We wrote about how to choose a material for a seam roof, as well as what types of seam joints are considered the most reliable, in. Today we will talk about the design features of a metal roof and the technology of its installation.

Guaranteed to protect the seam roof from condensate, deformation and depressurization will help compliance certain rules concerning the arrangement of the roofing pie, the features of laying the roofing itself and the sequence of its installation.

In this article, we will consider the following questions:

• What elements does a seam roof pie consist of.
• How to equip the cornice overhang of a seam roof.
• The sequence and technology of installation of folded panels.
• Arrangement of valleys and junctions of seam roofing.

If the construction of a house begins from the foundation, then the arrangement of a seam roof begins with the creation of a roofing pie that protects the attic from condensation and cold. At the same time, the roofing cake serves as a reliable protection against the noise that occurs during precipitation.

Pavel T. FORUMHOUSE User

If the roof insulation is 250-300 mm (I have 300), then no noise is heard (unless, of course, hail is the size of an egg). The only place where I can hear the rain (and even then weakly) is in the bathroom, which has a stretch ceiling.

In order for the thermal insulation to be of the required thickness, the insulation can be laid in several layers (between and under the rafters).

The roofing pie of the seam roof consists of several layers:

Let's consider them in more detail.

Supporting crate - lower wooden slats, on which a vapor barrier film and insulation are placed.

Vapor barrier film is a special material that does not allow moisture to penetrate from the room into the insulation.

Rafter - wooden beams section 200x50 mm. The distance between the rafters is 1.2 ... 2 m.

Mineral wool is most often used as a heater. The insulation is laid between the rafters directly on vapor barrier film, which, in turn, is supported by the lower crate.

Waterproofing is a special film that allows moisture to pass through only in one direction (from bottom to top). Waterproofing does not allow under-roof condensate to penetrate into the insulation, but allows moist air to accumulate in the layer mineral wool. Waterproofing film is a diffusion (breathable) membrane that is sold in hardware stores.

berd80 FORUMHOUSE User

You can spread a diffusion membrane, you can use a special volumetric membrane (only it costs decently). No consensus was reached on this issue.

Waterproofing spreads across the rafters in the direction - from the bottom up (starting from the eaves, towards the ridge). TO wooden rafters the film is fastened with staples (using a stapler). Individual strips of the waterproofing membrane are overlapped (overlapping width - at least 100 mm). On gable overhangs, it is necessary to provide an overhang of the film (the width of the overhang is approximately 150 mm).

The film should not be in a taut state, and the allowable sagging of the membrane between two adjacent lags is 35 mm.

In no case should the same material be used as a vapor barrier and waterproofing. Moreover, you can not change their places. All this will lead to the accumulation of moisture in the insulation or, conversely, in the room. Mold development and successive destruction building structures in this case, guaranteed.

Counter-lattice - a beam 50x50, which is nailed to the rafters on top waterproofing film. The counter-lattice allows you to create an air gap between the waterproofing and the seam coating.

A special sealing tape is placed under the counterbars, which ensures tightness in the places of nail joints and protects the insulation from moisture.

Lathing - transverse strips nailed to the counter-lattice at a certain distance.

Arhios FORUMHOUSE User

A bar 50x50 (counter-lattice) is nailed along the rafters, and on them (across) - planks 100x25 with a run-up (batten).

The counter grille provides ventilation of the under-roof space, which eliminates the condensate that forms there. In order for the counter-lattice to perform its functions with guarantee, the cornice overhang of the seam roof must be made according to the following scheme:

The crate must be strong, rigid and even. The maximum clearance between the crate and the control rail 1 meter long must not exceed 5 mm.

Effective ventilation of the under-roof space is provided by a ventilated ridge.

As well as a ventilation mesh PVC tape, which is stretched between the crate and the frontal board of the cornice overhang.

Thanks to these two elements, a constant blowing of the under-roof space is ensured.

The step of the crate deserves special attention - the distance through which the transverse strips are nailed. In accordance with the set of rules for the arrangement of a metal seam roof (SP 17.13330.2011), the distance between the individual laths of the crate should not exceed 200 mm. This allows the foot of a person walking on the roofing to rest on two boards at once, which protects the metal from deformation.

Along the edges of the roof (in the places of roof overhangs), as well as in the gutters, a continuous boardwalk with a width of at least 700 mm is created.

Some users of our portal recommend making a continuous crate over the entire area of ​​​​the seam roof, which, in general, is not a mistake (especially if this coincides with the recommendations of the manufacturers of seam paintings). For example, in accordance with technological requirements, a continuous crate in without fail"spreads" under the zinc-titanium roof.

A solid crate is a conditional concept. A small gap (no more than 10 mm) must be left between each transverse plank of the crate, which will compensate for the thermal expansion of the wood.

For more details, you can find out by visiting the corresponding FORUMHOUSE section.

Procurement of materials

If you decide to make seam paintings from rolled or sheet metal, then you cannot do without the use of sheet bending and seam-rolling machines. Purchase similar equipment personal construction- inappropriate. But this does not mean that metal should be bent manually.

vasilpolt FORUMHOUSE User

It is better to use the service of a team that has a machine for rolling pictures. The quality of the roof in this case will be better than if you bend the rolled products by hand. There is even a separate service - "Picture rental". Virtually every roofing company that has necessary equipment offer it to their clients. Try searching in your area.

Also, with the help of sheet bending equipment, you can make the necessary additional elements. What kind of additions will be needed for construction - it depends on design features roofs.

The photo shows typical profiles, the geometry and dimensions of which may differ depending on the characteristics of a particular roof.

Device and installation of the cornice unit

Installation of a folded roof begins with the arrangement of cornice overhangs. Immediately pay attention to the fact that the cornice overhangs have a different design. It directly depends on the design. drainage system. Drainage systems, in turn, can have hanging or wall drains.

The cornice overhang with a hanging gutter does not have transverse seams, which makes the roof more airtight and easier to install. Considering that snow and ice can easily damage the suspended gutter, the roof surface with long slopes has to be equipped with additional elements for snow retention.

