How to open the electronic shield on the site. Scheme of the electrical apartment shield - single-phase version

Storey electrical panel or storey switchboard ok is designed for distribution and accounting of electricity for the apartments of the floor. To do this, various automatic devices for distribution, protection, electricity metering and other automation devices are installed in the storey electrical panel. Also, distribution devices for low current networks (telephony and computer network) are installed in the floor shield.

The floor board (ShE) refers to the accounting and distribution boards that combine power and low-current electrical wiring. Unlike control panels (ShU), which provide power to electrical installations and control them technological processes, SchE provide reception and distribution electrical energy by consumers. By the way, control cabinets manufactured by Megaholod will allow you to solve any tasks of automating refrigeration, ventilation equipment and air conditioning.

A distinctive feature of the SC is the presence of a low-current section and windows for external reading of electric meters.

Storey electrical panel - general characteristics

Floor electrical panel has two or three compartments. One for distribution or electricity metering and distribution. The second compartment is designed for low-voltage networks (telephony, Internet, signaling). All compartments must have separate doors.
The floor electrical panel with installed meters must have plexiglass windows, through which the meter readings must be clearly visible.
The floor board belongs to distribution boards of the 1st class and is made only of metal.
Typically, a floor shield is installed in a niche, but there is also a wall installation.
The doors of the shield must open at an angle of at least 95⁰.
The doors of the shield must be locked with a key or have a special locking device.

How to install a storey electrical panel

Of course, you do not have to mount storey electrical panels. It is enough to figure out how it is arranged and where what terminals are provided in it. Consider the device of the old and new floor boards.

Old floor shield

Consider, more or less, a standard old-style electrical panel (see photo), in good condition.

The floor board in the photo is intended for four apartments. It is divided into four parts.

For each apartment, an introductory circuit breaker and a group of automata to protect the group circuits of the apartment are installed. The group of far-right automata should belong to the far-right apartment on the floor.

Instead of circuit breakers in storey shield you can install combined releases (differential circuit breakers). They must be class B or C and have a switching capacity of at least 3000 amps. Let me remind you that the switching capacity is the ability of the device to work after a short circuit of 3000 amperes. That is, there was a short circuit in the circuit with a current of 3000 Amperes and the circuit breaker was knocked out. After that, you cock the machine lever and it works further.

I advise you to choose circuit breakers with a switching capacity of about 10,000 (ten thousand) amperes.

) for all apartments located on the landing.

However, current trends have changed the approach to the distribution of electrical energy and electrical panels began to be equipped directly in apartments. Several main reasons contributed to this, namely:

Lack of space in floor boards due to too much electrical equipment placed ( , vending machines, counters, etc.);
The need to preserve rather expensive electrical equipment from vandalism and theft;
Convenience - to turn off a group of consumers in the apartment, there is no need to go to the entrance;

There are electrical panels hidden and outdoor installation.

Distribution of the apartment electrical network into groups

To improve the safety and reliability of power supply, as well as greater convenience during operation and repair, the electrical network of the apartment is divided into groups. The most popular distribution of an apartment electrical network into groups is as follows:

By type of consumer - very well suited for small apartments, where consumers are divided into the following groups: lighting, kitchen sockets, air conditioning, boiler, washing machine, sockets in rooms and so on;
By premises - it is most expedient to use in large-sized apartments with a large relative energy consumption in each room: kitchen, corridor, Technical buildings, rooms and so on;
Quite often, a combined version is used, consisting of the methods described above;

Purpose apartment shield- this is an individual shutdown of the supply voltage for groups of electrical receivers, electricity metering, indication of the presence of phases, and so on.

Very often, to implement protection and shutdown schemes, the two most common options are resorted to:

All sockets are connected through the RCD to one machine. Lighting circuits are connected to another machine without the use of RCDs, and the third is used to power powerful consumers, such as a washing machine, boiler, air conditioner, and others.

The advantages of such a connection scheme:

Simplicity;
No need for additional junction boxes;
Small cost;

Disadvantages:

In the event of an accident, the entire group of consumers will be left without power supply;
The process of detecting a fault on the line is more complicated;

The circuit breaker combines the functions of powering lighting and sockets with the distribution of powers in junction boxes. In this case, potentially dangerous circuits must be equipped with RCDs.

