Pregnancy is a diagnosis, and the diagnosis in translation means “management tactics”. Indeed, pregnancy leaves an imprint on the entire body of a woman as a whole, since at this time there are intense changes in all organs and systems of her body.
In addition, pregnancy is a contraindication for the appointment of certain drugs, which is especially important to consider for doctors of other specialties. During pregnancy (signs of pregnancy in the early stages before the delay, that is, the very beginning of a new life, are especially important here), fluorographic or any other x-ray examination that can be prescribed to a woman is contraindicated if she is not known to be pregnant.
Therefore, timely detection of the fact of pregnancy is very important, since the correct management of pregnancy from the earliest dates is the key to its successful completion - the birth of a live, viable child. Based on this, knowledge of the early signs of pregnancy is important both for the patient herself and for doctors of various specialties. This is what will be discussed in our article.
The main directions of pregnancy diagnostics
Often, the diagnosis of pregnancy in a short period presents significant difficulties, since the detected early signs of pregnancy before the delay in menstruation are not very specific and can be observed in other conditions and diseases. Diseases of the glands internal secretion, neuropsychiatric disorders, stressful situations, taking certain medicines can mimic the state of pregnancy, which is misleading for both the doctor and the patient.
The observed hormonal changes during pregnancy lead to the appearance of new subjective sensations, as well as to certain objective changes that are determined by the doctor. In addition to detecting these signs of early pregnancy, additional research methods are used, which include ultrasound and determination of the level of chorionic gonadotropin in the urine (urinary pregnancy test, which can be qualitative and quantitative) and in the blood. These are laboratory signs of pregnancy that can be detected.
But the establishment of the fact of pregnancy does not yet allow to put an end to the diagnostic search. At the next stage, it is important to establish where the fetal egg is localized (in the uterus or outside it), and also whether the pregnancy develops, that is, to exclude a non-developing pregnancy.
Thus, diagnostic search includes three areas:
- diagnosis of pregnancy;
- determination of the place of implantation of the fetal egg;
- determination of the heartbeat of the embryo / fetus (an embryo is a fetal egg up to 8 weeks of development).
Methods of examination of pregnant women
What are the early signs of pregnancy and how to identify them? This is the main question that worries many women trying to get pregnant. First, let's look at how you can determine the signs of pregnancy.
Pregnancy detection is based on an assessment of:
- complaints and subjective feelings of a woman;
- an objective examination of a woman, which includes an examination of the mammary glands and a vaginal examination (using mirrors and a two-handed examination);
- results of additional research methods (ultrasound, blood and urine tests).
Let us dwell in more detail on additional research methods, since the first signs of early pregnancy are difficult to diagnose using a conventional clinical examination (questioning, examination, palpation, etc.).
Ultrasound examination allows you to establish the fact of the presence of pregnancy, its localization, as well as the presence of an embryonic heartbeat, that is, it solves all three main tasks of a diagnostic search. The most reliable and early information can be obtained if the study is carried out using a vaginal sensor. It is important to establish the presence of a heartbeat before the 8th week of pregnancy, since by this time the embryonic heart had already begun to form.
If by this time there are no fetal heartbeats, then, most likely, the pregnancy has frozen (non-developing pregnancy).
Determination of chorionic gonadotropin in the blood or urine (a sign of early pregnancy - 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks) allows you to diagnose the presence of a fetal egg. However, it does not give exact information about the place of its implantation. This can only be indirectly judged - the discrepancy between the level of this hormone (less than normal) and the expected gestational age.
The same can be said about the viability of the product of conception. If the content of chorionic gonadotropin corresponds to the gestational age, then the pregnancy develops normally, and if it is less than normal, then one must think either about a missed pregnancy or an ectopic pregnancy.
Very rarely, there can be a significant increase in this hormone, which is regarded as a serious pathology and indicates a hydatidiform mole or choriocarcinoma. These are varieties of the so-called trophoblastic disease, which refers to oncological diseases. A slight increase in chorionic gonadotropin is the earliest sign of twin pregnancy, that is, it does not characterize the pathology.
Subjective signs of pregnancy
Subjective signs of pregnancy are signs of early pregnancy, which in the medical literature are called doubtful signs. The woman herself talks about these signs. Their appearance is associated with hormonal changes that occur in the mother's body if the egg is fertilized by a sperm. For the same reason, objective symptoms also appear, which the doctor reveals during a thorough examination of the woman.
They are the second most important in the diagnostic search and are called probable signs of pregnancy. The most reliable are reliable signs that are determined only in the second half of pregnancy.
These include:
- fetal movements felt by the doctor;
- fetal heartbeat;
- palpation (groping) of small parts of the fetus.
So, back to the signs of pregnancy in the early stages. These include the following subjective sensations:
- nausea and vomiting (up to 2 times per day is regarded as a variant of the norm, more than 2 times - as a symptom of early toxicosis);
- change in taste sensations (adherence to a certain type of food and aversion to other types);
- increase or decrease in appetite;
- change in smell (hypersensitivity to perfume products, intolerance to tobacco smoke);
- increased irritability;
- frequent mood swings;
- general weakness;
- drowsiness, including during the day;
- non-intense headaches and dizziness associated with reduced vascular tone;
- frequent painless urination;
- engorgement of the mammary glands and their slight increase;
- the appearance of increased pigmentation along the white (middle) line of the abdomen, on the face, on the nipples;
- the appearance of stretch marks, which are due to the influence of glucocorticoid hormones.
