Jig for drilling working principle. Jigs for drilling holes for dowel and confirmat

When creating furniture, almost all the details have to be joined end-to-end. This is done with the help of dowels in which holes are made. This is where a special detail is needed. You can buy it or make a furniture conductor with your own hands.

What is a furniture conductor

The conductor is a bar that has several holes and sleeves. It is applied to the desired part, the drill is inserted into the sleeve and a hole is made. To fix two parts, you will need the help of one conductor, while the parts are fixed as securely as possible.

Conductor Benefits:

precise drilling;
simple and fast creation of holes.

At the same time, conductors are used not only during construction, but also in mechanical engineering. Also, this device allows you to drill cylindrical blanks and pipes.

Different types of conductors

Depending on the industry, conductors are divided as follows:

Overhead. They got their name because of the scope. This device is superimposed on the workpiece and fixed, with the help of which holes are made.
Swivel. They are used to drill cylindrical holes. In this case, the rotary axes can be located both horizontally and vertically, and at an angle. The housing here is equipped with swivel bushings.
Overturned. They are used when holes are created in several planes.
Sliding. Used to make each individual hole. In this case this model not fixed on the surface, which means that it is not the most convenient.

Do-it-yourself furniture conductor

As we wrote above, this product is needed when assembling furniture. Someone prefers to buy it, and someone to make furniture holes with their own hands. Such products are sold in any hardware stores, it is important to choose finished products for a specific purpose. The cost of a furniture conductor will depend on its size, purpose and manufacturer.

The simplest option is inexpensive, but professional equipment with various additional functions costs quite a lot. Therefore, today more and more often do-it-yourself furniture conductors and templates are made.

They are produced using a metal sheet or a wooden board. They make holes that will serve as guides. This job is easy and anyone can do it.

How to create a conductor

So, creating a furniture conductor with your own hands is not difficult. To get started you will need:

welding machine;
Bulgarian;
drill and some locksmith tools;
you also need to prepare reinforcement 10 x 10 mm in advance.

First, the workpiece is cleaned with sandpaper and marking is performed. The distance from center to center is approximately 32 mm. Next, each template hole is drilled. After that, an emphasis is created - for this you can take a metal plate 1 mm thick. It needs to be bent and a place for carving prepared. The last step is to connect these parts.

The product must be made as accurately and accurately as possible, otherwise there will be no benefit from it, and in an unfavorable situation, it can even damage furniture. You can learn more about how to make a conductor by watching various video tutorials. The easiest way to make it is according to a furniture template, which can also be peeped from specialists.

In order for drilling not to cause complications, a conductor is needed. This device is really needed when assembling furniture. Of course, you can buy everything today, but it’s better to make a furniture conductor with your own hands, because then such equipment is exactly right for each specific purpose.

When working with a hand drill, it is sometimes difficult to maintain a predetermined direction of the hole. Also, conductors are used if it is necessary to make a number of similar holes according to the pattern. For example, in carpentry. In this case, the master does not waste time marking the tree, and is guaranteed to get the same result.

The conductor is indispensable when drilling holes in pipes. But the main application is the passage of holes at a given angle.

Consider the various options for this useful device:

Jig for perpendicular drilling

A simple furniture jig for drilling holes when assembling metal furniture. Details in the video

Purpose - obtaining passes in thick workpieces, strictly at an angle of 90 °. It is a set of bushings in a single housing, or a bracket with interchangeable working nozzles.

By setting the fixture above the drilling point, you can start working without first punching. The drill exactly hits the center of the sleeve and does not deviate from the axis.

Important! The only problem is that the tool must be held on the workpiece, especially at the beginning of work. Otherwise, it may move due to vibration.

Such a jig for drilling can be made by hand. Thick textolite or solid wood is used. Perfect option- the use of bushings from the extruder for drawing the wire. Worn bushings can be found at the factory.

Nozzles for the extruder are made of alloy steel, with the addition of Pobedit. The service life is practically inexhaustible.

Jig for cylindrical blanks or pipes

Making a hole in a sloping surface is almost impossible. It is especially difficult to start the process - the tip of the drill jumps off a given point. The device will fix the direction, and will allow you to perform work with high accuracy.

By adjusting the length of the fixing bolts, a hole can be drilled tangentially to the center. If there is no such tool at hand, it can be made from improvised materials. For example, from a bar of hard wood and a strip of plywood.

