Heating rocket stove. Jet or rocket stove - features, pros and cons

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The rocket stove was used by many peoples of the world long before the advent of modern home and household stoves. It served, first of all, for heating the dwelling and provided warm sleeping place in the House. Cooking also played an important role. When designing the stove design, it was necessary to come up with a system that could operate at the highest possible efficiency when loaded with low quality wood fuel (in dry and wet form).

Nowadays, it is used for heating, for cooking, and also as an interior element. You can make a rocket stove with your own hands practically from improvised means. It all depends on its purpose and the place where it will be used.

There are many types and designs of a rocket furnace - from the simplest to multifunctional. For efficient operation, it is necessary to follow some rules for the operation of the furnace structure. There are 2 basic principles of operation of a rocket furnace, regardless of its configuration:

• free circulation of released gases from the fuel through the formed furnace channels, without manual chimney draft;
• afterburning of pyrolysis gases released from fuel burnout under conditions of insufficient oxygen supply.

Design, characteristics and application

The rocket stove owes its unique name to the characteristic stove hum that can be heard throughout the entire combustion process. It is remotely similar to the sound of a rocket taking off. The similarity with a rocket is also that in it, in the process of combustion, a jet thrust is created. The conical shape of the furnace can also be associated with the name, but this is not the main characteristic.

There are 2 types of furnace construction (shown in the diagrams):

The simplest rocket oven

The simplest design of a direct combustion rocket furnace is 2 pipes connected by a branch - a Russian rocket furnace.

The down tube is separated by a metal plate. The upper part of the pipe is approximately 2/3 of the total space where the main fuel is directly laid. The lower part serves as a primitive blower, which provides air exchange in the furnace.

The fuel filling in this case is horizontal. When laid vertically, a rocket-type furnace consists of two vertical pipes of different lengths, and a third horizontal one, which serves as a connecting channel. The latter performs the function of a furnace.

The simplest form of a jet stove is installed, usually outdoors, for the purpose of cooking food and heating water.

For the manufacture of a stationary simple brick rocket furnace, a material is used that is installed on a heat-resistant platform.

In order to achieve higher performance, new elements were added to the simplest design of the stove.

The diagram shows a camp jet furnace. The lower pipe is divided by a special jumper into a fuel compartment (2) and a compartment for venting air into the combustion area (3). The upper part of the furnace consists of a riser pipe, around which a heat-insulating composition (4) is laid, which is closed on top by an external metal casing (1).

The operation of the furnace is as follows: fuel (straw, paper) that warms up the furnace is placed in the fuel compartment, after burning through which the main fuel (wood chips, rods, etc.) is added. In the process of active combustion, hot gases are formed that rise along the riser and exit to the outside. A stand for cooking utensils is installed on the pipe cut, taking into account the gap of 7-10 mm. Otherwise, if the necessary clearance is not maintained, the outlet for oxygen draft will be blocked, which, in turn, raises the hot gases up. The combustion process will stop.

If the conditions for creating air draft are met, even with the furnace door closed, the combustion process will not stop. Here, the second principle of the rocket furnace is partially triggered. long burning- post-combustion of pyrolysis gases under conditions of insufficient oxygen supply.

For this principle to work in full, it is necessary to provide the rocket furnace with high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary combustion chamber, because for the processes of formation and combustion of gases, temperature requirements must be met.

advanced design

This type of rocket stove in an advanced configuration can be used at home for both cooking and heating rooms. In addition to the fuel compartment and the pipe, there is a second building in it, at the top of which a hob is installed, and the chimney is led to the street. You can heat a room with an area of ​​​​up to 50 sq.m. with such a stove.

As a result of the modernization, useful qualities and efficiency are increased due to the fact that the long-burning rocket furnace acquires several unique and important properties:

• in contrast to the simple design of the rocket furnace, the improved one uses a second outer casing, a thermally insulating material around the combustion pipe, a hermetically sealed upper part of the casing, which creates conditions for maintaining a high temperature for a long time;
• autonomous hole for supplying secondary air to modernized furnace performs optimal blowing, while in a simple design an open firebox is used for this;
• the chimney system is designed in such a way that the heated gas flow does not immediately rush out of the pipe, but passes through the furnace channels, ensuring high-quality afterburning of the secondary fuel, heating the hob and uniform heat transfer of the air in the room through the heated furnace body.

The improved design uses additional elements focused on creating high heat transfer and multifunctionality of the rocket furnace. Two principles of operation of the furnace are actively involved here. First, there is a preliminary combustion of solid fuel, which, during combustion, releases pyrolysis gases, which are used as secondary fuel.

The principle of operation of a rocket furnace of this design is shown in detail in the diagram on the left. The fuel compartment (1) is loaded with fuel for pre-combustion. In the zone of the most active heat exchange (2), under conditions of insufficient supply of primary oxygen (A), regulated by a damper (3), pyrolysis gases are released. They rush to the end of the fire channel (5), where they are burned out. Favorable conditions for the combustion of gases are created due to the high thermal insulation of the structure and the continuously incoming flow of secondary oxygen (B).

The hot gas then rises up the internal channel of the riser pipe (7) under the housing cover, which is often equipped under the hob (10), due to continuous high-temperature heating. There, the accumulation of gas diverges through the channels located between the riser and the outer furnace body (6). In conditions of constant heating of the body, its walls accumulate heat, from which the air in the room heats up. After that, the gas flow descends down the channel, and then goes up into the chimney pipe (11).

The burning process can last several hours. For maximum heat transfer of the furnace and complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is necessary to maintain a consistently high temperature in the riser. To do this, it is placed in a pipe of a slightly larger diameter, which is called a shell (8). The formed space between the two pipes is tightly filled with a heat-resistant composition, such as sifted sand, to provide thermal insulation in the pipe.

Features of the operation of the rocket furnace

1. Before loading the main fuel, the furnace must be warmed up. This is more about large and multifunctional rocket ovens. In them, without preheating, thermal energy will be used for nothing.
2. To accelerate the furnace, dry paper, wood shavings, and straw are placed in an open blower. Sufficient heating of the furnace can be determined by the hum in the furnace, which subsequently subsides. Then, the main fuel is put into the heated rocket stove, which is ignited by the accelerating fuel.
3. At the beginning of the combustion of the main fuel, the blower door is opened completely. After a while, as the stove rumble appears, the blower is covered until the rumble is replaced by a whisper. In the future, to assess the state of combustion of the furnace, it is also necessary to focus on the “stove sound”, slightly opening the blower door when it subsides and covering it when a rumble occurs.
4. The larger the reactive oven, the smaller the fresh air opening needed. It is advisable to use a separate blower in such a furnace.
5. The adjustment of the power of the furnace operation can occur only due to the amount of fuel put in, but not due to the air supply.
6. When making a large rocket furnace on your own, its bunker should be made with a tight-fitting lid, without gaps and cracks. Otherwise, a stable operating mode of the furnace will not be ensured, which is fraught with the consumption of excess fuel energy.
7. Contrary to popular belief, a rocket stove for a bath is not suitable for installation, since the stove does not emit sufficient infrared radiation, which is necessary for heating walls and giving off convection to the air masses in a bath. The rocket stove for a bath, theoretically, can only be installed using the Shirokov-Khramtsov stove type, the characteristics of which are given below.
8. A rocket stove for a garage is a mobile version of a stove design that can quickly heat up a room. The main element is a heating tank from a pipe.

Fuel types

With proper assembly and operation, a rocket stove can be fired with any type of solid fuel, wood and its waste. For example, branches, leaves, firewood, coal, corn stalks, cones, pieces of chipboard, pieces of furniture. It is possible to load fuel into the furnace both in dry and raw form. This is especially true for its operation in natural conditions, where it is not always possible to find dry raw materials.

Varieties of rocket furnaces

The rocket furnace can be made independently or to order from various materials. Here it is necessary to focus on the possibilities and available resources.

Gas cylinder stove

Used gas cylinder- a widely used material for the manufacture of the furnace. The convenience of its use lies in the fact that it is, in fact, a ready-made blank of an elongated cone-shaped furnace body. Fuel costs are minimal, and the heat generated will heat a room up to 50 sq.m. The material of the cylinder must be chosen not explosive and resistant to high temperatures and heat. The best way- this is a propane cylinder made of solid metal, with a capacity of 50 liters, a diameter of 35 cm and a height of 85 cm. This volume is enough to burn any type of fuel.

Also, for the manufacture of a portable rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, volumes of 12 and 27 liters are used, but with less heat transfer. The cylinder can be purchased at a special gas station.

Before starting the manufacture of the furnace, gas is vented from the cylinder by opening the valve for a while. Then, a simple potbelly stove is made. Next, the upper part of the cylinder is cut off, the hole for the valve remains. The top is cut out round hole with a welded steel strip, which serves as the basis for the chimney.

brick oven

It can be both stationary and traveling. Hastily folded, in 15-20 minutes, a dry rocket stove made of bricks, brick fragments or cobblestones will do an excellent job of cooking and heating water. The disadvantage of such a furnace is the low fuel economy and low heat transfer. Heating the bricks in the chimney up to 1000 degrees allows the structure to quickly enter the operating mode. At the same time, the rocket does not smoke due to the fact that at such a temperature all the fuel burns without residue.

Rocket furnace with water jacket

The most commonly used stationary furnace type. The peculiarity of such a furnace is that heat transfer is not only for heating the air in the room, but also for water. To do this, a rocket furnace with a water circuit is connected to a heat storage tank - to create an autonomous water supply system. Perfect option for use in a country house or in private water, because the device helps to reduce the cost of heating and heating water, which is very economical.

Barrel oven

A common model for home heating. Low-cost in manufacturing and energy-intensive in heat transfer. Often equipped with a warm bed. Able to heat a room of more than 50 square meters. m. For the manufacture of the stove, a standard 200-liter barrel with a diameter of 607 mm is perfect. This diameter can be reduced by almost half, which is convenient for embedding a riser pipe made from a gas cylinder or tin buckets with a diameter of 300-400 mm. In a word, the oven can be made from improvised materials.