Advantages:

Each zone of power supply is under control, which contributes to good management and fast finding of faults on the line;
Maximum protection;
In the event of an accident, almost all devices will remain connected to the network;

Disadvantages:

The dimensions of the shield are increasing;
Significantly increases the price of the project;

Circuit diagram of the shield

Shown below circuit diagram apartment electrical panel:

The shield circuit is made for single-phase input. It is conventionally marked on the diagram: L - phase of the supply voltage, N - neutral or zero working conductor, PE - protective earth.

More detailed diagram below:

Introductory circuit breaker - a circuit breaker designed to completely turn off the entire apartment in the event of an emergency or to force the entire apartment to turn off by the user.

An electric meter is a device for recording the consumption of electricity by a given room. Measurements are carried out in kWh. They can be either mechanical or electronic. Electronic electricity meters can be programmed and transmit energy consumption data to other electronic devices.

A differential machine is a device that combines the functions of a circuit breaker and an RCD residual current device.

Tires for connecting wires - complete electrical panels with at least two. One for connecting ground wires, and the second for neutral wires.

In the indicated shield there are two branches into separate groups (QA4, QA5). Group 1 has three branches (QA4) and group 2 has two branches (QA5). This option may be suitable for separate functional groups of the bathroom and kitchen.

Examples of schemes for apartment shields

The electrical installation of the apartment electrical panel is carried out on the basis of electrical circuit. If the shield is purchased as an assembly, then the electrical circuit diagram must be attached.

An example of a simple apartment electrical panel using an RCD is shown below:

For clarity, the sections and brands of cables that can be used for individual cable lines are shown.

On the right, the standard equipment of an ordinary apartment is shown. At the entrance to the apartment, they are installed in series with a differential circuit breaker or a conventional circuit breaker. There can be several groups of consumers in the shield.

In the example shown, the lighting and socket groups are protected by two BA63 circuit breakers with a rated current of 16 A, as well as an automatic machine with a rating of 25 A to protect the electric stove.

Quite often, air conditioners or washing machines are singled out as a separate group.

The electrical panel diagram for a multi-room apartment will look something like this (diagram on the left):

A differential circuit breaker is installed to protect kitchen outlets that use a large number of different electrical appliances. The differential load switch protects other objects - bathroom lighting, room switches and other electrical equipment.

Shown below are more complex scheme for the switchboard of a multi-room apartment:

In this case, an RCD VD63 with a differential current of 300 mA is installed at the input. This is due to the fact that the leakage current can be quite high due to the large length of the line, and when installing an RCD with a lower leakage current, false trips are possible.

The first three machines are needed to protect lighting circuits. A differential machine with a leakage current of 10 mA is used to protect the electrical equipment of the bathroom. This low trip current is necessary due to the increased risk of electric shock in the bathroom. A group of UZO VD63 and three automata protect sockets. Three-phase automatic VA63 and UZO VD63 protect powerful consumers, such as an electric stove. The last line of one UZO VD63 and two automatic switches VA63 are designed to protect the circuits of utility rooms and other premises.

Modern apartments, as a rule, are equipped with individual electrical panels. But the inhabitants of the old houses were not so lucky. The equipment is brought to the landing, and is designed for two, three and even four neighbors. The owners do not have the key to the shield. In case of knocking out traffic jams or life-threatening situations (for example, a fire), it is very difficult for them to get to the knife switch.

What is an electrical panel?

A modern electrical distribution board in a residential or working room is a compact, convenient and outwardly aesthetic panel, which is intended for modular mounting on this panel of special devices that serve to ensure the reception of electric current from external and general high-voltage networks, as well as the distribution of current through the internal electrical network apartments, houses or cottages.

The purpose of the switchboard is to control the admission of electricity to the apartments, and take into account the amount of its consumption. In addition, he is also responsible for the devices of the telephone and Internet networks.