So that the guides do not break so quickly with the sharp edges of the drill, they can be reinforced with sleeves from tubes of different diameters.

Accurately and efficiently make holes in products made of natural wood, chipboard, MDF, metal and other materials, such a convenient device as a jig allows. Such a device, in particular, is actively used by specialists involved in the production of furniture. At the same time, the conductor can be either purchased in serial execution or made by hand.

Design features and types

The jig, in fact, is a template for drilling holes, allowing them to be made as accurately as possible. It is also used to create holes, the axis of which is perpendicular to the surface of the part, and for drilling at an angle.

Due to their versatility and simplicity, drilling jigs are actively used in various fields. In particular, in the engineering industry, they have long been successfully used for drilling holes in workpieces of various configurations and made of different materials. It is impossible to work without a conductor and in furniture production, where such a device is actively used when assembling furniture, installing accessories on it and performing a number of other technological operations. Construction is another area where conductors are widely used. With their help, in particular, drilling holes in building structures. Jigs are also needed for drilling pipes and other tasks.

As a furniture conductor, overhead models are most often used, made of lightweight materials, so that it is more convenient to manipulate them. You can purchase such devices in the factory version or make a furniture conductor with your own hands. Qualified furniture makers may not use a jig to drill a hole in furniture construction elements with high quality and accuracy, but for this they must have extensive experience in their field.

The most significant advantage of the jig is that with its help, high-quality and accurate drilling of both a perpendicular to the surface of the part and an inclined hole can be performed even by a person who does not have highly qualified. The use of conductors eliminates the need for complex preliminary calculations and marking the locations of future holes, which reduces the complexity of assembling a furniture structure and allows you to perform such work in a shorter period of time. Even a novice specialist can understand the use of a jig for drilling under dowels and for solving other technological problems.

Before you purchase or make your own homemade jig, determine what tasks you need to use it for, and based on this data, select its type and design.

Among the conductors for drilling holes by type of design and functionality, a number of categories can be distinguished.

Overhead

These conductors are called so because they are applied to the workpiece and fixed on it, or simply fixed by hand. By means of conductors of this type, in particular, holes are drilled in chipboard, MDF boards and other flat parts.

Swivel

Such templates can be used to make holes on cylindrical parts. Conductors of this type are equipped with vertical and horizontal axes of rotation, which makes it possible to perform holes with their help at various angles.

Universal

These are fixtures that are especially relevant for small batch production, where the ability to quickly change over the equipment used is important. The conductor of this type is just endowed with such functions.

Tiltable

These devices for drilling holes are required in cases where such a technological operation has to be performed in several planes.

Sliding and fixed

The sliding jig, in full accordance with its name, does not require fixing: it is simply applied to that part of the surface of the part where the hole needs to be drilled. Fixed jig devices, although they are more convenient, somewhat limit the freedom of action of a specialist, which is especially critical when performing drilling work on machines equipped with only one spindle.

Areas of use

Furniture conductors and templates are devices that are practically indispensable when assembling furniture structures. The use of jigs avoids the main problem that occurs when drilling holes - the drill enters the workpiece at the wrong angle. Correcting this error takes a lot of time and effort, and it is not always possible to fix it at all. The jig used for drilling holes not only allows the drill to be correctly oriented at the machining site, but also prevents the tool from going astray.

Devices such as furniture jigs and templates are used both in the manufacture and assembly of furniture, when it is necessary to make holes in the elements to be joined to accommodate fasteners. In such cases, a jig for dowels or a jig for drilling for confirmation is often used, without which it is not possible to make high-quality holes for fasteners. Such a device is indispensable in cases where it is required to make holes, including at an angle, in thin slabs (in particular, when making holes in chipboard or MDF).

When using a jig for drilling holes, the process of assembling furniture is simple and fast. Using such a device, holes can be drilled at any distance from the edge of the part, regardless of its width.

V modern furniture dowels are actively used, which at the same time are quite an outdated fastener. That is why the jig for dowels (doweling jig) is used in the production of furniture structures. The main difficulty when using such fasteners is that the axes of the holes made in the parts to be joined have a right angle between them. Accordingly, such holes should be located strictly perpendicular to each other. Without the use of such a device as a jig for dowels, it is difficult to perform them.

Furniture production is not the only area in which conductors are used for drilling holes. Templates are no less often used in order to drill a hole in a pipe and other parts that have a cylindrical shape. Conductors allow you to make high-quality holes even in pipes of small diameter.

