced structure is not required. This is due to the large difference in the weight of metal and wood. Mauerlat in wooden houses will serve as the upper bars of the walls.
According to the method of location, the rafter legs of a three-slope structure can be:
- with a bevel;
- diagonal.
In the first case, the rafters are installed, directing them to the inner corners of the walls. In the second version of the location - to the outside.
The rafters of the diagonal arrangement differ from the sloping system in greater length. But at the same time, you can resort to a system of building boards. A distinctive feature of the organization of gable roof truss systems is the requirement to connect three rafter legs in one place. Such a point acts as the beginning or end of the ridge board. It is necessary to determine the central rafter, which will be the main and additional (pitched), guided by this design.
materials
To create a frame for a gable roof truss system, it is necessary to prepare materials for the following elements:
mauerlat - a bar with a section of 10x10 or 15x15 cm, which is mounted around the entire perimeter of the outer walls. It helps to redistribute the load of the roofing cake on the building;
- bed - an intermediate beam with a section of 10x10 or 15x15 cm, which is mounted on the load-bearing walls of the house located inside;
- floor beams - boards with a section of 5x20 cm, which are laid on a mauerlat beam. They act as a framework for interfloor overlapping;
- racks - vertical support bars with a section of 10x10 or 15x15 cm, designed to support the frame of the roofing pie;
- ridge beam - supports for the rafter system. It is laid on vertical racks;
- rafters - boards with a section of 5x20 cm, based on a ridge beam and racks in the upper part of the roof, and their lower part is laid on the Mauerlat beam. They are mounted with a certain step. For rafters, choose bars with a section of 10x15 cm or spliced boards;
- spengel - a vertical support that serves to support the rafters;
- struts - boards mounted at angles of 45 degrees. They act as spacers between the rafters and floor beams or lying;
- crates - boards with a thickness of 2 cm, which are mounted on rafter legs, observing a certain step, parallel to the ridge beam. If installation is to be soft roof, then plywood or OSB-plates are used as a crate.
They connect all the elements to metal corners and overlays, which are attached to nails, self-tapping screws or threaded studs with nuts. In addition to lumber, you will need to purchase hydro and windproof films, as well as insulation and vapor barrier.
Wood must be of suitable quality - residual moisture content of no more than 15-20 percent, without rot, mold and discoloration. Before installation, the material must be coated with special antiseptics to increase fire-fighting properties, and fire retardants.
Calculation of a three-pitched truss system
For the calculation it is necessary to make the following measurements:
- skate;
- the length of the walls, their perimeter is calculated;
After that, the difference between the measured values is determined. The resulting number must be divided by two. This length is measured on each wall that is parallel to the ridge. Next, the length of the ridge and the average length of the walls that are parallel to it are checked. The calculation must be repeated for the wall on which the hip is planned to be installed - the triangular part of the roof. Changes start from the center point of the beam section. After that, it is necessary to measure the parameters of the side wall. This value is divided by two. The resulting value is measured from the center line of the wall. This must be done on the drawing.
To reduce the presence of errors, it is best to use a special measuring rail. Experienced craftsmen recommend not using a tape measure because of the high probability of errors when mounting the roof.
The gable roof rafter system is highly durable. The installation of such a roofing cake is recommended for use in areas that are characterized by strong winds and frequent earthquakes.
Manufacturing of the truss system
It will be more convenient to install a gable roof if there is a schematic drawing, where the location of all rafter legs is noted.
Stages of work
- First you need to create a connection between the end of the ridge beam and the system rack (beam) in order to get a structure that has a support. It will serve as the basis for connecting the diagonal rafters.
- The rack is mounted on ceiling beam, puff, attic board. The main requirement is to take into account the features of the attic. Will it be a living space or not, heated or cold. Greater reliability of fastening will be given by its completion with crossbars and special struts.
- After that, proceed to the installation of the truss system. The installation of beams is carried out with the help of special sprigs, as well as trussed trusses, in case of a large span.