General features of floor shields:

they are old (found in houses built in the last century) and new (in modern buildings), their difference is in the internal structure system;
each of them has at least two, and more often three compartments: one of them contains electricity meters, and the other is responsible for devices operating from low currents (Internet, telephone); any compartment is equipped with its own lockable door;
the compartment with metering devices should be equipped with special windows, from which the indicators of the devices are clearly visible;
the material for the shield in the entrance can only be metal with a set of necessary properties;
to install it, choose a recess in the wall on the landing;
sashes open freely at an angle of 95 degrees;
access for outsiders to the device of the shield is limited by means of a lock, the key is kept by the attendant apartment house electrician.
Types and types of electrical panels.

Surely, more than once they met abbreviations like: SHCHE, VRU, OSCH, etc. on the shields. all these intricate letters hide the essence of the devices, which is known to those who directly serve them, and sometimes even those who serve the switchboards get so used to the abbreviation that they do not think about their purposes. So, let's start considering the types and types of electrical panels from the main shield, the "king" of the shield ones.

Main switchboard (MSB).

The main switchboard is designed for input of power supply lines, electricity metering and distribution of supply lines for facilities. The device also serves to protect against short circuits and overloads in power supply networks. If we consider the hierarchy of switchboards, then the main switchboard is at the highest level. Main

the switchboard is most often located on the territory of a transformer substation (TP), boiler houses, and industries.

Introductory switchgear (ASU).

The device, which includes a complex of electrotechnical automation and structures, is used to receive an introductory power cable, distribute supply lines for SC, SC, SC, ASU, electricity metering, protect lines from overloads and short circuits. It is installed at the input of residential, public buildings, as well as in industrial premises(shops).

Emergency input of a reserve (AVR).

The ATS shield is equipped with special automation. ATS switches power from the main source to an additional one (generator) in the event of a failure of the main electricity supplier. After the accident is eliminated, the AVR will switch from the generator to the main line and after a few minutes the generator will be stopped. It is used in industrial, commercial, communal buildings, as well as in cottages.

Board floor (ShE).

Used in residential and administrative buildings for the distribution of electricity to 1 - 6 apartments.

The SC is mainly divided into three sections:

Distribution compartment (modular automation for groups of electrical circuits).
Accounting compartment ( electric meters).
Subscriber compartment (telephone, intercom, TV, radio, etc.).

Shield apartment (SC).

As a rule, it is located at the entrance to the apartment in the hallway area. The main purpose of the switchboard is electricity metering, distribution of group power lines in the apartment, modular automation protects the electrical circuit from overloads and short circuits. ShchK are consignment note and indoor installation, metal and plastic versions.

The apartment shield is subdivided:

ShchKU - residential accounting shield.
ShchKR - residential switchboard.

Lighting shield (OSCH).

Lighting boards are installed in administrative, retail and office premises, for infrequent operational switching on and off of automation. SCHO protects outgoing lines from overloads and short circuits.

Lighting boards are divided into:

OSHV (lighting shield with a switch).
UOSCHV (recessed lighting panel with a switch).

Control panel (ShU).

The switchboard is used to control automation, which are responsible for such mechanisms as: ventilation, heating, fire alarm etc. Adjustment of parameters is carried out manually.

How to open the electrical panel without a key yourself?

