Elena Polyakova
Project “Pineapple and its secrets. Growing exotic plants on the example of Ananas comosus ”(preparatory group for school)
Project: « Pineapple and its secrets»
(cultivation of exotic plants on the example of Ananas comosus).
Duration project: short term
A type project: cognitive-exploratory
Members project: children, parents, teachers.
Children's age: 6-7 years old.
Relevance project: The environmental problem is one of the most acute problems of our time. The future of mankind depends on the level of ecological culture of each person, his competent participation in their decision. Currently, on the shelves of our stores you can find all kinds of vegetables and fruits, including exotic for our area. Children are attracted to everything interesting and unusual. Learn about the most useful rainforest plants, exotic fruits and medicinal plants, which can be useful to a person in a tropical rainforest, the children were very interested and suggested grow in our group any one of the tropical plants, to grow to see for yourself and with your own eyes how it growing. The children were very interested in such a fruit as a pineapple. And got confused pineapple is a plant, bush or tree? During the implementation of this the project is supposed that children not only recognize the names exotic plants and their appearance but also their useful qualities. Through research, children will become familiar with the features of - pineapple(conditions of its growth, methods of reproduction). Children learn a lot of new words - concepts and names. In the process of work, the development of cognitive processes, feelings of sympathy will naturally occur. Of particular importance will be communication skills aimed not only at the conflict-free communication of children with each other, but also at a careful attitude to nature in general.
Object of study: pineapple thailand.
Subject of study: Process .
Target: Creation of conditions for acquaintance of children with exotic fruit(Thai pineapple) .
1. To form children's ideas about exotic fruit pineapple.
2. To form the ability of children to care for plants, meeting the conditions necessary for cultivation exotic fruit .
3. To educate children of 6-7 years old to respect nature and the world around them.
Hypothesis.
In conditions groups from the grassy part of the fruit perhaps grow large and beautiful herbaceous plant.
Problematic situation.
How grow this fruit, how a pineapple?
Work principles.
1.The principle of natural conformity: it is necessary to take into account the nature of the child - gender, age; build activities in accordance with interests and needs.
2.The principle of interaction and cooperation between children and adults: participation in the organization of educational work of teachers, parents and children.
Materials and ingredients for the experiment.
Fruit a pineapple, plastic cups, plastic plates, pot and earth and soil for planting.
Expected result.
Children are interested in growing exotic plants.
Children apply put into practice their theoretical knowledge.
Children independently display their observations by regularly sketching changes that occur with pineapple.
Parents are actively involved in project activities.
Relationship with other activities.
Organization of educational activities from the section "Formation of a holistic picture of the world" (educational field - cognitive development).
Conversations, observations ( educational areas: cognitive development, speech development, social and communicative development).
Implementation stages project.
1. Preparatory stage
Introduction to biological description exotic plant.
Conversation "What is a pineapple? What does it look like? Istrian origin.
Collection of information from various sources about exotic plant pineapple.
Help in forming a hypothesis.
Familiarization with useful properties pineapple. Conversation with children "Beneficial features exotic fruit pineapple» .
Conversation with children "Dishes from pineapple» .
- Conducting a survey with children:
1. What is a pineapple? Is it grass, bush or tree?
2. Do you know about the benefits of this fruit?
2. Practical stage
Organization of experimental - experimental activities.
1. Sprouting the roots of the grassy part of the fruit a pineapple.
2. Examination of the roots of the grassy part pineapple with a magnifying glass, fixing morphological changes.
3. Landing plants in soil and soil.
Study and implementation of care exotic plant.
Gathering information from various sources about caring for pineapple.
Conversations "How to take care of pineapple?» , "Where plants grow and how to take care of them, "What they love plants?» , "What way growing plants the lightest and most affordable?
Organization of the creation of an album with children about pineapple.
- Reading fiction : Farmer's Calendar, V. Bianchi.
Farmer's Calendar, N. Pavlova.
- Speech development:
Proverbs and sayings about plants.
Poems about pineapple.
Riddles about a pineapple.
Fruit riddles.
- Game activity:
Didactic games: "What is it?", "Learn by description", "Where what grows» , "Find and Name".
Outdoor ball games "Catch - throw, immediately answer", "I was born a gardener...".
Artistic - productive activity:
Painting « A pineapple» .
Painting « Exotic fruits» .
Application « A pineapple» .
modeling "Amazing nearby".
Health saving activity.
Conversation: "Benefit pineapple» .
- Joint and independent activities of children:
Examination of pictures, illustrations, photographs with an image exotic fruits
Painting plants by design.
- Working with parents:
Consultation for parents and teachers "How grow pineapple at home»
Brochure "History of culture pineapple»
3. Final stage
Co-designing a presentation Growing exotic plants, on the Ananas comosus example, on the territory of MDOU "Kindergarten No. 192".
Acquaintance with the experimental - experimental activities of children through the presentation.