A system with wall drains and flat top ebbs has more complex structure, and its installation is best left to experienced tinsmiths. The rigidity of the system with wall gutters is an order of magnitude higher than that of its counterpart with hanging gutters.

Roofer1959 FORUMHOUSE User

Regarding the gutters: if they are done correctly, then any are good. Wall-mounted - more reliable in terms of rigidity, and I can vouch for its safety. But there is weakness- eyeliner paintings (especially if the fold is single). Suspended is deprived of this minus, but its rigidity under certain operating conditions can be called into question.

There is no consensus on which drain should be installed complete with a seam roof. But no matter which option you personally like, the eaves knot will have to be equipped according to the same principles.

Installation of the cornice unit begins with the installation of drips and ventilation tape.

The lower cornice profile - a "drip" (through which the condensate formed in the under-roof space will drain) - is mounted on the rafters and covered with a waterproofing membrane. This is done at the stage of arranging the roofing pie.

A thin layer of adhesive or roofing sealant should be applied between the waterproofing and the drip.

Sometimes the lower drip is not used at all: for example, if the under-roof space is well ventilated (using a ventilated ridge on top and a ventilation tape on the bottom). But it is better if it is, after all, installed.

nekorsakov FORUMHOUSE User

Installed first plastic mesh on the gap between the crate and the frontal board. On top of the mesh, cornice strips were stuffed, which were fastened to the crate with galvanized roofing nails, hammering them in a checkerboard pattern. The slats were mounted along a cord stretched along the cornice overhang, and the mesh was simply attached close to the edge.

PVC mesh protects the roof space from insects and debris. The distance between the cornice strip and the ventilation mesh must be at least 2-3 cm.

If it is planned to use suspended gutters as part of the roof, it is necessary to think in advance how to install cornice hooks for the gutter system. So, long cornice hooks, which are attached to the upper crate, are wound directly under the eaves bar. Under each hook, it is necessary to make a recess in the surface of the crate. Otherwise, the folded pictures along the edge of the overhang will go in waves.

To give the cornice overhang additional rigidity, metal roofing crutches are installed under the cornice strip.

The crutches cut into the flooring flush with the surface of the crate (similar to gutter hooks) and are attached to it with self-tapping screws.

The distance between two adjacent crutches is 60-70 cm.

Standard crutches are commercially available, but it is quite possible to make them yourself. For the manufacture of crutches, a steel strip is most often used - 40x4 mm. Billets of the required size are welded together, after which they are drilled and subjected to anti-corrosion treatment (treated with a primer).

Fasteners for galvanized roofing (including crutches) must be made only from galvanized steel.

The standard T-shaped crutch for the eaves has a width of 100 to 200 mm, and its length depends on the design features of the roof.

Crutches are used to reinforce cornice overhangs, as well as other roof elements. Therefore, they can have different geometry, which depends on the direct purpose of the product.

Seam joints themselves are already stiffeners. Therefore, on roofs with suspended gutters, roof spikes may not be used, but may be replaced by strips of galvanized or painted metal. They are installed along the overhang. Steel strips are placed on top of the eaves strip or placed under it - depending on the geometry of the eaves profile.

nekorsakov

Before the installation of the folded paintings, it was necessary to install additional metal strips, reinforcing the rigidity of the overhang and forming a ledge (50 mm), for which the folded edges were then fastened and crimped.

Seam roofs equipped with wall gutters and flat flashings must be reinforced with roofing spikes without fail.

Having completed the arrangement of the cornice assembly, you can proceed to the next stage of work. But first, let's talk a little about the construction tool.

Tools and fixtures for mounting folded paintings

A mallet (plastic, wooden or rubber) and a hammer are tools for forming bends and other elements of a seam roof.

Shlyazen (mandrel, mandrel-blade) - a device that serves to form ridges and arrange locks at junctions (valleys, bypasses ventilation ducts and chimneys, etc.).

Straight and corner pliers (large and small) for forming seam bends and other complex elements and roofing.

Crimping roof frames - used for crimping L-shaped and double seams. In fact, both frames are used to close the double fold, because its folding is carried out in two passes: the L-frame closes the single standing fold during the first pass, and the frame for closing the double fold is used during the second pass.

There are also frames for bending roof overhangs. They are used when mounting various paintings (including self-latching ones).

A set of scissors for metal with various cutting angles.

It is impossible to cut the panels with a grinder or other abrasive tool! This destroys the protective coating of the material.

Installation of roof slopes on the example of a gable roof

Installation of roof slopes begins with the installation of the start panel. The key difference between the launch panel and the ordinary panel lies in the special geometry of the profile, thanks to which it is possible to attach the picture to the crate from two sides at once.

The step between adjacent fasteners (clamps) is 40 ... 50 cm.

Clamps must completely repeat the geometry of the bends that are on the side shelves of the folded paintings. Such fasteners can be made independently, or can be purchased on the construction market.

If the length of the roof slopes exceeds 6.5 meters, experts recommend using movable clamps that allow you to compensate for possible deformations from the thermal expansion of the panels.

After installing the starting picture, the rest of the roof is installed.

nekorsakov

Next to the laid and fixed picture, the next one is laid, which overlaps (with a folded edge) closes the nail shelf of the previous panel. Both paintings are crimped into the lock together with already installed (hidden) clasps. The result is a very reliable and tight connection, because all the fasteners are covered with sheets of metal.

Seam joints are crimped in a standard sequence. First, with the help of a frame for closing the horizontal lock, the first crimp is made. Then, with the help of a frame for closing the double seam, a second crimp is made.

The finishing picture is cut to size (so that it does not protrude beyond the gable overhang), folded over and fastened with clamps to the crate. The gable overhang is subsequently closed with a special profile.

Foamed soundproofing tape, which can be placed under the seam panels along their entire length, additionally protects the room from noise generated during rain. The tape is cut to size and stapled to the crate.

We have described the sequence of installation of paintings made on folding equipment according to individual sizes. Installation of a self-latching roof has its own nuances.

For example, during the installation of self-latching panels, roofing screws are used instead of clamps, which are screwed into the nail strips of the seam paintings. There are elongated holes on the nail strips that help to compensate for the thermal deformation of the panels.