Shirokov-Khramtsov oven

Domestic modernization of the rocket furnace. The main material is heat-resistant concrete, which creates excellent thermodynamics in the structure. Due to the stable operation of the furnace and the low thermal conductivity of the material, part of the heat comes out in the form of infrared radiation, which is impossible with other types of furnaces. If you use heat-resistant glass, then the stove can be adapted for a fireplace. The disadvantage of installing such a furnace is the high cost of the material, the preparation of which will require a concrete mixer.

stove-stove

For cooking and preparations at home and outdoors, an improved oven design with a wide hob for installing several containers is installed. A vertical riser pipe with a firebox welded to it is located directly under the hob, providing high-temperature heating. Accumulating under the cover of the panel, the gases exit through a horizontal pipe, heating the entire area of ​​the panel evenly, and rush to the exit through the vertical chimney channel.

How to DIY

Let's take a closer look at the manufacture of a do-it-yourself rocket stove with a stove bench. Its design is more cumbersome, more difficult to install than the types of furnaces listed above, but thanks to step-by-step instructions and diagrams, it will not be difficult to build it yourself. The main thing is to follow all installation recommendations.

Step by step instructions on how to make a rocket stove:

• First, make a 10 cm deepening for installing the fuel compartment, laying it out with fireclay bricks. Then you need to install the formwork along the construction line. For a stronger foundation, you can use building reinforcement or mesh, laying it on a brick base.
• Using a level, lay out the base for the combustion chamber.
• Then you need to fill the structure with concrete, and allow to dry for a day. After the mortar has set, you can continue to build the furnace.

• Lay out the base of the furnace, laying the bricks in a continuous order.
• Form the side walls by laying several rows of masonry.
• Complete the arrangement of the lower channel of the rocket, taking into account the order.
• Then you need to lay a row of transverse bricks so that the riser pipe and the combustion chamber remain open, and the combustion chamber is hidden.

• You need to take the body of the old boiler and cut it off on both sides so that you end up with a pipe that is wide in diameter.
• A flange is installed in the lower part of the body from under the fuel and lubricants, into which the pipe of the horizontal heat exchanger will be installed. To maintain the tightness and safety of the product, it is necessary to provide for the use of continuous welds in the work.

• After that, the outlet pipe crashes into the barrel. The barrel is cleaned of rust, covered with a primer and several layers of heat-resistant paint.
• To the chimney, located horizontally, you need to weld a side outlet to form an ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, during the operation of the furnace, the channel must be equipped with a sealed flange.
• Next, a fire tube is laid out of refractory bricks, observing the dimensions of 18 × 18 cm square. When laying out the internal channel, it is important to observe strict verticality for the stable operation of the furnace. To do this, you can use a body kit or level.

• It is necessary to put a casing on the flame tube, and place perlite balls in the resulting space. The lower part of the riser must be hermetically covered with a clay mixture to prevent spillage of the heat insulator.
• Then the fuel cap is made - using the previously cut off part from the boiler. For convenience, a handle can be welded to the lid.
• Mix the clay mortar with sawdust (do not allow the product to crack), up to 50% of the total volume. The result is the so-called "adobe grease", which must be coated appearance the resulting design to mask unsightly details and increase thermal insulation.

• Next, the appearance of the furnace is formed. The furnace circuit is laid out. To do this, you can use different materials: stone, brick, sandbags. Inner part filled with crushed stone, and the top is smeared with adobe mixture.
• A 200-liter barrel, which serves as an external furnace body, is installed on a previously prepared base. Be sure to install the barrel so that the lower pipe is on the side of the couch. Further, the lower part is covered with clay for sealing.
• Then, from the corrugated pipe, you need to form a channel for supplying air from the street, bring it to the fuel compartment. Without installing such a channel, a do-it-yourself rocket stove will consume warm air from the room during operation.

• After the construction of the main part of the furnace structure, a training kindling is carried out to check the free removal of gases through a horizontal chimney.
• The heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower branch pipe, mounted on a red brick base.
• Next, you need to install the chimney pipe with your own hands, hermetically sealing all connections with an asbestos cord or refractory coating.
• At the end, the couch must be shaped in the same way as before - when forming the main body. If you leave the barrel open, without masking with adobe, then the heat during combustion will instantly enter the room. If the barrel is covered with adobe completely, leaving the lid intact, then the heat will accumulate in the body, which will create excellent conditions for cooking on hob.

Instead of a barrel, you can use a gas cylinder (rocket stove from a gas cylinder), and instead of a boiler, you can use pipes fitted to the shape, tin buckets. When creating a rocket furnace with your own hands, it is very important to observe accuracy and proportionality in size using drawings. This will guarantee a long and efficient operation of the do-it-yourself long-burning furnace.

The benefits of using homemade rocket stoves in everyday life are significant. The construction of the furnace does not require large economic costs(for materials, heating) and temporary (it takes a maximum of 3-4 days to manufacture the furnace).

High performance and heat transfer with unpretentious fuel loading is ideal. You can decorate the oven in any way you like, thereby adding a new interior element to the house.

A do-it-yourself rocket stove, drawings of which most home craftsmen would probably like to have in their archive, can be made, in principle, even within one day, since its design is quite simple. If you have skills in working with tools, reading drawings, stocked necessary materials, then making a simple stove of this type will not be difficult. It should be noted that it can be made from a variety of materials that are at hand, but much will depend on where the oven is planned to be installed. The rocket stove has a slightly different principle of operation from other heating devices, and can be either stationary or portable.

Stationary rocket stoves are installed inside the house along the walls or on the area reserved for cooking in the courtyard of the house. If the stove is installed indoors, then it is able to heat a room up to 50 square meters. m.

Portable versions of the rocket stove are usually very small and can easily fit in the trunk of a car. Therefore, when traveling, for example, to a picnic or to a dacha, such a stove will help to boil water and cook dinner. Moreover, the fuel consumption in the rocket stove is quite small, even dry branches, splinter or grass tufts can be used as it.

The principle of operation of the rocket-type stove

Despite the simplicity of the rocket furnace, its design uses two principles of operation that the developers borrowed from other types of furnaces operating on. So, for its effective work, the following principles are taken:

• The principle of free circulation of gases released from the fuel through the created furnace channels, without the forced creation of a chimney draft.
• The principle of post-combustion of pyrolysis gases released during the combustion of fuel in the mode of insufficient oxygen supply.

In the simplest designs of rocket ovens, which are used only for cooking, only the first principle of operation can operate, since it is rather difficult to create the necessary conditions for the course of pyrolysis and the organization of afterburning of gases.

To understand the constructions and understand how they work, you need to consider some of them in turn.

The simplest design of a rocket stove

To begin with, it is worth considering the simplest device of a direct combustion rocket furnace. As a rule, such devices are used only for heating water or for cooking, and only in the open air. As can be seen from the figure below, these are two pipe sections connected by a right angle bend.

The furnace for such a design of the furnace is the horizontal part of the pipe, and fuel is laid into it. Often, the firebox has a vertical load - in this case, three elements are used to make the simplest stove - these are two pipes of different heights, installed vertically and connected from below by a common horizontal channel. The lower pipe will serve as the firebox. For the manufacture of a stationary version of the simplest design according to the scheme, it is often used, installed on a heat-resistant solution.

To achieve higher efficiency, the furnace was improved, and additional elements appeared, for example, the pipe began to be installed in a housing, which enhances the heating of the structure.

1 - outer metal body of the furnace.

2 - pipe - combustion chamber.

3 - a channel formed by a jumper under the fuel chamber and designed for free passage of air into the combustion area.

4 - the space between the pipe (riser) and the body, densely filled with a heat-insulating composition, for example, ash.

The heating of the furnace is as follows. A light combustible material, such as paper, is first placed in the firebox, and when it flares up, wood chips or other main fuel are thrown into the fire. As a result of the process of intense combustion, hot gases are formed that rise along the vertical channel of the pipe and go outside. On the open section of the pipe and install a container for boiling water or cooking.

An important condition for the intensity of fuel combustion is the creation of a gap between the pipe and the installed container. If its hole is completely blocked, then the combustion inside the structure will stop, since there will be no draft, which provides air supply to the combustion area and raises the heated gases up. To avoid problems with this, a removable or stationary stand for the container is installed on the upper edge of the pipe.

This diagram shows a simple design, on the loading opening of which a door is installed. And to create thrust, a special channel is provided, which forms the lower wall of the combustion chamber and a plate welded at a distance of 7 ÷ 10 mm from it. Even when the firebox door is completely closed, the air supply will not stop. In this scheme, the second principle is already starting to work - without active oxygen access to the burning ones, the pyrolysis process can begin, and the continuous supply of “secondary” air will contribute to the afterburning of the released gases. But for a fully-fledged process, one more important condition is still missing - high-quality thermal insulation of the secondary afterburner chamber, since certain temperature conditions are necessary for the process of gas combustion.

1 - air channel in the combustion chamber, through which blowing is carried out with the furnace door closed;

2- zone of the most active heat exchange;

3 - ascending flow of hot gases.

Video: a variant of the simplest rocket furnace from an old cylinder

Improved Rocket Furnace Design

The design, intended both for cooking and for heating the room, is equipped not only with a furnace door and a second body, which serves as a good external heat exchanger, but also with an upper hob. Such a rocket stove can already be installed inside the premises of the house, and the chimney from it is brought out into the street. After carrying out such a modernization of the furnace, its efficiency increases significantly, since the device acquires many useful properties:

• Due to the second outer casing and insulating heat-resistant materials that thermally insulate the main furnace pipe (riser), hermetic closure of the upper part of the structure, the heated air retains a high temperature for much longer.

• In the lower part of the body, a channel for supplying secondary air began to be mounted, successfully carrying out the necessary blowing, for which an open firebox was used in the simplest design.
• The smoke pipe in a closed design is not located at the top, as in a simple rocket furnace, but at the lower rear of the case. Due to this, the heated air does not go directly into the chimney, but gets the opportunity to circulate through the internal channels of the device, heating, first of all, hob, and further diverging inside the case, providing its heating. In turn, the outer casing gives off heat to the surrounding air.

