The red thread from the evil eye is a talisman that can often be seen on the hand of many people. People believe in magic power threads, give it a sacred meaning. We invite you to find out if the talisman is really so effective from negative external influences, as well as how to wear it correctly in order to achieve a positive result.
Our ancestors invented to tie a red thread on the wrist in order to protect against adverse effects, but so far the amulet has not lost its popularity and is actively used in everyday life.
Using a red thread from the evil eye, you will reliably protect yourself from human envy, which from now on will not have any negative impact on your life. In addition, the amulet will also protect you from your own internal demons.
There are several versions of the appearance of this amulet.
- Our Slavic ancestors worshiped the goddess Swan, who taught people to knit wattle. With the help of this amulet, it was possible to drive away any ailments from your home. In ancient chronicles, one can find references to a thread that is able to store the energy of animals and the sun. Thanks to this, the amulet could bestow health and reliably protect from the evil eye.
- Gypsies have a slightly different version of what is happening. They call the holy gypsy Sarah, who received the ability to predict the future. When the first gypsy baron was chosen, she marked all those applying for this role with the help of a red thread from her attire. As a result, they chose a gypsy by name, because his thread suddenly began to glow with a bright glow.
- The Germans have a legend about the divine Nevehege, who saved those who fell ill with the plague with the help of a thread. The goddess herself miraculously managed to avoid infection.
You can consider all versions for a very long time. But the legend of the Israelite people is recognized all over the world. It says that the grave of Rachel (according to Kabbalah - the mother of the whole world) was wrapped around a red thread. It was cut into pieces and distributed to the inhabitants of the city. It was after this that they began to tie a similar amulet at birth to newborns in order to protect the baby from negative influences.
What thread is right for you?
Of course, there are both adherents of the theory about the benefits of the red thread, and skeptics - in this case, each person has his own opinion. But there are a number of facts that scientifically confirm the benefits of the amulet.
So, for example, the amulet is created exclusively from woolen thread, which is easily explained by medicine:
- Wool has a positive effect on blood circulation. It promotes more active wound healing and elimination of inflammation.
- Also, wool, although to a small extent, is a supplier of static electricity.
- Our ancestors with the help of wool successfully treated pain of various etiologies. And sheep's wool in ancient times was used to save premature babies.
- Wool contains lanolin, which, in contact with body heat, begins to flow into the blood. It is characterized by an increased effect on the muscles, as well as on the spine and joints. Helps to strengthen the body and quickly eliminate pain.
On which hand they wear a red thread from the evil eye
The amulet should be worn on the left hand. It is she who is responsible for the attraction of various goods, while the right one is responsible for bestowal. The knots tied on a red thread are the personification of the spiritual dimension of our reality.
It must be remembered that an ordinary red thread tied on a hand will not have magical power. To do this, you will need to tie it in a special way, as well as read a special plot. Amulets brought from Jerusalem have great power.
From the moment you entrust your life to the amulet, you must adhere to the laws of God. Do not do bad deeds and cleanse yourself of negative thoughts. Indeed, by putting on a woolen amulet, you give the Almighty a promise to be obedient and observe the rules of the spiritual world.
Therefore, cleanse your mind of negative feelings: envy, anger, condemnation, deceit, negative habits, and others. Remember that you are responsible for your words, thoughts and actions. Only positive energy should come from you if you want to be protected by a woolen thread.
If the amulet suddenly bursts, this is not a reason to panic. He simply overflowed with negativity, which is why now he cannot perform his function. You need to replace the thread with a new one.
How to tie a thread?
There are also several theories here. Pay attention to these rules if you want the red thread to give you its magical help:
- Traditionally, it is believed that a close relative can tie a red thread - in this case, the protective effect will be expressed as much as possible. At the same time, it is necessary to tie the thread into seven knots, because the seven is a special bright number in magic.
- The amulet is tied on the wrist of the left hand. It is believed that the left side of our energy body is responsible for the entry of negativity into the body. And the thread tied on the left hand blocks any negative energy.
- When you use the red thread, it is important to control your behavior: try not to experience negative experiences, especially if they relate to others. This will negate the power of the bracelet.
How to speak amulets
The main rule - when you tie a red thread, stay in a harmonious mood. Otherwise, wool will “remember” your emotions and bring your negativity back. It is important that the number of knots on the thread is odd and does not exceed seven. Each knot is tied consciously. When you perform the ovary, say to yourself what exactly you dedicate the knots to.