This is how pregnancy manifests itself in the early stages, and the signs before and after the delay of menstruation, which are detected, often require additional research methods. At the same time, the earliest sign of pregnancy from additional research methods is the appearance of chorionic gonadotropin in the blood or urine, as discussed above.
Enlargement of the uterus
Enlargement of the uterus is one of the likely signs of early pregnancy. The growth of the uterus is associated with the growth of the embryo and extraembryonic structures (chorion, amnion, yolk sac). This sign in early pregnancy can be established from 2 weeks. We are talking about two weeks from the moment of conception, which correspond to 4 obstetric weeks.
In addition to an increase in the uterus, its shape changes, the consistency of the reaction to various stimuli. Before the era of ultrasound, these changes were regarded as very early signs of pregnancy, which most likely indicate the conception and implantation of the fetal egg. The pregnant uterus has an asymmetric shape, that is, it has a protrusion in the place where the fetal egg has implanted.
Such a uterus is soft, since progesterone, which is released in large quantities during pregnancy, relaxes the smooth muscles (especially the uterus). This causes its increased mobility. The uterus in a pregnant state is able to actively respond to external stimuli, therefore, with a two-handed study, it first tones up and then immediately relaxes.
In addition, during a vaginal examination in order to detect pregnancy in the early stages, it is also important to evaluate the discharge. In pregnant women, they have a white appearance and a thick consistency, since progesterone changes the nature of the vaginal secretion. With a complicated course of pregnancy, their character may change - they either become mucous (this may indicate an increase in estrogen and a decrease in progesterone), or bloody.
Bloody discharge from the genital tract most often indicates a threat of termination of pregnancy, therefore, to maintain it, immediate treatment is required, which includes the appointment of antispasmodics, hemostatic agents and progestin drugs (Dufaston, Utrozhestan, Progesterone). Gestagens are able to influence immune processes that play a very important role in the normal development of pregnancy.
Purulent discharge and early signs of pregnancy are also a reason to contact an obstetrician-gynecologist, as they can lead to infection of the fetal egg, which can be realized in pathology at an early stage or at a later date.
Infection in the initial stages of pregnancy is manifested by non-developing pregnancy or miscarriage, and in the later stages it leads to premature birth, intrauterine infections, placental insufficiency with its consequences (fetal growth retardation and intrauterine fetal hypoxia). Most often, up to 12 weeks of pregnancy, to combat purulent discharge, local therapy is prescribed in the form of suppositories, creams, so that systemic drugs do not have a negative effect on the developing fetus and do not lead to abnormalities in its development.
A period of up to 12 weeks is critical, since at this time all organs and systems are formed and their primary differentiation takes place, therefore, at this time, a pregnant woman, if possible, should not take any medications. In this regard, the earliest signs of pregnancy before the delay of menstruation should be known to every woman who goes to the doctor with a particular disease. She must warn the doctor about them so as not to harm the fetus with the prescribed treatment.
Diarrhea and pregnancy
The above doubtful symptoms that can cause inconvenience to a woman are signs of early pregnancy, and diarrhea, which some women may have, most often indicates a pathology. It is associated either with food poisoning, or with an intestinal infection, less often with chronic pathology. gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the assertion that diarrhea is a sign of pregnancy is a delusion.
Miscarriage
First signs early pregnancy it is important to identify in women suffering from miscarriage, since such women need to start therapy as early as possible to maintain pregnancy.
A miscarriage should be spoken of in cases where a woman has had two or more pregnancy losses in a row. As a rule, such patients are examined outside of pregnancy in order to identify the reasons for its termination. Knowing the exact cause, you can prevent its effect on the newly fertilized egg. Such early treatment contributes to the preservation of pregnancy and the birth of healthy, viable babies.
Thus, the first signs of pregnancy at an early stage help to diagnose the fact of pregnancy in a timely manner in order to optimize the management of such a patient. An obstetrician-gynecologist diagnoses pregnancy and makes an appropriate entry in the medical records.
After that, a special approach is applied to such a woman - the risks of prescribing certain medications, certain examination methods are assessed, and, if possible, pregnancy complications that can lead to unpleasant consequences are prevented.
I like!
SIGNS OF PREGNANCY AT 1 WEEK
Starting point for pregnancy doctors usually count the first day last menstrual period . Although pregnancy has not yet occurred, the woman's body has already begun preparations for this wonderful event. Conception occurs much later, only in the third week. How to prepare for desired pregnancy occurred as early as possible and was it successful? Let's discuss the main preparation steps before learning which the first signs of pregnancy are characteristic for 1 week from the moment of conception.
At the end of the first week, special attention should be paid directly to the conception of a child. To make the chances of conception as high as possible, doctors advise taking a three-day break from intimate life before the moment of possible conception.
