The choice of lighting in the apartment is one of the most important in terms of room design. And as the best option, it is quite possible to consider LED ceiling lights - easy to install, practical, efficient and presentable looking. Despite not the lowest cost, these lamps are now beginning to displace traditional incandescent lamps from the market. That is why we decided to consider this type of lighting fixtures in as much detail as possible.
LED lamps: device and features
The device of LED lamps
To understand the advantages that an overhead ceiling lamp has, it is possible only after a thorough analysis of the features of its operation. So let's figure out how the classic LED ceiling lamp works?
- The basis of any LED lamp (whether built-in or overhead) is a lamp, which is a set of several LEDs. The number and type of LEDs used are the main factors that determine the power of the lamp, and as a result, the power of the luminaire itself;
- The number of LEDs in one lamp can be different: some lamps use lamps with one LED, others - lamps with several dozen LED light elements;
- As a rule, all the LEDs of one lamp are included in a single circuit, which is connected to the control circuit through the power supply;
- Another mandatory element included in the design of a luminaire based on LED lamps, is a radiator. The thing is that during operation, the LED lamp generates heat that requires mandatory removal.
Therefore, ceiling lights, both overhead and recessed in the stream - in without fail equipped with radiators various types(cm. ).
Note! High-quality heat transfer from the LED lamp to the radiator is provided by a special thermal paste. This thermal paste requires periodic replacement, since when overheated, the LED lamp quickly fails.
Features of connecting LEDs in a luminaire
As for the wiring diagram for LEDs in an LED lamp, there are several options. Therefore, if you do not plan to install a ready-made ceiling lamp bought in a store, but are going to mount it yourself from the LEDs at your disposal - read the information below carefully:
- Serial connection of LEDs - Quite common, but with a number of disadvantages. According to this principle, LEDs are connected in many fixtures. industrial production;
- Parallel connection of LEDs is also possible. When connecting LED lamps in parallel, we connect current-limiting resistors in series to each lamp. the main task these resistors - protection of LEDs from breakdown;
- Mixed connection of LEDs. When connecting LEDs in a mixed circuit, groups of several series-connected light elements (LED lamps) are connected in parallel to each other. This scheme is also widely used in LED lamps for home and office.
- The choice of the scheme by which the lamp is assembled is determined by the advantages and disadvantages of one or another connection method.
Serial connection is the least financially expensive (there is no need to use a large number of resistors), but it is also the most vulnerable. If one of the elements fails, the entire lamp stops working due to a break in the circuit.
In addition, for LED lamps with a serial connection, another problem is relevant - if the LED does not just burn out, but breaks down, then the circuit is not interrupted. In this case, the rest of the LEDs included in the ceiling lamp burn out quickly enough from operation under overload conditions.
This problem is irrelevant for parallel connection - even if some of the LED elements fail, LED lamps continue to work, albeit not at full capacity. Only their high cost limits the distribution of luminaires with parallel connection.
LED lights in your home
Benefits of LED ceiling lights
Modern fixtures - overhead, built-in and spot - are significantly different from all other lighting fixtures. Accordingly, in comparison with them, LED lamps have both advantages and disadvantages.
First, let's analyze what benefits the installation of LED lamps will provide you with.:
- Firstly, overhead lights, wall and recessed are different low level energy consumption. An LED lamp consumes 10 times less electricity than an incandescent lamp and three times less than a fluorescent lamp that provides the same level of illumination. Those. installation of LED lamps gives you the opportunity to significantly reduce energy costs for lighting a house or apartment;
- Secondly, the LED lamps used in the fixtures have a nominal lifespan of about one hundred thousand hours (corresponding to approximately 11 years of continuous operation). Therefore, it is necessary to change the lamps that are equipped with ceiling lights much less often;
- In addition, LED lamps do not contain mercury, which makes them absolutely safe from an environmental point of view.