This scheme clearly shows the whole process of the furnace operation: in the fuel bunker (pos. 1) there is a preliminary combustion of fuel (pos. 2) in the mode of insufficient air supply "A" - this is regulated by a damper (pos. 3). The resulting hot pyrolysis gases enter the end of the horizontal fire channel (pos. 5), where they are afterburned. This process takes place due to good thermal insulation and the implementation of a continuous supply of "secondary" air "B" through a specially provided channel (pos.4).

Further, hot air rushes into inner tube construction, called the riser (pos. 7), rises along it under the "ceiling" of the body, which is a hob (pos. 10), providing its high-temperature heating. Then the gas flow passes through the space between the riser and the outer shell-drum (pos. 6), providing heating of the shell for further heat exchange with the air in the room. Then the gases go down and only after that they go into the chimney (pos. 11).

In order to achieve maximum heat transfer from the fuel and provide the necessary conditions for the complete combustion of pyrolysis gases, it is important to maintain the highest and most stable temperature in the riser channel (pos. 7) To do this, the riser pipe is enclosed in another pipe of a larger diameter - a shell (pos. 8 ), and the space between them is tightly clogged with a heat-resistant mineral composition (pos. 9), which will serve as thermal insulation (a kind of lining). For these purposes, for example, a mixture of kiln masonry clay with fireclay sand (in a ratio of 1: 1) can be used. Some craftsmen prefer to simply fill this space very tightly with sifted sand.

The design of this version of the rocket furnace consists of the following components and elements:

• A lid-closed furnace with vertical fuel loading with a secondary air intake chamber located in its lower part.
• The furnace passes into a horizontally located fire channel, at the end of which pyrolysis gas is burned.
• The hot gas flow rises along the vertical channel (riser) to the hermetically sealed "ceiling" of the housing, where it gives off part of the thermal energy to the horizontal stove - the hob. Then, under the pressure of the hotter gases following it, it diverges into the heat exchange channels, giving off heat to the surfaces of the drum, and goes down.
• In the lower part of the furnace there is an entrance to the horizontal pipe channels that run under the entire surface of the bed. Moreover, one, two or more turns can be laid in this space. corrugated pipe, in the form of a coil, through which hot air circulates, heating the stove bench. This heat exchange pipeline is connected at the end to a chimney pipe led out through the wall of the house.

• It should be noted that in the case of making a bed made of brick, the channels can also be laid out of this material, without the use of metal corrugated tubes.
• The heated stove and stove bench, giving off heat to the room, in themselves will serve as a kind of “battery”, capable of heating an area of ​​up to 50 m².

The metal drum of the furnace can be made of a barrel, a gas cylinder or other durable containers, and also made of bricks. Usually the material is chosen by the craftsmen themselves as far as financial possibilities and convenience of work.

A rocket stove with a brick bed looks neater and is somewhat easier to install than a clay version, but the material costs will be about the same.

Video: another original solution to increase the heating efficiency of a rocket furnace

Add upbrickrocket ovenwith a bed

What is needed for work?

The brick heating structure proposed for execution is designed on the principle of a rocket stove. Construction size at standard parameters brick (250 × 120 × 65 mm) will be 2540 × 1030 × 1620 mm.

Our task is to lay down such an original rocket stove with a warm stove bench out of bricks.

It should be noted that the structure is, as it were, divided into three parts:

• The furnace itself - its size is 505 × 1620 × 580 mm;
• Furnace compartment - 390 × 250 × 400 mm;
• Bed 1905×755×620 mm + 120 mm headrest.

For laying the furnace, the following materials will be required:

• Red brick - 435 pcs.;
• Blower door 140 × 140 mm - 1 pc.;
• Cleaning door 140×140 mm - 1 pc.;
• The furnace door is desirable (250 × 120 mm - 1 pc.), Otherwise there is a risk of smoke in the room.
• Cooking stove 505 × 580 mm - 1 pc.;
• Rear metal panel-shelf 370 × 365 mm - 1 pc.;
• Asbestos sheet 2.5 ÷ 3 mm thick to create a gasket between metal elements and brick.
• Chimney pipe, 150 mm in diameter, with a 90˚ outlet.
• Clay and sand for mortar or ready-made heat-resistant mixture. It should be noted here that for 100 bricks laid flat, with a joint width of 5 mm, 20 liters of mortar will be required.

The design of this top-loading rocket furnace is quite simple, trouble-free and efficient in operation, but only if its laying is of high quality, in full accordance with the order.

In the absence of experience in the work of a bricklayer and stove-setter, but a great desire to independently install such a heating device, it is worth making sure, and for starters, lay down the structure “dry”, without mortar. This process will help you figure out the location of the brick in each of the rows.

In addition, in order for the seams to be of the same width, it is recommended to prepare sizing wooden or plastic slats for masonry, which will be laid on the previous row before laying the next one. After setting the solution, it will be easy to remove them.

Under the laying of such a furnace, it is necessary to have a flat and solid base. Despite the fact that the design is quite compact, and its weight is not as large as, for example, that of a Russian stove, a floor made of thin boards is not suitable for its installation. In the event that the floor, although wooden, is very durable, before starting laying under the future furnace, it is necessary to lay and fix heat-resistant material, for example, asbestos 5 mm thick.

Ordering a brick rocket stove with a stove bench:

Illustration	Brief description of the operation to be performed
	The first row is laid out solid, and the brick must lie in strict accordance with the pattern shown in the diagram - this will give strength to the entire base. For masonry, 62 red bricks are required. The diagram clearly shows the connection of all three sections of the furnace. The corners on the side bricks of the facade of the firebox are cut off or rounded - so the design will look neat.
	Second row. At this stage of the work, internal chimney channels are laid, through which the gases heated in the furnace will pass, giving off heat to the stove bench bricks. The channels are connected to the combustion chamber, which also begins to form in this row. The first brick of the wall separating the two channels under the stove bench is cut obliquely - this “nook” will collect unburned combustion products, and the cleaning door installed opposite the bevel will allow it to be easily cleaned. For laying a row, 44 bricks are required.
	On the second row, the doors of the blower and cleaning chambers are mounted, which are necessary for periodically putting the ash chamber and internal horizontal channels in order. The doors are fixed with wire, which is twisted on the ears of the cast-iron elements, and then laid in the seams of the masonry.
	Third row. It almost completely repeats the configuration of the second row, but, of course, taking into account the laying in the dressing, and therefore it will also require 44 bricks.
	Fourth row. At this stage, the channels passing inside the couch are blocked with a continuous layer of bricks. A furnace opening is left, and a channel is formed that will heat the hob and discharge combustion products into the chimney. In addition, a rotary horizontal channel is blocked from above, which discharges heated air under the stove bench. For laying a row, you need to prepare 59 bricks.
	Fifth row. The next step is to cover the couch with a second cross layer of bricks. The chimney ducts and the furnace also continue to be removed. For a row, 60 bricks are being prepared.
	Sixth row. The first row of the headrest of the couch is laid out, and the part of the stove begins to rise, on which the hob will be installed. It still has chimneys. For a row you need 17 bricks.
	Seventh row. The laying of the headrest is being completed, for which bricks cut obliquely are used. The second row of the base under the hob rises. For masonry, 18 bricks are required.
	Eighth row. The construction of the furnace with three channels is being laid. It will take 14 bricks.
	The ninth and tenth rows are similar to the previous, eighth, laid out in the same way, alternately, in dressing. 14 bricks are used for each row.
	11th row. Continuation of masonry according to the scheme. This row will take 13 bricks.
	12th row. At this stage, a hole is formed for installing the chimney pipe. The hole brought under the stove is provided with a brick cut obliquely for a smoother flow of heated air into the adjacent channel leading to the lower horizontal channels located in the bench. 11 bricks were used per row.
	13th row. A base is formed for the slab, and the central and side channels are combined. It is through it that hot air will flow under the stove, and then flow into a vertical channel leading under the stove bench. 10 bricks are laid.
	13th row. On the same row, the basis for laying the hob is being prepared. To do this, along the perimeter of the space in which two vertical channels were combined, heat-resistant material - asbestos - is laid.
	13th row. Then, a solid metal plate is laid on the asbestos gasket. In this case, it is not recommended to install a hob with opening burners, since when they are opened, smoke can enter the room.
	14th row. The arranged hole for the chimney pipe is blocked and the wall separating the hob from the stove bench area is raised. Only 5 bricks are used for a row.
	15th row. This row that raises the wall will also require 5 bricks.
	15th row. On the same row, in continuation of the back wall, next to the hob, a metal shelf is fixed, which can be used as a cutting board. It is attached to brackets.
	15th row. The picture-scheme is well modeled how the hob can be used. In this case, the pan is placed exactly on that part of the stove that will warm up first of all, since a hot air stream will pass under it.
	After completion of all the work described in the order, a chimney pipe is built into the hole, from the back of the furnace, which leads out into the street.
	From the back, the design also looks quite neat, so it can be installed both near the wall and in the middle of the room. Such a stove is perfect for heating in a country house. If the stove and chimney are decorated finishing materials, then the building can become an original addition, and very functional, for any private house. As you can see, the corner formed under the cutting shelf is very convenient for drying and storing firewood.
	To fully consider the design, you need to see its projection from the end side.
	And the last figure shows well what should happen as a result of the work done, if you look at the stove from the side of the bench.

In conclusion, I would like to emphasize that the design of a rocket stove can be called one of the simplest and most affordable for self-manufacturing, compared with other heating devices. Therefore, if such a goal is set - to acquire a stove in the house, but experience in such work is clearly not enough, then it is best to choose this particular option, since when building it, it is difficult to make a mistake in the configuration of its internal channels.

This device, despite our brave space achievements, is still not widely known in our country. And for sure, only a few are interested in how to make a rocket furnace with their own hands, because they do not understand the principle of its operation.

This is a relatively new word in the domestic heating environment, which came from Germany. The key to unprecedented popularity in the homeland is a simple cheap design, coupled with high efficiency and with the slightest absence of signs of soot. Considering that it is not difficult to make equipment on your own, we will tell you how to do it, we will give drawings, recommendations from specialists, videos and photos.

Principle of operation

Oddly enough, but the very name "rocket furnace" has nothing to do with space or rockets themselves. The only analogy that can remotely remind of this is a jet of flame rising up in mobile installations.