Conclusion:
During our research work, we:
1. Learned what it is a pineapple;
2. We got acquainted with the biological description of this plants;
3. Learned the history of cultivation pineapple;
4. Learned about useful properties pineapple for man;
5. Familiarize yourself with the use pineapple in cooking how to eat it properly. We tried the fruit
6. Studied germination and sowing of a pineapple plant.
7. Planted a pineapple.
8. Learned all about caring for it exotic plant.
9. Recorded the growth process and morphological changes in the herbaceous plants pineapple.
10. Studied the conditions growing pineapple indoors.
11. Monitored growth and development pineapple.
12. Children have developed such skills as observation and work with material, the ability apply their knowledge in practice.
Thus, the hypothesis posed at the beginning of the work has been fully proved.
Pineapple is not just an exotic plant, growing in various countries of the world, but also material widely applied man in life, cooking, cosmetology and decorative culture ( plant growing in favorable home conditions). We proved that, from the grassy part pineapple you can grow a plant in a preschool.
Bibliography:
1.Book: Field practice in botany; Authors: M. M. Starostenkova, M. A. Gulenkova, L. M. Shafranova, N. I. Shorina Publishing House: Moscow, "Higher school» ;The year of publishing: 1990
3. Modern botany - In 2 volumes - Volume 1.
Raven P., Evert R., Eichhorn S. 1990
4. Bondarenko T. M. Ecological classes for older children preschool age . - Voronezh, 2004
5. Shipunova T. Ya. Ecological education of children preschool age. - Novosibirsk, 1994
6. S. N. Nikolaeva "Young ecologist" program. M., 2010
7. S. N. Nikolaeva "Methodology of ecological education preschoolers» M., 1999
8. M. M. Markovskaya "Corner of nature in kindergarten» , M., 1989
9. E. A. Rumyantseva « Projects in preschool educational institution: the practice of teaching children 3-7 years old ", Volgograd, 2013
10. http://indoorplants.com.ua/ ananas/vyrashchivaem-ananas-doma/
11. http://sovets.net/2030-kak-vyrastit-doma -ananas.html
The purpose of my work- grow an avocado plant at home.
project product will be an avocado plant.
To achieve this goal, I need to solve the following tasks:
- Collect material on the topic.
- Analyze the collected information.
- Collect and prepare seeds for sowing.
- Germinate and plant seeds.
- Observe and record plant growth.
Methods:
- Search for information on the Internet, in the library.
- Study and analysis of literature.
- observation, comparison.
- Agricultural practices for growing avocados.
Conclusions:
- After studying the literature on growing avocados at home, I learned that it is more efficient to propagate avocados (Avocado) can be vegetatively or by grafting.
- Therefore, I grow two more plants to obtain material on these propagation methods.
- Work on the formation of an avocado plant will continue.
Relevance of the topic: The impact of human activity on the environment is becoming more intense every day, which causes irreversible changes in the flora of the area around us. Today we cannot stop the processes of anthropogenic transformation of plant ...
The paper considers the unique properties of lichen acids. Relevance of the study: having determined the lichen substance with antibacterial activity, you can use Cladonia stellaria (Cladonia stellaris) as a natural antiseptic. …
With the advent of cheap potassium chloride on the market, potassium bichromate began to be obtained by the exchange decomposition (conversion) of sodium bichromate with potassium chloride. The disadvantage of this method is the production of waste sodium chloride contaminated with bichromate. Ran…
The work is devoted to the actual topic - the reproduction of parrots nymph cockatiel in the conditions of the sharply continental climate of the East Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Parrots of this species are second in popularity to keeping at home after budgerigars ...
from the experience of a primary school teacher MBOU "Secondary School No. 33" in Kazan Salimullina Yulduz Rafisovna.Explanatory note.
Changes in Russian education and transformations in society require a new approach to the learning process from the school teacher. In modern conditions of life, it is not enough just to possess a set of knowledge, skills and abilities, one must be able to acquire them in an increasing volume, to be able to apply them in real life, in a real situation.
In today's dynamically developing information society, it is really not so much knowledge that is needed as the ability to obtain it and the ability to apply independently obtained knowledge in all kinds of situations.
The formation of educational and cognitive activity is one of the main factors of learning that stimulates the development of younger students.
The project method is a joint activity of a teacher and students aimed at finding a solution to a problem that has arisen, a problem situation.
The ratio of the problem and the practical implementation of the results of its solution or consideration makes the project method so attractive for the education system.
Project and research activities make it possible to form on their basis the educational and cognitive activity of students, since structurally these types of activities are similar.
Student design is the process of working on an educational project, the process of achieving the intended result in the form of a specific “product” (project).
Student design is becoming a popular form of organizing the creative activity of students in educational institutions of various levels. In favor of its use, teachers find numerous and varied arguments. Student design gains prominence as a one-stop solution various problems education.