In addition to all of the above, the advantages of overhead LED lamps include ease of installation. Unlike recessed luminaires, which can only be installed during large-scale repairs (for example, when installing a slatted ceiling in a bathroom with your own hands), a surface-mounted luminaire can be mounted on any ceiling in just a few minutes.
Disadvantages of LED lamps
However, in addition to the above list of advantages, overhead LED ceiling lights have a number of disadvantages compared to other lighting fixtures:
- The first and main disadvantage of LED lamps is their high cost. At the price of both home and office lamps (for example, Armstrong lamps) are 6-8 times higher than models with fluorescent lamps that are similar in efficiency;
Cree LED fixtures are some of the best, but at the same time they are some of the most expensive.
- The next drawback is the gradual "degradation" of the fixtures. Inexpensive models of LED lamps may lose their brightness over time (after 3-5 years of intensive use). And if we take into account that investments in LED lamps due to energy savings pay off in an average of five years, then this drawback can be considered very significant;
Note! In order to partially insure against such situations, overhead ceiling lights should be purchased only if they have the appropriate certificate and guarantee. As a rule, the warranty period declared by the manufacturer is 5 years.
Also, the disadvantages of LED lamps include an unpleasant spectrum of light emitted by them. In addition, the light from such lamps is quite narrowly directed, and if you use LED ceiling lamps - overhead or built-in suspended ceiling, then you may need to set more light points per unit area.
Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of such lamps, we can observe almost parity: somewhere, LEDs are devastatingly superior to incandescent lamps, and somewhere they are significantly inferior to them. That is why it is necessary to make the choice “for” or “against” with the utmost care.
Where to install the LED lamp
One of the most important factors when choosing an LED lamp is its placement in the apartment.
Let's try to figure out where we will install LED lamps?
- Bedroom. Here, the LED lamp is perhaps the least suitable. Sufficiently sharp light from LED lamps will contrast with the whole atmosphere of this room, therefore it is better to refuse LEDs for a bedroom;
- Living room. Installing an overhead LED lamp is quite possible - but only on condition that the lamp fits into the overall design of the room. Therefore, for a high-tech living room, LEDs are quite applicable, but for a classic living room, we say a resolute “no!”;
- Kitchen. Here, the LED lamp can be used not as a main light, but as a directional backlight. For example, an overhead LED lamp can be installed above a sink or stove to provide bright light when cooking or washing dishes.
Note! Installing the lamp in the immediate vicinity of the burners of the stove (at a distance of 1 meter or less) is undesirable, since heat dissipation from the LED is disturbed in heated air, and the lamp burns out quickly enough.
- Bathroom. Here, the LED lamp will also be quite appropriate (naturally, adjusted for the design of the room). For example, before you start making a slatted ceiling in the bathroom with your own hands, you can provide for the installation of an overhead lamp, and bring the wires into the space behind the ceiling in advance.
Also, overhead LED lamps - ceiling and wall - can be installed in outbuildings: garages, workshop sheds. Outdoor lighting of a private house can also be arranged using LED lights and spotlights.
Installation of LED lamps
Required accessories
In order for the overhead LED lamp to work as efficiently as possible, when connecting, it is necessary to check the presence and performance of a number of components.
In some models, they are built into the luminaire body, while in others they require a separate installation:
- Radiator - we talked about its need above. Even if we mount a surface luminaire on a suspended or slatted ceiling, the radiator must provide effective heat dissipation;
- The power supply is a very important element that ensures the effective glow of the lamp. The use of low-quality power supplies can lead to flickering of the lamp and the appearance of a “strobe effect”.
In power supplies, electronic and induction type transformers are used. The former are smaller and lighter (which is important for flush mounting), but are prone to breakage. Unlike electronic induction transformers for LED lamps, they are more reliable and cheaper, but they have large dimensions and weight.
As a result, both the radiator and the power supply must be selected based on the place where the lamp is connected.
Features of mounting fixtures on the ceiling
Overhead ceiling lights based on LEDs are most often produced in housings equipped with everything necessary for mounting. As a rule, a luminaire of this type is quite easily mounted on the ceiling of the most different materials using simple fasteners - turboprops or dowels with metal or plastic sleeves (see).