For example:
- the first node - "Protects me from the evil eye";
- the second - “Removes any pathologies from me”;
- the third - "Keep adversity out of my life" and so on.
Formulate your desire as precisely as possible in order to charge the knot with the necessary energy.
It is forbidden to tie the amulet yourself. In this case, you risk letting trouble into your life.
Properties has a red thread
Everyone knows that with the help of a red thread you can protect yourself from the evil eye. But, according to the sorcerers, this is not the only property that the thread has:
- A properly tied amulet eliminates any damage and heals the human energy body from them. Owners of the red thread quite often observe signs of negative impact in a dream. This amulet, with the help of the subconscious mind, is trying to inform you that some person is trying to send damage to you, but she does not succeed.
- Did the thread suddenly break or did you lose it? Do not rush to sound the alarm! She just coped with her main function, and the Higher Forces decided that you no longer need such a talisman.
- You can tie not only a red thread, but also choose other color variations - they also have a certain effect, each with its own. For example, a green thread improves love and friendship, orange thread normalizes the situation in the family, blue thread helps you study well, and yellow thread will provide you with rapid career advancement.
Of course, we should not forget that one thread tied around your wrist is not a 100% guarantee of success. You will need to work regularly and keep faith that the Higher powers will help you. Only in this way will you constantly maintain your protection against negative energy from outside.
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If you follow the latest fashion trends, you probably pay attention to how the famous stars of show business behave and look. The appearance of many of them shows what kind of complete freaks they are, which does not prevent them from collecting a huge army of fans. Each of the artists tries to stand out and show their uniqueness, both in art and in appearance. Even the most seemingly insignificant detail plays its strictly assigned role. Today we will talk about one of them, this is Red thread on hand, which means you can read a little lower. On the site, you will find answers to most of your questions, so be sure to add this resource to your bookmarks.
However, before I continue, I would like to tell you about a couple more interesting articles on random topics. For example, what does it mean With a chance, what is Sacred, how to understand the number is not available, what does the letter "SH" mean on a car, etc.
So let's continue what does the red thread on the left hand mean?
Red thread on hand- this is an attribute of teenage fashion, worn without much meaning and purpose, just for show off
Red thread on the wrist- in Kabbalah means an obstacle to dirty energy. Tied up on left wrist, since the amulet protects the aura from negative energy
It should be noted that our great-grandmothers also wore red threads on their hands, tying this magical attribute so that the hand would stop hurting. In general, there used to be a lot of manual labor, the girls washed, threshed grain, dug, and their hands naturally began to get tired and even hurt. As a result, this simple attribute was used to get rid of discomfort in strained muscles and tendons.
In our time, this fashion has resumed, and the beginning of this wave was laid in the West. Understandably, if red thread on hand appeared in some kind of Honduras or Libya, then no one gave a damn about it. However, when fans once saw this very amulet on the Madonna's wrist, then immediately all the youngsters of the world did exactly the same. It is unlikely that anyone was interested in why they put a red thread on their hand, and what effect it has on the body.
As it turned out later, this practice is widespread among Kabbalists. They are sure that if a close relative, lover or friend ties a red woolen thread to a person’s wrist, then in this case this symbol begins to play a rather strong role in his life. The red thread on the hand becomes a powerful amulet against the evil eye and damage. Don't really think it's that simple. It is necessary to first go through the initiation procedure, and only after that the protective amulet will begin to exert its energy effect on the human aura.
Why is it necessary to tie on the left hand, many girls ask? According to the teachings Kabbalists, they suggest that dirty energy enters the human body through the left hand. True, horse-drawn Kabbalists tie threads brought exclusively from places sacred to them.
The followers of Kabbalah believe that red thread tied on the left hand in itself will not save from the evil eye, and by and large it does not represent anything, except for intertwined wool fibers.
According to tradition, only people who treat you with love can tie a thread on your hand, that is, it can be either a loved one or a close relative. The main thing is that these citizens sincerely wish you well, and only in this case the amulet from the evil eye will begin to function correctly, driving away evil spirits and blocking the access of negative energy.
In addition, only highly spiritual people with positive energy can make this amulet, it can be like monks, priests or other clergymen.