For fastening clamps and self-latching panels to a wooden crate, roofing nails or galvanized self-tapping screws with a press washer (for wood) that have a flat head should be used.

To prevent the self-latching roof from rippling in hot weather, the self-tapping screws must be screwed exactly into the middle of the oblong hole. At the same time, having screwed the self-tapping screw completely, it should be unscrewed by about a quarter of a turn (so that the panel can move slightly under the action of thermal expansion).

Roofing in places of cornice overhangs

The ridges of the folded paintings, located in the places of the cornice overhangs, should be cut (literally by 2 ... 3 cm).

After that, the remaining (protruding) part of the picture will easily bend under the cornice overhang, forming a reliable and tight cornice ledge.

It is not necessary to completely remove the extreme part of the comb. It can be bent by forming a neat decorative cap at the end of the fold.

Installation of side end plates

We present the installation scheme of the side gable profile.

1. The bar on which the wind bar is attached (the dimensions of the bar are selected based on the geometry of the wind profile).
2. Roofing self-tapping screw "metal-wood".
3. Side end plate.
4. Start/finish panel of seam roofing.
5. Self-tapping screw with a press washer.
6. Klammer.

At the junction of the roof slopes, the end strips are connected as follows.

Installation of a ventilated ridge

The main elements of a ventilated ridge are: the upper ridge profile, ventilation grille and supporting elements.

nekorsakov

I decided to put the lower (supporting) slats between the crate and the picture, without fixing anything additionally. On top of them I mounted the upper strips (with some overlap). As a result, the support bar is held not by individual self-tapping screws, but by a whole roofing sheet, fixed with clamps and crimped with adjacent sheets. In this mounting option, the perforated wall of the support bar turned out to be pushed deep from the edge, which seemed to me better both aesthetically and functionally (away from the "aggressive" external environment with its sediments).

Pipe Bypass

Chimneys and ventilation shafts are protruding elements, bypassing which, when arranging a seam roof, requires certain skills in performing tin work. Consider the standard bypass option using the example of a self-latching roof. It can be installed by any non-professional roofer.

Pieces with locks are cut off from standard seam panels (indicated in red in the diagram). Adjacency strips (side aprons) are formed from them, which, on the one hand, are adjacent to the pipe wall, and on the other, they snap into place with neighboring paintings. The space between the side aprons is closed with abutment strips (upper and lower), which do not have a latch. A hook is made on the top bar, on which a picture is placed, suitable for the chimney from above. The lower bar with a hook lies on the lower picture.

The aprons adjoining the pipe walls are closed with roofing sealant.

Panels that have rolled under a double fold are mounted in the same way at the place bypassing the pipe.

All four aprons, in this case, are connected to the adjoining paintings by recumbent and standing folds.

Valley device

Immediately pay attention to the requirements for arranging the base for the valley bar: the base here will be a solid wooden crate.

The design of metal junctions should ensure maximum tightness of the roof at the junction of two slopes. Therefore, the valley bar must be fastened to the crate with clamps (in no case with self-tapping screws), and the adjoining paintings to the valley should be closed with a double fold.

Sofa owner

Not the best solution- perforate the paintings (and at the same time the valley) with self-tapping screws. It is more correct to make a fold (hem) on the edge of the picture and bring it to the corresponding fold of the valley. The result is a recumbent fold. The size of the overlap is approximately 30 millimeters. The endova, in turn, is fastened with clamps to the crate.

These rules are relevant for folded patterns and profiles made from sheet or rolled products on sheet-bending / seam-rolling equipment. When installing junctions on a “snap roof”, the instructions and recommendations of the roof panel manufacturers should be followed.

Connections to the wall

Adjacency to the wall is a structural element, without which no complex roof can do. Similar connections have simple design and are performed using a special profile.

You can find out more, as well as about the technological points associated with its installation, in the corresponding section of our portal. You can get information by reading an article based on the recommendations of FORUMHOUSE users. For those readers who want to see a visual master class on the installation of a seam roof, we have prepared a small thematic video.

Seam steel roofing is a classic type of roofing in Russia, which has been successfully used for many years and has proven itself to be relatively inexpensive, reliable and durable. A steel seam roof will last at least 50 years.

Advantages of steel roofing

• Light weight. Approximately 4.2 kg/sq.m. with a thickness of 0.55 mm;
• Flexibility and plasticity. Possibility of laying steel tape on radius roofs;
• Full set. Almost all additional elements, accessories and fasteners of the desired color are available;
• geometric stability. Steel coating, compared with copper or titanium-zinc, is less susceptible to deformation due to temperature changes throughout the year.

To create a folded steel roofing, rolled galvanized steel with polymer coatings is used. Depending on the type of coating, the texture and color palette of the roof changes. Seam panels-pictures are made directly on the object. This is a very time-consuming job that requires a high level of roofing skill, but the result is worth the effort.

Properly designed and technologically assembled seam roofing made of galvanized steel is guaranteed to last at least 50 years.

With the range of steel for seam roofing or facades, you can find the links below.

Ruukki

The Finnish company Ruukki, founded in 1960, produces roofing steel with various finishes (Pural, Pural matte, polyester and Purex). Thanks to special developments, Ruukki steel is close to copper in its plasticity, it is suitable for any architectural forms and all types of buildings. Silent and plastic, it does not tear during installation and is designed for a long service life.

from 430 R
per 1 m²

from 570 R
per 1 m²

from 700 R
per 1 m²

from 730 R
per 1 m²

ArcelorMittal

The Belgian company ArcelorMittal is the largest steel company in the world, supplying its products to most well-known brands. The produced steel is a high quality material with high operational characteristics.

from 470 R
per 1 m²

from 480 R
per 1 m²

Corus

Corus Group is a British steel company founded in 1999 and is currently one of the largest steel and aluminum producers in Europe. Corus produces rolled steel, including coated with polyester and plastisol. These materials have high performance characteristics suitable for the Russian climate. They resist temperature extremes and UV rays well, withstand heavy loads, and also have excellent dirt-repellent properties.

