It belongs to the number of very rare pathologies (there are 12-14 ectopic pregnancies per thousand pregnancies) and represents a failure in the most complex process of reproducing life, during which the attachment of a fertilized egg occurs outside the uterus.
The reasons for this phenomenon are poor patency (or complete obstruction) or their low peristalsis. As a result, the fertilized egg cannot or "does not have time" to reach the uterus, attaches inside the tube and starts dividing.
This is how an ectopic pregnancy occurs. Its types are determined by the place of attachment of the embryo. Distinguish between tubal (occurs much more often than others - 99% of the total number of ectopic pathologies), cervical, abdominal and ovarian ectopic pregnancies.
Definition of an ectopic pregnancy.
It is very difficult to diagnose the onset of pathology even in medical institution... The clinical symptoms of developing pregnancy are blurred or inconsistent. Often, with an ectopic pregnancy, menstruation occurs, but they can be scarce or out of date. Those who appear after the cessation of menstruation should cause special alertness.
The answer to the question "how to determine an ectopic pregnancy on your own" simply does not exist.
The course and termination of an ectopic pregnancy.
It is clear that having attached in the "wrong" place, the embryo cannot develop, since the woman's fallopian tubes (as well as the cervix, ovaries, or are not adapted for carrying a child. Therefore, any ectopic pregnancy ends in interruption and death of the fetus.
A tubal pregnancy can last 6-8 weeks, depending on the place of attachment of the embryo and on the characteristics of the female body. Then it stops. This happens in one of the following ways.
There is a detachment of the embryo from the walls of the tube, accompanied by their damage and severe bleeding. The embryo, together with the blood, is thrown into the uterine cavity or into the abdominal cavity. The woman experiences severe pain in the lower abdomen, accompanied by bloody discharge. This method of terminating an ectopic pregnancy is called tubal abortion or tubal miscarriage. Requires immediate medical attention.
Rupture of the fallopian tube. It occurs as a result of the pressure exerted by the actively developing fetus on the tube at the place of its attachment. The fertilized egg, along with the blood, is thrown into the abdominal cavity. This is an extremely dangerous situation for a woman, which can be fatal. It is accompanied by very severe sharp pains in the lower abdomen, decreased pressure, weakness, and dizziness. The woman's pulse drops, pallor and rapid breathing is observed. Urgent hospitalization is required.
Both described cases pose a serious danger to the life and health of a woman.
It should be remembered that a violation can occur before even a doctor can determine an ectopic pregnancy. The next extreme state comes very quickly. It is fraught with severe bleeding, serious damage to internal organs and loss of reproductive function.
Treatment and
Treatment in its essence is the termination of pregnancy (with the aim of causing the least harm to the female body) as early as possible after identifying an ectopic pregnancy. And the sooner the pathology is diagnosed, the more gentle the method of treatment will be and the less severe the consequences.
Treatment (termination) of an ectopic pregnancy is carried out by surgical methods, the most preferred of which is laparoscopy. Its use is possible in cases where an ectopic pregnancy is diagnosed for early dates and the spontaneous interruption did not start. With a successful operation performed with the help of optics and special, the risk of damage to the fallopian tube is minimal, therefore, it can be expected that the subsequent pregnancy will pass fine.
A more difficult operation is tubotomy, during which the falopian tube is dissected, followed by extraction of the embryo and elimination of the consequences of bleeding. With this method of treatment, maintaining the patency of the pipe is possible, and therefore there are chances for a successful completion future pregnancy.
From the point of view of the consequences for a woman, the most difficult is the operation of tuboectomy. They resort to it in cases where the pregnancy has entered the stage of spontaneous termination and the woman's life is in danger. In this case, the reproductive function cannot be preserved.
In conclusion, let us recall a banal truth. There is one answer to the question "how to define an ectopic pregnancy". Only a doctor can diagnose this type of pathology after a sufficiently extensive and serious examination of a woman.
Ectopic pregnancy is a pathological process that threatens the health, and often life, of a woman. In this case, it is impossible to bear and give birth to a child, and the only way out is to remove the ovum. Early diagnosis avoids negative consequences for the body, and in most cases, fertility is fully preserved. How to recognize pathology in the early stages?
