It's been a wonderful spring!
They were sitting on the beach
The river was quiet, clear
The sun was rising, the birds were singing;
Stretched for the river dol,
Quietly, luxuriantly green;
Near the wild rose scarlet blossomed,
There was an alley of dark lindens.
N. Ogarev (1842)
Estates in Russia began to appear in the 15th century, when land was granted for faithful service. In 1714, Peter the Great signed a decree "On Single Inheritance" in order to attract new people to serve in the army and put an end to the fragmentation of noble estates. Ownership of land was associated with the obligation to carry out public service, so the nobles rarely visited their estates. In the second half of the 18th century, Emperor Peter III signed a decree of February 18 (March 1), 1762 "On granting liberty and freedom to all Russian nobility." According to this document, the nobles were exempted from the mandatory 25-year civil and military service in peacetime, they could serve or not serve, freely travel abroad or live on their estate. After the issuance of this decree, many landowners moved to their family estates and with renewed vigor began to ennoble them, put them in order, rebuild, break up amazing landscape ensembles, by analogy with European landscape schools, but in the Russian manner and taking into account the climate. middle lane Russia.
Life in the estate was simple and calm, different from life in the city. For the location of the main house in the estate, a place was chosen on a hill, from where the most beautiful views to the surrounding nature. The entrance to the estate passed along the road through the main alley of the estate and, further, along the large circle of the front zone - parterre with flower beds and a lawn. Behind the manor house, as a rule, there was a regular French park. Sometimes a regular park ended with a greenhouse with outlandish plants. A separate part of the estates was assigned to fruit orchards and a vegetable garden, since the estates lived on subsistence farming. Some landowners were adherents of the English landscape park, which continued the regular French one and smoothly flowed into the groves and forests that bordered the estates. Cascading ponds and bridges, smooth winding paths, alleys of spruce, linden, birch, apple and cherry orchards, wild rose and lilac thickets, garden pavilions and gazebos - all this created the unique spirit of the landscape of the Russian estate.
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Russian writers and poets before the revolution, for the most part, were representatives of the nobility and had their family nest, their estate. Topic noble estate with its gardens, parks, groves and alleys ran like a red thread in Goncharov's Oblomov, in Turgenev's Nest of Nobles and Fathers and Sons, in Gogol's Dead Souls and in many other works of the classics of Russian literature.
One example of such a "small motherland" is the Turgenev family nest, now the State Memorial and Natural Museum-Reserve of I.S. Turgenev "Spasskoe-Lutovinovo" in the Oryol region, where the house and buildings are surrounded by an old park, laid out by the founder of the Spasskaya estate I.I. Lutovinov at the turn of the XVIII-XIX centuries. In Turgenev’s novel Nov, the estate is described as follows: “Right in front of the house, about two hundred paces, there was a flower garden, with sandy straight paths, groups of acacias and lilacs and round “flower beds”; Orchard, densely planted with apple trees, pears, plums, currants and raspberries; Directly in front of the house rose linden crossed alleys in a large continuous quadrangle. To the right, the view was blocked by a road obscured by a double row of silvery poplars; from behind a bunch of weeping birches one could see the steep roof of the greenhouse. "The alley was planted by the writer during his exile. In Turgenev's novel" Rudin "an arbor formed by a ring of lindens is described. Lilacs, honeysuckle, lindens, ash trees, oaks, spruces, poplars ... Many plants central part of Russia decorated Turgenev's estate.More than two thousand specimens of trees have been preserved on the territory of the estate to this day.
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The father's house of the writer Ivan Goncharov, located in Simbirsk on the Volga, had a chic garden and a large spacious yard. In his main works "Oblomov" and "Cliff" Goncharov returned his thoughts to the Volga region. Landscapes of Russian estates, pictures of native nature, gardens, natural forests and groves, the high bank of the Volga played almost a leading role in Goncharov's works. Goncharov's Russian landscapes are not as “combed” as regular French ones, and less theatrical than English landscapes, but very harmonious, like gardens near the Volga.
Another well-known garden and park ensemble, the memorial and natural reserve "Museum-estate of L.N. Tolstoy "Yasnaya Polyana", is located in the Tula region. The great writer lived and worked here for more than fifty years. The writer's grandfather, S.N. Volkonsky, the prototype of the old prince Bolkonsky from the novel "War and Peace", rebuilt and laid down the main appearance of the estate. Gardens, parks, ponds, a greenhouse, an entrance birch alley ("preshpekt") - all these elements of the landscape of the Yasnaya Polyana estate are repeatedly described on the pages of the novel "War and Peace "as the estate of Father Andrei Bolkonsky" Bald Mountains ":
"... The prince walked through the greenhouses, through the household and buildings, frowning and silent.
Can you ride in a sleigh? - he asked the venerable man, who was accompanying him to the house, similar in face and manners to the owner, the manager.