Seam roofs have a huge range in price. Since the seam is not a material, but a technology. The material can be anything - budget (galvanized), elite (copper), intermediate options. Consider what it is, profitable or unprofitable, what is the price per m2 of seam roofing and how much it justifies itself.

What is a fake?

A fold is a connection of two sheets of metal, in which the edges are bent together in one direction once (single fold) or twice (double). The double fold is more reliable and airtight; in all critical places (horse, knots) they perform it.

The seam is formed in two steps: folding the fold (if you are working with sheet / roll material, and not with the finished picture) and crimping.

An electric machine does everything in one go.

Two or more sheets, which are connected on the ground and in this form are raised to the roof, are called a picture. Pictures are also called blanks with already folded edges. Some of the materials (galvanization, copper) are not sold in sheets, but in rolls: on a small roof, the picture may not have a single fold, the slope along the entire length is covered with a single strip. Locks will only be on the connection of the pictures with each other.

The fold can be standing or lying (the lock is bent parallel to the sheet). Horizontal strips of metal are connected by recumbents, the lock looks down, along the weir line. Perpendicular to the ridge (along the slope) make standing. There are also paintings with self-locking folds, they are connected to each other according to the tongue / groove principle.

Advantages and disadvantages of seam roofs

Benefits of a seam roof:

• low weight due to the small thickness of the metal (usually within 0.8 mm).
• due to the small thickness - flexibility, the ability to cover, including curved roofs;
• water resistance: the rebate is more airtight than fastening with hardware.

• the roof is more susceptible to mechanical damage than metal profile coatings;
• disadvantages of any metal roof: thermal conductivity, lack of sound insulation, electrical conductivity, electrostatics, the roof heats up in the heat;
• snow retainers are required: due to the smooth surface, an avalanche of snow is possible.

Durability and cost cannot be attributed to either advantages or disadvantages: they depend on the material. The more expensive the material, the more durable the roof: simple galvanizing lasts no more than 10-15 years, copper and zinc-titanium - more than half a century. They look the prettiest of all.

Related Articles

Basic rules for the installation of a seam roof

Roofing can be laid on a continuous or sparse crate. In the second case, the calculated step must be carefully observed so that the coating does not sag. For the manufacture of sparse crates are used:

• timber 5 by 5 cm, conifers impregnated with an antiseptic, humidity not more than 12%;
• board 3.2 by 10, similarly;
• metal profile with anti-corrosion coating (preferably used for pictures with self-locking folds).

If the crate is continuous, the vapor-diffusion film is placed on top of it, directly under the coating. If sparse - then under it.

In the presence of a heater, the structure of the cake is as follows:

• heat-insulating material (fits between the rafter legs);
• counterlattice;
• waterproofing membrane;
• crate.

Our work

The price of metal for seam roofing

Approximate cost of material in Moscow:

• simple galvanizing, sheet 1 by 2 meters - from 400 rubles, service life 10-15 years;
• galvanized with a polymer coating lasts 15-30 years, depending on the polymer. The price is proportional to the durability. Polyester - from 400 per square meter;
• purex - from 500;
• pural - from 600;
• aluminum - from 1.5 thousand per square, lasts up to 50 years (guarantee - 40);
• zinc-titanium from 3 thousand per square, lasts up to a century;
• copper - from 3 thousand to 150 years.

Prices are for sheet and roll materials. Metal for seam roofing can be sold in the form of blanks with an already bent edge. In this case, the price is not much higher. But the cost depends heavily on the manufacturer. 400-600 rubles for steel with a polymer coating is the price of Russian brands. Imported is 2 times more expensive. For example, pictures with self-locking folds from Ruukki polyester cost from 900 rubles per square, pural - from a thousand.

It should be noted that the purchase of expensive metals for the roof justifies itself: they are almost eternal, because they are not afraid of corrosion. From interaction with air and water, a patina forms on the surface. It does not reduce the strength of the material (as, for example, iron oxide), but, on the contrary, prolongs it: the patina layer reliably protects the sheets from corrosion. And it looks noble.

As for steel roofs, they, alas, do not last forever. With simple galvanizing, resistance to external factors decreases as the zinc is washed off.

To extend the service life, the roof is regularly painted with oil paint (at least once every 2-3 years). Non-galvanized metal on roofs (and in general for street work) cannot be used. Polymer-coated steel is more reliable than simple galvanizing, but the coating itself is very capricious. It is easy to scratch it during installation, and if you do not immediately paint over the scratch with polymer paint, corrosion will begin to develop at the site of damage.

For comparison, other popular roofing coatings should be mentioned.

A metal tile costs on average about 300 rubles per square, the service life is up to half a century.

She also has a polymer coating, but there are advantages over a seam roof:

• well ventilated, less affected by condensation;
• mechanically stronger: profile waves serve as additional stiffeners.

Flexible tiles also cost about 300 rubles. Serves depending on the brand and model from 20 to 50 years. Absolutely sealed. There are no disadvantages of metals: heat / sound / electrical conductivity. You can’t cover a curved roof with a metal tile, but you can with a flexible one. Unlike seam roofing (roof slope 7-30 degrees, optimal - 10-15), bituminous tiles can cover slopes of any steepness, up to negative surfaces.

Ceramic tiles do not apply to budgetary coatings, from 1000 rubles. The service life is practically unlimited: in Europe there are houses with ceramic roofs built two centuries ago and older. But, unlike all of the listed roofs, ceramics are heavy. A reinforced truss system is needed.

The price for the work of the seam roof

ROUTING
ON THE DEVICE OF A SEAM METAL ROOF

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

The technological map has been developed for the installation of roofing from galvanized sheet or rolled steel, both with and without polymer coating, for public and residential buildings with a roof slope of 7 to 30 °. Roof coverings can also be made from non-ferrous metals. In this technological map the technology of metal roofing is considered, in which the connection of individual elements of the coating is performed using folds.

The purpose of the formation of the technological process for this technological map is:

- ensuring the safe movement of workers on the roof and the safe execution of production processes;

- rational use of the simplest mechanisms and devices for roofing work;

- Achieving a high level of labor productivity;

- Reducing the cost of work performed.