Depending on the specific model, installation of overhead luminaires from different manufacturers may differ.
In general, the installation process is as follows:
- At the chosen place, in the immediate vicinity of the output of the wires for lighting, we drill holes for the mounting plate (this process can be seen in detail in the video instructions);
- Holes for fastening must be made in a solid base. If the hole under the mounting plate falls into the void (the drill of the perforator characteristically “falls through” without encountering resistance), it is advisable to re-drill the hole a little to the side;
Pay attention! When making holes for attaching the mounting plate, you must be very careful not to damage the wiring with a puncher drill.
- We fix the mounting plate with dowels;
- If the luminaire is not mounted on a solid base, then it is necessary to first provide a fixture for the luminaire. For example, before installing a slatted ceiling in the bathroom, in the video instructions, it is recommended to fix bars on the ceiling, into which the lamp mounting plate is then attached.
- Having turned off the electricity on the meter or RCD (residual current device), we connect the contacts of the lamp to the electrical wiring. Most industrial LED luminaires are equipped for this terminal blocks, facilitating connection (see);
- We put the body of the connected lamp on the lugs of the mounting plate and fix it with screws;
Advice! Very often in such situations, a long screwdriver with a tip made of magnetic alloy helps: with its help you can fix fairly small screws in hard-to-reach fasteners.
- On the fixed body of the lamp we put on transparent parts (cap or safety glass) and check if it works.
Summing up all of the above, we can state: due to their characteristics, LED ceiling lights will be an excellent solution for lighting a number of rooms in a house or apartment. And if you pick optimal model and install it correctly - then you are guaranteed bright and economical lighting for many years!
The level of demand for LED lighting is constantly growing, both in industrial and residential areas. This fact is explained by the fact that the installation of LED lamps allows to reduce the amount of electricity consumed and, at the same time, to avoid the harmful radiation effect characteristic of other types of lighting devices.
The functionality and safety of operation of such lamps depends on how competently their installation was carried out. Do not perform the process yourself or trust incompetent craftsmen.
To provide high-grade illumination, the complex professional approach to its arrangement is necessary. We recommend the specialists of our company. You can get acquainted with the portfolio of electricians of the "Leader Services" company in the "Masters" section.
Stages of arranging LED lighting
In order for the installation of LED luminaires to be able to maximize the use of their light resource, the workflow must be carefully thought out and prepared.
When choosing fixtures, you need to consider:
- their purpose - wall, ceiling, street, landscape;
- operating conditions - internal, external;
- device power.
And if we are talking about a lighting device in a room, then its area, height and type of ceiling construction are also taken into account.
Unlike traditional light sources, LED devices can be placed on any surface of the room - along the perimeter of the ceiling, floor, or built into furniture. But first you need to bring the wiring. Therefore, it is most convenient to combine the process with common repair work. Especially if you plan to replace the fixtures with LEDs.
When arranging LED lighting in a suspended ceiling, it is very important to ensure the safety of its operation - use a corrugation or a metal hose to install power wires, as well as connect circuit breakers.
Our specialists will be happy to install LED lamps, as well as quickly and efficiently perform other types of electrical work for you. installation work.
"Leader of Services" - we work for you
"Leader Services" is a company operating in Moscow. Our activity consists in the professional performance of works that are encountered in everyday life - repair, household, plumbing, electrical installation, etc. The full list is in the "Services and prices" section.
The company employs highly qualified specialists. All of them are citizens of the Russian Federation with a high degree of professional skills. Your applications are processed within an hour after they are submitted on the site.
Electricity has now become the basis of all human civilization in general and the individual little person in particular. Industry, culture, transport, everyday life - everything is based on electricity and confidently crowds out all other types of energy.