Including younger students in the project, you can form the following skills in them:
Determine the purpose of the activity, plan it, perform actions and operations;
correlate the result of the activity and its purpose;
control your actions.
Perform mental operations that are part of the project activity.
Conduct observations.
To put simple experiments, to build simple models of objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.
The implementation of the project is carried out with the aim of educating children, their civic position, their social orientation and adaptation in society, self-affirmation.
Project topics need to be clearly defined. The subject material must be built in an appropriate logical sequence, the educational and cognitive activity of younger students should be designed so that it reflects the logic of scientific and cognitive activity.
Working on projects, students get acquainted with the diversity of the world around them, get ideas about its structure, ways to gain knowledge about it, learn to independently extract information, systematize and generalize it; responsibility for their activities, respectful and equal interaction with partners is formed.
Such work prepares younger students for a deeper study of the foundations of science. Therefore, an important task is to equip students with methods of scientific knowledge. Most importantly, the teacher must convey to each student that they will learn to do independent research and do the work that scientists do. Training should be built on the basis of independent activity, reproducing the main points inherent in research and project activities. This requires an individual approach. I start teaching this type of activity from the first grade. I rely on a group of children and parents interested in preparing projects. The result of the work are various competitions. I use project technology in the classroom. It develops universal learning activities.
The competition of research projects “I am a young researcher” has become a tradition in our school. project activities in primary school I consider it relevant, because today, instead of assimilating ready-made knowledge, skills and abilities, it is necessary to develop the personality of the child, his creative abilities, independent thinking and a sense of personal responsibility. In my opinion, it is the project activity that allows students to acquire knowledge, helps to connect them with real life. Method educational project contributes to the formation of key competencies of students, preparing them for real life conditions. Brings the process of education and upbringing out of the walls of the school into the outside world.
I want to bring to your attention the design and research work of a 1st grade student on the topic: “The amazing is nearby. Growing exotic fruits at home.
Municipal budgetary educational institution"Secondary school No. 33 with in-depth study of individual subjects" of the Aircraft Building District of Kazan
1Bragina Yu.Yu. (Usolye-Sibirskoye, GOKU "Sanatorium Boarding School No. 4")
1. Bagrova L.A. I know the world. Plants. Children's encyclopedia. - M.: Publishing house AST, 2002. 510 p.
2. Bernie D. Trees. Facts, findings, discoveries. – M.: Makhon Publishing House, 2010. 64 p.
3. Tree life. – M.: Makhon Publishing House, 2014. – 32 p.
4. Cutler K., Russell T. Trees of the world. Illustrated encyclopedia. – M.: Eksmo Publishing House, 2014. – 256 p.
5. Kovalchuk V.P. Collection of methods for the study of soils and plants. - Kiev: Publishing house Trud-GriPol-XXIvik, 2010. - 252 p.
6. Mettle R. Big book about forests and trees. - M.: Publishing house Klever Media Group, 2014. - 56 p.
7. Neumyvalkin I.P. Aloe. Myths and reality. – M.: Publishing House of Dilya, 2008. – 128 p.
8. Pansyu M., Goteru J. Handbook. Soil analysis. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the COP "Professiya", 2014. - 800 p.
9. Purcell L. Trees: beauty and harmony. Photo album. – M.: Hummingbird Publishing House, 2013. – 544 p.
10. Ride J., Ride M. Trees heal. All about the healing power of trees. - M .: Publishing House "My World", 2006. - 144 p.
11. Fomin G.S., Fomin A.G. The soil. Quality control and environmental safety according to international standards. - M: Publishing House Protector, 2001. - 305 p.
12. Hession D. All about indoor plants. - M .: Publishing house Kladez-Buks, 2004. - 258 p.
13. Hession D.G. All about ornamental trees and shrubs. - M .: Publishing house Kladez-Buks, 2007. - 128 p.
14. Chamovits D. Secret knowledge of plants. What flowers and trees see, hear and understand. – M.: Tsentrpoligraf Publishing House, 2015. – 224 p.
On our planet, there is a huge variety of trees that amaze people with their amazing forms, fruits, and amazing beauty. We are all used to how the trees around us look like in everyday life, so if we see something that does not look like them, at first we cannot even believe that such unusual trees exists. V modern world many exotic trees are grown in room conditions. It's wonderful when a piece of the beauty of our planet is in your house on the windowsill. And it's just a miracle when you have your own decorative mini tree plantation.
Many exotic trees that are not typical for our Siberian climate can be grown at home. You experience a feeling of delight when a planted plant suddenly appears from the soil, and a fragile sprout gradually turns into a tree. This is your "Wonder Tree"!
Purpose of the study- monitoring the growth of exotic trees indoors and outdoors open field, studying the method of seed germination and plant growth with Aloe vera juice, the creation of bio-fertilizer based on natural components.