If the thread suddenly frayed, then you should not worry, but rather rejoice that some big trouble has passed you by. At the moment when the fibers are torn, it means that the thread has absorbed the maximum amount of negative energy, and averted the trouble by giving all its strength. Now you need to get a new protective amulet, and follow the rules to tie your hand.
Wool itself has a physical effect, with its tingling heats the skin, which allows you to speed up blood circulation in this place. Thus, minor wounds and cuts, as well as arm pain and inflammation, will recover much faster.
Why exactly Red color? The fact is that our ancestors associated this shade with the sun, which gives energy and warmth to all living things. Just pay attention to the national clothes of different peoples, many of them have an ornament in which red patterns are woven. In addition, the color of Mars is red, and it is associated with strength and power.
The researchers explain all these miraculous effects on the body with a small static electricity that constantly envelops the wrist, creating a slight healing effect.
A few hundred years ago, sorcerers, magicians and healers paid attention to medicinal properties natural wool. At that time, woolen headbands made of undyed natural wool were used to get rid of headaches, lumbar, toothaches, as well as aching joints. In addition, weak and premature babies were wrapped in sheep wool, which allowed them to survive and grow up as normal people.
If you think about it, how could you even notice healing properties this material? This is what observation and ingenuity one had to have in order to come to these conclusions. Although, on the other hand, there were practically no other fabrics at that time, linen, cotton, hemp and wool, that's the whole medieval set.
Nowadays, many people, for lack of sufficient Money, are treated for colds and flu with a red thread on the hand. It is not known how productive this practice is, but the savings are enormous.
You will be surprised, but in addition to red, they also tie a pink, and even a blue thread. This is connected with Jewish legends, because the queen of Sheba tied a pink thread to her
Hello dear visitors of my blog. Today I want to tell you about such a unique amulet as a red thread.
Watching famous actors and famous personalities, I paid attention to the red thread tied on their wrist, but what does the red thread on the left hand mean.
It turned out - this is a powerful amulet from the evil eye. Many believe that it gives you the opportunity to become invulnerable, succeed in business and protect yourself from negativity. But is this talisman really so strong and what does it mean? In the article I will tell you what such a thread means, why people wear it and how to use it.
What does the red thread protect from?
The evil eye is a negative energy that harms a person, affects health, success, and can lead to death. Everyone was afraid of him simple people, know even kings.
Followers of Kabbalah believe that bad energy seeps into a person through a channel on the left hand. By tying a charm on your wrist, you repel evil, which can be directed from ill-wishers or supernatural beings.
It turns out that people who wear a scarlet thread on their wrists experience significant changes in their lives. Good luck accompanies a person, health improves, he is not influenced by negative energy from the outside.
What exactly should be the thread
There are threads of various colors, but only one can protect against diseases, spoilage and change life for the better. It is red wool thread has such power. Many peoples have their own version of the explanation for this.
The Slavs worshiped the goddess Swan, who ordered people to hang a scarlet thread on the wattle fence to protect the house from ailments.
And in the ancient Chinese teachings of Feng Shui, it was believed that a red thread tied by a girl on a tree attracts love to her and helps her to get married safely.
The Jews say that everything started from Israel, when a red thread was tied around the grave of Rachel. She is considered the mother of the whole world and wanted to protect her children. On her grave, believers charge red strings with maternal love.
That's what the thread is for - by putting it on, a person establishes a connection with the energy of Rachel, which blocks evil. Imagine, we can enjoy a huge protective power while we just wear a thread on our wrist.
Another condition is wool. Why use wool thread? And here, it turns out everything is very simple. Woolen thread affects blood circulation in the vessels. By tying it on your hand, you will accelerate the healing of wounds, relieve inflammation.
Ancient healers noticed this feature of wool. From headache, lumbar pain were treated by applying a woolen cloth. Even weak children in the old days were wrapped in sheep's wool and saved in this way.
But in order to acquire such a talisman, it is not enough just to have a thread on your wrist. You need to know which hand to tie it on, to put meaning into such an action.
How to tie a thread
Since the red thread is considered a Jewish talisman, some go to Israel to get it. There, a monk or pious women who carry light energy tie a protective thread to them. Along with this, they read a prayer and put good emotions into this action.