However, there is a fair fly in the ointment in this huge barrel of honey - the constantly growing cost of electricity, which puts an unbearable burden on the consumer. The steady increase in the cost of energy resources, the need to save them, the acute problem of nature conservation have forced mankind to use several methods to reduce electricity costs while maintaining efficiency.
LEDs
One way to reduce costs in the twenty-first century is the widespread use of LEDs as household lamps. Easy to install, convenient to use, non-detecting harmful influence on humans and the environment, they are replacing compact electric energy-saving lamps that aroused interest just yesterday. For example, a 36W LED illuminator is able to work effectively for indoor lighting of industrial and domestic rooms and offices. aesthetic external form, stylish design, effective light output - 80 Lm/W. Operating time - thirty thousand hours.
Device
The structure of the lamp consists of a complex of LEDs that correspond to the total power of a conventional lamp, a control circuit, a metal or plastic housing with a reflector. LED energy lamps used in everyday life are equipped with a conventional E14 or E27 base. Which is convenient for replacing the old conventional incandescent lamps. The number of LEDs may vary - from one to the whole complex, combined in one chain and connected to the control circuit through an electric power supply. Ceiling LEDs, for example, have such a structure.
Cooling
Since the LED generates a large amount of heat during the workload, it must be cooled. Radiators, to which LEDs are attached, do a good job of neutralizing the effect of heat. However, it should be noted that in the area where the LED and the cooling radiator come into contact, a special thermal paste with good heat transfer must be used. Otherwise, with regular overheating of the element in question, its service life is greatly reduced. However, the installation of LED lamps takes into account such disadvantages. Everything is included in this process.
Specialization
Due to the many tasks and the difference in configuration, the installation of LED lamps is divided into several types:
- ordinary linear;
- household ceiling;
- wall sconces;
- industrial increased power;
- spotlights ordinary and specialized;
- underwater execution (for various types of reservoirs);
- LED controllers (for creating color dynamics, in particular, at discos or concert performances).
Motion sensors can be included in the kit of fixtures to significantly increase the life of the LEDs, which are used only at the time when it is needed. Such equipment functions perfectly in the entrances of houses, extensive corridors of office premises. And also in other places where constant lighting is not necessary.
Ready-made fixtures are sold, which are equipped with radiators designed for existing LEDs. If there are not enough skills for self-installation, you can apply existing solutions and buy, in particular, an LED device for the home - complete LEDs on radiators. They are combined into a building, which can be a decoration for every apartment. Most often, it is created. Installing it, depending on the type of installation work, is quite simple and cheap.
linear lamp
Linear LED luminaires, which are increasingly integrated into the electrical system of residential buildings and industrial buildings, are playing an increasingly important role in everyday life. They have become an inseparable part of interior design. These devices are widely used in the installation of various types of ceilings, in creating wall designs and some interior elements.
Therefore, the installation of linear LED luminaires is becoming a common mass phenomenon. This attachment stems from the fact that good lighting plays a significant role in creating a comfortable microclimate in every room. Proper lighting is necessary not only in terms of eye comfort, but also to emphasize the specificity and beauty of the style.
LED lighting makes a big difference:
- hide the flaws of the room, showing its best advantages with the help of a small light spot;
- will support the illumination of the design of the room;
- will build good coverage of individual books and book rows;
- provide illumination of the working area in the kitchen;
- highlight the uniqueness of each exhibition;
- can shine both inside and outside any industrial premises.
With the help of mounted linear luminaires, it is possible to realize the most original ideas of the designer.
Ceiling lights
Built-in LED ceiling lights and panels replace all types of luminaires on fluorescent lamps, as well as other types of built-in household lights.
The leading benefits of building lighting with LED ceiling lights and panels will be:
- significant energy savings and, consequently, a reduction in monthly electricity costs;
- long service life (up to fifty thousand hours - this is a very, very long time in fact);
- no need to constantly replace non-working lamps, as well as legislative prohibitions on a special program for the elimination of LED technology;
- reduction of cooling costs in the warm season.