The design feature of the furnace is the presence of a bell, where flue gases enter and where the final combustion of the sludge takes place. Under the hood, the temperature already during the first 2 hours rises to 1000 0 C, as a result of which everything burns without sediment, and the exhaust is formed only in the form of steam and carbon. In this case, gases circulate freely through the channels without forced draft, which is usually created by a chimney.

This design allows you to use the stove not only for heating the room, but also for heating food or water (on the hood). If the chimney is run through a certain part of the room, up to the sunbed, it will also heat up.

Among the main advantages of rocket furnaces are the following:

• high ratio useful action - 85%;
• very fast heating of the room - 50 sq.m. in 45-60 minutes;
• the absence of soot and, as a result, soot deposits - at temperatures above 1000 degrees, everything burns out without residue;
• the ability to use any solid fuel;
• minimum consumption - at the same temperature and duration of burning, a rocket furnace consumes 4-5 times less fuel than a conventional furnace.

The simplest rocket works according to the direct combustion formula - these are mobile structures that are easily assembled in field conditions literally from improvised materials and are also easily dismantled.

The simplest design from a barrel or gas cylinder

If we are talking only about the first stages of self-manufacturing of a rocket furnace (see video), then it is still worth starting the acquaintance with the simplest design. The camp stove is presented in the form of a bent pipe section, where the fuel chamber and the ash pan are combined.

For fuel, a steel plate is welded to the bottom, at the bottom of which a hole is cut for air suction.

It is possible to use any straight cylindrical container for manufacturing - the drawing of the rocket furnace shows how the direct combustion process takes place.

Video 1 Simple design portable cooking rocket oven

Brick rocket stove in 20 minutes

If you have 20-30 bricks on hand, you can make a simple rocket stove with your own hands in just a few minutes. Moreover, no adhesives are required for masonry.

Lay out of brick, as shown in the photo, a vertical combustion chamber. At the same time, the dishes are placed on the hood in such a way as not to impede the movement of the emitted gases

Do-it-yourself rocket-type brick oven:

For this design to work well, a warm pipe is needed. This term among stove-makers refers to the preliminary run of chips and paper so that the pipe warms up. There will be gas stagnation in a cold pipe, making heating difficult. And if the pipe is warm, then when the firewood is ignited, a powerful draft appears in the channel.

For reference. In the above simple designs from a gas cylinder or pipe, there is a significant drawback - the vertical loading of firewood. Each time you have to move firewood into the chamber when they burn out and only after that put it on. Stationary rocket furnaces on coal or long-term burning already provide for a vertical bookmark, which greatly simplifies operation.

Long burning rocket stove

Photo 6 The design of a stationary furnace-rocket

Do-it-yourself rocket jet furnace scheme

In order to make such a unit with your own hands, you need to decide on the dimensions and structural elements.

How a rocket works:

As can be seen from the drawing, the diameter of the cap (D), which covers the top of the pipe, and its cross section (S) are taken as the basis.

Based on these indicators, the dimensions of the rocket furnace are calculated:

• the height of the drum is 2 of its diameter;
• the height of the clay coating is 2/3 of the height;
• coating thickness - 1/3 of the diameter;
• sectional area of ​​the pipe - 7% of its transverse section;
• blower area - 1/2 pipe section;
• the flame tube horizontally and vertically must be the same;
• ash pan volume - 4-6% of the drum height;
• the cross-sectional area of ​​the external chimney is a double cross-section of the pipe.
• thickness of the insulating layer (adobe cushion) under the outer chimney 60 mm;
• the thickness of the coating of the stove bench is 1/4 of the diameter of the drum;
• outer pipe height - 4000 mm;
• the length of the flue directly depends on the diameter of the drum. If for its manufacture they took metal container with a diameter of 50-60 cm and a volume of 200 liters, the length of the flue pipe will be at least 6 meters. If the diameter is half as much, then the bed should be made up to 4 meters.

If you are making a stationary rocket furnace with your own hands, be sure to pay attention to the lining of the top of the pipe. This is necessary to isolate the brazier from the walls of the furnace in order to prevent overheating of the walls. Fireclay bricks can be used for lining.

Photo examples of the original performance

It is noteworthy that not only the walls, but also the lining itself need protection. In order to protect it from combustible gases, you can create a metal sheathing and fill it with river sand. For this purpose, you can use any metal object at hand - a barrel, a bucket, galvanization.

The sand is poured into the bucket layer by layer, with each layer watered abundantly for proper compaction. When the protection is filled with sand to the top, leave for 7-10 days to dry.

The lining of the brazier is done much faster - fireclay bricks are laid on the clay mortar, and the space between the latter and the wall will also have to be covered in layers with sand - with water and drying time.

Pipe lining scheme

All further work on the installation of a jet-type rocket furnace continues only after not only the lining has dried, but also the clay protection, which is applied over the upper cut.

Before making a stationary structure, practice on a traveling sample. After the first experience, it will become clear even if you have not read books for rocket furnaces.

Disadvantages of the heater

1. Often this device is used to heat food or water - indeed, a huge amount of heat, a red-hot cap, why not use this idea? However, connecting a water circuit in order to heat the whole house, and not a room, is impossible. The design is so simple that any intervention, including the coil, will disrupt the course of work.
2. Surprisingly, such a lightweight mobile heating device is completely unsuitable for either a bathhouse or a garage. Even with its high efficiency, the camping unit will not heat up the air in the steam room to necessary minimum. And in a garage or warehouse, it is not recommended to use appliances with direct open flames.

In this article, we will give an example of a camping installation, for which no masonry or finishing materials are needed.

Necessary materials:

• 2 buckets;
• stainless steel pipe;
• river sand or crushed stone for lining.

Step 1. Cut a hole in the sidewall of one of the buckets along the diameter of the pipe at a height of 5 cm from the bottom. The height should be enough to fill the bucket with gravel or sand.

Step 2. Divide the pipe into 2 parts - a short loading section and a pancake knee-chimney.

Step 2. Insert the pipe into the hole in the bucket.

Step 4. Cut, by analogy with item 1, a hole in the bucket, but already directly in the bottom. The hole diameter corresponds to the pipe diameter. Insert the pipe.

Step 5. Pour sand or gravel into the bucket, which will act as a heat accumulator of the flame tube.

Step 6. Making legs or stands. For this, ordinary reinforcement is suitable, which is bent under pressure and the base is cut out.

Rocket stove from a gas cylinder

This is a sophisticated improved version, for the manufacture of which you will need an already used gas cylinder and a 4 mm rectangular pipe.

The scheme remains exactly the same with the only exception that combustible gases are discharged from the side through the hole, and not from above, as happens with marching samples.

If there is a need to cook food or heat it, the upper part of the cylinder with a tap is cut off, and a flat plate is welded on top.

Video 2 We make a do-it-yourself rocket stove

Content

Portable and stationary rocket stoves (reactive) have proven to be practical, energy efficient devices. The heating and cooking units got their name because of the characteristic roar, reminiscent of the sound of a jet engine - it is heard when excess air enters the furnace. Operating in the standard operating mode, the stove does not disturb the acoustic comfort in the room.

Homemade rocket stoves

Reactive Furnace Features

The first furnace of this type was designed for use in field conditions- a unit was needed for quick cooking and heating, moreover, designed for operation in conditions of fuel shortage. The developers managed to find a solution that made it possible to manufacture a compact solid fuel stove with high efficiency.

Further modifications of the unit led to the invention of a stationary stove with a heated bed. Unlike the usual Russian stove, rocket stoves are not bulky and easier to make on your own. The heat generator is able to work on one tab of fuel for about 6 hours, while the stationary structure, for the construction of which adobe plaster is used, gives off the accumulated heat for half a day after the firewood burns out.

The stationary design of the rocket stove with a stove bench retains heat for about 6 hours on one tab

Design advantages

The jet furnace is in growing demand as it is a non-volatile heat source that:

• easy to install - a primitive version of the rocket stove is assembled from improvised materials in half an hour;
• works effectively even on fuels with low calorific value - damp firewood, thin branches, chips, bark, etc.;
• provides heating and allows cooking;
• completely burns fuel with afterburning of wood gas, which minimizes the risk of carbon monoxide penetration into the room.

The design of the stove makes it possible to use it in the house without fear of damaging the well-thought-out interior - the body of the stationary unit can be almost completely hidden in an attractive "shell", which will serve as a heat accumulator.

To understand how a good efficiency is achieved when operating on low-quality fuel, it is necessary to understand the principles of operation of a jet stove.

During thermal decomposition, solid fossil fuel releases gaseous substances, which also decompose and eventually turn into wood gas (a mixture of combustible and inert gases), which burns with high heat output.

In an ordinary solid fuel stove, the heat efficiency of wood gas is practically not used, since the gaseous intermediate phase goes with smoke into the pipe, where it cools down and settles on the walls in the form of carbon deposits, which are heavy hydrocarbon compounds. The higher the moisture content of solid fuel, the less wood gas is formed and the more soot on the walls of the chimney. Accordingly, the worse the stove heats up.

A rocket-type furnace differs from conventional solid fuel units in that its design makes it possible to provide conditions under which a significant part of the intermediate gases does not escape, but turns into wood and is burned. This is achieved through a horizontal thermally insulated channel, where gases move more slowly than in a vertical pipe, and a thermal insulator prevents cooling and turning into carbon deposits. As a result, even from crude fuel, much more thermal energy is extracted compared to combustion in a conventional furnace.

In complex models of jet heating units, the principle of operation of a long-burning furnace, which provides for the afterburning of pyrolysis gases, is combined with the design features of classic brick furnaces, in which heated air and gas circulate through internal channels. At the same time, such a rocket does not need to organize additional blowing - the chimney creates thrust in it, and the higher it is, the more intense the upward flow.

Despite the fact that rocket stoves are able to squeeze the maximum thermal energy out of low-quality fuel, they show optimal efficiency when using dry firewood.