You can exclude the installation of trussed trusses, depending on how the attic is used and the shape of the future roof.
- Rafter legs must be installed in some increments ranging from 60 to 90 cm. Determination of the distance between them will depend on the size of the roofing sheet, as well as on the material. The step of the rafter legs still depends on whether the attic space will be insulated or not.
The insulation has a considerable weight, which must be taken into account when installing the truss system.
- The ridge must be selected with a size depending on the slope with which the roof will be mounted. Hip - a slope that has a triangular shape, it is formed by two or three rafter legs. In case the device is meant skylights, you will need to install additional diagonal rafters. They will act as support for the openings for the window openings. If the installation of diagonal beams is not possible, then there is another option for strengthening the system - three rafters are additionally installed.
- Rafter legs of a diagonal arrangement are mounted with an emphasis on the Mauerlat beam. This must be done while maintaining a right angle. This setup will guarantee correct operation truss system and durability of the roofing pie.
- If it is necessary to block a small span, then the work can be done with the help of sprigs or crossbars. They will act as an excellent frame for laying battens and roofing.
- When mounting the rafter legs on the mauerlat beam, you will need to create cuts. This peculiar type of fastening consists in making small notches on the boards of the rafter legs with a depth not exceeding one quarter of the width of the Mauertat beam.
- In order to prevent a deterioration in the bearing capacity of the system, it is necessary to make cuts only on the rafter legs, leaving the Mauerlat beam intact. An error in installation can lead to a significant weakening of the roofing cake.
- When all the diagonal supports are mounted, it is necessary to organize the roof overhang. It should exceed 50 cm. A larger overhang is provided by an increase in the release of rafters.
The tri-pitched roof is more complex design, compared to conventional single-sided. Despite this, some owners of country and private houses prefer it to her. If you take measurements correctly and make a competent selection of materials, then such a roof will become an adornment of a residential building and will protect it for several decades. Such a roof is often built over winter gardens, gazebos and other similar objects to give the building an elegant look.
Tri-pitched roof device
A three-pitched roof has many differences from a two-pitched one. They consist in installing two rafters that will form a hip slope. In addition, you will need structures that will support the rafters. The rafters should be longer than the side rafters, so for their manufacture, you should choose a board of a more impressive length and thickness. An alternative solution is to splice existing lumber.
The gable roof will have a frame, which is formed by the following elements:
- Mauerlat;
- sill;
- floor beams;
- racks;
- ridge beam;
- rafters;
- sprengel;
- struts.
As for the Mauerlat, it is a beam located along the perimeter of the outer walls. With its help, it is possible to redistribute the load on the walls. Lying is an intermediate beam, which is located on the internal load-bearing walls. But from the boards that are on the Mauerlat, they form. They act as a frame between the attic or attic, as well as the floor. A gable roof should have racks that look like supporting vertically arranged bars. With their help, you can hold the roof frame. Whereas the ridge beam is laid on vertical racks that act as a support for the rafters. The last of these elements are boards that are mounted with a certain step and are located on a ridge beam.
Additional components
At the bottom of the rafters are based on the Mauerlat. They are divided into oblique and lateral. The vertical support is a sprengel, it supports the rafters. Struts are boards that should be at an angle of 45 ° to the horizon. Struts are struts between floor beams or floor beams and rafters. Components must be connected to each other metal corners or overlays, they are fixed with nails, with nuts or self-tapping screws.
Carrying out calculations
If you will be performing a three-pitched roof of the house, then you will need to carry out calculations. For this, the skate is measured, as well as the length of the walls. In the latter case, it is necessary to measure the perimeter. Then you need to determine the difference between these values. The resulting number should be divided by two. This length must be measured on each side parallel to the ridge. The next step is to check the length of the skate and average length walls that are parallel to it. The calculation must be repeated for the wall on which the hips will be installed, they are triangular parts of the roof.