It should be pointed out that installing LED downlights on the ceiling generally gives better brightness than the same fixtures with fluorescent lamps used in office spaces. Thanks to more efficient operation, LED lamps will consume about one-third less energy.
Another important element of the device is the power supply. It is he who provides a bright and continuous burning of the LED lamp. If you use low-quality power supplies, the lamp may flicker when burning, which is very harmful to the eyes. This is the so-called strobe effect, which is used in nightclubs in discos. The power supply contains an electronic type transformer, which is most prone to breakdowns, but has small size, which is very convenient for hidden installation.
Also, induction-type transformers can be built into the power supplies. These transformers are the most reliable and have a lower price compared to electronic transformers. Induction transformers are characterized by high weight and size. Drawing a conclusion from the above, the radiator and power supply must be selected depending on the place where the lamp will be installed.
Departure of the master in Moscow - FREE OF CHARGE.
LED lamps are promising devices for lighting in almost all conditions: outdoor or indoor at acceptable high temperatures and low temperatures.
Advantages of using LED lamps:
1. The service life of this technology is about 8 years (possibly more), when compared with fluorescent lamps, this is 4-16 times longer;
2. There is no inertia in the LED installation, which is also important (that is, the light lights up immediately after switching on and at full power);
3. Safety of use;
4. High strength;
5. Small size, which allows you to make the lighting system the most compact;
6. ceiling chandelier, having LED lighting, does not flicker;
7. Minimum infrared and ultraviolet radiation;
8. There is no release of mercury vapor;
9. Slight heat generation;
10. Light is directed to one sphere.
They instantly turn off and on without the inertia that is characteristic of other lamps, the quality of their illumination does not depend on the number and frequency of switching on. Therefore, motion sensors can be installed on street LED lamps, which can successfully save electricity.
LED lamps are divided into types:
Linear
- ceiling
- wall
- industrial
- searchlights
- underwater version (for pools and fountains)
- LED controllers (for the implementation of color dynamics, for example, at discos or concert performances)
Installation of LED lamps, at first glance, is nothing complicated. And, perhaps, it is exactly what it is, if you have enough experience and the necessary tool. However, for a large number of people, the installation of LED lamps turns out to be very challenging task, but very often the operation of this equipment depends on this.
What you need to know about the installation of LED lamps?
It would be better to order the installation of LED lamps from real professional craftsmen who work in our company. Our highly qualified specialists will always: Carry out all the work efficiently and quickly, as well as at the most affordable price. The solution of the tasks set by the client is always approached responsibly. They have extensive experience. They have all the necessary tools for the job.
To replace a spotlight bulb, you must:
Turn off the voltage in the room or in the apartment;
- carefully remove the retaining ring that holds the protective glass;
- carefully remove the failed lamp and replace it with a new one;
- put the glass back in place and fix it with a retaining ring.
Required tool:
LED lights;
- plastic rings;
- fishing line (used to establish mounts);
- metal hangers;
- terminals;
- transformer;
- knife.
By entrusting the installation of LED lamps to our highly qualified specialists, you can always count on a high-quality result, as well as the quick completion of any work. We issue a mandatory one-year warranty for all types of services provided. Departure of our master is carried out within 1 or 2 hours, which allows us to solve even emergency situations.
Among the shortcomings, a high price can be noted, but the warranty and service periods are several orders of magnitude higher than those of others, therefore, as a result, the use of LED chandeliers leads to cost savings.
More and more LED chandeliers with remote control appear on sale remote control, which allows you to control lighting modes.
LED chandeliers are extremely diverse, they can contain over ten lamps. Regardless of the size and number of fixtures, each chandelier will have to be installed in its place.
The main difference in the installation of LED chandeliers is the presence of a control panel. Depending on how to install the LED chandelier, a standard switch can be used to de-energize it, in addition to the remote control.
First you need to collect the chandelier. Then, when all the parts are in place, you should pay attention to the controller and the light bulb power supplies located on the side facing the ceiling. They can move completely freely, so it would be better to attach them to the body of the chandelier with double-sided tape.