The size and principle of operation of modern conductors can be different. Some of the models of such devices are much easier to buy, and some are easy to make with your own hands. In favor of making a furniture jig for drilling holes with your own hands, the fact that serial devices, especially for universal purposes, are not cheap, also speaks.

Homemade conductor devices

Conductors the simplest design, for example, those that are used to drill holes for confirmation are relatively inexpensive, so many craftsmen are not puzzled by them self-manufacturing and purchase serial models. Meanwhile, there are those who even try to make such simple devices with their own hands. The question of how to make a jig for drilling with your own hands often appears and, if necessary, drill non-standard holes.

To independently make a jig for dowels or a simpler jig for confirmations, you can use the drawings and videos on the Internet.

For the manufacture of such a device, of course, its drawing is required. You also need a minimum set of tools and equipment:

electric or hand drill;
a set of locksmith tools;
Bulgarian;
welding machine (for the manufacture of conductor fixtures of a more complex design).

The simplest homemade jig can be made from improvised tools and materials that are abundant in most home workshops or garages. The use of such materials, which include pieces of metal fittings, wooden blocks, metal plates, etc., can significantly save on the purchase of a serial model of the device.

Making a homemade jig for a drill or a single-spindle machine takes place in several stages.

Square reinforcement with a cross section of 10 by 10 mm, using a hacksaw for metal or a grinder, must be cut into pieces of the required length.
The centers of the holes to be drilled through must be 8 mm from the edge of the jig plate. It is at this distance that the center of the chipboard or MDF board is located, in which a hole is drilled.
The step between the holes on the conductor in accordance with generally accepted furniture standards is 32 mm, while the diameter of such holes should be 5 mm.
If you equip a homemade jig with an emphasis, then using such a device will be much more convenient. To create such an emphasis, you need a metal plate 1 mm thick and 25 mm wide, which is bent at a right angle and fixed on a ready-made jig made of reinforcement.
After structural elements homemade jig are fixed with a clamp, they must be securely connected to each other using threaded fasteners.

Drilling jig - an indispensable attribute on large-scale production, no matter which one. Where there is a lot of drilling, it is really necessary, especially when production is serial or mass.

With the help of a conductor, production is greatly accelerated, the work of the worker is facilitated.

A drilling jig, as a rule, is a bar (plate) with holes and bushings (sleeves). By means of a conductor, it is much easier, for example, to drill pipes.

As for the production of furniture, they are also used here, although relatively recently.

With this equipment, the manufacturer is relieved of the following problems:

Markup.
Punching (point recesses in the material for the drill).
Drilling with observance of perpendicularity.

The latter is especially difficult to do, since it requires serious skills acquired only over the years.

Some operations, such as dowel drilling (short wooden rods designed for concealed joining of parts), require very precise marking, and no less precise drilling at an angle of 90 °.

With such a device as a conductor, these tasks are solved easily and simply.

Types: choose the one you need

Overhead. They do not need fixing before their intended use. Structurally simple, mobile, but they need to be kept free from the drill by hand, since often the equipment is not fixed in a special device, which is not very convenient. Given the simplicity of the design, making it yourself is quite simple. It is used when drilling chipboard and MDF.

Conductors for drilling holes at an angle. The design is easy to imagine as the name speaks for itself. Such equipment can also be consignment note. In the production of high-quality furniture, drilling at an angle is also present, which is not the easiest operation in the production process - this requires skill. Although in this case, the desired angle is sometimes violated, the assembly as a result will no longer be of such high quality and suffer appearance furniture, especially if it is not made of chipboard, but of wood - here you can’t putty on ugly drilling. Tooling same desired design completely eliminates unnecessary problems.

Rotary conductors. They have folding brackets, and this allows drilling on two adjacent planes.

Sliding gearboxes. With their help, without reinstallation, you can drill several holes. To work with such equipment, however, the necessary skills are required.

Device for drilling holes for dowels and confirmations

Despite the fact that today a lot of new fittings have appeared in the furniture industry, the good old dowel is still used. This is due to the fact that the joints are not visible through this piece of fittings, and this is especially valuable in the production of natural wood furniture.

As already mentioned, dowel drilling creates a lot of problems for furniture makers, especially those who are not qualified enough.

In order for the furniture planes to be perfectly joined, accurate marking is necessary, and this equipment allows you to speed up the work and bring the quality to the desired level.