Familiarize yourself with the location and purpose of the driveway doors. Usually there are three. On the left are two doors: horizontal, and under it - square. Behind the first of them are automatic machines, and behind the second - electric meters. On the right is one vertical door, behind which low-voltage devices are placed, for example, antenna amplifiers and splitters, telephone terminal blocks. Sometimes there are shields of a different configuration. 2
Examine the locks on each of the doors. If they are equipped with protruding rectangular plates, any of them can be opened using pliers. The horizontal position of the plate corresponds to the vertical position of the tongue (the lock is open), and vice versa, when the plate is vertical, the tongue is in the horizontal position (the lock is closed). During overhauls the front panels of the access guards are sometimes replaced with new ones, where locks are installed, similar to those used in mailboxes. In this case, residents are most often given keys only to the door with automatic machines. Open and close it just like a mailbox.
When any of the doors is open, observe the following rules. Do not touch any metal objects inside the shield, even if you are sure that there is no high voltage on them - this may not be the case. Do not attempt to dismantle any items that do not belong to you. This even applies to the meter through which your apartment is connected - often it is the property of the power supply organization. Do not carry out any actions aimed at stopping or rewinding the meters, do not remove the seals from them. Do not turn off the machines through which other apartments receive electricity, except when necessary, for example, due to a fire or an electrical injury received by one of the neighbors.
If there are electronic meters with controls, you can, by opening the corresponding shield door, press the buttons located on them in order to find out the electricity consumption for the previous months, at different times of the day. Do this carefully so as not to touch nearby live parts. The procedure for controlling counters using the buttons is described in his instructions. It is not possible to rewind or stop it from the keyboard. Do not press the buttons on the counters of the neighbors.
If it is necessary to repair the electrical wiring, open the door behind which the machines are located. Find two of them marked with the same numbers as your apartment number. Having previously turned off computers and other devices that do not tolerate a sudden blackout, check through which machine the chandeliers are powered, and through which sockets. In an emergency, turn off the machines immediately, without waiting for the computers to turn off.
Please note that the bell and socket between the bathroom doors are usually powered through the same machine as the chandeliers. During the repair of the wiring, a person should stand next to the shield, making sure that no one approaches the shield and resumes the supply of electricity. Turn off and on the machines carefully so as not to touch their clamps and bare wires.
After completing work with the devices located in the shield, be sure to close all its doors and lock them.

Preventive electrical inspection

Checking the operation of the floor board should be carried out by a specialist from the management company, in whose statement the apartment building is located, at least once a year.

Unfortunately, this rule exists only in words. In life, the master comes to the call only after a breakdown or an emergency, and you want to avoid both. Or, let's say you buy an apartment and you need to assess the condition of the wiring.

You can carry out a preventive examination yourself, most importantly, follow the safety requirements.

For an independent audit of the access shield, follow these step-by-step instructions:

Inspection of the external state of the device. Everything is fine if it does not have serious cracks, chips and other defects, and the lock on the door closes tightly with a key.
Assessment of the condition of internal devices. The machines must be marked, and the cables and wires must be clearly and clearly signed.
Serviceability of contact connections. For junctions of wires with metal, the following rules apply: check for rust; inspect the bolted connections for the presence of washers, and tighten the nut better. After that, pay attention to the wire connections to the automatic meters.
Operation of switchboards. After all contacts are checked, nuts are tightened and bolts are tightened, it is necessary to check the serviceability of automatic devices. Return voltage to the electrical panel and turn on all automatic devices.

Further, everything is very simple. Press the test button ("test"). Devices that continue to work are faulty and need to be replaced. Before testing, you need to make sure that the contacts do not leave, otherwise the result will be unreliable.

Anton

Everything opens with a standard shield key. We have 2 types of them - one as for ancient castles with a beard and the second is just a figured piece of iron. Both types are sold in hozmagah or from huckster-keys in the market.

Konstantin

Indeed, there is no reception against scrap))))))) then those who will repair the shield will come to the forum.

Kolesnichenko Margarita

Screwdriver or something that has a flat shape

Burglars open doors different ways up to and including explosives. I don't yell. Here the approach is the same. Start with gentle ways and move on to rougher ones. Explosives are unlikely to be needed. Rough should include crowbar and drilling.

[email protected]

According to the idea, the key should be in the management company (in the housing office, for example).

Vadik

You can try to pour the solvent into the keyhole or not concentrated acid. "vdshka" is not sure what to do. Go to the housing office to complain. If there is an electrician in the same panel, then they must fix it themselves.

Yuri Morozenkov

pliers

Olga Kuznetsova

I opened it with my mailbox key. Uncle from the Future...

With a crowbar or a fitter :)))))) But in general, just press the door in the place of the lock and pull it back in the middle .... once and done... Just do not forget to close the back, otherwise they will be penalized :)))))) Or you can turn the entire lock with a powerful screwdriver. . but this is only if the lock tongue is rotary and not retractable ....

conclusions

To answer the question: how to open the shield in the entrance without a key, you need to try the following method.