2. General provisions

Seam roofing is one of the many roofing systems that reliably protect premises from atmospheric influences. It is the most hermetic system and virtually eliminates the possibility of through corrosion.

Lifting to the roof, moving and lowering to the ground various tools, materials and fixtures is a necessary type of work in the implementation of production operations, which creates additional labor intensity for roofing. These works belong to the category of work with an increased risk of production factors, and under certain conditions are carried out with the issuance of a work permit.

Lifting, lowering and holding in an elevated position on the roof various cargoes(pictures, mechanisms, fixtures, etc.) for roofing, the use of winches and hoists as manual cranes must be carried out taking into account the requirements of GOST 12.3.009 and PB-10-382-00.

The basis of a seam roof is a special method of connecting two adjacent sheets of metal using a seam connection. The fold is double and single. Correctly executed fold excludes any leaks. Separate elements of a folded roof are usually called paintings. The edges of the picture are prepared in advance for the seam connection. Fold - a type of seam formed when joining sheets (pictures) of a metal roof (Fig. 1, 2, 3).

Fig.1. Single and double fold

Fig.2. seam roof

Fig.3. Connection of paintings with recumbent and standing seam

Prior to the installation of a metal roof, organizational and preparatory measures must be completed in accordance with SNiP 12-01-2004 "Organization of construction". All assembly and related work must be completed, issued with acts for hidden work in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures". Preparatory work include:

- verification of compliance with the design slopes of the roof slopes;

- checking the correctness of the crate device;

- sorting and quality control of supplied metal sheets.

The main materials for sheet steel roofing are non-galvanized (black) or galvanized sheet steel roofing. Roofing steel is produced in the form of sheets measuring 1420x710 mm, 2000x1000 mm, 0.4-0.8 mm thick, weighing (depending on thickness) from 3 to 6 kg. Non-galvanized (black) sheet steel is used to a limited extent in construction and overhaul buildings. Roofs from it require frequent painting with drying oil. The most effective use of roofing galvanized steel. It is less exposed to corrosion, its service life is much longer. The surface of galvanized steel must be smooth, without films, bubbles, streaks, with dense and uniform galvanization.

In most cases, roofs consist of two main parts - a carrier in the form truss system and enclosing in the form of roofing. With a wooden supporting structure, under a roofing sheet of steel, a crate is usually arranged from boards with a section of 200x50 mm and bars with a section of 50x50 mm. The crate is supported on roof structures with a distance between the rafters of 1.2-2 m. Bars and boards are placed at a distance of 200 mm from each other. With this arrangement in the crate, the foot of a person walking along the slope of the roof will always rest on two bars, which will prevent the deflection of the roofing.

The lathing under the roof of sheet steel must be even, strong, rigid, without protrusions and recesses. Between the control rail 1 m long and the crate, a clearance of no more than 5 mm is allowed. For the installation of a cornice overhang and wall gutters, a solid plank flooring is laid from edged boards 3-4 boards wide (700 mm). The front board of the cornice overhang must be straight and hang from the cornice by the same amount along its entire length. A continuous flooring of edged boards is also arranged under the grooves (up to a width of 500 mm in each direction).

Along the ridge of the roof, two boards converging with edges are laid, which serve to maintain the ridge joint. From correct device The durability of the roof depends on the lathing, since even a slight deflection of the sheets on it weakens the density of the joints (folds), which leads to leakage and destruction of the coating.

Seam roof connections can be made different ways. There is another kind of folds - self-latching. They are connected to each other without using a tool. The most airtight and moisture-proof is a double standing seam - this is a longitudinal connection protruding above the roof plane between two adjacent roofing patterns, the edges of which have a double bend.

For the installation of seam roofing, roll technology can be used. Roll technology is a process of manufacturing metal roofing paintings for the entire length of the slope with edges prepared for joining in a double seam on a special blanking machine. Pictures are stacked on a slope, fixed with clamps and connected to each other in a double standing seam using a seaming machine. The tightness of the double seam, where necessary, is ensured by the use of a seal located inside the seam.

3. Organization and technology of work performance

Roofing installation works include the following operations:

- covering of cornice overhangs;

- installation of wall gutters;

- the device of an ordinary covering (covering of slopes of a roof);

- covering of grooves.

The scheme of organization of work during the installation of a metal roof is shown in Fig. 4, 5.

ROOF PLAN

Fig.4. Facade and roof plan

roofing jobs

1 - automobile crane KS-35714K; 2 - cornice flooring from boards; 3 - crate; 4 - inventory platform; 5 - metal stand; 6 - a picture of an ordinary coating; 7 - a picture of a wall gutter; 8 - the border of the danger zone near the building under construction

Fig.5. Scheme of organization of work in the construction of a metal roof

Roofing pictures prepared in advance are lifted to the roof with the help of a KS-35714K truck crane in special containers. To receive them, an inventory collapsible platform and a light stand for storing sheets are installed on the roof.

Covering the eaves begins with the installation of crutches along the overhang, designed to support the paintings. The crutches are nailed to the crate through 700 mm from each other with the removal (overhang) from the edge of the crate by 130-170 mm.

All crutches must be laid with the same overhang, so first the two extreme crutches are nailed, and one of the nails on each crutch is not completely hammered. A cord is pulled between these nails, by which the positions of all intermediate crutches are determined.

Covering the roof with sheet steel is made from pre-prepared sheets called paintings. Pictures can be single and double (of two sheets), connected along the short sides. The latter method is more productive, as it reduces labor costs for connecting sheets on the roof and allows the use of enlarged roofing elements. The preparation of paintings consists in bending the edges of the sheet on four sides for their subsequent connection on the roof with folds. It can be done manually or mechanized on folding machines.

Roofing sheets are usually interconnected along the short side of the sheet with recumbent folds, and along the long side with standing (ridge) folds. When covering the roof slopes, the ridge folds are located along the slope, and the recumbent folds are located across (parallel to the roof ridge), which does not prevent water from flowing from the slopes. Seam joints can be single and double. It is advisable to connect sheets for covering roof slopes with small roof slopes (about 16 °) and in places of the greatest accumulation of water (gutters, grooves) with double folds.