Before starting the installation of the LED chandelier, you need to connect the electrical part. For safety reasons, it is required to de-energize the wiring, and only after that carry out further work.
If pads are not included, please purchase separately. Three wires leave the controller, one is usually striped - this is grounding and most often it is not in apartments. Therefore, on the block, it is attached to a free nest and does not lead anywhere. If the house provides for grounding, we connect it through the block with it.
Drawn on the controller circuit diagram connection and it is indicated which wire is opened by the switch, voltage is applied through it. Using a tester, find it on the ceiling and connect it to the block.
In addition, check whether the switch opens the phase correctly, if necessary, transfer the wires and connect them according to the diagram.
Ceiling mount
The next step is to attach the mounting plate supplied with the chandelier. Depending on the size of the chandelier, it is a cruciform or a simple plank. A conventional mounting plate is attached to at least two, and a cruciform one to four dowels.
When checking the wall switch, the controller must change the operating mode of the chandelier every time it is turned on. Children love to use this feature of LED chandeliers.
m. Novokhokhlovskaya
A good master, a real pro, I am satisfied with the work) I installed lamps in the kitchen and the corridor, we bought LED ones and with some more complicated connection) It turned out just great and by the way, not expensive, which was very, very important to me, because the budget was limited. Igor recommend, thank you))
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m. Orekhovo
My respect to the electrician Alexander, I am very pleased with the result - it became cool in a room with these lamps. I opted for LED lights so that there is more light and not too hot. Our ceiling is suspended from plasterboard, we had to distribute the points, the contractor advised differently, not as I wanted at first. And exactly when it was ready, it became clear - it turned out gorgeous ... beauty !!!
Order services: Electrician services. Installation of LED lamps.
Golitsyno
Finally found a good electrician! I should have gone straight to your site. Sergey Viktorovich installed lamps in the office, I bought LED ones so that they light up quickly and the light does not tremble. I suggested my layout, but your master rejected it, said that the lighting would be uneven, advised a different order. The installation was carried out on a turnkey basis, that is, he did the wiring, installed the switches. The price came out as originally agreed. My recommendations.
Order services: Electrician services. Cabling. Installation of LED lamps. Installation of switches.
Stupino
I was urgently looking for a private electrician, the previous one just ran away. I bought LED lamps, I like them more. Yuri completed the installation perfectly and most importantly quickly. The price is normal, I definitely did not overpay)) Thank you very much!!!
Order services: Electrician services. Installation of LED lamps.
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The installation of LED lamps allows you to reduce electricity consumption by 10 times, compared with a simple electric light bulb, and by a third - with any other fluorescent lamps. At the same time, such light devices do not heat up.
LED lighting devices can be used in various conditions. The quality of such lighting is much superior to incandescent lamps. LEDs are perfect solution for decorating a house or apartment. Many of them support the option to adjust the brightness of the light. It is especially needed in order to save energy with a large number of lamps.
The site site carries out the selection of private masters who carry out the installation of lamps. It can be both built-in and overhead lighting fixtures.
Replacement of LED lamps - inexpensive, fast, high quality
Replacement of LED lamps of various types and functionality is carried out by our masters throughout the Moscow region. Electricians perform the installation and dismantling of lighting equipment in both residential and office premises.
For large areas, there are many solutions for optimizing illumination. Our experts will help you choose best option. After replacing conventional light sources with LEDs, problems such as:
- flickering light bulbs;
- noise emitted by limiters;
- frequent expenses for the purchase and replacement of fixtures.
The work is done with the utmost care. The service has an insurance fund that will cover the costs if poor quality services are provided to the client.
Price for installation of LED lamps
The contractors selected at the LIDER USLUG site perform the entire range of work in the shortest possible time. Dismantling and installation of equipment at the request of the customer is carried out on weekends.