Difficulties and disadvantages

The disadvantages include:

• manual control of the furnace - fuel has to be added regularly (the burn-out time of the bookmark depends on the heater configuration);
• some structural elements heat up to high temperatures and threaten to burn in case of accidental contact with the skin;
• it is not rational to use a rocket as a sauna stove, since it warms up the room for a long time.

The design of the jet stove looks extremely simple, but it took a lot of time to invent such a unit, since the key to efficient operation is an accurate calculation so that the fuel combustion mode is optimally correlated with traction force, etc.

Important! Rocket furnaces are a heat engineering system that requires fine balancing. Non-compliance with the dimensions of the structure or assembly errors, improper operation of the unit turn into the fact that the stove roars loudly during operation due to an unstable gas vortex in the chimney, requires more fuel with low heat transfer and quickly overgrows with soot.

The jet stove was invented in the USA, and the details of its construction are not disclosed - only corrected drawings are publicly available, based on which it is difficult to build a truly efficient heater.

Stove stove at home

Models for outdoor and camping use

For heating water and cooking, jet stoves of the simplest modification, made of a metal pipe or brick, are suitable. They are easily made with their own hands for household needs.

For the manufacture of a metal cooking outdoor stove, two pipes connected by a knee at a right angle are sufficient. Legs from reinforcing bars and a stand for dishes are welded to the structure (so that there is a gap between the bottom of the tank and the pipe cut for smoke to escape).

Outdoor rocket stove made of pipes

This design is improved by inserting another elbow with a pipe into the horizontal pipe, the height of which should be less than the chimney part - it will serve as a vertical firebox.

An even more functional modification is a camp stove made of a rectangular pipe with a firebox welded at an angle (it also serves as an ash pan). It is quite simple to make such a rocket oven with your own hands according to the drawings.

Robinson Camping Rocket Oven with Dish Racks

It takes 5 minutes, 20 whole bricks and two more halves to make the simplest brick street jet stove. Plus a metal dish rack.

Drawing of a Robinson oven with a stand for dishes

Such a stove must first be brought to operating mode - to warm up the pipe, burning paper and wood chips, since gas stagnates in a cold pipe, preventing the fuel from flaring up well. When the pipe warms up, a powerful draft will appear when the firewood is ignited.

jet stove from bricks

Attention! A jet stove with a horizontal firebox has a significant drawback - it is necessary to constantly push the burning firewood. An inclined or vertical hopper, along the walls of which the firewood slides down under its own weight, makes the unit more convenient to use.

Heating and cooking ovens for rooms

For heating a greenhouse, garage or workshop, you can also use jet units, which are easily and quickly assembled by hand.

An analogue of a primitive furnace made of a metal pipe is built of bricks on an earthen floor or a specially prepared foundation. A brick rocket stove is assembled from solid ceramic or fireclay bricks using a heat-resistant mortar.

Stationary brick oven on an earthen floor

A more efficient version of the heating rocket stove is made using metal barrel, which serves as a casing and allows you to insulate the riser (an inner pipe that acts as a combustion chamber and chimney). As a heater, ash, sifted sand, a mixture of sand with fireclay clay are used. Thermal insulation helps to create conditions for the efficient production of wood gas, and the more it is released from the fuel, the higher the heat output of the wood stove. In addition, this thermal insulation material (it needs to be well compacted when laying) plays the role of a heat accumulator, capable of heating the air in the room for several hours after the firewood has burned out.

Furnace Rocket of 21 bricks

Advanced heaters

A jet stove with a free gas outlet is not suitable for use as a heating one, so it is supplemented with smoke exhaust channels and a heat exchanger. Rocket Furnace Blueprints various designs help you see the difference.

The principle of operation of the improved unit is as follows:

• in order to maintain a high temperature in the vertical channel, which contributes to the production of wood gas, it is thermally insulated with a fire-resistant material, while a casing (from a barrel or a larger diameter pipe) with a hermetically closed top is installed on top;
• the combustion chamber is equipped with a door, in the lower part a special channel is provided for supplying secondary air - this blower is required for afterburning wood gas (in simple models, air enters only through the furnace without a door);
• due to the installation of a chimney in the lower part of the casing, the heated air does not go directly into the atmosphere, but circulates through the channels inside the furnace body, actively releasing heat;
• flue gases with the highest temperature enter the upper part of the body, directly under the flat cover, which makes it possible to use it as a hob, and the already cooled stream rushes into the chimney;
• The efficiency of the stove is increased by sucking in secondary air for burning pyrolysis gases, and the intensity of its supply is regulated by the system itself, since it depends on how quickly the flue gases cool in the upper part of the body.

Advanced reactive heating units include a long-burning rocket stove, which can be made from a gas cylinder, as well as a water-jacketed stove.

Jet heating unit from a propane cylinder

A gas cylinder rocket stove is an easy-to-make wood-burning stove that consumes fuel economically and heats the room efficiently.

It is used to assemble:

• empty propane tank (unit body);
• steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm (for arranging a chimney and a vertical channel);
• profile steel pipe 150x150 mm (firebox and hopper are made);
• sheet steel 3 mm thick.

Making a furnace from a gas cylinder requires the use of a welding machine. If you plan to assemble such a rocket oven with your own hands, the drawings will help you accurately observe the optimal dimensions of all structural elements.

Scheme of the processes in the rocket furnace

At the preliminary stage of work, a gas cylinder should be prepared - turn off the valve, fill the container to the top with water to ensure that gas vapors that can explode from a spark are removed from the container. Then the upper part is cut along the seam. In the lower part of the resulting cylinder, a hole is cut under the chimney, and in the bottom - under the combustion chamber with an attached firebox. The vertical channel is brought out through a hole in the bottom, a structure from a profile pipe is welded from the bottom side, according to the rocket drawing.

Attention! The sheet metal cover should be made removable and a non-combustible seal (asbestos cord) should be provided for reliable sealing. The flat lid is used as a cooking surface.

If you are installing a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder on your own, you should carefully consider the quality of the welds and check their tightness - air should not flow uncontrollably into the operating furnace. If everything is in order, you can install a chimney.

Important! The top of the chimney must be raised to a height of 4 meters relative to the level of the firebox in order to provide the necessary draft intensity.

Such a furnace for the home is regulated in terms of power by the volume of fuel loading. The jet stove is put into operation by supplying air through the combustion chamber, this is regulated by the bunker cover. Further, secondary air is constantly supplied to the unit. This stove for heating explodes at the end of the combustion process, since it is impossible to shut off the supply of secondary air, and soot settles on the inner walls of the vertical channel. The cover of the casing is made removable so that it can be periodically removed.

Boiler unit

A long-burning boiler can be obtained by installing a water circuit on the chimney of a stove made from a gas cylinder or other materials, but according to the same scheme indicated above. However, water heating in the circuit of such a unit will be inefficient, since the main part of the thermal energy is transferred to the room air and to the containers on the hob.

An effective version of a rocket furnace from a metal barrel

If you want to create a rocket boiler for water heating with high efficiency, you will have to sacrifice the cooking function. Do-it-yourself rocket stove according to the drawing below can be mounted in a short time.

This will require:

• fireclay bricks and refractory masonry composition (for mounting the base of the stove with a firebox);
• steel pipe with a diameter of 70 mm (for a vertical channel);
• steel barrel (for casing);
• refractory heat insulator;
• sheet steel 3 mm thick and a metal barrel (or pipe) of a smaller diameter than the casing (for arranging a water jacket and smoke channels for heating the water circuit);
• steel pipe with a diameter of 100 mm for the chimney;
• container, pipes and connecting pipes for arranging a heat accumulator.

A rocket furnace with a water circuit is characterized by the fact that the thermal insulation of the vertical channel provides an optimal mode for burning pyrolysis gases, while all the heated air enters the "coil" with a water jacket and gives off the main part of the thermal energy there, heating the coolant.

Rocket stove with water circuit

The heat accumulator will continue to supply the heated coolant to the heating circuit even after the furnace itself has cooled down. The water tank is provided with a thick layer of insulation.

Heating unit with bed

A rocket stove with a bench is a device that can create a comfortable environment in one room. Such a unit cannot be used to heat several rooms, not to mention the whole house.

The arrangement of such a long-burning unit with your own hands requires accurate calculations - its power and the maximum allowable length of the hog on which the stove bench is arranged depend on the size of the stove body. It is also important to choose the right cross-section of pipes for mounting the structure. Errors will result in the fact that the jet furnace will quickly become tightly overgrown with soot or will roar loudly during operation due to the turbulence of gas flows.

The design of the oven with a stove bench

Dimensions and proportions of the structure

To build a do-it-yourself rocket stove, detailed drawings must be prepared, indicating the dimensions of all elements. At the stage of project preparation, calculations are made based on the base values ​​to which all the others are tied.

The basic calculated values ​​are:

• D is the diameter of the drum (furnace body);
• S is the area of ​​the inner cross section of the drum.

Calculations of the design parameters are carried out taking into account that:

1. The drum height (H) is between 1.5 and 2 D.
2. The drum is coated with 2/3 N (if it is planned to cut it curly, then 2/3 of the height should be the average).
3. The thickness of the coating layer on the drum is 1/3 D.
4. The area of ​​the internal cross-section of the vertical channel (riser) is 4.5-6.5% of S, the optimal value is in the range of 5-6%.
5. The height of the vertical channel is as high as the furnace design allows, but the gap between the upper edge of the riser and the drum cover must be at least 70 mm for normal flue gas circulation.
6. The length of the flame pipe (fire pipe) must be equal to the height of the vertical channel.
7. The cross-sectional area of ​​the igniter is equal to the corresponding indicator of the riser. Moreover, it is recommended to use a profiled square-section pipe for the fire pipeline, in this case the furnace works more stable.
8. The cross-sectional area of ​​the blower is ½ of the cross-sectional area of ​​the furnace and riser. For stability and smooth adjustment of the furnace mode, a rectangular profile pipe with an aspect ratio of 2: 1 is used, which is laid flat.
9. The volume of the secondary ash pan depends on the volume of the drum minus the volume of the riser. For a barrel stove - 5%, for a gas cylinder stove - 10%. For intermediate volume tanks, it is calculated according to linear interpolation.
10. The cross-sectional area of ​​the external chimney is 1.5-2 S.
11. The adobe cushion under the external chimney should be 50-70 mm thick - if the channel is made of a round pipe, the count is from the bottom point. The thickness of the pillow under the chimney is halved if the bench is mounted on wooden floors.
12. The thickness of the coating layer of the bench above the chimney channel is 0.25 D if the drum from the barrel is 600 mm, and 0.5 D if the drum from the cylinder is 300 mm. If the coating layer is reduced, the structure will cool down faster after heating.
13. The height of the outer chimney must be at least 4 meters.
14. The length of the gas duct, on which the length of the bed depends: for a stove from a barrel - up to 6 m, for a stove from a cylinder - up to 4 m.