Measurements should be started from the center point of the beam section. Then you should measure the parameters of the side wall, dividing the resulting figure by two. This value is measured from the center line of the wall. In order to reduce errors, it is recommended to use a measuring rail. Experts recommend abandoning roulette, as there is a possibility of errors during the installation work. such a roof is durable, so the installation of a roofing pie is recommended for use in areas that are characterized by strong winds and earthquakes.
Installation features: material preparation
The gable roof, the photo of which is presented in the article, should be equipped after the preparation of the material. Traditionally, coniferous lumber is used for battens, which is prepared by drying under a canopy. Its residual moisture should not exceed 20%. When choosing a material, it is necessary to check it for the absence of traces of mold and rot, as well as darkening.
Lumber must be coated with an antiseptic, and to improve fire-fighting qualities - with a flame retardant composition. When do-it-yourself gabled roofs are made, the Mauerlat is usually made from a bar with a square section, its side can be 100 or 150 mm. Whereas the rafters and floor beams can be made of 50 mm boards, the width of which is 200 mm or more. In this case, the workpieces should be turned with the narrow side down, this will reduce sagging.
Work on the rafters
The rafters will undergo a high load, they must be made of a rectangular beam, the dimensions of which are 100x150 mm. The rafters can be made from two spliced boards, trimmed between them, and then the system is pulled together on a hairpin.
Sheathing is an important element of the roofing system, it is made of 20 mm board, which is laid on the rafters with a certain step. These elements should be parallel to the ridge beam. If a soft roof is being arranged, then the lathing should be continuous; plywood must be used for this. To make the roof, you can apply a roofing covering, which will play the role of hydroprotection. You will need insulation and vapor barrier.
Work technology
If you are thinking about how to make a gable roof, then you first need to lay the Mauerlat. The beam should be placed along the length and docked at the corners. Move the element to inside. TO brick walls the mauerlat is fixed with anchors, but first it is necessary to lay the rolled waterproofing material in two layers. The beam is treated with an antiseptic, and on internal walls beds are laid, a waterproofing coating should be placed between the wood and the wall.
A three-pitched roof extension is also suitable. In this case, it is necessary to act according to the described technology. To do this, floor beams should be laid on top of the Mauerlat using boards with dimensions of 50x200 mm. The board should be located at the end, which will increase the rigidity for deflection. The beams are laid in a certain order, first the extreme ones go, then the intermediate ones. The distance between them can be anything, but it should be limited to a range of 50 to 120 cm. If you plan to insulate the ceiling, then you should leave a distance of 60 cm between the beams. And the height of the floor beams should be adjusted with wooden linings.
Work methodology
The three-pitched roof of the extension to the house must have vertical racks. They are laid on floor beams or beds. You can install and secure them with the help of temporary supports and jibs. Racks are fixed to the beams with overlays made of wood or metal. The number of racks should be such that the step between them does not exceed two meters. The post should be located at the edge of the roof, which forms a vertical gable. On the rack there is a ridge beam, which is fixed with overlays or corners.
The side ones are inclined rafters, the upper end of which is fixed on the ridge beam, while the lower end is fixed on the Mauerlat. They must be made according to the template. On it is cut right amount rafters, which are fixed to the ridge beam and the rafter leg.
The side rafters are reinforced with struts. Their thickness should be equal to the thickness of the beams and rafters. Sloping rafters rest on boards or timber. Fixation is carried out with corners or overlays. After it is installed, you can get rid of the temporary jibs and perform the crate. Under corrugated board and metal tiles, it should be sparse, while for ondulin it should be solid. This applies to all types of soft roofing.
Conclusion
A gable roof quite often becomes an ornament not only for a residential building, but also for baths, gazebos, as well as buildings for any other purpose. When the hip slope is oriented in the direction of the prevailing wind load, the roof acquires the ability to withstand fairly strong winds, which makes it more durable.