Deep snow, Your Excellency. I already ordered it to be scattered according to the prescript ... "
In Yasnaya Polyana, by decree of S.N. Volkonsky, an "English garden" was laid out - a small landscape park in the English style, with spindle trees blazing crimson-pink in autumn.
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The description of estates, their destinies, prosperity and decline by the classics of Russian literature is extremely interesting for historians and writers. But it is no less entertaining to look at the descriptions of Russian estates in the works of Russian writers through the eyes of a landscape architect.
In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Dubrovsky" figure of Prince Vereisky, fifty years old, is a type of nobleman who spent most of his time abroad, indulging in "excesses" through large incomes from his Arbatovo estate. The estate of Prince Vereisky was located on the banks of the Volga: "The Volga flowed in front of the windows, loaded barges sailed along it under stretched sails and fishing boats flashed by, so expressively called gas chambers. Across the river - hills and fields stretched, several villages enlivened the surroundings." Due to his love for the "scattered lifestyle", Vereisky was impressed by the landscape English style. The estate of Arbatovo amazed people with "clean and cheerful huts". The master's house was built of stone, in the style of English castles, "in front of the house there was a densely green meadow, on which Swiss cows grazed, ringing their bells. A spacious park surrounded the house on all sides." Vereisky did not like the luxury of the estate of his neighbor, a wayward Russian master, a retired general-in-chief, the landowner Troekurov. He, the owner of an English park, was alien to the ancient garden of the Troekurovsky estate Pokrovskoye "with its sheared lindens, a quadrangular pond and regular alleys." A.S. Pushkin, who wrote his novel in the early 19th century, in the 1830s, showed that Prince Vereisky favored English examples of green architecture as fashionable, vain and ambitious. And no wonder. After all, the regular French geometric style of parks, which came into fashion in the 18th century, at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, was replaced by the English landscape style everywhere in Europe. At the same time, another hero of the novel "Dubrovsky", wealthy Troyekurov, was conservative, had a kennel, an old garden in the Russian-French manner, and built a belvedere (tower above the roof) in a huge stone house to view his possessions. By the way, the Italian word belvedere, or French bellevue, means "beautiful view" in Russian.
In the 19th century, the volume of manor construction fell sharply. After the reform of 1861, many estates changed owners to manufacturers, industrialists, and merchants. Estates no longer brought quitrent to their owners, but demanded that they apply commercial management and management, as they represented large economic mechanisms, with buildings, parks and gardens that needed constant care. During the First World War, some estates were used as infirmaries. And after the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917, on the basis of the Decree on Land, all the lands of the landowners were nationalized, and the estates were either destroyed or transferred to government agencies- schools, sanatoriums, institutes. The parks were overgrown orchards died and fell into decay.
The estate heritage of Russia today, unfortunately, has not been fully preserved. "Family nests" of Russian writers and poets as historical and cultural monuments of federal significance, literary museums and landscape gardening ensembles, described in Russian classical literature, are of great historical value. Museum-reserve of A.P. Chekhov "Melikhovo", "Yasnaya Polyana" L.N. Tolstoy, the former estate of grandmother M.Yu. Lermontov "Tarkhany" (now the village of Lermontovo), memorial museum-reserve of A.S. Pushkin "Mikhailovskoye", museum-reserve I.S. Turgenev "Spasskoe-Lutovinovo", Nekrasov's estate in Karabikha, Ostrovsky's Museum-Reserve in Shchelykovo, Darovoe and Dostoevsky's estate, Museum-Estate "Muranovo" named after F.I. Tyutchev - this is just an incomplete list of estates surrounded by ancient parks, the description of which formed the basis of the golden fund of Russian literature.
Borisyuk Marina Alexandrovna,
engineer-physicist (specialty "Radiation safety of man and the environment"),
landscape designer,
Head of the program "Garden Avantage"
The literary places of Russia are an object of pilgrimage for many admirers of the talent of famous poets and writers. Where, if not here, do you feel the spirit of their works, do you begin to understand your favorite literary figure? Particularly reverent are excursions to literary places in Russia, where writers and poets spent their childhood and youth. After all, this is the cradle of the formation of their talent, worldview and attitude, which are reflected in subsequent work. Such, for example, are the family estates of L. N. Tolstoy, I. S. Turgenev, N. A. Nekrasov.
Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum
Tsarskoye Selo can be called a real forge of talents of the 19th century. It is from under the wing of this educational institution A. S. Pushkin, V. K. Kuchelbeker, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin and many other politicians and artists came out.
Founded in 1811 by order of Alexander I, the lyceum was supposed to train the elite of the future Russian society. For six years of study, young people received an excellent education, equal to a university one.
Of course, the most famous student whom Tsarskoe Selo knew was A. S. Pushkin. It was here that he began to write poems, still imitating Zhukovsky, Batyushkov and French romantic poets. And at the same time, the originality of the future genius is already revealed here.