In addition to the master key, a flat screwdriver is also suitable. It must be thin. Insert into the lock and try to turn. In most cases, it turns out with simple mechanisms.
If this the padlock, then you can try physical strength and scrap. Padlocks are easily opened with a mechanical lever or a master key. If the question further arises: how to open the electrical panel in the entrance without a key, then you just need to contact the specialists. Today there are companies that specialize in opening locks various types without a key and without damaging the locking mechanism.

What is an electrical panel?

A modern electrical distribution board in a residential or working room is a compact, convenient and outwardly aesthetic panel, which is intended for modular installation on this panel of special devices that serve to ensure the reception of electric current from external and general high-voltage networks, as well as the distribution of current through the internal electrical network apartments, houses or cottages.

General features of floor shields:

they are old (found in houses built in the last century) and new (in modern buildings), their difference is in the internal structure system;
each of them has at least two, and more often three compartments: one of them contains electricity meters, and the other is responsible for devices operating from low currents (Internet, telephone); any compartment is equipped with its own lockable door;
the compartment with metering devices should be equipped with special windows, from which the indicators of the devices are clearly visible;
the material for the shield in the entrance can only be metal with a set of necessary properties;
to install it, choose a recess in the wall on the landing;
sashes open freely at an angle of 95 degrees;
access for outsiders to the device of the shield is limited by means of a lock, the key is kept by an electrician serving an apartment building.
Types and types of electrical panels.

Main switchboard (MSB).

the switchboard is most often located on the territory of a transformer substation (TP), boiler houses, and industries.

Introductory switchgear (ASU).

Emergency input of a reserve (AVR).

Board floor (ShE).

It is used in residential and administrative buildings for the distribution of electricity to 1 - 6 apartments.

The SC is mainly divided into three sections:

Distribution compartment (modular automation for groups of electrical circuits).
Accounting compartment (electric meters).
Subscriber compartment (telephone, intercom, TV, radio, etc.).

Shield apartment (SC).

As a rule, it is located at the entrance to the apartment in the hallway area. The main purpose of the switchboard is electricity metering, distribution of group power lines in the apartment, modular automation protects the electrical circuit from overloads and short circuits. ShchK happen the consignment note and internal installation, metal and plastic execution.

The apartment shield is subdivided:

ShchKU - residential accounting shield.
ShchKR - residential switchboard.

Lighting shield (OSCH).

Lighting boards are divided into:

OSHV (lighting shield with a switch).
UOSCHV (recessed lighting panel with a switch).

Control panel (ShU).

The control panel is used to control automation, which are responsible for such mechanisms as: ventilation, heating, fire alarms, etc. The parameters are adjusted manually.

How to open the electrical panel without a key yourself?

Familiarize yourself with the location and purpose of the driveway doors. Usually there are three. On the left are two doors: horizontal, and under it - square. Behind the first of them are automatic machines, and behind the second - electric meters. On the right is one vertical door, behind which are placed low-voltage devices, such as antenna amplifiers and splitters, telephone terminal blocks. Sometimes there are shields of a different configuration. 2
Examine the locks on each of the doors. If they are equipped with protruding rectangular plates, any of them can be opened using pliers. The horizontal position of the plate corresponds to the vertical position of the tongue (the lock is open), and vice versa, when the plate is vertical, the tongue is in the horizontal position (the lock is closed). During major repairs, the front panels of the access shields are sometimes changed to new ones, where locks are installed, similar to those used in mailboxes. In this case, residents are most often given keys only to the door with automatic machines. Open and close it just like a mailbox.
When any of the doors is open, observe the following rules. Do not touch any metal objects inside the shield, even if you are sure that there is no high voltage on them - this may not be the case. Do not attempt to dismantle any items that do not belong to you. This even applies to the meter through which your apartment is connected - often it is the property of the power supply organization. Do not carry out any actions aimed at stopping or rewinding the meters, do not remove the seals from them. Do not turn off the machines through which other apartments receive electricity, except when necessary, for example, due to a fire or an electrical injury received by one of the neighbors.
If there are electronic meters with controls, you can, by opening the corresponding shield door, press the buttons located on them in order to find out the electricity consumption for the previous months, at different times of the day. Do this carefully so as not to touch nearby live parts. The procedure for controlling counters using the buttons is described in his instructions. It is not possible to rewind or stop it from the keyboard. Do not press the buttons on the counters of the neighbors.
If it is necessary to repair the electrical wiring, open the door behind which the machines are located. Find two of them marked with the same numbers as your apartment number. Having previously turned off computers and other devices that do not tolerate a sudden blackout, check through which machine the chandeliers are powered, and through which sockets. In an emergency, turn off the machines immediately, without waiting for the computers to turn off.
Please note that the bell and socket between the bathroom doors are usually powered through the same machine as the chandeliers. During the repair of the wiring, a person should stand next to the shield, making sure that no one approaches the shield and resumes the supply of electricity. Turn off and on the machines carefully so as not to touch their clamps and bare wires.
After completing work with the devices located in the shield, be sure to close all its doors and lock them.