In the absence of violations, fertilization of the egg occurs in the fallopian tube, and the developing embryo penetrates into the uterus only 5-6 days after that. If there are any functional failures in the reproductive system, the embryo is fixed outside the uterus, most often on the tube wall. At first, it develops normally, but then either the fetus freezes or the tissue surrounding it ruptures, which does not have the ability to stretch. Both options are hazardous to health and you cannot do without medical intervention.
Most often, an ectopic pregnancy is localized in the fallopian tubes (about 97%). In other cases, the embryo is fixed in the ovaries, abdominal cavity and cervix. Sometimes an ectopic can occur simultaneously with a normal pregnancy, and then one embryo enters the uterus, and the second is fixed outside of it.
The main signs of pathology
At first, an ectopic pregnancy manifests itself in the same way as a normal one: there is a delay in menstruation, the mammary glands are filled, nausea and slight malaise occur. It is impossible to determine by these signs that pregnancy is not developing like this. The only difference between the normal process and the pathology is the severity of the pregnancy test strips. Although this method cannot be called reliable, it should not be completely ignored.
So, you have cause for concern if:
- the second stripe is noticeably paler than the first;
- when conducting several tests at intervals of 2-3 days, the brightness of both stripes decreases each time;
- with characteristic symptoms of pregnancy, the test shows a negative result.
As you know, the test reacts to a special hormone produced in the body only during pregnancy. When the embryo is located outside the uterine cavity, the concentration of the hormone is reduced, which is manifested by the pale color of the strip on the test. At very low concentrations, the result is usually negative. And yet, this is not a direct indication of an ectopic pregnancy, because much depends on the characteristics of the body and the quality of the test itself.
The characteristic signs of pathology, which appear a little later, include bloody issues and pain in the lower abdomen. The earliest symptom is changes menstrual cycle: Periods are delayed or less frequent than usual. In some cases, along with the blood, mucus and fragments of the torn membrane come out. This is how the endometrium reacts to the presence of an embryo in the fallopian tube. Many do not attach importance to such changes, as a result of which an ectopic pregnancy is diagnosed too late.
In some cases, on the contrary, the discharge is profuse, especially if an ectopic pregnancy develops in the cervix. There are many blood vessels in this area, and therefore any damage to the membrane can provoke severe bleeding, sometimes even life-threatening.
The pain has a pulling character and usually occurs on the side where the embryo is fixed. If these are pipes, then it hurts on the left or right side of the abdomen, with pathology in the abdominal zone or cervix, the pain appears in the middle.
When walking, bending and turning the body, changing position, it intensifies. The dependence of the timing of the onset of pain on the location of the embryo is noted: in the ovaries and the abdominal zone, it begins to hurt from 4 weeks, in the isthmus of the tubes from 5-6 weeks, in the ampulla from 8 weeks. The development of the embryo in the cervix of the uterus is accompanied by pain in rare cases, so the dangerous condition remains unnoticed for a long time.
In rare cases, the embryo detaches spontaneously and leaves with blood and mucus. This is the most favorable option, the most gentle for the body. Of course, a woman cannot independently determine the rejection of the ovum, so a visit to a gynecologist is mandatory.
A visit to a gynecologist and tests is a mandatory measure if an ectopic pregnancy is suspected
Definition of an ectopic pregnancy
Pain and discharge upon confirmation of the test and characteristic features pregnancy is not yet direct evidence of an abnormal location of the embryo. To identify pathology as early as possible, you first need to be examined by a gynecologist and be tested. A discrepancy in the level of concentration of hormones in a laboratory study more accurately indicates a pathology, although additional confirmation is needed for the diagnosis.
The most indicative method is ultrasound, but the presence of an embryo can be determined only from 5 weeks. If the level of hormones is high, and the fetus in the uterus cannot be detected, this indicates a pathological process. But sometimes, with such a study, blood clots or fluid accumulated in the uterus are mistaken for a fetus, and a real embryo remains unnoticed in the tubes or ovaries. To avoid such mistakes, the doctor must take into account the indirect signs - the expansion of the fallopian tube and the presence of fluid in the small pelvis.
With obvious symptoms of pathological pregnancy, transvaginal ultrasound is prescribed. This method allows you to detect an embryo from 3 weeks of development. It is not recommended to use it without sufficient reason, so as not to provoke a miscarriage, if suddenly the diagnosis turns out to be erroneous.