A long-burning rocket furnace made from a 600 mm diameter barrel reaches a power of about 25 kW, and a heating rocket made from a 300 mm cylinder reaches up to 15 kW. It is possible to regulate the power only due to the volume of fuel loading; such a stove does not have air regulation, since an additional flow violates the furnace mode and provokes the release of gases into the room. By changing the position of the blower door, it is not the power that is regulated, but the operating mode of the furnace.

Lining Features

The quality of the thermal insulation of the riser directly affects the efficiency of the heating unit. Light fireclay bricks SHL and river sand mixed with alumina are available for lining in our area. An external metal casing should be provided for the lining, otherwise the materials will quickly absorb carbon deposits and the furnace will roar during operation. The end face of the lining is tightly covered with furnace clay.

Proper lining

When using hewn fireclay bricks, the remaining cavities are filled with sand. If only sand is used for lining, it is sifted from large debris and covered in layers - each approximately 1/7 of the pipe height. Each layer is compacted tightly and sprinkled with water to form a crust. The backfill must be dried for a week, and then cover the end with a layer of oven clay. Then the construction of a rocket furnace with their own hands continues according to the drawings.

Heating unit options

Arrangement of a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder can also be performed in the case of creating a heater with a bench. The design is somewhat different from the one discussed above.

The changes concern:

• flame tube length;
• the presence of thermal insulation of the vertical channel;
• connecting a horizontal rather than a vertical external chimney.

Scheme of the rocket furnace

Note! The extended part of the external chimney is an ash pan, into which there must be access for cleaning - a metal door sealed with non-combustible material.

Due to the fact that the chimney channel can be made long and curved, it is easy to give the stove an original shape.

Option for making a stove bench with an original shape

The adobe coating, which acts as a heat accumulator, is made from a mixture of oily clay with sand and chopped straw.

Principles of starting the stove

Important! Continuous combustion reactive furnaces are launched exclusively “on a warm pipe”.

Before loading regular fuel, kindling is carried out with paper, shavings, straw and other dry light materials, which are placed in an open blower. When the vertical channel warms up enough, the hum of the stove subsides or changes tone. This is a signal that you can lay the main fuel, it will flare up from the booster.

The jet furnace will not adjust itself, so the hopper cover of a small furnace or the blower door of a stationary unit should be kept open until the standard fuel flares up and the furnace hums. The door is closed, reducing the sound to a "whisper". When the sound of the oven intensifies again, the door is closed again a little tighter. If the door is slammed, then lifting it up you can let the fuel ignite normally.

A mobile rocket stove is a convenient hiking option, undemanding to fuel and economical. Stationary units, depending on the design and size, are used for heating residential and auxiliary premises.

Drawings and videos of the rocket furnace required for DIY installation

Do-it-yourself jet furnace: diagram, drawings, step-by-step instructions for making a rocket furnace and more + video

The jet stove or rocket stove came about as a result of a departure from the tradition of building space heating equipment. It is considered an economical heat generator, the design of which is elementary. Therefore, many are thinking about building a jet furnace with their own hands.

Description, advantages and disadvantages of the rocket oven

A heat generator for heating indoor air is called a rocket stove or a jet stove, because during operation it makes special sounds in case of excessive air intake. This noise can be mistaken for the roar of a jet engine. In normal mode, the equipment operates with a barely audible rustling sound.

The rocket stove serves as a home heating and cooking device. It takes about 6 hours to burn one batch of firewood in such equipment, more than in a standard metal stove. The reason for this is the creation of a heat generator based on a furnace with upper combustion.

The flame from the jet furnace can escape

The advantages of the rocket oven include:

• independence from fuel energy;
• simplicity of design, consisting of affordable parts, connected in a matter of minutes;
• the ability to produce a lot of heat, despite the quality of the loaded fuel.

The jet furnace also has some disadvantages:

• manual control, which implies constant monitoring of equipment operation;
• danger of getting burned, because the walls of the equipment become extremely hot;
• inexpediency of use in the bath, because it will not be possible to warm it up.

Kinds

A unit that emits a rocket hum during operation happens:

• portable (unit of metal pipes, buckets or gas cylinder); Portable rocket furnaces are mass-produced by the industry
• stationary (created from fireclay bricks and metal containers); Such an assembly is more difficult to build than a metal furnace
• equipment for heating air with a stove bench. The stove bench is equipped behind the rear wall of the furnace

Portable structures are made in large batches, because they are used for hiking. The basis of these heat generators is a pipe made up of several segments.

True, such structures, unlike units based on fireclay bricks, are not reliable. The walls of refractory blocks increase the heat transfer of the jet furnace.

If desired, you can add a couch in the form of a sofa or bed, decorated with clay or sawdust.

Details and operation of a jet heat generator

An elementary rocket furnace is a device of two pipe fragments connected by a branch at an angle of 90 degrees.

The combustion chamber in this heat generator is usually a zone in the horizontal part of the structure.

But sometimes the fuel is placed in the vertical section of the apparatus, for which the rocket furnace is constructed from two pipes of different lengths, mounted vertically and connected by a common horizontal channel.

Primary and secondary air passes through the furnace

The functioning of the jet furnace is based on two actions: the unhindered passage of wood gases through the pipe and the afterburning of gases produced during the combustion of fuel.

Wood chips and firewood are placed in the furnace of this heat generator after a highly flammable material like paper has ignited there. A container with water or other contents is placed on the open section of the pipe.

At the same time, a small space is left between the structure and the installed tank, which is necessary to create traction.

The processes occurring inside a stationary jet furnace resemble the operation of pyrolysis heating units.

Calculation of parameters (tables)

The volume of the furnace should be determined with skill, because it is he who affects the power and amount of heat generated by heating equipment.

When calculating the dimensions of reactive heating equipment, an indicator of the internal diameter of the drum D is used, the value of which can vary within 300–600 mm. You also need to know the cross-sectional area of ​​the drum.

To determine this indicator of a rocket furnace, use the formula: S = 3.14 * D2 / 4.

The main dimensions of the jet furnace are presented in the table:

Particular importance is attached to the length of the flue with a stove bench. The maximum allowable indicators are shown in the table:

The volume of the secondary ash chamber is also an important indicator, depending on the volume of the drum and the primary chimney.

Building materials for the construction of a non-standard furnace

The production of jet heating equipment will require the presence of:

• barrels with a volume of 200 liters and a diameter of 0.6 meters, an empty liquefied gas cylinder or tin buckets to build a furnace drum;
• square or round steel pipes 2-3 mm thick, which are needed to create a blower, a combustion chamber and a primary chimney;
• fireclay crushed stone and furnace clay as heat-insulating materials;
• adobe, which serves as an outer coating layer;
• fireclay bricks;
• sand from the bottom of the river;
• pieces of sheets of zinc-coated steel or aluminum for the manufacture of covers and doors;
• asbestos or basalt cardboard, which performs the tasks of a sealant.

Of the tools for the construction of a rocket furnace, you will need welding machine. And if you plan to make heating equipment out of bricks, you will have to take:

• Master OK;
• mortar blade;
• pick hammer;
• stitching;
• an acute-angled sledgehammer;
• level;
• plumb;
• roulette.

Preparing for the assembly of heating equipment

When choosing a place for a rocket furnace, they are guided by some rules:

• reactive heating equipment is placed only in a room with an area of ​​at least 16 m²;
• without floorboards under the oven, equipment installation will be easier;
• above the structure that gives heat, it is forbidden to place wooden beams;
• if it is understood that the chimney will go through the ceilings, then the heating equipment is placed in the middle of the house;
• the heat generator cannot be installed near the outer contour of the house, otherwise the room will lose heated air;
• the jet device must not be placed near the walls and partitions of their wooden materials.

To make it convenient to put fuel in jet heating equipment, it is more reasonable to put it with the front side opposite the entrance. It is important to leave at least a meter of unoccupied space around the rocket stove.

In a small house, builders are advised to allocate a place in the corner for the stove. In this case, the firebox should be directed in one direction, and the stove bench (if it is made) in the other.

The stove stands on a special platform that protects the floor from high temperatures.

Having found a suitable site for a rocket furnace, they begin to prepare it for construction work. If boards are laid on the floor in the house, then in the place where the equipment will be installed, they will need to be removed. A hole is dug under the open floor, the bottom of which must be pressed.

Before construction work, a special mortar should be mixed. It consists of sand and clay combined in a ratio of 1:1. Water will be needed so much that the building materials acquire the consistency of sour cream, that is, ¼ of the amount of dry ingredients.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step instructions for making

If it is planned to make a rocket furnace from a gas cylinder, then you can not be afraid of difficulties. The steps to create equipment from such building materials are quite simple:

1. from a cylinder with a volume of 50 liters, the upper part is cut off in order to build a kind of cap;

   The balloon is cut at the top and bottom

2. focusing on the instructions in the drawing, all parts of the product are welded to each other, that is, a gas cylinder, a pipe with a diameter of 10 cm (future chimney), a pipe with a diameter of 7 cm (internal channel) and another pipe with a diameter of 15 cm (firebox);

   Dimensions are in mm

3. the space between the two pipes is filled with a material that retains heat, for example, sand, which has been carefully calcined, that is, cleaned of organic substances;
4. legs are welded to give stability to the structure.