Working with confirmations - special furniture screws - although less troublesome, but also requires certain skills. And given how many holes you need to mark and drill before screwing the confirmation in one piece of furniture, such a device will greatly speed up the work, and its quality too.

The simplest devices

The conductor is two-slider. It allows you to drill holes in two adjacent (mating) parts. The fixture is constructed from two rulers that serve as guides and are connected to the mounting plate. The holes made in it make it possible to install a bar on parts of different widths. Housings moved along the rulers (replaceable) have a set of guide bushings, where the distances between them are different. The conductor is fixed with connecting strip, on the opposite side there is a stroke limiter, pressed by a thumb screw.
The conductor is multiposition. Attaches with clamps. The design allows for vertical drilling. It is made from thick-walled aluminium. Since the fixture has a significant length, it is equipped with an intermediate mount in the center of the structure. The thick wall of the angle was very successfully used, which cannot be overestimated at the moment the device is applied to the surface of the part and when the conductor is reinstalled by 90 °. The selection of the distance between the bushings is carried out according to the most common values \u200b\u200bfor the installation of dowels or confirmations.

How to work with a conductor:

The device is fixed on the workpiece.
The sleeve is inserted into the hole.
Drill through the sleeve.

Do-it-yourself furniture conductor: drawings with dimensions to help

Principle of this equipment:

Corner case. It is superimposed on the plane of the parts, which will then be connected to each other.
Guide bushings. A drill will enter through them.
Clamping devices. They fix the conductor and are made from the end part.

Designing your own jig should be based on the fact that with this equipment you can do most of the work performed related to fasteners of various types.

Important! If you need a universal assistant - this applies to professional furniture makers, then it would be better to purchase industrial equipment, which is made more accurately and efficiently. It is such a device that will be preferable and will quickly pay for itself, especially if you also take into account the fact that this device often comes with a lot of different templates, stops and other little things that are also necessary in the work. They are much cheaper than buying at retail.

And yet this device, if necessary, can be made with your own hands.

Such equipment, perhaps, is needed not so often in a particular production, and even home master- especially. So for many users, doing it yourself will be much more profitable.

If such design remains relevant, then it is necessary to prepare materials for the manufacture of a home-made conductor for drilling for confirmation:

Corner. You should stop your choice on the unequal type of this rental - its possibilities are wider. The corner shelf must be chosen with the greatest thickness, which can reach up to 8 mm. This is well justified, since then guide bushings with an outer diameter of up to 6 mm can be inserted. Based on this, drills from 3.5 to 4 mm can be used. Even if that diameter is not enough, then the material is reamed with a large drill, without using any other devices.
Guide bushings. Here it will be preferable to use stainless steel pipes, which are selected, first of all, according to the inner diameter. Example: a 6×1.5 pipe is suitable for a drill no larger than 2.7 in diameter. Explanation: its inner hole will be 3 mm, and a small gap along the entire inner diameter is taken into account due to the thermal expansion of the material. The sleeve length is the depth of the hole in the corner, multiplied by two or more. The fit of the bushings is either transitional, or with an interference fit, or according to the shaft system. The latter is the most appropriate.

Instead of pipes, of course, you can use ready-made bushings used in wire drawing machines - such are available, for example, in mechanical engineering. Such parts (even used ones) will come in handy: they are made of alloyed steels and have an almost unlimited service life.

Choice of mounting method

Options:

Fixation with self-tapping screws. They are screwed into the part, which prevents the device from moving due to friction. This is convenient because these marks will be needed for subsequent drilling of other holes.
The emphasis is spring. It will securely fix the conductor on the part. For such an emphasis, a flat spring with an appropriate clamping force is suitable.
Clamps external. Under them it is necessary to lay rubber gaskets. Corrugated rubber is ideal as a material. This, of course, slightly increases the weight of the tool, and the elasticity of the pads can negatively affect the squareness of the bushings. To prevent this from happening, the drill is inserted into the sleeve in order to mark the hole, and only then the clamps are clamped.

For drilling pipes and cylindrical parts

In modern furniture, not only chipboard, fiberboard, MDF and wood are used. As additional elements can be used steel pipes different diameter. Covered with chrome or stainless steel, they perfectly complement the overall furniture ensemble.

It is very difficult to drill a spherical surface - the drill strives to slip to the side. Yes, and marking is not so easy when there are a lot of holes and they are arranged in several rows.