Covering the roof slopes is one of the most labor-intensive operations in the construction of sheet steel roofs. In the complex of works performed on the roof on the installation of an ordinary roofing of slopes, the greatest labor costs fall on connecting paintings with ridge folds, since the length of the latter is twice the length of the recumbent folds, of which half is performed in the workshop when preparing paintings. Usually, the connection of roofing paintings with a comb seam is made by roofers using hammers or with a hammer using a lapel bar. Recently, electric comb benders and comb benders have been proposed and used, which allow performing work without the use of roofing hammers.

The cornice paintings prepared earlier and submitted to the roof are laid on top of the crutches along the overhang of the roof in such a way that their edge, which has a lapel tape, tightly wraps around the protruding part of the crutch. The unfolded edge of the sheets on the opposite side is nailed to the crate with nails with a distance of 400-500 mm between them. The nail heads are further covered with a wall gutter. Pictures of the cornice overhang are interconnected by recumbent folds.

At the end of the coating of the cornice overhangs, wall gutters are laid. Typically, the gutters are located between the water intake funnels with a slope of 1:20 to 1:10. Work begins with the installation of hooks, which are placed along the line marked for laying the gutters and beaten off with a chalked cord. Hooks are placed on top of the cornice paintings at a distance of 650 mm from one another. Hooks should be placed perpendicular to the line of wall gutters and nailed with two or three nails to the crate.

At the end of the work on laying the wall gutters, the roof slopes are covered. Pictures of the ordinary covering of gable roofs (gable) are usually laid, starting from the gable wall (pediment), and hip (four-slope) - from the edge of their skates. The paintings are laid out in strips along the slope of the roof in the direction from the ridge to the gutter. Pictures in each strip are connected to each other by recumbent folds. In this way, several strips are laid, which are temporarily attached at the ridge to the crate with nails (beyond the edge of the bent edge of the ridge). The gable overhang should hang from the crate by 40-50 mm. The overhang is fastened with end clamps installed every 200-400 mm, which, together with the longitudinal bend of the ordinary strip, are bent in the form of a double standing seam. The gable overhangs of monumental buildings, as well as buildings built in areas with heavy winds, should be fixed in the same way as cornice overhangs, i.e. on crutches with the device of lapel tapes with droppers.

Clamps are nailed along the strip assembled from paintings to the side of the crate at a distance of 600 mm from each other. Then the second strip is assembled and laid in such a way that the folded large edge of the first strip adjoins the small folded edge of the sheets of the second strip. At the same time, adjacent strips are shifted relative to each other by 40-50 mm, so that the recumbent folds of adjacent paintings are spaced apart.

Laying ordinary strips on a slope is carried out with a release of 50-60 mm above the roof ridge to form a ridge ridge. In order to avoid meeting on the ridge of two ridge folds of opposite roof slopes, they are placed apart at a mutual distance of at least 50 mm. Adjacent strips of paintings are first connected with a ridge fold only at the clamps, while they are pulled tightly to the crate, and then along the entire length of the ridge fold.

Following the coating of the roof slopes, the grooves are covered from the ridge to the overhang. The strip of the groove assembled in the workshop and rolled up on the roof is unfolded and laid in place so that its longitudinal edges fit under the edges of the ordinary roofing of the slopes, which are cut with hand scissors along the borders of the groove. Then the edges of the groove are connected to the edges of the ordinary covering with a lying fold, bent towards the groove, with the final sealing of the folds with a mallet.

The scheme of the device cornice overhangs

1 - rafter leg; 2 - crate; 3 - cornice flooring from boards; 4 - picture of the cornice overhang; 5 - crutch

Fig.6. Timber lapel for the device of folds and the scheme of the device of cornice overhangs

After connecting with the ordinary coating, the upper end of the groove, adjacent to the ridge, is cut to the shape of the ridge, and the lower end, adjacent to the wall gutter, is cut parallel to the direction of the gutter, leaving an edge for the fold. Then the groove is connected to the ridge with a ridge fold and with a wall gutter - a recumbent fold, bent towards the gutter (in the direction of the water flow). The folds, which connect the sheets of the groove between themselves and with an ordinary roofing, must be smeared with minium putty.

In order to better drain water from behind the pipe, a triangular cutting (opening) is made on the upper side of the pipe in the form of a gable roof from boards or bars nailed to the crate and covered with sheet steel. Water flowing from the slope of the roof is dissected by cutting and flows down the slopes. The collar formed by the bends of the edges of the paintings should tightly wrap around the pipe shaft and be connected in the corners to the fold.

More efficient is Roll technology. The technology is called so because roofing paintings are made directly on construction sites from metal delivered in rolls and can be of almost any length. This is what makes it possible to avoid transverse (lying) folds and, accordingly, the main places of leakage. The connection of roofing paintings is carried out, as a rule, in a double standing seam. To ensure complete tightness of the joints, as mentioned above, the fold can be sealed with silicone sealant. The use of roll technology requires modern equipment, including machines for cutting metal, special bending and seaming machines, etc. Roll technology is the most progressive and makes it possible to arrange modern seam roofs both from simple galvanized rolled steel and from galvanized steel with polymer coatings.

SCHEME OF THE DEVICE OF THE ROOF FROM SHEET STEEL

1 - a picture in an ordinary strip;	9 - eaves flooring;
2 - recumbent fold;	10 - a picture of a wall gutter;
3 - ridge fold;	11 - hook;
4 - ridge ridge fold;	12 - picture of the cornice overhang;
5 - board;	13 - funnel;
6 - rafter leg;	14 - tray;
7 - crate;	15 - gable clamp;
8 - crutch;	16 - roofing nail.

ridge ridge

Fig.7. Seam roof device

FASTENING THE GED EDGE OF THE ROW STRIP

SCHEME OF CONNECTION OF SHEETS WITH A STANDING FOLD WITH THEIR FASTENING WITH A CLASS

1 - clamp; 2 - sheet of roofing steel; 3 - crate

A-d - sequence of operations

Fig.8. Joining roofing sheets with a seam and fixing the edge strip

SCHEMES OF CONNECTION OF THE ROOF TO THE CHIMNEY

1 - cutting; 2 - otter; 3 - crate; 4 - collar

Fig.9. Adjoining the seam roof to the chimney

The most difficult part of a steel roof is the collar around the chimney. It is better to make it in advance - all work can be done below, on a workbench, and the roofing sheet with a ready-made collar can be included in the overall coverage. Roofs made of non-galvanized steel should be primed and painted immediately after installation (at least twice). For oil paints (including when using minium iron), the primer is drying oil with the addition of pigments, for nitro enamels - a nitro primer.