There is another method for early diagnosis - laparoscopy. This procedure is used only when absolutely necessary, if the woman has the main symptoms of pathology. With the help of a laparoscope equipped with a miniature camera, the doctor can pinpoint the position of the embryo and confirm or deny the diagnosis. It often happens that the uterine form of pregnancy is abnormal and manifests itself in the same signs as the ectopic one. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the ovum is removed immediately. This avoids tube rupture, which can occur between 6-10 weeks of gestation.
In order to recognize an ectopic pregnancy as early as possible, you need to listen very carefully to your feelings, carefully observe the reactions of the body and notice any changes. Do not wait until the signs become too obvious, it is better to play it safe and get tested.
Video - How to recognize an ectopic pregnancy in the early stages
Ectopic or ectopic pregnancies represent approximately 2% of all pregnancies. And although the probability is small, any woman can face this problem, because the exact reasons for this development of events are not fully known. What are the signs of an ectopic pregnancy, and how long can it be recognized? Obstetrician-gynecologist Viktoria Gukovskaya speaks.
In an ectopic pregnancy, a zygote - a cell formed as a result of fertilization of an egg by a sperm - does not reach the cavity, as it happens during a normal pregnancy, but remains in the fallopian tube. Less commonly, it is pushed out of the tube in the opposite direction and attached to the ovary or to the surrounding peritoneum. This is fraught with complications and threatens the woman's life.
"A tubal ectopic pregnancy can result in either a tubal abortion, when there is a complete or partial detachment of the embryo from the wall of the fallopian tube and the release of the egg into the abdominal cavity, or rupture of the fallopian tube. In both cases, internal bleeding occurs, and if the patient is not treated promptly, the patient may die," - explains the obstetrician-gynecologist.
Among the causes of ectopic pregnancy, doctors call a long-term chronic inflammatory process of the pelvic organs. In addition, such a pregnancy can occur as a result of adhesions in the small pelvis, caused by previous infections or operations. Those women who have had an artificial abortion, especially the first one, are also at risk. Also, an ectopic pregnancy can develop with a tumor and with abnormal development of the genitals, when, for example, the fallopian tubes are of an irregular shape.
How to recognize an ectopic pregnancy?
"Among the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy are the following: pain in the lower abdomen - from pulling to acute, weakness, dizziness, fainting. Another vivid sign of a possible ectopic pregnancy is bleeding from the genital tract: from smearing dark brown to scarlet," - says Victoria Gukovskaya.
If you have these symptoms, you should see a doctor as soon as possible. The gynecologist will conduct an ultrasound scan to determine if there is a fertilized egg outside the uterus. With abdominal ultrasound examination, the ovum in the uterus can be detected at term, and with vaginal ultrasound, at term.
In addition, the gynecologist will prescribe a blood test for hCG (chorionic gonadotropin - a hormone secreted by the placenta during pregnancy). As a rule, with an ectopic pregnancy, the indicators of this hormone are less and they grow more slowly than with a uterine pregnancy of the same period.
Treatment and prevention of ectopic pregnancy
Today, doctors can only offer surgical treatment; the issue of the possibility of preserving the tube is individually decided. "As a surgical intervention, laparoscopy is used - this is an endoscopic operation that is performed without cutting the anterior abdominal wall using special optical equipment. It allows you to remove the ovum from the tube with the least damage and most sparingly, cauterize the damaged vessels and save the tube," explains the doctor ...
Gynecologists believe that the main thing to be wary of after a safely performed operation is inflammatory diseases - it is because of them that the risk of repeated ectopic pregnancy increases.
Discussion
Hello everyone the other day I found out that I had an ectopic pregnancy. And it was like this I went to the doctor with pain in the abdomen and menstruation that does not go away so the doctor said that I had to go to the hospital. I went to bed and drip me for a week and let me go home. I felt bad and they put me back in the hospital, I already said that I had a non-uterine pregnancy, and they performed an operation and removed the tube, so it happens that doctors are not always able to recognize the disease
03/09/2019 15:20:09, SwallowI had an ectopic pregnancy, after all the treatment I have been taking for 22 days after the operation, it should have already gotten better, but like after the operation I had a problem with difficulty breathing and now, I can’t turn over the right side hurts where the tube was removed and on the right side it hurts up to my neck tightens and has difficulty breathing and everything seems to overlap, she also said to the doctor in the clinic that it hurts, but nothing was added to the treatment, and I can’t breathe normally I’m having difficulty and laughing normally I can’t and cannot sleep the right side hurts this is an abnormal phenomenon how to be and now is the weekend I don’t know what to do an ambulance.