Were supplied tasks:
1. Study the literature on the variety of exotic trees.
2. Pick up and plant tree seeds.
3. Care for plants indoors for 2 years.
4. Watch the growth of trees in the open field in summer.
5. Learn methods of germination and growth of plants with Aloe vera juice.
6. Make a fertilizer based on natural ingredients.
The relevance of the study is related to the study of the germination and growth of ornamental exotic trees in indoor conditions, the improvement of their growth characteristics based on the use of Aloe vera juice and empirically produced biofertilizer.
The novelty of the chosen topic. For the first time, guided generally accepted methods, the author of the work independently at home made a liquid biofertilizer from natural components, the composition of which has no analogues. Experiments were carried out using fertilizer on indoor trees, practical results were obtained and conclusions were drawn.
The proposed hypothesis. Is it possible to grow a "Miracle Tree" with your own hands at room conditions? How to do it competently from a scientific and practical point of view?
The objects of the study were exotic trees that were independently grown by the author of the work.
Research methods:
1. Natural.
1.1. Observation of the germination of plants from seeds.
1.2. The study of tree growth in room conditions and open ground.
The research consisted in determining a number of plant parameters:
a) the external characteristics of trees in summer and winter period Years: plant growth rate, transplant survival rate, flowering;
b) the number of germinated seeds and the length of the first leaf using Aloe vera juice;
c) seed germination and external characteristics of grown trees after the application of biofertilizer.
2. Experimental.
2.1. The method of seed germination according to the international standard ISO 11269-1 and the use of the computer program CorelDRAW.
2.2. Preparation of a solution from natural ingredients (biohumus, vermiculite, birch ash, Aloe vera juice).
2.3. Determination of the acidity of the medium using universal indicator paper.
Practical significance. Research expands the understanding of growing exotic trees. The recommendations proposed in the work allow you to competently approach the germination of seeds and grow healthy, strong plants in the future. Liquid biofertilizer, first produced by the author of the work, can be recommended for practical purposes.
How to grow a "Wonder Tree" from an "ordinary bone"
Work started in October 2014. The idea of its creation appeared after reading a poem by K.I. Chukovsky "Wonder Tree". According to literary sources, the diversity of the planet's trees was studied and the first report was compiled. Trees are known to be the lungs of our planet. Without trees, man would not be able to exist on earth. There are many trees on our planet. According to famous biologists, there are more than one hundred thousand varieties of trees. Their diversity is amazing, and the beauty and splendor is mesmerizing. Scientists have long proven that trees have a beneficial effect on the human body. While walking through the forest, you get a charge of vivacity and a great mood.
There are magical and wonderful places on our planet where dairy, bread, sausage, cheese, candy, strawberry, chocolate, grape and melon trees grow. What are the most unusual and amazing trees in the world? According to the literature, species of trees were selected, the seeds of which can be grown in room conditions.
Shops sell lemon, orange, tangerine trees with fruits and I can’t believe that the same plant can grow in your house. Growing a lemon, orange, pomegranate from a seed is much more interesting than buying ready-made plants. The main thing, we must always remember that it is not difficult at all and quite accessible to everyone. Shop-bought fruit seeds are interesting because you never know what will grow out of them. Seedlings almost always do not retain the varietal characteristics of their parents. If everything is done correctly, the plants will be healthy, strong and initially adapted specifically to your home conditions. Over time, you realize that this is a rewarding job - for patient, caring and responsible "testers". Eat fruit, plant seeds and wait for sprouts - this is the beginning of your miracle.
Selection of tree seeds, their sowing and the appearance of the first shoots
At the second stage of the work, the question was raised: “Is it possible to grow a Miracle Tree at home?”. Seeds were planted to achieve this goal indoor trees, which were bought in a flower shop: Dwarf Pomegranate, Orpheus Nightshade, Red-leaved Hibiscus, several types of ornamental palm trees. These plants were chosen because they are not very whimsical for indoor conditions. In addition, fresh seeds of Pomegranate and Orange were taken to test the recommendations for growing trees from the "ordinary stone". Seeds of Pomegranate and Orange were planted in large quantities in order to conduct further experiments, as well as to create a useful vitamin herbal tea from the leaves of these plants.
Experience has shown that the seeds are capable of fairly good germination: Red-leaved Hibiscus sprouted after 7 days, Dwarf Pomegranate - after 12 days, Orpheus Nightshade - after 25 days (Fig. 1). However, several types of palms did not sprout and showed a negative result. The best seedlings were obtained from fresh seeds. Fresh seeds of Pomegranate and Orange sprouted very amicably - in 12-15 days and developed well (Fig. 2). Within 9 months, observations were made on the growth rate of trees in room conditions. In mid-June 2015, the plants were transplanted into open ground, where observations continued.