The cost of installing LED lamps is estimated by the repairmen themselves. It will cost you 20% - 40% cheaper than in the company. The level of prices for installation remains affordable due to the fact that the site takes only a small commission for intermediary services. Calling an electrician is possible in any district of Moscow and the region.
The advantages of the project include a careful selection of performers. All professionals are trained. The system uses automatic algorithms for calculating the reputation of employees. Installation of LED lamps
The constant increase in the cost of energy resources, the need to save them, the urgency of preserving the environment have prompted humanity to use LEDs as light sources. Easy to install, easy to use, not having a negative impact on humans and nature in general, they are gradually replacing the recently popular compact energy-saving lamps.
So, in order to understand the advantages of LED lamps, you need to understand what they consist of and what their principle of operation is.
LED lamp device
The lamp consists of a set of LEDs that correspond to the total power of the lamp, a control circuit and a body with a reflector. LED lamps intended for domestic use are equipped with a standard E14 or E27 base to replace conventional incandescent lamps. The number of LEDs can be different - from one to several dozen, included in one chain and connected to the control circuit through a power supply.
Since the LED emits a significant amount of heat during its operation, it must be cooled. Radiators, to which LEDs are attached, do an excellent job of dissipating heat. It should be noted that a special thermal paste must be used at the point of contact between the LED and the heatsink, which ensures good heat transfer. Otherwise, with constant overheating of the LED, its service life is significantly reduced.
The photo shows several types of radiators for LEDs.
LED lamp circuit
The usual scheme for driving LEDs in a luminaire looks like this:
A quenching resistor and capacitance are installed at the input - they play the role of a step-down power supply. Further, since the LEDs are powered only by direct current, a diode bridge is installed that converts the alternating voltage to direct current. In the presented circuit, all the LEDs are connected in series, but this is not the only way to connect them. These "bulbs" can be connected in parallel to each other or in a mixed way, as shown below.
Parallel connection of LEDs. Be sure to connect a current-limiting resistor in series with each lamp to protect the LED from breakdown.
Mixed connection of LEDs. In this case, each group of series-connected lamps is connected in parallel with respect to each other.
The disadvantage of a serial connection is that if one element of the circuit fails, the entire assembly will not be able to work, since an open circuit has formed in the circuit. If the LED does not just burn out, but breaks down, then the circuit will not break, but since the supply voltage has remained unchanged, and the number of consumers has decreased, they will all start to work with overload and eventually burn out. This also applies to mixed connection schemes. The most reliable in this case is a parallel circuit for connecting an LED lamp, even if half of the lamps fail, it will be able to continue to perform its functions, albeit not at full strength. But such schemes are the most expensive, so they are used quite rarely.
How to assemble an LED lamp?
Thanks to modern technologies and the variety of LEDs that are sold in electrical stores and building supermarkets, it is not difficult to assemble a lamp from LEDs. First you need to decide what type of lighting is preferable for the selected room. For example, if this is a corridor in the hallway, then there is no need to install spotlights, but it will be more aesthetically pleasing to use an LED strip, which can be mounted independently by gluing it around the perimeter of the ceiling.
It is sold completely ready for installation, on the one hand its end is closed with a plug that protects the contacts from oxidation, and the other has lead wires that are connected to the power supply with polarity. Depending on the length of the tape and, accordingly, its power, it is necessary to select a power supply unit (LED driver) that could power the entire chain without overloading. Up to 60 LEDs can be placed in one meter of such a tape. As a rule, choose a power supply that has a power of 10-15% higher than the rated load. It is strongly not recommended to close such devices in small niches with limited ventilation, since LED drivers can generate a significant amount of heat during their operation. As an option - use power supplies with forced ventilation.
If the LED strip is quite suitable for the hallway, then for the hall or bedroom it will be too inefficient as the main lighting. It is used as a backlight in large rooms, and the main lamps are placed on the ceiling or walls for maximum comfort. When planning LED lighting, you need to take into account the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, the height of the ceilings in it, the shades of the surface of the walls and, accordingly, the power of the lamps. When the entire set of equipment is purchased, they begin to assemble the fixtures.