Male sex cells are spermatozoa that are quite sensitive to the chemical composition of the environment in which they enter. The most favorable positions for conceiving a child the so-called missionary position and the knee-elbow position of the woman, in which the man is behind, are recognized. To increase the likelihood of conception, it is worth spending twenty to thirty minutes after intercourse lying on your back. You can elevate your pelvic region by placing a folded blanket under your lower back. or pillow . If you have animals in your house - cats, dogs and other pets, examine them at the veterinarian, do all the necessary vaccinations. Engage in timely prevention of colds.
Basal temperature measurements every morning are a useful habit for a woman planning to become a mother soon. If possible, try to avoid stressful situations and nervous shocks.
When planning pregnancy in advance, 1 week pregnant should be noted not only by visiting a doctor, but also by taking vitamin complexes. In most cases, the gynecologist prescribes an ultrasound scan between the 5th and 11th days of the cycle. . This is necessary to control the process of follicle growth. In addition, an ultrasound will allow your doctor to determine the exact day of ovulation and identify possible violations. hormonal background women.
Signs of pregnancy at 1 week not so noticeable, but nevertheless a woman often notices the following changes:
increased salivation. 1 week of pregnancy is often marked by the fact that drooling itself forms in the mouth. This happens not only before meals, when you are hungry and see mouth-watering treats on the table, but also after meals;
calf cramps, which are especially common at night, may also indicate that you are 1 week pregnant;
another common sign of pregnancy at 1 week is a metallic taste in the mouth and pigmentation changes. Already a week after conception, the white line of the abdomen, which starts from the navel and goes down, may darken. It is also possible the appearance of age spots on the face. , along the hairline;
bloating of the abdomen, as well as sudden constipation from any meal, are among the most embarrassing of the first signs of pregnancy.
The pregnancy period is counted from the first day of the last menstruation. for several reasons. Among the main reasons is convenience, since the date of the beginning of menstruation is remembered depending on the date of conception. After all, conception can occur not necessarily on the day of sexual intercourse, but even within 3 days after intimacy. According to global practice, the stage of fertilization is 2 weeks behind from the start of the menstrual cycle . This delay is called the ovulation period. Menstruation is the process of renewing the female reproductive system and preparing the body for ovulation and conception. At the same time, the ovary prepares for the possibility of the birth of a new life by the egg.
The gestational (or obstetric) gestational age is 40 weeks, that is, 10 months of 4 weeks each, for a total of 280 days. The obstetric period is divided into 3 trimesters: the first lasts from 1 to 12 weeks, the second from 13 to 27 weeks, the third from 28 to 40 weeks. In order to predict the birth of a baby by a certain date, you can calculate the estimated date of birth by the following method: add 7 days to the date of the beginning of the last menstruation and count back 3 months.
HOW LATE PREGNANCY PROCESSES (AFTER 30.35 OR AFTER 40 YEARS) IN A WOMAN
If we compare the possibility of getting pregnant at the age of slightly over 30 compared to when a woman is already almost 40, then the difference is huge. The closer your age gets to 40 years, the weaker the body's ability to conceive . Experts around the world advise women over 30 not to wait too long, especially if they plan to have more than one child.
Pregnancy after 30 years will proceed without any special differences from pregnancy at an earlier age. The ability to conceive and the risk of miscarriage or having a child with Down syndrome is only a couple of percent higher than in women aged 26 to 28 years. After the age of 35, a woman's fertility begins to decline sharply. Also, pregnancy after 35 years is marked by an increased risk of having a child with Down syndrome or other birth defects development. Doctors may advise the expectant mother to undergo a series of examinations: amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling and some others.
In women aged 35 and 39 years the chances of conceiving twins increase many times even without prior infertility treatment. Usually, fertility treatment helps multiple pregnancy. Normally, during one menstrual cycle, one egg matures in a woman. , but levels of the hormone that stimulates follicles (GSF) increase with age.
Pregnancy after 40 years has a number of advantages. Among them is the fact that since you were not in a hurry to have children before, it means that you were busy with career, personal growth, and had time to see the world. Your financial well-being gives you a solid foundation family life. Older women are better educated than young mothers, they make reasonable and informed decisions. Women over 40 are more prone to breastfeeding, they eat healthy food, take care of the baby.
The main disadvantage of having a child after 40 years is the difficulty of conception. It has been scientifically proven that 15 years before the onset of menopause, the number of eggs produced that mature in a woman's body begins to decline sharply. In addition, mature eggs can have chromosomal problems, leading to an increased risk of miscarriage and birth defects in the baby.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO GET PREGNANT FROM MUSCUS (PRE-JACULATION LIQUID)?
Sexual contact occurs when the body of both partners is completely ready for it. To make intimacy bring pleasure, not pain, the reproductive organs of both women and men secrete a special natural lubricant. This lubricant looks like colorless mucus and serves as proof that the partner is in an aroused state.
In men, lubrication is a pre-ejaculatory fluid that is released during intimacy and looks like a clear, odorless slime. Nature provided this mucus as a lubricant for easier penetration of the penis. The female body secretes the same fluid, but it is not related to pregnancy. . With male mucus, things are a little more complicated.