To build a rocket stove with a stove bench, which involves the use of bricks, you need to act differently:

1. The area for arranging the firebox is deepened by removing 10 cm of soil. The combustion chamber is formed from fireclay bricks. A formwork is created along the contour of the manufactured structure. To make the base strong, it is recommended to lay a reinforcing mesh or metal bars in it;

   The platform will harden in about two days

2. The structure is poured with liquid concrete. Then they wait for the solution to harden, and finish the job. Bricks are laid in a continuous line, creating a platform for the furnace. After that, the walls of the structure are formed, exposing several rows of brick blocks;
3. They equip the lower channel of the structure, while one line of bricks is laid across to block the combustion chamber. The blocks are placed, leaving the vertical channel and the opening of the firebox open;

   Two sectors of the furnace at this stage of construction must be open

4. They find a body from an old boiler and cut off the top and bottom covers on it. At the bottom of the resulting pipe, a flange is installed through which a horizontal heat exchanger will pass. Parts need to be connected to each other with a continuous weld;

   Work requires diligence

5. An outlet pipe is inserted into the barrel, after which they take a brush for metal and scrape rust from the walls of the container. The cleaned barrel is treated with a primer, and a little later - with paint that is resistant to high temperatures;
6. The horizontal chimney is connected by welding to the side outlet - the future ash pan. To facilitate its cleaning, a sealed flange is mounted;
7. Spread the flame tube of refractory bricks. At the same time, a channel with a height and width of 18 cm is formed inside the structure. While doing this, they constantly use the building level, which allows you to control the verticality of the product;

   The height of the pipe is predetermined

8. The flame tube is covered with a protective casing, and the resulting gaps are clogged with perlite. The lower area of ​​the vertical channel is sealed with wet clay, the function of which is to prevent the heat-insulating material from spilling onto the floor;
9. From the boiler, on which the top and bottom were cut off, a fuel tank is formed. A handle must be welded to it;
10. To improve the appearance, the structure is treated with adobe putty, consisting of sawdust and raw clay. The first component of the composition serves in the same way as crushed stone in concrete, that is, it prevents cracking of the furnace walls. It is recommended to apply adobe putty on top of perlite backfill;
11. They create the facade of the furnace, for which the furnace circuit is laid out of stone, bricks, adobe and sand. The wrong side of the structure is filled with crushed stone, and the front side is filled with adobe mixture, which makes the surface perfectly even;
12. A casing made of a metal barrel is placed on the previously created base. The lower branch pipe of the tank is directed towards the bench. The bottom of the structure is treated with raw clay, which will ensure its tightness;
13. A channel from a corrugated pipe is brought to the combustion chamber. It will serve as a link between the firebox and the atmosphere from the outside;

    At this stage, the oven looks almost finished.

14. A test kindling of the furnace is carried out, looking at how the gases are removed from the horizontal chimney. After that, the heat exchanger pipes are connected to the lower branch pipe installed on the red brick platform;
15. The furnace is supplemented with a pipe for removing smoke. The junction of the chimney and the heat generator is sealed with refractory coating and asbestos cord;
16. Using clay and adobe, the couch is given the desired shape. Only the horizontal section of the structure is left unsealed, which will then be used during cooking.

    The furnace functions as a whole system

Design improvement

A stove bench with a flue inside is not the only option for upgrading a rocket furnace. The design can be improved with a water jacket connected to a heating system in which water circulates. It is desirable to give this part of the structure the appearance of a coil, created from a copper pipe, twisting on the chimney.

This design provides even more warmth.

Another way to improve the jet furnace is associated with the organization of the flow of heated secondary air into the flame tube. This will increase the efficiency of the heat generator, but will lead to the deposition of a large amount of soot in the primary chimney. Therefore, it is better to make sure that the drum cover can be dismantled if necessary.

The subtleties of operating an unconventional furnace

The rocket furnace is heated by analogy with the upper combustion heat generator. It turns out that the kindling of equipment called a rocket must be carried out according to certain rules:

• the main raw material for the furnace of the unit must be laid only after the structure has warmed up well, for which, first, sawdust or paper is placed and set on fire in the blowing sector;
• they necessarily react to the muffling of the rumble emanating from the furnace - they put a large batch of fuel into the combustion chamber, which will ignite on its own from the red-hot residues of sawdust;
• the process is closely monitored, that is, after laying firewood, the damper is fully opened, and after a while, when the equipment makes a hum, it is covered to produce a sound similar to rustling;
• as necessary, the damper is covered more and more, otherwise the furnace will become filled with an excess volume of air, which will disrupt the pyrolysis inside the flame tube and lead to the creation of a strong hum.

Since the jet oven was originally designed for field use, its design is extremely simple. This allows you to cope with the manufacture of the unit to the usual home master. But, despite the apparent lightness, the rocket stove is supposed to be assembled, taking into account the correct ratio of parameters. Otherwise, the equipment will be unproductive.

• Ksenia Zubkova
• print

Source: //legkovmeste.ru/stroitelstvo-i-remont/otoplenie/reaktivnaya-pech-svoimi-rukami.html

Do-it-yourself rocket stove - instructions!

Unfortunately, in our country, almost no one knows about the rocket stove. Meanwhile, such a construction is extremely useful in a number of cases due to the practical total absence soot during operation and high combustion temperature.

Jet Furnace

rocket furnace

Today we will talk about how a do-it-yourself rocket stove is made.

Principle of operation

Hot gases instead of a chimney enter a special bell, where they burn out (hence the absence of soot). At the same time, the temperature rises even more, and the pressure, on the contrary, decreases. The cycle is constantly repeated and soon the furnace enters the combustion mode with maximum thrust (the strength of the latter depends on design features and installation quality).

rocket furnace

The temperature in the hood can reach 1200ᵒС, as a result of which all waste is burned almost without residue, and the exhaust consists mainly of carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Note! Thanks to this, the chimney can be laid under the floor or through some kind of heating structure (couch, for example, or a bench). What's more, the hot hood can be used for water heating, cooking, fruit drying, etc.

Jet furnaces

The benefits include:

• high efficiency;
• lack of soot;
• high temperature;
• the possibility of using cones, damp branches, dry plant stems as fuel - at a temperature of 1200ᵒ almost everything burns;
• low fuel consumption - about four times lower than in the standard design.

Types of rocket furnaces

There are several types of rocket (or jet, as they are also called) furnaces.

1. Portable structures from tin containers (paint cans, buckets, etc.). Great helpers on the construction site or on a hike that can be made in just a few hours.
2. Furnaces made of refractory bricks and metal barrels, intended for heating heat-intensive masses. They feature a horizontal chimney installed underground and an external riser to provide draft.
3. Fully brick structures are used for floor air heating. They consist of several chimneys at once.

Note! Due to the complexity of the implementation of the third option, only the first two will be considered in this article.

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

In this case, work traditionally begins with the preparation of everything necessary.

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel, blueprint

Stage 1. Materials and equipment

For construction you will need:

• fireclay brick;
• steel barrel 200 l;
• chimney pipe;
• metal brush;
• old barbeque;
• fireproof paint;
• bayonet shovel;
• expanded clay;
• fittings;
• adobe;
• perlite;
• cement mortar;
• trowel. Production of a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Stage 2. Preparation

Step 1. A pit is pulled out in the floor (if possible) with a depth of about 30-50 cm. This is necessary so that the level of the horizontal chimney does not rise much.

Step 2. The steel barrel will serve as a cap for the furnace. First, the barrel is fired and cleaned of soot with a metal brush, after which it is painted with refractory paint.

Note! The paint is applied only after the chimney outlet flange is installed.

Stage 3. Foundation

Step 1 Formwork is being prepared for the future foundation.

Step 2. In the place where the firebox will be, several bricks go deep into the ground.

Step 3. Steel reinforcement is laid on the bottom.

Step 4 Bricks are laid around the lower point of the combustion chamber according to the level.

Step 5. The base is poured with concrete mortar.

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Stage 4. Masonry

After the mortar has dried, you can proceed to laying the rocket furnace.

Note! To do this, you need to use only refractory clay.

Step 1. On the first tier, the masonry rises, leaving only a hole for the combustion chamber.

Step 2. At the second level, the lower channel of the furnace is formed.

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel

Step 3. On the third channel, it is covered with masonry in such a way that two holes are obtained - for the combustion chamber and the vertical channel.

Note! Bricks after laying can not be hewn - they still have to be hidden with adobe and expanded clay.

Step 4. Preparation for laying the vertical channel. In addition to the barrel itself, this will require an old water heater of about 150 liters.

A flange is built into the barrel for connecting the chimney. Here it is desirable to install a tee for cleaning the chimney.

Step 5. Using the "boot" method, the ascending part of the structure is placed. The internal section of this part should be approximately 18 cm.

Step 6. A cut of the water heater is put on the ascending part, and the voids between the walls are filled with perlite. The upper part of the perlite is sealed with chamotte clay.

Step 7. The base of the furnace is lined with bags filled with sand, the base of the casing is coated with clay. The voids between the bags and the body are filled with expanded clay, after which the base is finished with the same clay.

Step 8. The chimney is connected, an inverted steel barrel is put on the ascending part.

Step 9. A trial run of the furnace is carried out, after which the barrel is painted with fire-resistant paint.

Making a jet furnace from a brick and a metal barrel, a diagram

Stage 5. Chimney lining

Step 1. The chimney is lined with sandbags and covered with expanded clay.

Step 2. The construction is given the appropriate shape with the help of fireclay clay.

Note! The rocket furnace needs a lot of oxygen during operation, so it is recommended to run an air duct from the street.

It remains only to install the old barbecue in the neck of the firebox and close it with a lid. The seams are sealed with clay. Everything, the brick rocket oven is ready for operation.

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, diagram

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, foundation

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Stove stove, built on the principle of a rocket stove, masonry

Making a camping garden stove

In this design, as in the one described above, the principle of operation is to isolate the fire and direct the thermal energy to the right place.

Stage 1. Preparing everything you need

To prepare a portable rocket stove you will need:

• two tin containers of different diameters;
• a couple of corners;
• steel clamps ø10 cm;
• stainless steel pipe for chimney;
• small-sized crushed stone;
• Bulgarian;
• scissors for metal. Making a camping garden stove Making a camping garden stove Making a camping garden stove In the second bucket - the bottom of the rocket stove, cut a hole for the pipe. for dishes From the wire we bend the burner for dishes We melt the rocket stove

Stage 2. Assembly of the structure

Step 1. A lid for the structure is made from a smaller bucket. To do this, a hole is made in it for the chimney (the cover is not removed). In this case, it is better to bend the “petals” inward - so the pipe will be more securely fixed.