Hibiscus (after 7 days) Pomegranate (after 12 days)
Orange (after 15 days) Nightshade (after 25 days)
Rice. 1. Plant shoots
Rice. 2. Friendly growth of plants from fresh seeds on the windowsill
Observation of plant growth in the open field
The experiment continued in the summer period in natural conditions. All observations were made on suburban area(Usolsky district). The grown plants of Pomegranate, Orange and Nightshade were planted in open ground, without any additional shelter. For plants, the following indicators were studied: survival rate in open ground, growth (growth rate), flowering. All plants showed different results (Table 1). The best performance was noted for Nightshade. This plant took root very easily, grew well and gave abundant flowering. In second place was Orange, which had a slightly worse flowering compared to Nightshade. Pomegranate showed poor establishment (after transplanting plants had to create more shaded conditions), no flowering, but fairly good growth in height. At the end of summer, the height of the plants was measured and the total growth was estimated (Table 1). The best results were shown by Nightshade and Orange. During the summer, Nightshade not only bloomed very well, but by the end of August - beginning of September, the plants were "hung" with beautiful orange-red berries.
Table 1
growth parameters ornamental trees outdoors in summer
For the autumn-winter period, several plants of each species were transplanted into room conditions, where the study of their growth characteristics continued (Fig. 3), from the remaining plants of Pomegranate, Orange and Nightshade, leaves were collected for herbal tea.
Nightshade Orange
Rice. 3. Type of trees before transplanting into open ground (a) and after (b)
Seed germination method with Aloe vera juice
Given the fact that the seeds of several types of palm trees could not germinate, we decided to conduct an experiment on seed germination with a natural biostimulant, which was used Aloe vera juice. The seed germination method was carried out according to the international standard ISO 11269-1. According to the methodology and application of the international standard, wheat seeds were selected. In order for the experiment to be performed correctly, wheat seeds were taken tested, with good germination (variety "Irkutsk winter"). The action of Aloe juice, as a growth biostimulant, was experimentally tested on seed germination, growth and development of the tested ornamental trees. Not everyone knows that Aloe is a good growth biostimulant for other plants, which is due to its beneficial vitamin composition.
The experiment took place in several stages. Its implementation was carried out independently by the author of the work at home (Fig. 4).
Rice. 4. Stages of the experiment on the germination of seeds with Aloe vera juice (international standard ISO 11269-1)
Consultations regarding seed germination were held with employees of the Small School Academy on the basis of SIFIBR SB RAS, Irkutsk.
Experiment progress
1. Varietal wheat seeds were washed in purified water and 25 seeds were placed in plastic cups with lids (6 seeds).
2. 10 ml of water was added to each cup. Then only 3 cups were isolated and 3 drops of fresh Aloe vera juice were added to them. Thus, it turned out that the experiment was carried out in triplicate.
3. The experiment showed that seeds germinate much better with Aloe vera juice (23-24 seeds out of 25), without juice - worse (21-22 seeds out of 25). After 24 hours, the germinated seeds were transferred to special Petri dishes, where the experiment continued. 5 ml of water were added to the cups. Seeds that were originally treated with Aloe vera juice were in separate labeled cups.
4. On the 3rd day of the experiment, the seeds had good roots and the first leaf began to emerge. It was necessary to transfer the germinated seeds into special, higher cups for their further growth.
5. On the 5th day of the experiment, measurements of the first leaf of plants were carried out in a computer program (Fig. 5). To do this, the seedlings were removed from the cups and then they were scanned while maintaining the size of the resulting image. The resulting pictures were transferred to the CorelDRAW graphics program, where the length of the first sheet in mm was measured using a special ruler. The experiment showed that with Aloe vera juice, the length of the first leaf is 1.6 times longer (Table 2). Thus, during the experiment, it was proved that Aloe vera juice really improves seed germination and plant growth.
table 2
Values for measuring the length of the first sheet
Rice. 5. Measuring the length of the first sheet in the computer program CorelDRAW
Experiment to create a liquid biofertilizer based on natural components
The experiments continued, a liquid biofertilizer based on natural components was made. The composition of the fertilizer included: biohumus - a source of organic matter; vermiculite - a source of minerals; birch ash - a source of plant nutrients; Aloe vera juice is a source of vitamins. The composition of the fertilizer has no analogues. When creating it, we were guided by the advice of the employees of the Small School Academy and by reading special literature on caring for indoor plants. The experiment was carried out independently by the author of the work (Fig. 6).
Rice. 6. Stages of the experiment on the creation of liquid biofertilizer based on natural components
Experiment progress
1. On special scales, the following were weighed into separate cups: vermicompost - 20 g; vermiculite - 10 gr; birch ash - 1 gr. The work was carried out in duplicate. The components were poured through a funnel into flasks and filled up to the mark (200 ml) with purified water. Guided by the method of preparation of soil extracts.
2. The solutions stood for 24 hours, after which they were mixed and filtered. 20 drops of Aloe vera juice were added to each flask.
3. The acidity of the medium was measured in solutions. It turned out that the results correspond to pH 7, which characterizes the liquid fertilizer medium as the most favorable for the growth and development of plants.