Many young girls wonder - " Is it possible to get pregnant from male mucus during intimate contact?"Specialists answer that it is possible to get pregnant from mucus, but the probability of this is negligible. Studies have confirmed that spermatozoa are present in the secretions (lubrication) of some men, but the number of such men is not at all large. Find out the answer to the question "Is it possible to get pregnant during intimacy from mucus?" is possible only through expensive tests.
WHAT EARLY SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY CAN APPEAR IN THE FIRST DAYS?
Only a gynecologist or a pregnancy test can determine pregnancy with a high probability. , but let's talk about what early pregnancy symptoms you can determine yourself.
The only way that will allow you to determine pregnancy with the greatest accuracy before a visit to the doctor , is a test. Some symptoms of pregnancy already in the first days after conception will tell you that the woman is in an interesting position. Some of the women feel their body so sensitively that they almost immediately feel that they are pregnant. Other women do not feel anything until the very delay of menstruation. The delay is the most clear sign pregnancy.
The first symptoms of pregnancy can vary greatly from woman to woman. Even in the same woman during her second pregnancy, the symptoms may differ from those she observed during her first pregnancy.
What early pregnancy symptoms can a woman see on her own? Strong cravings for salty foods, changes in taste preferences, increased irritability and nervousness. The expectant mother sometimes does not control her behavior well, although she understands that the behavior does not always correspond to the norm.
Symptoms of pregnancy in the early days- mild nausea or nausea at certain periods of time, which is called early toxicosis. Toxicosis may appear as a pronounced feeling at every meal, or just a slight nausea in the morning. Also, at the beginning of pregnancy, the perception of smells, tastes may change, there is an aversion to any food. Sometimes there is a metallic taste in the mouth.
In the early stages of pregnancy, breast enlargement is especially noticeable. Conception in the very first days gives rise to rapid hormonal changes in a woman's body. In just a couple of weeks, the breasts can become larger by one or two sizes, sensitivity increases.
FIRST SIGNS OF EARLY PREGNANCY
Some signs of pregnancy in the early days are more accurate than a conventional pregnancy test. At a very early date, the test may not show the desired second strip. Even if conception has occurred, then the level of hCG can be so low that the test will not be able to catch its rise.
The first signs of pregnancy can also be identified by the appearance of acne, even if you have never had such a problem. With normal fetal development immune system the expectant mother is depressed. Nature provided for this so that the body does not reject the embryo as a foreign body. As a result of this, the expectant mother becomes very receptive to different kind infections.
With regular monitoring of the cycle and measurement of basal temperature, you will notice that the temperature will remain elevated throughout the entire luteal phase. The hormone progesterone helps keep the temperature high throughout ovulation. If the basal temperature remains high and after the completion of ovulation, it indicates pregnancy.
Signs of early pregnancy- light bloody issues 8-10 days after ovulation. They start at the time when you should have your next period. This discharge is called implantation bleeding.
During the first pregnancy, the signs of pregnancy are earlier than during the second pregnancy. This is due to the fact that the metabolism becomes faster so that the body can support both the fetus and the woman's body. These symptoms can be expressed in the form of endless fatigue.
The first signs of pregnancy are also an increase in the amount of cervical mucus, cramps in the lower abdomen , constant constipation and gases.
HOW MANY WEEKS DOES A WOMAN PREGNANCY LAST?
One of the most common questions about pregnancy is: "How many weeks does a woman's pregnancy last?"
We know that pregnancy is 9 months, but why then is 40 weeks considered normal for childbirth? The first knowledge that a woman acquires during pregnancy is to consider the period in weeks, not months.
Doctors determine the gestational age, and hence the date of the expected birth from the fact that the average woman has a cycle of 28 days. Ovulation occurs on day 14-15 of the cycle.
Doctors have their own answer to the question "How many weeks does a woman's pregnancy last?" Optimal time counts as 280 days. It is quite difficult to determine the exact date due to the inability to establish the exact date of ovulation. It may not correspond to the date of sexual intercourse. A baby will be considered full-term if born between 266 and 294 days, which corresponds to a period of 38 to 42 weeks of fetal development.
Thus, 280 days are equal to 40 weeks, obstetric month consists of 4 weeks, that is, one cycle - 28 days. This is exactly 10 obstetric months.
NEXT ARTICLE:
Pregnancy is a very important event in the life of any woman. For some, it is joyful and long-awaited, for others - on the contrary. But, one way or another, everyone wants to know about the beginning of the development of a new life as early as possible - if possible, already in the first days after conception.
Grounds for suspecting pregnancy for most women reproductive age with a regular cycle is a delay in menstruation. Finally, two strips dispel doubts during an independent test and the conclusion of a local gynecologist.
In this article, we will talk about the very first signs of pregnancy before a delay, a woman can feel them as early as 1 week after conception.
What happens in the body?
First you need to figure out how fertilization occurs, and only then talk about what signs of pregnancy may be in the early stages of its development. When a woman's egg matures, it leaves the ovary and travels down the fallopian tube. If the conditions are normal, then it is fertilized by the most active spermatozoon.