Preventive electrical inspection

Checking the operation of the floor board should be carried out by a specialist from the management company, in whose statement the apartment building is located, at least once a year.

You can carry out a preventive examination yourself, most importantly, follow the safety requirements.

For an independent audit of the access shield, follow these step-by-step instructions:

Inspection of the external state of the device. Everything is fine if it does not have serious cracks, chips and other defects, and the lock on the door closes tightly with a key.
Assessment of the condition of internal devices. The machines must be marked, and the cables and wires must be clearly and clearly signed.
Serviceability of contact connections. For junctions of wires with metal, the following rules apply: check for rust; inspect the bolted connections for the presence of washers, and tighten the nut better. After that, pay attention to the wire connections to the automatic meters.
Operation of switchboards. After all contacts are checked, nuts are tightened and bolts are tightened, it is necessary to check the serviceability of automatic devices. Return voltage to the electrical panel and turn on all automatic devices.

Anton

Konstantin

Indeed, there is no reception against scrap))))))) then those who will repair the shield will come to the forum.

Kolesnichenko Margarita

Screwdriver or something that has a flat shape

Burglars open doors in various ways, up to explosives. I don't yell. Here the approach is the same. Start with gentle ways and move on to rougher ones. Explosives are unlikely to be needed. Rough should include crowbar and drilling.

[email protected]

According to the idea, the key should be in the management company (in the housing office, for example).

Vadik

Yuri Morozenkov

pliers

Olga Kuznetsova

I opened it with my mailbox key. Uncle from the Future...

conclusions

To answer the question: how to open the shield in the entrance without a key, you need to try the following method.

In addition to the master key, a flat screwdriver is also suitable. It must be thin. Insert into the lock and try to turn. In most cases, it turns out with simple mechanisms.
If this is a padlock, then you can try physical strength and crowbar. Padlocks are easily opened with a mechanical lever or a master key. If the question further arises: how to open the electrical panel in the entrance without a key, then you just need to contact the specialists. Today there are companies that specialize in opening various types of locks without a key and without damaging the locking mechanism.

Before you physically mount the switchboard in your apartment, you need to accurately determine on paper with the electrical panel diagram. Which modular equipment set, how many and what denomination will be circuit breakers, whether to mount differential automata and RCDs? What is the price of one or the other set? Most of these questions with the reduction of the schemes themselves will be displayed in the article.

It is worth noting that all the diagrams below are designed specifically for single-phase apartment shields directly located in your apartment. It is assumed that the metering board with a counter and an introductory machine is already in the floor board. Accordingly, its image is not present on the diagrams.

Regulatory documents and rules for shields

All schemes and housing shields must be assembled in accordance with regulatory documents and not contradict the instructions and rules prescribed there. First of all, this is of course the PUE, but there are two more documents that you should pay close attention to:

⚡ GOST 32395-2013 Switchboards for residential buildings. General specifications. ()
⚡ Set of rules for the design and construction of SP 31-110-2003 "Design and installation of electrical installations of residential and public buildings" ()

Requirements from the rules for housing shields

Notes and requirements from the above GOST that you should pay attention to when assembling and choosing an apartment shield:

Simplified diagram of the housing shield

This scheme is suitable for small one or two room apartments. Where the total length of all wires and cables does not exceed 300-400m.