Table 1

Calculation of labor costs and machine time

“The most important thing is the weather in the house” - this applies not only to relationships within the family, this phrase is not without a direct meaning. A lot depends on what the “head” of your house is covered with and how comfortable the climatic conditions are. For this it is very important to choose correct coverage roofs, the type and type of roofing, the material from which it is made, a quality manufacturer, as well as structures that fit the selected type of coverage, and much more. The concept of "roof" includes a huge number of details and nuances. And to understand what is "modern quality coating”, this article will help.

Why is seam roofing so popular now?

Fold - a type of seam, with which the connection of sheets of metal roofing is performed. Seam type of roofing is the most modernized and durable way to protect your home from the negative impact of any weather conditions. Tightness, strength, the possibility of using various mounting technologies, materials, modern system fasteners, guaranteed absence of any through holes- distinctive features of this type of roofing.

Varieties

Copper seam roof

This type of roof has its own varieties, depending directly on the material. The most elite type msingle seam roof.

Copper as a material has its own properties that characterize it, such as high mechanical strength, respectively, suitability for machining, and thanks to the chemical process of "auto-extinguishing" corrosion, copper sheets have such qualities as durability (at least 150 years!). That is why seam roofing made of rolled copper is considered to be a premium class coating.

aluminum roof

Of course, in terms of durability, aluminum is practically not inferior to copper. folding aluminum- one of the new trends in the field of roofing materials. In relation to copper, this is more affordable option. Features of such a coating are lightness, relative strength, resistance to corrosion. Huge selection colors thanks to the enamel coating - exactly what will help emphasize the individuality of your building.

Seam roofing made of titanium-zinc

Titanium zinc - material that is durable and flexible. But at the same time, it is not as "compliant" as the above materials: due to its capriciousness, titanium-zinc can be quite unpredictable in the winter. What it has in common with copper is that it has a patina in use that makes it almost as durable and noble as copper. And exceptional aesthetics appearance will satisfy any preferences of the most capricious customers.

Enameled galvanized iron

However, in spite of everything, galvanized iron was and remains the most common material for folding. Why? Firstly, of course, due to its low cost compared to other materials. Secondly, because of the galvanization, the roof has good reflective properties and protection against overheating.

But do not forget about the shortcomings of iron - poor sound insulation and a shorter service life - up to 50 years (corrosion processes are still inevitable).

"Pros" and "cons" of seam roofing

In addition to reliability, tightness, strength, a modernized fastening system and high quality, the seam coating has many advantages, and in addition to the above:

• Light weight material. This is very important, because this fact allows you to apply almost any type of design, including the simplest ones, which can save you a lot of money;
• materials according to their chemical properties are not combustible. And this is a huge plus for security for you and your property;
• Smooth roof surface. Smoothness allows water to drain quickly and locally without lingering;
• High flexibility and ductility of metal compared to other roofing materials. Makes it possible to cover roofs of absolutely any shape;
• Relative ease of repair;
• Fairly long service life– approximately from 20 to 150 years;
• Wide range of coating colors;
• Anti-corrosion coating;
• This type of roof Suitable for both ventilated and non-ventilated floors and for absolutely any type of foundation;
• Huge range of widths and lengths panels;
• Immediate the production of materials takes place either at the factory or at the roofing site from long products thanks to the use of ultra-modern portable equipment;
• The presence of a ventilation system, snow retention, drainage;
• Quick and fairly easy installation this type of roof.

Well, and, of course, as in every type of construction work, there are shortcomings in the seam roofing of roofs, although there are not so many of them. Here are some of them:

• Quite high thermal conductivity, which leads to the formation of icicles on the roof in winter;
• Due to the smoothness of the roof surface, snow and ice can roll down like an avalanche.

However, this drawback can be eliminated: in winter, hire specialists who will clean the roofs of snow and icicles. In no case do not try to do it yourself without the necessary equipment and experience, because. due to slip and smoothness, the surface is very dangerous!

• Poor sound insulation;
• The need to install a lightning rod;
• With a very detailed examination and approximation, you can see “bruising” on the metal surface, but this in no way affects the quality of the seams.

Climatic conditions for this type of roof

The main feature of our type of climate is seasonality and a wide range temperature regime thereby. Among other things, the precipitation of a wide variety of precipitation throughout the year is the most severe test for roofing and roofing materials of any kind and type.

Seam roofing is the most versatile type of roofing for our type of climate, because it protects the house in almost all weather conditions. Including from rain and leakage associated with it, because. there are no through cracks on the surface due to the peculiarity of the seams. As for winter, here, as mentioned above, it is advisable to resort to the help of specialists and spend a little money to ensure complete guaranteed safety for you and your family members.

Useful recommendation: in regions with increased solar activity or with too hot climatic conditions, such a polymer coating for seam roofing as pural. Pural is a polymer that prevents the negative effects on metal coatings of such natural factors as high humidity, salts of various compounds after radioactive fallout, and other harmful emissions.

Practical application of folding

Folding is one of the most modern methods of mounting a metal coating, which allows you to connect metal sheets to each other using a special seam - a fold (single or double, standing or lying). It is this type of fastening that creates a special kind of pattern on the surface of the roof. The manufacturing technology of such a seam is rather complicated, but it ensures durability, quality and tightness.

Seam roofs find their application everywhere, in all areas of construction: both in municipal, industrial, commercial buildings and buildings, as well as in the private construction of summer cottages, houses and cottages.