01/12/2019 11:49:43, DilnazGirls, I've been drinking jess from polykestosis for the second month already, I don't see any improvements. But I’m already two weeks late this month? What could it be???
09.09.2018 20:30:40, AMINA sautovaWhy is only the operation allowed ??? For a long time, medicines have been used both in our country and abroad, if they do not help, then yes - they cut it. and me in the USA 2 weeks ago and a friend in Ukraine (3 years ago) were injected with Methotrexate, it seems. It dissolves the placenta and different education... Check your hCG level every 48 hours. Ugh ugh everything worked out with injections. And so they found an ectopic in the right tube for 7 weeks. There was a brown daub and weakness of the body. On ultrasound and after tests, they confirmed, prescribed treatment
12.24.2017 22:45:49, NastyaF84I had an ectopic pregnancy ... After it, the doctor prescribed wobenzym to me so that there were no adhesions in the tubes and the egg was attached where necessary. Then she gave birth normally, the baby is already 5 months old)
Darling, I am writing and holding in my arms my golden sleeping daughter 3 months old. A year ago, I had an ectopic pregnancy. Apparently, there was stress at work, before that I was healthy as a horse, not a single female sore. At that time I was 31 years old. 5 tests showed a positive result. I flew to the doctor, she said that I was not pregnant and sent me home. And this is in Germany with its vaunted medicine. If I were a fool, I would believe and wait for the tube to burst. For a week I went to another doctor every 2 days to take a blood test. Blood began to flow and I decided to act, because everything was clear and incomprehensible - why still wait? I went to the third doctor, she, too, did not see anything in the uterus, and neither did the tube, and it was already the 8th week after the last menstruation. She sent me to the hospital, where I was examined by the 4th doctor and professor, who only suggested that the fetus was in the right tube. And immediately on the same day, an operation was scheduled, because delay, as they say, is like death. Thank God, they left the tube, it was not damaged, but the chances of getting pregnant dropped to 80%. After 2 months, they were allowed to become pregnant. The result is pregnancy in 3 months.
Hope I gave someone hope. The main thing is not to waste your time and look for good doctors.
The article is good. Thank you.
I was very upset by the comments where women write about abortion. But abortion is a sin. Nobody gives the right to a person to interrupt the life of another person.
Hello ... 7 years ago something happened to me that today, again made me worry ... my stomach ached ... before the delay there were 5 more days, had a floor to the doctor, had an examination, saw signs of inflammation and possibly a cyst ... made ultrasound, all this was confirmed, only not a cyst but a corpus luteum ... did pregnancy tests (2 different), both negative, took to the hospital to treat inflammation, prescribed an antibiotic and began to treat ... the pain intensified, lay by that time for a week, by 10 doctors stood in a row and each looked and threw up his hands who said that pregnancy who, what ectopic pregnancy, and who was inclined that it was a cyst and inflammation ... the ultrasound still showed a corpus luteum ... then they said to donate blood for pregnancy, the analysis showed that there is a pregnancy, but the indicators are very small ... and again the discussion is ectopic or not, some speak quickly to save, others quickly to laproscopy ... in the evening they say "do not eat anything tomorrow morning we will do the operation and that's it, don't worry, and they give birth with one tube (I'm 19 years old, I burst into tears from this news) but something jerked me that evening, without telling the doctors to call my husband and quickly go back to the ultrasound scan ... the ultrasound showed 2 weeks of normal pregnancy, the ovum was attached and it could be noticed .. so, and I thought: what would I not go on an ultrasound scan on the eve of the operation: I would have the tube removed, and then, suddenly my stomach would start to grow? or what would become of my baby who is now 7 years old ?? and all these antibiotics that were injected for 2 weeks ... a freak can be born from this treatment of inflammation ....) in the end, all 9 months in persistence, and premature birth. but now, after 7 years ... my stomach hurt, before the delay was another week, I went to the doctor ... she looked and said that inflammation and cysts might have done ultrasound this was confirmed (more precisely, not cysts, but a corpus luteum), I was again promptly told to go to the hospital for treatment ... and then I felt zhedava ... already when I got out and got into the car ... go to the hospital to go to bed tomorrow, I'll tell you this case to the doctor ... so as not to guess on chamomile and not wasting time, since at the moment I would not like a child, go right away and donate blood before treatment ... I don't understand why doctors keep maps of diseases if every time they start to heal by the selection method, if you can initially go by excluding what has already happened ...