Due to the fact that the speed of sperm movement is small, no more than 2 mm per hour, the fertilization process can be delayed in time. When this happens, the division of the zygote begins. In addition to the fact that she begins to divide, she needs to find a place in the uterus where she can attach herself in order to receive the necessary nutrients.
After fertilization, the egg moves to the uterus and this can take one to two weeks. Only after the embryo attaches to the wall of the uterus, we can say that the pregnancy has occurred.
When can we expect the first manifestations
Early symptoms of pregnancy can be observed as early as 8-10 days after the fertilization of the egg. This period may vary, depending on the body's sensitivity to hormonal changes.
In medical practice, there were cases when women recognized fertilization already on the 5th day. In this context, we are talking about women who carefully listen to their body and feel the slightest fluctuations in their condition. On the 20th day of the cycle, the signs of pregnancy acquire a characteristic appearance.
You can confirm your position only after the formation of reliable symptoms. It is not possible to detect signs of pregnancy on the first day after conception.
Signs of pregnancy: TOP 10
You can recognize the first symptoms that speak of pregnancy by the following signs:
- Absence of menstruation;
- Enlargement and soreness of the mammary glands;
- Change in taste preferences;
- Frequent urination;
- Fatigue and drowsiness;
- Increase in basal temperature;
- Nausea;
- Vaginal discharge;
- Frequent urination.
The process of pregnancy is full of interesting and pleasant moments. And the birth of your baby will open up a whole new world for you and become new page in your life.
Absence of menstruation
The most obvious and known symptom- you notice that the prescribed menstruation did not come on time. But, despite the fact that this symptom is most often attributed to pregnancy, there are a number of other reasons that can lead to a delay. For example, severe stress, a serious illness or surgery.
On the other hand, many women notice the presence of menstruation already during pregnancy. For some, they will go on for several months or even the entire pregnancy.
Increase in basal body temperature
Don't be lazy: watch your basal temperature during the cycle. If you are pregnant, either the temperature will rise to 37 degrees or drop sharply for one day in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. This process is called "implantation retraction".
There can be two reasons. Firstly, from the middle of the second phase, the production of the hormone progesterone, which is responsible for raising the temperature, decreases, but if you are pregnant, it starts to be produced again. Therefore, temperature fluctuations occur. Secondly, during pregnancy, the hormone estrogen is released, which lowers the temperature.
Enlargement and soreness of the mammary glands
Breast enlargement and darkening of the nipples during pregnancy is observed in almost 100% of patients. In some cases, already in the very early stages, a woman feels discomfort from the fact that the bra becomes somewhat tight.
Important: a sharp increase in the sensitivity of the breast and even the appearance of pain when touched is not excluded.
Growth of mammary glands
Despite the fact that this symptom is not considered indispensable, it is observed in most women. If pregnancy has come, then the mammary glands increase in exactly the same way. If only one gland increases, or some part of it swells, this indicates the presence of diseases.
Feelings of nausea and vomiting
The most famous of the primary signs of pregnancy is nausea. Many women who have given birth claim that nausea in their case occurred ten sometimes fourteen days before the expected menstruation. Whatever nausea torments you too much, and does not become unbearable, try eating a cracker or a non-fatty cookie on an empty stomach, and also try switching to fractional nutrition. Eat often, but in small portions, and in no case should you eat rarely and in large quantities.
Change in taste preferences
Increasing levels of hormones cause a change in taste preferences. Those food combinations that were previously unacceptable for a woman become objects of preference and vice versa. Also, a woman may feel a taste of metal in her mouth.
Vaginal discharge
After 6-12 days from the moment of conception, spotting may appear. Their volume is small - within a few drops. The appearance of a discharge is one of the signs of the successful introduction of a fertilized egg into the endometrium of the uterus. This sign of pregnancy is not typical for all women; it is only one of the variants of the norm.
Heartburn
bad sign possible pregnancy, which can annoy a woman for all nine months - this is heartburn. In the first four months, this is caused by hormonal changes. But after the fourth month and before the ninth, this happens because the baby, growing up, puts pressure on many internal organs, and to a greater extent on the stomach.
Discharge from the chest
During pregnancy, colostrum may well stand out from the breast, this is absolutely normal for all pregnant women. The discharge should be clear and not abundant. This is called galactorrhea. Milk, colostrum or a milk-like liquid is released from the nipples, and such discharges can begin on any day of pregnancy, even in the very first days after conception, but they will end, or rather, they will move to another state only at the beginning of breastfeeding
Changes in well-being
About a week after conception, a woman may feel unusual fatigue, weakness, drowsiness, apathy. At this stage, expectant mothers may be bothered by headaches. The reason for these sensations is the increased production of pregnancy hormones, which from now on will affect the woman's body for all 9 months.
Frequent urge to urinate
A very common and reliable symptom, the first week of pregnancy is constantly accompanied by frequent urination and other similar troubles. This may be the result of cystitis - a very terrible and unpleasant infectious disease. Symptoms of cystitis include frequent trips to the toilet, pain during urination, fever, and extreme fatigue. Every woman can get cystitis after conception, and it's not an infection, but an increase in progesterone production.