At practical application With this fertilizer, we found that the seeds of Orange, watered when planting with biofertilizer, sprout much faster and more amicably (Fig. 7). However, before application, the fertilizer must be diluted. The following dilution showed good results: 1 part fertilizer + 5 parts water. It was also noted that spraying plants with liquid biofertilizer (Fig. 8) increases their growth rate and increases their aesthetics. appearance, the leaves of plants become more green and glossy.
Rice. 7. Planting seeds (a) and seedlings of plants using biofertilizer (b) and without (c)
Rice. 8. Results of treatment of Orange plants with biofertilizer
Conclusion
Studies have shown that even exotic trees can be grown indoors. It was found that growing exotic trees from stones is a difficult task, although very useful, not everyone dares to do this. First, it is necessary to unlimited patience, and secondly, you need to make an effort, because seeds and sprouts will need your constant attention. But the result will certainly exceed expectations.
In the course of the experimental part of the work, the following conclusions were obtained:
1. Trees must be transplanted into open ground in summer. Under natural conditions, plants have good growth, they bloom profusely, fruits appear, and in the future they better tolerate the winter period.
2. Aloe vera juice is a very good bio-stimulator for seed germination, and plants grown with the juice are healthier, stronger, and have better aesthetic characteristics.
3. Biofertilizer, prepared independently on the basis of a complex of natural ingredients (biohumus, vermiculite, birch ash) and Aloe vera juice, showed good practical results.
4. Exotic trees from fresh seeds (for example, Orange, Pomegranate, Nightshade), grown both indoors and outdoors, can be used for herbal tea, plant leaves contain a complex of vitamins and have beneficial properties.
Thus, if you wish and diligence, you can always grow an exotic tree on your windowsill. With proper care of the plant, you can get an excellent result. V ordinary apartment you will have your own "Wonder Tree". After all, growing plants is a combination of beauty, kindness and benefit. All you need is a little magic in your heart!
Bibliographic link
Shergina A.V. EXPERIENCE IN GROWING EXOTIC TREES (EXPERIMENTS USING ALOE VERA AND CREATING BIOFOODERNIUM) // International School scientific bulletin. - 2016. - No. 1. - P. 53-60;URL: http://school-herald.ru/ru/article/view?id=8 (date of access: 04/03/2020).
Ministry of General and Vocational Education
Sverdlovsk region
Department of Education of the Leninsky District Administration
Cities of Yekaterinburg
Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution
secondary school No. 93
PROJECT
Growing a sprout from a seed
Research
Pupils of the 4th "g" class
Zholudeva Taisiya
city of Yekaterinburg, 2015
Introduction
Type of project: research, educational
Project implementation period: short-term (4 weeks)
Relevance of the project: the project on growing plants at home is aimed at obtaining basic knowledge about cultivated plants growing in our region; how to grow and care for them.
Purpose: to study the theoretical data on the reproduction of flowering plants by seeds, the application of the acquired knowledge for the cultivation of several plant species.
Tasks:
1. Study the theoretical material on growing flowers at home.
2. Learn the rules for caring for seedlings.
3. To study the importance of light, heat, moisture, soil for the growth and development of plants.
4. Follow the growth and development of seedlings in practice
Project idea: Grow several types of plants on your own: marigolds, peas, nasturtium.
Project stages:
1. Collection necessary information about planted plants, conditions of growth and development
2. Preparation of materials for the project: seeds, soil, fertilizers, special pots.
3. Accumulation of material, preparation of a photo report, presentation of the project.
Object of study: the process of germination of plant seeds at home in winter
Research Hypothesis: Ability to Grow Cultivated Plants at Home in Winter
Theoretical data
What is a flower. Cultivation of plants by humans
Flowering plants or Angiosperms - a department of higher plants, distinctive feature which is the presence of a flower as a reproductive organ
The first flowering plants appeared about 140 million years ago. But these were very simple and few plants. Traces of the wide development and distribution of angiosperms appeared about 100 million years ago.
One of the most important directions in the evolution of the plant kingdom is adaptation to the changing conditions of earthly life. Flowering plants are the clearest expression of this feature and lead among all plants on earth's surface currently.
To the widest geographical diversity is added a variety of forms and methods of growth. The common duckweed that covers the surface of the pond is a tiny green shoot with a simple root submerged vertically in the water, and with very indistinct leaves and parts of the stem. The mighty forest tree of the century developed its complex system of trunks and branches, covered with countless branches and foliage, and under the ground a powerful, well-developed root system. Between these two extremes are endless species of aquatic and terrestrial grasses, creeping, upright or climbing, bushes and trees.
Man has been growing flowers since time immemorial. Monuments and documents found during excavations confirm that in different parts of our planet, long before our era, various flowering plants were grown to produce flowers and fragrant oils.