However, do not be upset if you do not plan a trip to Israel, it is possible to tie a thread at home. But you need to do it right. Just tied scarlet thread will not protect against the evil eye. Many believe that such a talisman should be purchased on their own, and not accepted as a gift.
To tie a charm on your left wrist should be entrusted to a close person who sincerely wants good for you. He must tie seven knots on it. During their formation, protective energy is fixed, which will stop negative influences.
In the process, a loved one puts messages into the knots so that the thread brings prosperity, health and good luck, protects it from negativity, that is, programs it.
While the thread is being tied to you, you need to ask the higher powers for mercy, kindness and protection. No need to be upset if the thread breaks while tying knots. It is believed that a great danger has passed by you.
How to wear red thread
If you did everything correctly, the wonderful thread will become a talisman, it will protect you from negative energy. But that's not all!
As soon as the magic thread is on your wrist, you need to make a promise to yourself that now you will refrain from bad deeds, words and thoughts. It is important not to condemn, not to offend, not to interfere in quarrels. Own negative behavior will weaken protective action threads. Good deeds will feed it with pure energy.
Putting on a red thread, you make a promise to live according to the precepts of the spiritual world. You need to get rid of everything negative and live positively, treat others kindly. And the thread will help the owner - it will drive away the bad and will attract prosperity, health and good luck.
Recently, I also became the owner of such a thread. She brought pleasant changes in my personal life into my life, I feel a surge of strength, things are great at work. And most importantly, I began to look at the world with different eyes, smile and see a lot of good in people.
Do you want your loved one to have everything wonderful? Tie a magic thread on his wrist with the wish of protection and goodness from the bottom of my heart.
On this I say goodbye to you. If my article was interesting, and you found something useful and valuable for yourself in it, share it with your friends on social networks.
You might think that the red thread on the wrist is just a fashion accessory that has been especially popular in recent years. Such a protective talisman helps to cope with many problems. In order for it to begin to act, it is necessary not only to tie a red thread on the right hand, but also to perform a certain magical ritual.
The red thread on the hand will help get rid of many problems
The amulet helps protect against damage, fierce hatred, envy and the evil eye. All this negativity deprives a person of a normal life, health and does not allow him to fully reveal his innate potential.
The magic thread also affects the wearer himself. It can give a person peace of mind, confidence in own forces to help him discover his talents to the fullest.
The red thread on the hand has had a special meaning for a long time. She was considered endowed magic power in different peoples. Followers of Kabbalah believe that initially a skein of red thread was wrapped seven times around the tomb in which the wife of Patriarch Jacob lay, after which the thread was cut into small pieces, tied around the wrist and worn as a talisman.
According to Kabbalistic teaching, left hand man is a conductor for cosmic energies. Through it, the connection of the soul and body with higher forces is carried out.
The left side of the body can also receive negative energy spilled around us. Followers of Kabbalah wear a talisman on their left hand, trying to prevent everything that can harm them from penetrating into the body and aura. Red thread on the wrist right hand, in their opinion, does not carry any energy load or protective function.
Slavic traditions of wearing a red thread
The Slavic way of wearing a red thread on the hand has its own meaning, which differs from the Buddhist worldview. The basis of the Slavic tradition:
- a woolen red thread on the wrist means that a person is protected from the evil eye, the machinations of evil spirits, evil forces and witchcraft spells;
- You can tie the thread yourself or with the help of a blood relative;
- be sure to make seven knots on a string;
- while putting on the talisman, a special prayer is read, directing a certain message to higher powers;
- for the ritual there should be a special mood - you need to get rid of the fuss, worries, problems and everything that prevents you from relaxing and tuning in a positive way.
If the amulet is torn, there is no need to panic, some esotericists claim that he took the blow intended for its owner and saved him from trouble.
Slavic customs allow the equivalent wearing of an amulet on both hands. On the left - helps to protect yourself from outside interference in your destiny, health and thoughts. And what does the red thread on the wrist of the right hand mean, let's consider this in more detail.
Wearing a red thread on the right hand
If a woolen thread on the left wrist means protection, then on the right hand it is worn for completely different purposes. The ritual that was associated with this protective talisman was taken very seriously. It was carried out only on the growing moon or on the full moon in order to enhance the magical effect of the conspiracy.