04/25/2014 01:04:08, jusifrutikThank you for the article. I have always been afraid of her, but now it is clear that there is nothing to be afraid of.
Hello. my first pregnancy and abortion was at 17 years old. at 20 I gave birth by caesarean section the child at the appointed time. I have not accepted for half a year now birth control pills and we do not particularly protect ourselves with our spouse. the last menstruation was February 2-6, in March the planned period did not come and I did a positive test. has not been registered yet. I went to the doctor after I had bleeding on March 21, blood clots (you can have your period). they did an ultrasound scan, looked at the chair, they did not find pregnancy. Has already done 6 tests, all positive. the chest does not hurt, "the period is coming." tomorrow I'm going to donate blood to determine pregnancy. but they are tormented by fears and guesses. what it can be and how it can be dangerous. Thank you
Is it possible to get pregnant like that ("crosswise") ??? - ?????? 2009 Laparoscopy.Adhesiolysis.CSS.Left ovary resection. (There was a left ovarian cyst anechoic formation, size 94 * 57 * 92mm) fine.
After undergoing treatment, passing all tests with her husband, no serious abnormalities were detected. But the following happens: 2012 Operation-Laporotamia, Tubectomy on the right, Wedge-shaped resection of the right ovary. (Diagnosis: tubal pregnancy on the right, Internal bleeding at 8 weeks. Polycystic of the right ovary) The postoperative period was uneventful.
then, half a year later, I underwent Metrosalpingography (the left fallopian tube is of normal shape and completely passable without deformations, the right one is half missing and sutured). Testing for all infections is negative. The spermogram is normal. The uterus is not deformed, the contours are even.
Question:
(During the operation for the ectopic, it turned out that in 2009 they removed the ovary to me and did not say anything, and did not write in the conclusion except "Resection of the left ovary".)
It turns out that the left tube is perfectly passable, the working right ovary, the spermogram is normal, ovulation occurs.
Is it possible to get pregnant like that ("cross") ??? - ?????? Very long-awaited baby.
Thank you in advance for your answer, I am very worried, so I want to get pregnant
Hello,
I am 35 years old. The first childbirth was at the age of 29, became pregnant immediately, endured and gave birth without problems. Then I didn't plan for a long time. And they started trying in August 2011. My husband had only 5% good sperm, he had prostatitis. He was cured. Sperm counts rose sharply after that. But while he was being treated, we lived without protection. And in January 2012, I had an ectopic pregnancy, they removed the right tube, cleaned the left tube from adhesions and said that the left one was inflamed, too, and it was impossible to get pregnant without treatment. In May, the GHA did the left left pipe, they said it was passable. Aching pains began in July. The doctor advised to do a diagnostic laparoscopy. The result is hydrosalpinx in the remaining tube, endometriosis of the uterus, and adhesions between the tube and intestines. Endometriosis was cleaned during the operation, the tube was also cleaned of fluid, the adhesions were dissected apart from the adhesions between the tube and the intestine. Three weeks have passed after the operation, but that aching pain that was in the area of the tube remained. It only goes away when I drink painkillers. The doctor says this is due to adhesions between the intestines and the tube. He could not get there with a laparoscope. He said that it is not scary and we will treat him with medication. Prescribed Janine, Nimesulide, Ginekogel, Hormel, Cycloferon, as well as sedative motherwort and nerve gel. Please tell me what to do with the pain and is it possible to get pregnant on my own after all that has been described?
Thank you in advance for your response
Dr. DeMuro is a board-certified emergency surgeon based in New York City. Graduated from Stony Brook University School of Medicine in 1996.
The number of sources used in this article:. You will find a list of them at the bottom of the page.