Floriculture is one of the areas of ornamental gardening. Floriculture is the cultivation of flower crops. They are grown to decorate parks, squares, gardens, various premises, to obtain cut flowers. Some plants are grown in open ground, others - in greenhouses, greenhouses, rooms.
This is an integral part of all crop production, it covers a group of plants that are not used as food, but serve to decorate the environment and interiors.
An important role in floriculture, as well as in crop production in general, is played by the rules for planting and growing cultivated plants, the timing and methods of obtaining and preserving seeds capable of producing high-quality sprouts.
Studying the processes occurring in the seed after planting, monitoring the growth and development of plants are ways to obtain theoretical and practical knowledge.
Reproduction of flowering plants
Flowering plants reproduce different ways. With the vegetative type of reproduction, all the characteristics of the plant are completely copied: flower color, height, features of the stem, root system, etc. For vegetative propagation, any part of the plant is needed - the parent, whether it be a root, stem or leaf.
Sexual reproduction involves the use of seeds. For most flowering plants, this method is optimal. In order to grow full-fledged plants from seeds, they need to be sown on certain rules subject to many conditions, such as: sowing time, temperature regime, soil characteristics.
SEED - the germinal stage of a seed plant, formed in the process of reproduction. Inside the seed is an embryo, consisting of an embryonic root, a stalk and one or two leaves, or cotyledons.
The seed is the basis of the existence of the modern flora and fauna. Without a seed, there would be no forests, meadows, steppes, grain fields on the planet, there would be no birds and ants, bees and butterflies, humans and other mammals. All this appeared only after the plants in the course of evolution had seeds, inside which life can, without declaring itself in any way, be preserved for weeks, months and even for many years. The miniature plant germ in the seed is capable of traveling long distances; he is not tied to the earth by roots, like his parents; does not need water or oxygen; he waits in the wings to get to a suitable place and wait for favorable conditions, to begin development, which is called the germination of the seed.
Seed germination, seedling growth
In most plants, even under favorable conditions, the seeds do not germinate for a certain time. At this time, in the seed, the processes of metabolism and energy conversion (in particular, respiration) almost stop, and the water content is no more than 10-15%.
For seed germination, a combination of such conditions is necessary: sufficient humidity, the presence of air, a certain temperature, and for some, even light.
Each plant species has its own requirements for seed germination conditions.
Once in favorable conditions, the seed absorbs water and swells. At the same time, its respiration increases, reserve nutrients are transferred into a form available for consumption by the embryo (for example, insoluble starch turns into soluble sugars). Some of these substances are used to provide the cells of the embryo with energy, and the other part is used to form compounds necessary for growth.
A plant from the moment of germination is called a seedling. First, the germinal root sprouts, and only then - the kidney. The root breaks through the seed coat and grows deep into the soil, as it reacts to the force of gravity of the Earth, and the shoot, on the contrary, rushes up to the surface of the soil. This direction of growth of the germinal root and shoot does not depend on how the seed is located in the soil.
During storage of seeds, some of the embryos may die from pest damage, drying out, or other causes.
Another condition for obtaining healthy seedlings is the correct sowing depth of seeds. When sowing at insufficient depth, the seeds can dry out and die due to lack of moisture. And, conversely, when sowing too deep, it is difficult for a seedling to break through a thick layer of earth and it appears weakened on the soil surface. In addition, the content of oxygen necessary for the respiration of seedlings decreases with depth in the soil.
Seed germination ends with the transition of the seedling to nutrition through the roots and other parts of the plant. Therefore, the creation of optimal conditions for seed germination, and, consequently, an increase in seed germination is one of the prerequisites for obtaining healthy and viable plants.
Practical part. Growing plants at home
Preparatory work
For growing plants at home, seeds of two types of flowers were purchased: marigolds and nasturtium. The choice was made taking into account the fact that these types of flowers are quite unpretentious in care, germinate quickly and give beautiful large flowers.
In addition, pea seeds were purchased for comparison, which also has a fairly short germination time.
A special flower soil was also chosen, containing all the minerals necessary for future plants.
The required amount of soil was distributed over three small pots for seedlings.
After studying the rules for planting each type of seed indicated on the package of seeds, we proceeded to planting and further monitoring of the seeds.
planted plants
TAGETS (Tagetes) - The Latin name comes from the name of Tadis, the grandson of Jupiter, who taught people to predict fate and find treasures.
Marigolds are native to South and Central America. In the 16th century, along with many plants (potatoes, corn, etc.), they were brought to Europe and North Africa, from where it quickly spread throughout Europe
Marigolds came to our country around the 18th century and were then called "African flowers". However, this name did not last long. The Russians called these flowers marigolds because of the velvety of their petals.
You can grow seedlings of marigolds on the windowsill on the sunny side. The soil should be loose, nutritious and fertile. At the time of sowing, the soil should be moist. Seeds are planted in grooves to a depth of 1 cm and at a distance of 1.5 cm from each other. After that, the seeds must be sprinkled with a layer of soil no more than 0.5 cm in height, watered and put in a warm place. Water the seeds should be no more than 1-2 times a day, as the soil dries. Seedlings should appear in 3-5 days.