The lower half of the bucket is cut off with a grinder.

Step 2. A hole is cut in the bottom of the other container for connecting the firebox. The tin is cut with scissors into "petals" and bent inward.

Step 3. The forward flow is assembled from a pipe and a pair of corners. Then the pipe is inserted into the bucket and connected there to the "petals" with a steel clamp. Everything, the forward flow of the rocket furnace is ready.

Step 4. The space between the forward flow and the walls of the bucket is covered with fine gravel. The latter will perform two functions in the design at once - thermal insulation and thermal accumulation.

Step 5. The second bucket (lid) is put on the jet furnace.

Step 6. From steel wire the burner for dishes is bent.

Note! Instead of a burner, you can install three bricks.

Step 7. It remains only to paint the structure with heat-resistant paint (preferably gray or black). For melting, the forward flow outlet will be used.

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Mini jet oven

Reactive mini-oven, kindling

Rules for the operation of rocket furnaces

Rocket stoves, as well as other long-burning designs, need to be launched on a warm pipe. And if this is not so important for the second version of the furnace, then for the first option a cold chimney will only lead to unnecessary burning of fuel. For this reason, the structure needs to be preheated - fired with sawdust, paper, etc.

It is also worth noting that the jet furnace is unable to self-adjust, so at first the blower opens completely, and is covered only after the structure starts to hum strongly. In the future, the supply of oxygen gradually decreases.

About the rocket stove in the bath

Jet wood stove with sun lounger

Many, probably, were interested in the question - is it possible to use a jet furnace in a bath? It would seem that it is possible, because it is quite easy to equip a heater on a tire.

In fact, such a design for a bath is not suitable. For light steam, you first need to warm up the walls, and only then, after a while, the air. For the latter, the furnace must be a source of convection and thermal radiation (IR). This is the problem - in a rocket furnace, convection is clearly distributed, and the design does not provide for losses due to thermal radiation at all.

Do-it-yourself rocket stove

conclusions

Be that as it may, but today in the manufacture of rocket furnaces there is more intuition than real accurate calculations, therefore, this is an almost limitless field for creativity.

We also suggest that you familiarize yourself with the video instruction for the manufacture of a rocket furnace.

- Do-it-yourself jet oven

Source: //svoimi-rykami.ru/stroitelstvo-doma/pechi_i_mangaly/pech-raketa-svoimi-rukami.html

Do-it-yourself rocket stove made of long-burning bricks: drawing, instruction, photo

A rocket stove made of long-burning bricks, despite its simple design, can solve a number of problems for owners of summer cottages and private houses. These include not only the functions of heating and cooking, but also the creation original interior and comfort in the room.

Principle of operation

During the thermal decomposition of solid organic fuel, gaseous substances are released, which also decompose and turn into wood gas during combustion, which has a high level of heat transfer during combustion.

In conventional solid fuel stoves, wood gas goes into the pipe along with the gas, where it cools and settles on the walls in the form of soot. In a rocket-type furnace, due to the horizontal channel, the gases move more slowly, do not have time to cool down, but burn out, giving off a large amount of heat.

In models of reactive heating devices complex design heated air and gas passes through a series of internal channels. Then they move to the upper part of the body, under the hob, where it burns out completely. For such a rocket, there is no need for additional blowing. The draft in them is created due to the chimney, and the longer its length, the more intense the upward flow.

Principle of operation

In this diagram, the principle of operation of a rocket stove with a stove bench

Advantages and disadvantages

Rocket long-burning furnaces have the following advantages:

• high efficiency - not less than 85%;
• high speed of heating the room - 50 m² will become warm in less than 1 hour;
• the absence of soot - the exhaust during the combustion of fuel does not form soot, but is formed in the form of steam and carbon;
• the ability to operate on any type of solid fuel;
• low consumption - fuel consumption by a rocket stove is 4 - 5 times less than a conventional stove under equal conditions: burning time interval and heating temperature;
• the possibility of arranging a warm bed;
• the duration of heat retention in a well-heated structure without adding fuel - up to 12 hours.

There are many advantages to such a furnace, but there are also bad sides.

The disadvantages include:

• manual method of controlling the heating device - fuel burns out quickly, and it is required to report it regularly;
• the high heating temperature of some structural elements threatens to burn the owners in case of accidental contact;
• the heating rate does not allow the use of a rocket oven for baths;
• the aesthetic component of such a device is not for everyone and is not suitable for any interior;
• the danger of carbon monoxide penetration into living rooms.

materials

Do-it-yourself building materials for the construction of a long-burning rocket furnace are selected depending on the calorific value of the fuel. For laying the main part of the body, a simple red oven brick is usually used. The firebox and the furnace bunker are lined with fireclay bricks.

If it is planned to use high-calorie fuel (for example, coal), then refractory bricks are used for the construction of almost all parts of the structure. Fasten masonry elements aqueous solution mixtures of sand and clay.

Regardless of the type of design for a long-burning rocket furnace, you will need to buy furnace fittings:

• blew;
• grates;
• furnace doors;
• intermediate cap;
• chimney pipe.

Instruments

To build a rocket-type furnace with your own hands, you need to prepare in advance a set of tools for work, which should consist of:

• trowels for scooping up and distributing the solution. It is more convenient to work with a tool with a handle slightly shifted to the side;
• picks or hammers - picks for hewing individual parts of bricks;
• grinders with a diamond blade for sawing solid blocks into quarters and halves;
• mallets with a rubber tip for leveling bricks in masonry;
• twisted cord - moorings;
• building level;
• square and tape measure;
• shovels.

You also need to stock up on two containers for preparing mortar, concrete and metal mesh for sifting ingredients.

How to do it yourself?

Before you make a rocket furnace, you need to decide on the place of its installation, with the dimensions of the future design, and develop a diagram. The technology of masonry itself is quite simple, any novice builder can master it.

The simplest design of a rocket furnace can be built from 20 bricks per suburban area and use it to heat food brought from home.

Location selection

Before starting construction, the first step is to choose a place. brick ovens missile type is recommended to be placed closer to the front door. In this case, the ash after cleaning will not need to be carried across the entire room, which will positively affect the overall dustiness of the room.

It is also desirable that there are no rafters located closer than 40 cm to the chimney at the exit point of the pipe. And yet, the stove should not be adjacent to the outer wall of the house so that expensive heat does not go to heat the street.

Solution preparation

Cement mortar under the influence of high temperatures quickly cracks, therefore, only a mortar consisting of clay and sand is used for laying brick heating devices.

Their proportions are determined experimentally, depending on the quality of the clay. Most often in a ratio of 1:2 or 1:3, and the higher the fat content of the clay, the less it is added to the solution.

First, the clay must be soaked, filtered, and then sand is introduced. The resulting solution should have the consistency of thick sour cream. You can check the level of its viscosity in the following way:

• place a wooden stick or trowel handle into the mixture;
• remove the tool and shake well;
• check the thickness of the adhering layer: if less than 2 mm add clay, more than 3 mm - sand.

The preparation of the mortar must be approached with all responsibility, since only a plastic mixture of the required density can fill all the irregularities of the bricks and ensure their strong adhesion.

Masonry rocket stove of 20 bricks

Ordering a rocket furnace for 20 bricks

An example of a brick rocket stove

Masonry rocket stove with stove bench

A brick rocket stove, even equipped with a bench, is small. The order shown in the figures (below) allows you to assemble the structure without the use of metal products. Only the doors will be iron. Subsequently, the body can be coated with clay to give it more rounded shapes.

row number	Number of bricks, pcs.	Description of masonry	Picture
1	62	Formation of the furnace base	(click to enlarge)
2	44	The formation of the base of the channels for heating the couch along the entire structure. Fastening mortgages for mounting a cast-iron door
3	44	Repeating the contour of the second row
4	59	Complete channel coverage. The beginning of the formation of a vertical smoke channel and a furnace
5	60	The construction of the couch	(click to enlarge)
6	17	Continuation of laying the smoke channel
7	18
8	14
9; 10	14	Smoke channel formation	(click to enlarge)
11	13
12	11	The beginning of laying the chimney pipe. From here begins the channel through which the air from the hob will go down to move to the stove bench
13	10	The end of the formation of the surface under the hob. Laying asbestos gasket, which is covered with sheet steel.	(click to enlarge)
14; 15	5	Closing the chimney channel and forming a low wall between the bench and the hob.

After completing the masonry work, the home-made rocket stove must be dried, carefully, by heating at low intensity. First, no more than 20% of the firewood norm is laid in the firebox, and the device is heated twice a day for 30-40 minutes.

According to this scheme, the stove is heated until its outer surface is cleared of damp spots. Drying, depending on the dimensions of the device, may take from three to eight days. During this time, the room should be well ventilated, especially in summer.

Accelerating drying can lead to cracking of the masonry, that is, the device will become unsuitable for further heating.

Ready view

You need to start a brick rocket stove only with a warm chimney. For a small device, this property is not so significant, and a larger oven is cold pipe just wasting wood.

Therefore, before loading the fuel rate after a long break in operation, the rocket stove must be heated with paper, dry shavings, straw, etc., placing them in a blower with the door open. When the rumble in the stove lowers its tone or subsides, then you can load all the fuel into the furnace, it should ignite by itself from the already existing fire.

A rocket stove with a bed is not a fully self-regulating device for external conditions and fuel energy efficiency. Therefore, at the beginning of the furnace with a regular amount of fuel, the blower door is left in the open position. After the stove starts to hum strongly, it is covered to a position where the sound emitted is barely audible.

Only dry wood can be used to heat the stove, wet wood will not allow the stove to warm up to the desired temperature, which can lead to reverse draft.

Output

The brick jet stove is becoming an increasingly popular heating appliance for small buildings, both temporary and permanent residence. This is explained by the simplicity of execution, the cheapness of the material, the duration of autonomous operation and the high heat transfer of this design.