An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy in which a fertilized egg is invaded (attached) not in the uterus, but in the fallopian tubes or other anatomical structures. If untreated, as well as in an undetected uterine pregnancy, this condition may require urgent medical attention. That is why it is so important to recognize the symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy in time, as well as consult a doctor who will make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe treatment if necessary.
Steps
Part 1
Identifying symptoms of an ectopic pregnancyPay attention to the absence of menstruation. If you are missing your period and have unprotected sex, get a pregnancy test.
Try to identify other pregnancy symptoms. If you are pregnant, regardless of whether the egg has invaded the wall of the uterus (as it should normally) or it has happened, for example, in the fallopian tubes or elsewhere (with an ectopic pregnancy), you will most likely still notice some common symptoms (if not most):
Try to see if you have any abdominal pain. If you have already received confirmation that you are pregnant, or if you are still in doubt, but experience frequent abdominal pain, this may be due to an ectopic pregnancy.
Watch for any vaginal bleeding. Light bleeding can occur due to irritation of the fallopian tubes, when they are subjected to mechanical stress, such as scratches, more profuse and serious bleeding can occur if the fetus has already grown to such a size that it can damage (simply rupture) the fallopian tubes. Vaginal bleeding in any case (even with a normal pregnancy) is a warning sign that you need to see a doctor. Especially if we are talking about heavy and constant bleeding - in this case, it is best to seek emergency help (and the sooner the better).
The doctor will prescribe medications to terminate an ectopic pregnancy. The most common drug in such cases is the drug Methotrexate. It is introduced into the body through intramuscular injection (one or more, depending on the urgency of a successful termination of pregnancy).
It is important to know how to determine an ectopic pregnancy in order to prevent the life-threatening consequences of pathology in time. Its signs can be detected in the first weeks of pregnancy using ultrasound and a blood test for hCG.
At home, a woman may notice several indirect symptoms that indicate that the pregnancy is not going well. Only a gynecologist can make an accurate diagnosis after receiving the results of the examination. This takes time, which is limited with the development of an ectopic pregnancy. All women must undergo a physical examination before conception, with the help of which the ability to conceive is determined. When undergoing an ultrasound scan, you can see the state of the organs located in the pelvic cavity. After the onset of pregnancy in the early stages, it is required to register with the antenatal clinic, even if there are no unpleasant sensations. Only such an attitude to health will help to distinguish a normal pregnancy from a pathological one, and prevent formidable complications.
Developing pathology scenario
How to identify an ectopic pregnancy? It is often impossible to identify her at home in the early stages. An ectopic pregnancy develops imperceptibly and often does not bother until 8 weeks. Symptoms that distinguish it from normal appear after the ovum significantly increases in size and actively presses on the walls of the hollow organ where it stopped. The situation can aggravate at any time, and a catastrophe will begin, which, without urgent medical intervention, will lead to the death of the patient.
A woman may suspect an ectopic pregnancy at home if she has special signs that appear against the background of the hCG hormone in the blood. These include the following symptoms:
- bloody issues;
- decrease in discharge during menstruation;
- painful sensations in the lower abdomen;
- weak second strip on the dough.
These signs can appear not only with an ectopic pregnancy. They appear when the embryo is not viable due to pathologies of the genetic material used in fertilization. His death leads to an involuntary abortion, which also threatens women's health.
If there are signs unsuccessful pregnancy, the local gynecologist always recommends that the patient seek immediate medical attention. Ultrasound and other diagnostic methods allow the doctor to quickly make the correct diagnosis and carry out the appropriate treatment.
Pregnant women in the early stages are examined at the antenatal clinic at their place of residence. The sooner the gynecologist conducts the first examination and determines the abnormal development of the embryo, the less the consequences after surgery will be.
If the doctor in the early stages of pregnancy manages to understand that the fertilized egg could not penetrate into the uterus, and was forced to join the wall of the tube or remain in the abdominal cavity, then this will allow it to be removed from the abdominal cavity using gentle techniques.
Indicating an impending disaster
Pregnant women postponing their trip to antenatal clinic, ignoring minor signs of a pathologically developing ovum, greatly risk their health. While they wait for the problem to go away on its own, the embryo grows to a size where the walls of the oviduct cannot withstand its pressure and burst. In this case, symptoms appear indicating severe internal damage.