Installation

Installation of any roof is a painstaking task and requires maximum care and certain skills. For the installation of a seam type of roof, two main technologies are mainly used: roll installation technology and traditional technology.

Rolled is considered more mobile, since roofing materials are prepared on the spot, this requires sheets of metal of a certain desired length. With this technology, a standing double fold is usually used.

If we talk about traditional technology, then everything is much more complicated than the above, because there are more stages of installation, and they themselves require a lot of time. First you need to prepare the drawings, then create the so-called "painting" blanks - metal sheets. Naturally, for marking and working with this technology, it is necessary to acquire modern tools and special aids. However, the game is worth the candle.

Each of the technologies has its pros and cons, depending on the structural features of your roof, the structures at the base, and the materials.

Described below stepwise technology seam roof installation with illustrations for each stage.

Favorable weather conditions for installation

Of course, for any construction work Better conditions- warmth and dryness. But, unfortunately, it is not always possible to guess. You need to think through everything to the smallest detail: snowfall, ice, rain, reduced daylight hours, etc. - everything that can delay or extend the work. Remember to carry out roofing work at temperatures below
-15, -20°C is not recommended at all.

And if you are still determined, then the most best advice- this is to stretch the awning over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house in order to avoid covering the surface with snow or ice, damage to materials, etc.

Required Tools

You may need a lot of tools and nozzles for them, and the most basic of them:

• any measuring device, such as a level, plumb line or level - a tool for determining the difference between the heights of certain points on the surface in relation to the set level, for measuring the level rise;
• scissors (electric for carving and manual for cutting), as well as a nibbler - a special machine for quick sharpening;
• for the device of the crate, it is better to use a jigsaw and a hacksaw;
• "Bulgarian";
• perforator and drill;
• a pressing gun may also be needed;
• mallets (both wooden and rubber).

And please use one piece of advice: cutting seam panels with angle grinders is permissible only if the unprocessed areas are protected from sawdust that fly out, and the cut points are painted with an anti-corrosion solution.

Necessary materials and means of installation

There are also a lot of auxiliary tools and special materials that may be needed during the installation process. Looking at the picture, match the numbers and you will see how and what it looks like and where it should be installed.

Rice. 15. Mounting materials

1. directly the metal sheet itself for folding;
2. drainage system;
3. crate;
4. an important counter-lattice (the so-called counter-bars) - these are bars that are stuffed onto the rafters, directly onto the hydro-barrier material;
5. waterproofing;
6. insulation;
7. vapor barrier;
8. the most common double-sided tape;
9. ceiling lining;
10. technological crate;
11. rafters;
12. solid crate;
13. cornice lining.

roof structure requirements

There are many types of roofs. The main division is based on the slope: pitched and flat. If the slope is more than 10% - this is a pitched roof surface, and up to 2.5% - this is, respectively, flat. Also, roofs can be attic or non-attic (in other words, separate or combined), depending on constructive solution. It is possible to divide the roofs into shed (reliance on bearing walls, different from each other in height; suitable for building utility rooms), gable (consist of two slopes that rest on walls of the same height), three-slope, four-slope and multi-slope - depends on the shape of your roof.

Fig.16. shed roof

Rice. 17. Gable roof

Which roof shape will be more suitable for the covering you have chosen? It is better to leave this question for professionals who will be able to inspect your “fortress” “on the spot”. However, it must be taken into account that for the individual construction of residential premises, the most suitable type is usually pitched and sloping roof structures.

The need to install snow guards

Seam roofs, given the smooth surface of the coating, are in dire need of installing this part.

They are installed above the roof railing. If the slope length exceeds 10 meters, it is necessary to install snow retainers in two rows. In advance, in the process of direct installation of the roof, you need to mount an additional profile (usually 12 cm from the crate). The bracket is fastened with a dowel through a sealing gasket (rubber) and a seam panel to the crate.

For safety reasons, do not attach the brackets to the same sheet .

Processing of wooden roof structures

It is highly recommended to process wooden surfaces(mainly, it is antiseptic and flame retardant - fire-fighting treatment). It can be done either before assembly or after assembly of the structure. Before assembly, individual bars and boards are processed various methods, including immersion in a container with a solution. After assembly, it is possible to process the battens and rafters, both with a spray gun and with a brush, apply the solution.

Roofing dismantling

The dismantling of the roof is just as important as the installation, it is the same painstaking and complex procedure, which requires certain knowledge, experience and special tools.

If you are not sure that you can dismantle the roof correctly, according to all instructions and safety precautions on your own or even with the help of friends and acquaintances, then the best way- Seek help from qualified professionals. They will do it quickly, professionally and efficiently, although not cheap.

For the "correct" dismantling, special tools are used to help remove roofing material undamaged to be reused. This is very important, because it is known that the materials for seam roofing are for the most part not cheap.

Notable Folding Uses

The metal has been firmly tested for thousands of years, and such a technique for its connection as a fold - for at least centuries, and in combination with modern and modernized installation systems makes it indispensable in construction.

Here are some interesting examples folding.

Tampere, Finland

This is not only the building of the city library, but also an interesting example of modern architecture, which consists of autonomous bodies of different diameters and heights.

Stockholm, Sweden

In this image, we see the use of a seam (both lying and standing seams), as well as the use of a bright architectural solution- "twirling" of metal. This is a photograph of the Swedish museum in honor of the Vassa ship that sank more than three hundred years ago. Such a "torn" image makes the viewer perceive the tragic story of the shipwreck more deeply.

Helsinki, Finland

The peculiarity of the roof of this building is that the joints of its roof are made "in a row" according to the seam technology of the roof from blanks of metal sheets (about 4 m in length).

Nizhny Novgorod, Russia

This building is known as the Gramophone House. Its "highlight" is a bright green roof of a specific shape. Regarding the technology used in this case, it can be said that the horizontally spaced blanks are connected by a lying fold, and the use of a single standing seam is noticeable on the edges.

Amsterdam, Holland

In the waters of the port of this amazing and mysterious city, there is a green ship - a building of a rather strange shape. Its main technological feature is the use of artificially aged copper.