The red thread on the hand will attract success
How the ceremony was performed:
- at night, the closest relative should cut off a small piece of red woolen thread from the ball;
- the future bearer of the amulet made the most cherished wish;
- during the ritual, you had to think about what you would like to receive from your talisman;
- the ends of the threads were tied together with knots;
- They knitted seven knots and during this they read "Our Father" or a special prayer.
A red thread tied on the right hand became a magical talisman that began to attract health, family happiness, success in business and wealth into a person’s life. The Slavs believed that after such a ceremony, life would change for the better, and there would be prosperity and prosperity in the house.
Many people, following the fashion, tie a red thread on their arm and wear it as a simple accessory. Such an attitude towards the talisman will lead to the fact that magic will leave it. The red thread tied around the wrist with the right gains its power only when one sincerely believes in its magical power.
Why does the thread have to be red?
Any red thread tied on the right wrist is a traditional talisman for many peoples of the world. In different religions, there are legends or tales explaining why you need to wear a thread of this color.
Fiery hues have always been considered more suitable for magical purposes. In this color, a huge force and energy is concentrated, sometimes capable of not only destroying, but also protecting.
The ancients saw the power of fire, destroying everything in its path. However, every morning they waited for the red sun to rise in the sky in order to bless all life around with its rays.
The red thread will help the girl to successfully marry
People believed that the red thread tied on the right hand had magic power and perform these functions. Red thread on the right wrist:
- improves health;
- relieves loneliness;
- brings prosperity to the house;
- helps a girl to successfully marry;
- helps to an infant grow strong and healthy;
- makes a man stronger and more courageous;
- brings good luck in trading;
- makes women sexy and desirable;
- fulfills wishes;
- helps to conceive and carry a child;
- binds her husband to herself and does not allow him to stare at other women;
- provides its owner with a comfortable life.
Even if three positions from this list can be attracted into your life with the help of a woolen red thread, then it must be worn.
What they say about the red thread of the legend
An ancient Slavic legend tells that the goddess Swan descended from heaven and taught people to tie a red thread on a wattle fence near the house. Thus, she showed how to make a talisman for each family, which will help save the home from the raids of dashing people, from hunger and disease, from floods, thunderstorms or drought.
Since then, this tradition has firmly entered the everyday life of the Slavic peoples. The thread began to be tied near the house for the safety of the vast "household" and on the hands to make the talisman more personal for each of its owners.
In India, a red thread is tied on the right hand of unmarried girls. Then the supreme deities saw that the girl was free, and sent a rich groom to her.
In Germany, a red thread was worn as a talisman during a plague epidemic so that the disease would not affect any of the family members.
In North America, the Indians wore a red woolen thread around the wrist of their right hand to promote health. They also tied it to women in labor, and childbirth was easy.
Whatever our distant ancestors believed in, it is important that sincere faith gives any talisman a special power. Who knows, maybe this power comes from the depths of our own consciousness and we are able to create real miracles.
Increasingly in modern society people begin to use protective amulets, icons, pray for help and protection to the Almighty. Despite the progress and the emergence of many benefits of civilization, human existence has not become easier and more comfortable.
In bustling metropolitan areas and densely populated cities, people feel endlessly alone and vulnerable. Among the variety of protective amulets, the red thread on the wrist is especially popular. And what does this amulet mean and how to use it correctly, we will tell in this article.
History of the protective coast
There are many assumptions about where the red thread amulet came from. Most scientists dealing with this issue agreed that the talisman takes its origins in the Jewish teachings of Kabbalah. Kabbalah is an ancient teaching with esoteric origins, often using magic in its rituals, and sometimes even sacrifices.
Cabalists believe that a red thread bracelet on the wrist can protect a person from negative influences from outside. And in some cases, the amulet is even able to fulfill the desires of its owner.
The Christian church does not accept Hindu teachings as a belief, and considers bondage a sinful science. Although the red thread can often be found in the ritual actions of the ancient Slavs. Our ancestors tied a red thread on their hands for joint diseases and for general human protection. It was believed that a red woolen thread has incredible energy.
- Despite the fact that official medicine does not recognize the therapeutic effect of the red thread on the human body, many people claim that they have felt all the healing and protective power of this talisman.