This hormone improves the health of the fetus, and creates relaxation in the bladder. Due to such strong relaxation, the channel remains open, and the desire to go to the toilet appears even with an empty bladder. If you do not have intense pain, relax and experience this symptom, but if you still have pain, you need to see a doctor and undergo treatment. Jokes are bad with cystitis, it is better to cure its initial stage than to fight chronic.
Reliable signs of pregnancy
These undoubted manifestations are 100% evidence of pregnancy. Their detection is possible from the second week of gestation and later, so they are considered late.
- Ultrasound confirmation of the presence of the fetus.
- Fixing the fetal heartbeat by instrumental methods - CTG, FKG, ECG, as well as from 15 weeks using a stethoscope.
- Detection of the head, handles and other parts of the fetus, it is possible to move it during palpation.
To make a reliable diagnosis, it is important to take into account the opinion of a specialist. During a medical consultation, you can find out on what day the first signs of pregnancy appear, and how to distinguish them.
Rapid Pregnancy Test Results
A rapid test, which can be bought at any pharmacy, gives objective results five or more days after the first day of the expected menstruation. However, such tests often give erroneous readings (more often false negative readings).
This happens due to the fact that the test reacts to the amount of the hormone chorionic gonadotropin in the urine of a woman. The level of this hormone increases slowly in the first months as pregnancy progresses. In the case when you need to find out about the onset (or not the onset of pregnancy) before five days of delay, you can do a test in the laboratory, it has more objective results.
An increase in the amount of chorionic gonadotropin in the urine also occurs with certain neoplasms of the uterus.
What are the signs of abnormal pregnancy?
A dangerous symptom of pregnancy is severe pain in the abdomen, uterus and fallopian tubes. With or without fever. The appearance of such not even too painful sensations, and the absence of menstruation, is a sign of a woman's life-threatening ectopic pregnancy.
In such cases, the woman is urgently examined and, according to indications, operated on, since delay can lead to serious problems with women's health and even death. What happens is extremely rare, so do not be scared in advance, but just show yourself to the gynecologist in a timely manner.
What should a woman do at the first symptoms?
At the moment when the first signs of pregnancy appear after conception, you need to contact women's consultation. If the diagnosis is confirmed and future mom wants to keep the pregnancy, then it is registered. Carrying a child is a big responsibility that a future mother takes on. In order for the baby to develop healthy, a woman needs to give up any bad habits, pay attention to her diet and lifestyle.
What symptoms are most common in each stage of pregnancy? How does the fetus develop?
It is normal for these issues to arise during pregnancy. A woman should know in advance what symptoms will appear on different stages. Pregnancy can be different from woman to woman. Even for the same mother from one pregnancy to another.
A typical pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks, counting from the first day of a woman's last menstrual cycle, which is about two weeks before conception.
Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters. Each of these periods lasts from 12 to 13 weeks.
Stages of embryo development during 38 weeks
During each trimester, changes occur in the pregnant woman's body as well as in the developing fetus, and a summary of these stages will be described below.
Conception and implantation
About two weeks after a woman has had her period, she ovulates and her ovaries release one mature egg. The egg can be fertilized within 12-24 hours of its release as it travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus.
If an egg meets a sperm cell that has made its way into the fallopian tube, it combines into one cell, a process known as fertilization or conception.
At fertilization, the sex of the fetus is already determined, depending on whether the egg receives an X or Y chromosome from sperm. If the egg receives an X chromosome, the baby will be a girl; The Y chromosome means that the child will be a boy.
According to the Cleveland Clinic, it takes about three to four days for a fertilized egg (or embryo) to travel to the lining of the uterus, where it attaches or implants to the wall of the uterus. After implantation of the embryo, the cells begin to grow. It eventually becomes a fetus and a placenta, which is tissue. This tissue can transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones from the mother's blood to the developing fetus throughout pregnancy.
First trimester (weeks 1-12)
A woman will have many symptoms during her first trimester as she adjusts to the hormonal changes of pregnancy. In the first weeks of pregnancy, the pregnancy may not show on the outside of her body, but inside, many changes take place.
For example, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that will be present in a woman's blood from conception. HCG levels can be detected in a woman's urine about a week after a missed cycle. That is why a woman will have a positive result on a home pregnancy test.
Other hormonal changes may contribute to pregnancy symptoms: Elevated levels of estrogen and hCG can cause nausea and vomiting, known as morning sickness, that a woman usually experiences during the first months of pregnancy. Despite its name, morning sickness can occur at any time of the day.
The woman will also feel more tired than usual. This is due to increased levels of the hormone progesterone, which increases drowsiness. She may also need to urinate more frequently as her uterus grows and presses on her bladder.
At the beginning of pregnancy, a woman's breasts will feel more tender and swollen, which is another side effect increased levels of pregnancy hormones. Her areolas, the skin around each nipple, will darken and enlarge.
A pregnant woman's digestive system may slow down to increase the absorption of beneficial nutrients. But decreased mobility of the digestive system can also cause common complaints such as heartburn, constipation, bloating, and gas.
As more blood circulates to a woman's face, she will give her skin a more pink color, described as the "glow of pregnancy."