Nasturtium (beauty, capuchin, tropeolum). Belongs to the capuchin family. The name comes from the Greek words "tropion" - trophies and "olos" - full (the leaves of nasturtium look like shields, and the flowers look like helmets, that is, they resemble the ancient weapons of a warrior).
In Russia, this plant, brought from Holland, was known as capuchin, which is associated with the shape of the flower itself, imitating the hood of a monastic cloak. Later, however, the name "nasturtium" stuck.
The plant is undemanding to growing conditions, with bright flowers. To grow nasturtium you will need fertile soil, good sunlight and frost protection. Seedlings should be placed on the brightest window sill or on a glazed loggia. Seeds are sown to a depth of 2-3 cm in 2 pieces. Nasturtium prefers moderate watering.
Peas are an annual herbaceous plant of the legume family, which has a fruit - a bean, and seeds - peas.
The history of pea cultivation goes back at least 3,000 years. In the Middle East, the remains of pea dishes were discovered, which are at least 10 thousand years old. Peas were widely cultivated in ancient India and ancient China, where they are a symbol of fertility and wealth. V Ancient Greece and ancient Rome, peas were the main food of the poor people. After the peas were brought from France, they quickly became very popular in Russia.
Before planting, pea seeds must be soaked for several hours. Seeds are sown in boxes or pots with moist and loose soil. Peas are sown very densely - every 1-2 cm in a row. Row spacing 2-3 cm. Planting depth 2-3 cm.
Pea care consists in watering, weeding, loosening and top dressing, protection from pests. When the seedlings get stronger and begin to grow, rods are substituted for the plants, clinging to which with antennae, peas can grow vertically.
First day
Planting marigold flower seeds
This is what marigold seeds look like, ready for planting
Planting peas
What dry seeds look like
Seeds must be soaked for several hours before planting.
Plant seeds after soaking
Planting nasturtium flowers
What dry seeds look like
Water after planting in a pot.
Inside the flower seed looks something like this
The peel protects the seed from external influences.
The endosperm is a storehouse of nutrients. Thanks to him, the plant can begin its growth after planting. When the seed germinates, the nutrients from the endosperm enter the root, stalk and bud through the cotyledon.
Cotyledon, bud, stalk and root - the embryo of the future plant. From the kidney - leaves, from the stalk - the stem, from the root - the root, from the cotyledons - the first 2 leaves.
From each part of the embryo and seed, a certain part of the plant develops.
All conditions were created for the growth of the plant: light, watering, warmth, care.
Seed germination has begun.
Schematically, the process of flower growth is as follows:
Or more clearly:
The first sprouts of marigolds appeared on the 4th day after planting
On the eleventh day after planting (the seventh after the appearance of the sprout)
Marigolds grow slowly. By the end of the second week after planting:
On the eighteenth day:
In three weeks, the height of the sprout was only three centimeters.
In 6-7 weeks such flowers should have bloomed
The first sprouts of nasturtium appeared on the 7th day after planting
Nasturtium grows rapidly, more than 1 cm per day. The reason for this rapid growth also in the fact that in winter there is little light in the room and the sprouts struggle to reach the window to get more sunlight.
Seventh day after seed germination
The sprouts reach for the light
Beginning of the second week after emergence:
Turn towards the light source
They grew quite large, more than 30 cm in two weeks.
The seedlings did not have enough light and heat to set flowers in winter. The first flowers should appear about two months after emergence.
Such nasturtium flowers should have bloomed
The peas did not germinate a single seed. Most likely, the seeds were old and did not have enough moisture and heat for sprouts to appear.
conclusions
Dry seeds contain the beginnings of future LIVING plants, but in a "sleepy" state.
Conditions for seed germination are light, air, water, minerals.
Seed germination begins when water enters the seed. Having penetrated into the seed, water causes it to swell - the seed slightly increases in volume. At the same time, reserve nutrients found in the endosperm and cotyledons pass into a soluble state and become available to the cells of the living embryo.
If there are few reserve nutrients in the seed, as happened with the seeds of peas and marigolds, then the development of the embryo occurs slowly or does not begin at all, and the embryo dies.
the importance of heat and light is very great. With a lack of lighting (winter period, dark rooms) plants tend to an available light source, stretch, leaves and stems become weak and light.
when planting, it is very important to follow all the rules for this plant: planting dates, hole depth, thermal and light conditions. Without these conditions, the desired result may not be achieved.
Bibliography
Raven P., Evert R., Eickhorn S. Modern botany, vol. 2. M., 1990
Collier Encyclopedia. - Open society. 2000.
"Biology. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. A. P. Gorkin; M.: Rosmen, 2006.)
www.wikipedia.org