- The red thread is present as a talisman and in gypsy ritual actions. Gypsies have a whole legend dedicated to the red thread:
“Saint Sarah, revered by the gypsies, was empowered to choose the first gypsy baron. They should be the most honest, brave and wise man. And the scarlet thread, which she tied on the hands of the applicants, helped the Holy Virgin to make a choice. When all the bracelets were tied, the thread sparkled with gold on Joseph, and he became the very first gypsy baron.
Buddhists also revere the red thread. All men and women who are already bound by marriage tie a red thread on their left wrist. It is believed that such an amulet helps to keep family relationships love and idyll. And unmarried boys and girls, on the contrary, tie a thread on their right wrist. Thus, attracting your betrothed or betrothed.
In China, a red thread tied around the wrist is considered the thread of fate. This talisman helps to keep the connection between loved ones and protects from everything dashing. And also in Asian countries, it is customary to hang a fish on a red thread, which means endless prosperity and abundance.
Secrets of red color and wool
Wool natural material positive effect on the whole organism. In addition, wool has an electrostatic effect, which is why wearing wool products helps relieve migraine pains, improves blood circulation, relieves toothache and joint pain.
In addition, in many world religions, red is associated with living blood, and the thread tied around the wrist with its flow.
How to tie a red thread
It is believed that the left side is more susceptible to negative influence from the outside, therefore, for the most part, the amulet is tied on the left wrist.
You need to wear the amulet for forty days. It is this period of time that the thread is able to attract positive energy and drive away the negative.
There is nothing complicated in tying a red thread on your hand, however, some rules still need to be followed:
- The thread should be tied by a close relative or a person whom you completely trust;
- The thread is tied to exactly seven knots, while pronouncing a certain prayer;
- The strongest amulet is considered to be a thread bought in Jerusalem or from the followers of the Cabal;
- When there is a protective rite, you need to think only about the good and get rid of destructive and sinful thoughts.
If the rite went according to all the rules, the talisman is able to work miracles. So what is the red thread capable of giving to its owner? And the magic talisman will bring the following benefits to its owner:
- Harmony in personal life;
- Success at work and career growth;
- Will guide you on the right path, help in all good undertakings;
- Protects from damage and the evil eye;
- Improves physical condition, strengthens the spirit.
Protective conspiracies on the red thread
In order for the amulet to have the power, it must be spoken. The most powerful protective conspiracy on the red thread is considered the prayer of the cabalists "Ben Porat":
“Have mercy on me (name), Lord, and save, father, savior of the world, Jesus Christ, mother Holy Mother of God, all-all saints. Lord, bless, save, have mercy, in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. Amen"
The prayer must be read seven times, for each knot tied.
Are you, due to religious or any other reasons, not ready to read a Kabbalistic spell, there are several more strong prayers on the red thread:
“The servant of God (name) is healed, theologizing, from the Holy Spirit, the Savior's hand, the seal of the Cross, the Virgin. The cross above me, the cross in front of me, be you, the enemy, damned, driven through the lands into empty gaps, obscene pits. In the name of the Lord, the father of what is happening, the life-giving cross. I ask for mercy. Amen". This prayer is used to get rid of corruption if it has already been done.
What to do if the amulet is damaged or lost?
The loss of the charmed red thread only indicates that the amulet has completed its protective mission, and its owner is in absolute safety.
If the thread broke before your eyes, then a strong negative influence was made on you, and the amulet took over all the bad energies. In this case, the thread must be washed in flowing waters and throw away.
Rules for wearing a red thread
- The amulet will protect its owner only if he sincerely believes in his miraculous power. When a person wears a talisman only as a fashion accessory, it is unlikely that the thread will bring him good luck or give him protection.
- When wearing a talisman, protect yourself from going to haunted places and remove swear words from your vocabulary. Try to behave more dignified, remember, the Higher Powers do not like vulgarity.
- If the talisman helped you in any way, walk along the red thread with your palm, with words of gratitude.
- If the talisman is torn too often, then the person has a strong ill-wisher. In this case, the old thread must be washed in water, and then burned, in its place, tying a new one.
- A red thread amulet should be worn for no more than 40 days. But if a person feels vulnerable and needs constant protection, the talisman can be worn all the time.
Whether or not to trust the magic of the red thread is up to you. But if you have already decided to conduct a protective ritual, approach it as responsibly as possible. Be healthy and happy, may the Higher Forces keep you!
Red thread on the wrist - what does it mean? was last modified: October 31st, 2017 by Bogolub