In addition to the physical changes in a woman's body, she may also experience emotional highs and lows in the early months of pregnancy and throughout. These emotions can range from smoldering, mood swings, and forgetfulness to fear, anxiety, and excitement.
Development of embryos/fetus of the first trimester
A developing baby is called an embryo from conception, which occurs before the eighth week of pregnancy.
During the first month of pregnancy, the heart and lungs, arms, legs, brain, spinal cord, and nerves begin to develop, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).
The embryo will be the size of a pea for about a month. In the second month of pregnancy, the embryo will grow to the size of a bean. In addition, ankles, wrists, fingers and eyelids appear, bones appear, genitals and the inner ear appear.
After the eighth week of pregnancy and before the baby is born, the developing baby is called a fetus.
By the end of the second month, eight to ten major organs of the fetus have formed. During this stage of pregnancy, it is extremely important that pregnant women do not take harmful medications such as illegal drugs. The first trimester is also the period when most miscarriages and birth defects occur.
During the third month of pregnancy, bones and muscles begin to grow, buds for future teeth appear, and fingers and toes grow. The intestines begin to form, and the skin is almost transparent.
Second trimester (weeks 13-27)
By the second trimester, some of the unpleasant effects of early pregnancy may lessen or disappear as a woman's body adjusts to its changing hormone levels. Sleep may become easier and energy levels may increase.
Nausea and vomiting usually improve and go away. But other symptoms may occur as the fetus continues to grow and develop.
A more visible baby appears when the uterus grows behind the woman's pelvis, and the skin on her expanding belly can look like stretch marks.
As the fetus gets bigger and the woman gains more weight, she may also experience lower back pain.
Between the 16th and 18th weeks of pregnancy, the mother may feel the first fluttering movements of the fetus. If a woman has had a baby before, she is more likely to feel the fetus kicking, squirming or turning even sooner because she knows what to expect.
The 20th week usually marks half of a woman's pregnancy.
Embryo / fetus development in the second trimester
In the second trimester, the fetus grows faster and will be 3 to 5 inches long. Between 18 and 22 weeks, an ultrasound can reveal the sex of the baby if parents want to know this information ahead of time.
By the fourth month of pregnancy, eyebrows, eyelashes, nails and neck are formed, and the skin has a wrinkled appearance. In addition, during the fourth month, the arms and legs may bend. The kidneys begin to work and can produce urine, and the fetus can hear.
In the fifth month of pregnancy, the fetus is more active, and the woman can feel her movements. The fetus also sleeps and wakes up in regular cycles. Fine hair (called lanugo) and a waxy coating (called vernix) coat and protect the delicate skin of the fetus.
By the sixth month of pregnancy, hair begins to grow, eyes begin to open, and the brain develops rapidly. Although the lungs are fully formed, they are not yet functional.
Stages of pregnancy for nine months. Third trimester (weeks 28-40)
In the third trimester, when a woman's enlarged uterus pushes up her diaphragm. The main muscle involved in breathing can become short of breath because the lungs have less room to expand. Her ankles, hands, feet, and face may swell as she retains more fluid and circulation slows.
The mother will have to urinate more often because there will be more pressure on her bladder. She may also have more back pain and pain in her hips and pelvis as these joints relax in preparation for childbirth.
Dark spots may develop on her face, and stretch marks may appear on her abdomen, thighs, chest, and back. She may also notice varicose veins veins in the legs.
In the third trimester, women's breasts may experience some leakage of colostrum, a yellow liquid, as they prepare to breastfeed. The baby will sink down into the belly.
During the last weeks of pregnancy, it becomes more difficult to find a comfortable sleeping position, so women can be very tired.
As labor approaches, some women enjoy the experience of being pregnant, while others may feel like they can't wait for it to be over.
Embryo / fetus development in the third trimester
By the seventh month of pregnancy, the fetus hits and stretches, and can even respond to light and sound and music. Eyes can open and close.
During the eighth month of pregnancy, the fetus gains weight very quickly. The bones harden, but the skull remains soft and flexible to facilitate childbirth. According to ACOG, different areas of the brain are being formed and the fetus is capable of hiccups.
The lungs are now fully mature to prepare to function on their own. The fetus continues to gain weight rapidly.
The new definition of an extended pregnancy is when a baby is born after 39-40 weeks.
There are many signs that may indicate pregnancy. These first signs of pregnancy are individual for each woman and the case of pregnancy. During pregnancy, you may find one or more of these signs. Don't worry, it's unlikely you'll have all the symptoms at the same time. In addition, you should not worry in their absence. It is possible to be pregnant and not see any signs of pregnancy. Regardless of whether you show the first signs of pregnancy or not, the only reliable way to determine pregnancy is to take a pregnancy test.
1.
Delayed menstruation
If you normally have a regular menstrual cycle, then this is the first physical sign of pregnancy. Remember that even during pregnancy, light bleeding or discharge is possible both during the period of the expected menstruation and when the fertilized egg is implanted in the uterus. If your cycle is irregular, you may notice other pregnancy symptoms before you notice the absence of your period.