Fallopian tube rupture is accompanied by thrills:
- A sharp pain suddenly appears in the lower abdomen.
- General weakness is observed.
- Sticky cold sweat covers the whole body.
- The skin turns pale.
- There may be a blue discoloration of the nasolabial triangle.
- The tonometer shows a decrease in blood pressure.
A woman can lose consciousness, and if at this moment no one is at home, she will die from bleeding.
Sharp pain in the lower abdomen and any bleeding are important symptoms of an acute pathological situation that has begun. Pain may appear when the ovum has already increased significantly and began to rupture the walls of the tube. If it is attached outside of her, then this symptom may be absent until the development of peritonitis. With a complete rupture of the wall of the oviduct, severe pain becomes permanent and is localized on the side where the fertilized egg was attached. She gives into the rectum and shoulder, and these are the main signs indicating the termination of an ectopic pregnancy or spontaneous abortion.
Bloody discharge can always be considered as a disturbance in the work of the internal genital organs. This symptom requires consultation with a gynecologist and an ultrasound examination.
Menstruation with little discharge can be attributed to a symptom of an ectopic pregnancy if home test on hCG shows a weak second stripe. Such signs that appeared at home cannot be attributed to normal pregnancy, ignoring them. In any case, the fertilized egg must be removed from the internal organs so that it does not cause purulent peritonitis. This can only be done by a gynecologist.
How experts determine the development of pathology
Ectopic pregnancy prevention begins when planning it. A woman about to become pregnant should be examined by a gynecologist even before the fertilization of the egg. With a preventive examination, you can learn a lot of new and interesting things about your body. Young girls receive a doctor's opinion on the condition of their genitals and the possibility of a normal pregnancy. Women who have experienced a medical abortion or sexually transmitted disease will be aware of the condition of the internal genital organs and the presence of adhesions. With a poor diagnosis, you can undergo treatment that will allow the pregnancy to go through as normal.
A preventive examination does not guarantee that the process of fertilization and embryo growth will be favorable. The way the endocrine system works can cause a fertilized egg to divide too quickly. If the mucous tissues of the fallopian tube are partially destroyed, then the ovum can get stuck in the tube without adhesion. This is observed in patients who underwent long-term complex treatment with antibacterial drugs before pregnancy. A stuck egg with an embryo cannot always be seen with ultrasound, but it is clearly visible whether the uterus is enlarged or not.
After the onset of pregnancy, the gynecologist should examine the woman on the chair in the early stages using a mirror and palpation. This is how the size of the uterus is determined. Its increase indicates that the ovum has safely anchored to the wall of the uterus, and the development of pregnancy has begun. An ultrasound scan confirms the preliminary diagnosis or refutes it.
How to deal with the identified pathology
Doctors have long developed a method of how to determine an ectopic pregnancy, and they use it for preventive purposes. A gynecologist, when examined in the early stages, who found an incorrect fixation of the egg, directs the patient to an ultrasound scan and an analysis indicating the presence of the hCG hormone in the blood. An examination on an ultrasound machine allows you to recognize whether there is an embryo in the uterine cavity or it is not there. Checking the level of the hormone hCG in the blood in the absence of a fetus in the uterus helps to recognize an ectopic pregnancy.
If diagnostic measures have shown that the likelihood of developing an ectopic pregnancy is high, the patient is hospitalized and performed laparoscopy. This is a gentle type of surgical intervention that allows you to examine the tubes and examine them inside for adhesions and an adhered ovum. The gynecologist cannot always say for sure that pathological pregnancy exists. There are places in the fallopian tubes that cannot be examined by ultrasound, and only the introduction of a probe with optical fibers allows you to examine the inner walls of the tubes.
If the ovum is found during laparoscopy at 5-6 weeks, a tubotomy is performed, which allows you to carefully open the fallopian tube, remove adhesions and the ovum from it. This is a gentle type of surgical intervention that allows you to preserve the reproductive organ, and it will be able to continue to perform its function.
At 10-12 weeks, the fallopian tube is severely deformed, and its functionality is impaired. At this time, tubectomy is used, which removes the remains of the pipe that cannot be restored.
Modern methods of sparing surgery make it possible to assess the condition of the female genital organs during the operation without opening the pelvic cavity. But they do not always allow to preserve the destroyed pipe, and this leads to infertility.