The rated current of the input apparatus for apartments with electric stoves and a single-phase load must be from 40A and above.

Below are group cables that supply certain groups, indicating the brand of cable and its cross section depending on the load. Outgoing lighting circuits made with a 1.5mm2 cable are protected by a 10A machine, socket groups with a cross section of 2.5mm2 - 16A.

A bathroom is connected to the differential machine, i.e. sockets, lighting and all consumers in the bathroom are combined into one group. Moreover, the leakage current on the diff is 10mA.

Some electricians set it to 30mA, citing possible false positives. There is no specific prohibition in the rules, it is stipulated that this protection should not be more than 30mA. Why it is still better to put on 10mA, you can understand by familiarizing yourself with how a current of a certain value affects your body:

True, in stores, in order to purchase differential machines for 10mA, you will most likely have to place an order. Basically, devices with a leakage current of 30mA predominate in free sale.

The hob and oven are powered by separate groups, it is understood that these are two different consumers. If you have an electric stove, that is, when the hob and oven are together, you need to change the power cable and circuit breaker:

If you are worried about power outages and want to protect your equipment from surges, then you can slightly increase the cost of the circuit by adding a voltage relay to the input. Here, the UZM-51M relay is schematically shown as the easiest to connect (input-phase + zero and output-phase + zero).

Advantages of these schemes:

⚡ inexpensive
⚡ best option for small apartments
⚡ easy to install and connect

The big minus of the circuit is that if there is a current leakage in other lines except for the bathroom, the protection will not work.

This scheme can be improved by putting an RCD on the input. Before that, make sure that a circuit breaker is installed in the floor board where your meter is located, since it is forbidden to install an RCD without a machine. If there is already an RCD or difavtomat there, then it makes no sense to duplicate protection. The circuit with RCD at the input will be like this:

One caveat - if you have a total cable consumption in the wiring of an apartment of 400 m or more, then false alarms of the introductory RCD are possible due to total current leaks. Here it is already advisable to apply the RCD to separate groups, removing the introductory from the scheme of the apartment shield.

Electrical panel diagram in an apartment with RCD in separate groups

This scheme is already more perfect. It can be applied as small apartments, and in apartments with a total wiring length exceeding 400m. There is no introductory RCD here, since a load switch is enough (do not forget about the machine in the floor board with a meter).

The rated current of the input device is selected based on the permitted power for apartments with a single-phase load equal to 11 kW and the demand factor for apartments of superior comfort is 0.8.

There is protection against current leakage on separate groups of sockets and split systems (air conditioner). Moreover, one RCD protective device stands on the combined groups, each of which, in turn, is protected from overloads by automatic switches.

It is especially worth noting that each individual RCD needs its own tavern for zero. Otherwise, they will all work together synchronously in the event of a leak in any group of cables. And in order to find damaged wiring, you will have to physically disconnect the zero wires from the tires.

It is advisable to protect lighting lines from leaks if you use wall lamps with metal cases and periodically wipe them or change bulbs without turning off the voltage. In most cases, you can get by with simple automata.

The same circuit, but with a voltage relay:

The price of a complete set of apartment shields

Prices only for component modular equipment (automatic devices, RCDs, voltage relays, load break switches) different manufacturers to assemble all the above schemes are summarized in one table. Prices are taken from online stores and may vary significantly in your area.

Scheme name	Manufacturer and price
	IEK	ABB	Legrand	Schneider	KEAZ
Scheme No. 1	1700r	6700r	7300r	4300r	2100r
Scheme No. 2	1600r	6600r	7200r	4200r	2000r
Scheme No. 3	4200r	9200r	9800r	6800r	4600r
Scheme No. 4	2400r	6900r	8100r	5100r	2700r
Scheme No. 5	3400r	9700r	10300r	7500r	3700r
Scheme No. 6	5900r	12200r	12800r	10000r	6200r