In order for the notorious colander to turn out of the pipe, but the correct part with precisely made holes, you need a jig - this perfect solution in the given situation.

There are steel conductors made in the form of an adjustable clamp. This design feature allows you to clamp pipes of different diameters in them and drill holes in them with high accuracy.

Not being able to make such a device, you can use junk materials by making an even simpler device using a bar and a strip of plywood. So, a bar cut diagonally lengthwise into circular saw, can be nailed or screwed with screws at an angle of 90 ° to plywood. The resulting device is superimposed on top of the pipe, and a strip of plywood, resting against a table or workbench, does not allow the specified angle to be violated. Holes of the required diameter pre-drilled in the bar are placed taking into account the required distances between future holes, which will allow you to quickly and accurately drill the pipe exactly according to the drawings.

Do-it-yourself furniture conductors and templates

How conductors are made is now clear, as well as their need for furniture production.

Not only conductors, but also templates are necessary in furniture production. The simplest template will sometimes save a lot of time and enable no less accurate drilling than a jig.

For example, the simplest metal prefabricated invoice template, consisting of two sheet blanks measuring 130 × 70 mm and a steel square with a cross section of 20 mm. They are interconnected by screws in the upper part of the structure - this is how they are attached to the square. The square is drilled under the bushings, where the latter are pressed. Such a device for drilling holes in the end of a part made of chipboard will make it possible to drill without thinking about marking and perpendicular drilling at all. And the price of this equipment is below any idea of \u200b\u200bsavings.

Instead of metal, you can and should use those materials that are inexpensive and easy to process.

Materials:

Plywood.
Textolite or fiberglass - preferably thick.
Hard wood.
Hardboard or its equivalent.

It must be borne in mind that these materials are short-lived, and so that the devices do not have to be made every day, it is quite reasonable to press metal tubes into them.

In conclusion, it is worth summarizing what has been said. Making a jig or a template yourself or buying it in a store is up to each individual. If a home craftsman needs to make some kind of furniture in a single copy and there is material for the conductor, as well as the possibility of manufacturing it, you can use this. It is possible that such equipment will never be useful to the master again.

But even if a small furniture workshop is engaged in the production of mass-produced furniture, and enough people work in it, it is probably easier to purchase something ready-made, especially since they will need several copies of these irreplaceable assistants to the craftsmen.

In the latter case, it makes sense to purchase more expensive, accurate and wear-resistant conductors instead of making handicraft ones that are less accurate and durable.

Good luck in your work!

A jig for drilling holes is a device used in mechanical engineering to simplify the process of processing a part. In fact, it is a template that serves to guide or position the workpiece. It can be used on various equipment, such as, for example, or a diamond drilling machine.

V engineering production conductors are fairly accurate fixtures (up to 0.05 mm (depending on the requirements for the manufactured part)). They come in two main types: overhead (in the form of plates) and box-shaped, which are three-dimensional structures. There are also conductors for drilling of mixed type. These devices are used to reduce labor intensity: from technological process machining of the part, the marking operation is removed, in addition, it becomes possible to drill several holes at the same time.

The drilling jig is used only in serial and mass production. This is due to the fact that for a small batch of parts it is impractical to manufacture a separate fixture, which, moreover, will have to be installed and configured separately.

A drilling jig is usually used to process several holes that lie in the same plane. It is best if the parts are unified according to standard sizes, this will allow the use of the fixture for a wide range of products.

The drilling jig is also used in light industry and construction. Such devices are only of the overhead type, made of or lighter materials, such as wood or plexiglass. These products are not designed for high accuracy, the positioning error is only ±0.5 mm. But this is more than enough to make holes for fittings in furniture or drill a series of holes in the wall of the house. Used as equipment conventional drill or drilling machine desktop type.

You can independently make a conductor for domestic needs. It will be needed during repairs, when you need to make a lot of holes of the same type and there is no desire to spend time on preliminary marking. For its manufacture, you can use any improvised materials: on a sheet of metal or wooden board mark and drill all the necessary holes that will serve as guides. If necessary, a plumb line is additionally made so that chips or concrete chips do not fall to the floor. It is possible to make a dust-free jig when the template is covered with a specially fitted half of a plastic bottle.

The main advantages of these devices are high positioning accuracy of holes without preliminary marking, high labor productivity and a decrease in perpendicularity deviation (due to guide bushings). However, the use of a jig for drilling is not always economically justified, especially with small batches of parts in production.