Some women, after perfectly regular periods for many years, may experience a prolonged absence of menstruation. In this case, first of all, the possibility of pregnancy should be excluded by performing home test for pregnancy. medical term for the absence of menstruation for more than 6 months - "amenorrhea". There can be many reasons for the unexpected cessation of menstruation, including rapid weight gain and loss, excessive physical exercise and stress. If you are experiencing hot flashes and a decrease in interest in sex, these may be the first signs of menopause (perimenopause). Whatever the symptoms, it's a good idea to check with your doctor if your periods change or stop.
Expert answers
Caroline Overton is a Consultant in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department at St. Michael's University Hospital, Bristol.
Is it normal to have periods during pregnancy?
Caroline Overton
No, you should not have periods during pregnancy. Bleeding in early pregnancy can be a normal symptom, but it can also be a sign of a threatened miscarriage. If you are concerned about something, see your doctor.
I know that if you test early (before your period is supposed to start), the test is less accurate. I just got a "Pregnant" result, but I haven't missed my period yet. Can I trust the result?
If you took the test before your missed period and got a "Pregnant" result, the test is highly accurate and you can trust it. This means that the pregnancy hormone level is high enough to be detected.
2.
Changes in the mammary glands
Your breasts may enlarge and become painful or very sensitive. The veins on the chest may become more visible, and the areolas (nipples) may darken.
My test came back "Pregnant" but I don't feel pregnant. How to check it?
Caroline Overton
Pregnancy tests are very accurate, so their results can be trusted. Not all women experience pregnancy symptoms such as morning sickness. Check your breasts for tenderness (which may be intermittent) as this is the most common symptom. However, all pregnancies are individual. However, all pregnancies are individual, so don't worry.
Other signs
3.
Fatigue
You may feel unusually tired during the first few weeks of pregnancy. This may be due to an increase in the level of progesterone in the body, since it maintains the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity in the state necessary for the development of pregnancy.
4.
Toxicosis/morning sickness
Between the 2nd and 8th weeks of pregnancy, you may experience nausea and vomiting. As a rule, improvement occurs by the 16th week. Despite the name “morning sickness,” bouts of nausea can recur at any time of the day and it is possible that you will experience it all the time.
I feel very sick and I force myself to eat. Will it harm my child?
Caroline Overton
No, your baby will take whatever it needs from your body. When suffering from morning sickness, drink plenty of water and try to eat little and often. Acupressure bandages may help. Vomiting and nausea are observed in 8 out of 10 pregnant women. Hyperemesis pregnancy - excessive nausea and vomiting - can be potentially life-threatening. If this worries you, contact your family doctor.
5.
Hyperemesis pregnancy (excessive vomiting)
1 in 100 women suffers from hyperemesis gestationis. Usually, hyperemesis goes beyond the first trimester (12-13 weeks) and causes such frequent bouts of uncontrollable vomiting that no food or liquid is retained in the body. As a rule, it is treated, and only in very severe cases can lead to pregnancy complications. In case of severe vomiting, consult a doctor for advice.
Caroline Overton
Anti-nausea medications are only given by a doctor to women who are dehydrated - symptoms include increased dryness of the mouth and concentration of urine (dark yellow).
6.
More frequent urination
6-8 weeks after conception, you may experience more frequent urination. This is due to the fact that the uterus increases in size and puts pressure on the bladder. At the end of the first trimester, your uterus rises into your abdomen, causing some pressure to Bladder will be removed.
7.
mood swings
Hormonal changes can cause mood swings in early pregnancy. You may even cry for absolutely no reason.
8.
Changes in food preferences (“Wishlist”) and sensitivity to smells
You may stop liking certain things, such as tea, coffee, and fatty foods, while still craving foods you don't normally eat. The smell of foods such as coffee, meat, or alcohol can also make you feel nauseous.
9.
Spasms
During the first trimester, and sometimes later in pregnancy, you may experience pain in your legs or feet. This is due to the fact that the body changes the way calcium is absorbed.
How do I know if my pregnancy is going well? My girlfriend had an ectopic pregnancy and I'm worried it might happen to me too.
Caroline Overton
An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy that takes place outside the uterus. 99% of pregnancies are in the uterus, but any woman can have an ectopic pregnancy. The first symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy are pain (for which mild painkillers such as paracetamol will not help) and bleeding. In the event of an ectopic pregnancy, you may experience vague abdominal pain, which is often similar to reflex shoulder pain. Other symptoms also include pain when urinating or having a bowel movement and walking. If you experience such symptoms, you should immediately seek medical help. If you've had an ectopic pregnancy in the past, the National Institutes of Health and Care Excellence recommends going to an early pregnancy clinic for specialist advice and a scan. Everything ectopic pregnancies will give a positive result. To confirm the normal location of the pregnancy, it is necessary to undergo an ultrasound scan.
The doctor said that I had a biochemical pregnancy. What does this mean? Was I really pregnant?
Caroline Overton
Yes, you were pregnant, but the period was so short that it could not be seen with an ultrasound examination, and therefore such a pregnancy is called biochemical. Unfortunately, early miscarriages are quite common, with about a quarter of pregnancies ending this way.