To do this, an LED is fixed on a heatsink with applied thermal paste. If the area of the radiator allows you to remove heat from several lamps, it is allowed to fix the nominal number of LEDs on it. How LED lamps are selected, articles on the Internet describe this process in sufficient detail. The main thing you need to pay attention to is their power and size. So, SMD LEDs are considered one of the most popular. They are labeled smd3528/1210, smd5050/5060 and smd5070 (the most powerful). The numbers in the marking of the LEDs indicate their size. For example, smd5050 is 5x5mm and smd5070 is 5x7mm. Due to their small size, such LEDs are used almost everywhere: in LED strips and lamps, in rulers and in other lighting fixtures.
LED lamps are divided into types:
- linear,
- ceiling,
- wall,
- industrial,
- spotlights,
- underwater version (for pools and fountains),
- LED controllers (for the implementation of color dynamics, for example, at discos or concert performances).
Luminaires can be equipped with motion sensors to significantly increase the life of the LEDs, which turn on only when necessary. Such equipment works great in the entrances of houses, long corridors of offices and in other places where constant lighting is not necessary.
There are ready-made fixtures that are equipped with radiators designed for the LEDs installed in it. If knowledge for self-assembly is not enough, then you can use ready-made solutions and purchase, for example, an LED lamp for the home - assembled LEDs on radiators. They are enclosed in a case that can be a decoration for any apartment.
Installation of the LED lamp
A variety of luminaires with LEDs allows them to be used in almost any place, including rooms with high humidity. But LED lamps emit a significant amount of heat during their operation, so their installation in the kitchen above the hob should be excluded. From additional heating and poor heat dissipation, the LEDs will not last long and quickly fail.
LED lamps have proved to be excellent in living rooms and bedrooms. They are great and without any problems mounted on any surface. This is how, for example, the installation of an LED lamp on a stretch ceiling takes place:
Guided by this simple scheme, such lamps are installed in the same way on plasterboard suspended ceilings.
But if in the room in which it is planned to install LED lighting, the ceilings are a monolithic concrete slab, then it is necessary to choose overhead or suspended lamps.
In this case, the fastening of the LED lamp or its suspended structure takes place directly on concrete surface using special holes in the body or other devices.
Connecting an LED spotlight
Attention! All work related to the connection of lamps to the mains must be carried out with the power turned off, in order to avoid electric shock!
Of course, in order to connect a spotlight, it is necessary to lay current-carrying wires to the place of its installation. If you plan to install a suspended or stretch ceiling, then in this case the wire is pulled into a corrugated plastic sleeve, which, in turn, is fixed with brackets on the ceiling.
After laying all the wires and installing LED drivers in a place convenient for their maintenance with good ventilation, a false ceiling is mounted. Next, holes are carefully cut out in it, corresponding to the diameter of the lamps, and the wires are carefully removed, which are connected to the terminals of the lamp. After connecting the lamp, it is installed in the cut hole, being careful not to break the lamp or damage the stretch ceiling film. Moreover, if the ceiling in the room is stretched, then thermal rings are necessarily installed on the lamp, which prevent the film from overheating. But for plasterboard ceilings, this procedure is not required.
Connection is made according to the scheme:
If the fixtures are assembled and connected correctly, then when voltage is applied to the power supplies, the lamps should light up.
How to replace a spot lamp in a lamp?
Of course, manufacturers of LED lamps claim a huge lifespan for their products, but if used improperly, LEDs can significantly reduce their lifespan and require replacement.
To replace a spotlight bulb, you must:
- turn off the voltage in the room or in the apartment;
- carefully remove the retaining ring that holds the protective glass;
- carefully remove the failed lamp and replace it with a new one;
- put the glass back in place and secure it with the circlip.
Replacement of lamps should be done with cotton gloves, so as not to damage the LED and not to leave grease on its surface, which is on our fingers.
After performing these operations, you can apply voltage and enjoy the results of your work.
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