The period of study is associated with another significant event in the life of the poet. It was at this time that his first small work, “To a Poet Friend,” was published. Graduates always remembered the years of study with warmth, sincerely worried about the fate of their beloved institution.
At the moment, the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum is a functioning institution where you can see with your own eyes the poet's room (he called it a cell), as well as the place of study and final exams, where Pushkin struck with the talent of eminent teachers.
A. S. Pushkin: Mikhailovskoye
I would like to tell you about two more places associated with the genius of Pushkin. The first is Mikhailovskoye. This is the family estate of the poet's mother, erected by his grandfather Hannibal on the Pskov land.
Connoisseurs of Pushkin's work, and just readers, having been here, note that the pictures of the nature of many works seem to have been written off by the skillful hand of the artist from these places. For the first time, the poet gets acquainted with the measured village life immediately after graduating from the Lyceum, in 1817. Pushkin is immediately fascinated by the beauty of the surrounding world and the dimension that prevails here.
Even after the hateful exile, Pushkin returns here again and again for inspiration, because it is in Mikhailovsky that he especially feels his poetic gift. The last visit to the estate is associated with a tragic event - the funeral of his mother, and a few months after that, the poet himself dies in a duel.
His grave is also here, in Mikhailovsky.
Boldino
Boldino autumn ... This period of Pushkin's life was marked by an unprecedented creative upsurge, which he felt while staying in Boldino, the family estate. His forced trip on the eve of the wedding with Natalya Goncharova was delayed due to the cholera epidemic raging in St. Petersburg. inspired by the future family life, the poet is at the highest peak of inspiration. Here he finishes "Eugene Onegin", writes most of the "Little Tragedies", "The Tale of the Priest and His Worker Balda", as well as "Belkin's Tale".
These literary places in Russia must be visited by everyone who admires the genius of the great Pushkin.
M. Yu. Lermontov: Pyatigorsk
There are places in Russia that are inextricably linked with the life and work of another outstanding poet of the 19th century - M. Yu. Lermontov.
First of all, it is the Caucasian resort city of Pyatigorsk. This place played an important role in the life of the poet. Lermontov's first acquaintance with Pyatigorsk happened in childhood - it was here that his grandmother brought him to improve his health, because the future poet grew up as a very sickly child. very impressed Lermontov. From childhood, he was also gifted in the field of drawing. Many picturesque watercolors came out from under his brush, depicting mountain landscapes.
To this day, hot baths operate in Pyatigorsk, where the poet was treated. His observations of the so-called "water society" are reflected in the story "Princess Mary".
The further service of the young officer is also connected with the Caucasus. Here Lermontov found his death. By chance, a tragedy occurred in Pyatigorsk. Deciding to end his service, he goes to the Caucasus for the last time, having rented with his uncle not big house ik.
Here they linger for treatment on the waters. On July 27, 1841, a fatal incident occurs with an old acquaintance Martynov. Here, near Mount Mashuk, the poet was buried, but after 8 months his ashes were transferred to the family crypt - M. Yu. Lermontov still rests there. Russia has lost another brilliant poet.
It should be said that the memory of the poet is sacredly revered in Pyatigorsk. The place of his last stay, the house where the quarrel with Martynov took place, the place of the duel and the initial burial of Lermontov - places that without fail visitors to the city.
Tarkhany
The Tarkhany Museum-Reserve is another place that is inextricably linked with M. Yu. Lermontov. In this estate he spent his childhood. Here, the life of a noble family of the 19th century is recreated with documentary accuracy.
In addition to the manor's house, the Keykeeper's House and the People's Hut are open to visitors. Also, visitors can honor the memory of the poet in the family crypt, where he is buried, and in the chapel.
The museum-reserve leads a very active cultural life: competitions and festivals dedicated to the poet are constantly held. The Lermontov holiday, which takes place here on the first weekend of July, has become traditional.
Museum of N. A. Nekrasov in Chudovo
Many poets and writers of Russia become more understandable if you discover their daily life, and even better, the conditions in which childhood passed. N. A. Nekrasov is no exception in this regard. From the school literature course, we know that it was children's observations of the difficult life of serfs that largely determined the direction of the poet's work.
The house-museum of N. A. Nekrasov is the place where the poet rested his soul from city life, hunted and received inspiration for new works.
It is located in Chudovo and is part of a large complex of the reserve of the same name. It is here that the famous “Chudov cycle”, 11 brilliant poems, was written. As a rule, Nekrasov hunted in these places. Here, the already seriously ill poet finishes his great work - the poem "Who in Russia should live well."
At the moment, the house-museum is a hunting house, in which, in addition to the rooms of the poet and his wife, there is a dining room, an office, guest rooms. By the way, there were quite a few of the latter here - many literary figures came here to hunt with Nekrasov: Saltykov-Shchedrin and Pleshcheev, Mikhailovsky and Uspensky. The building of the agricultural school is also presented to the attention of visitors.
The house-museum often holds exhibitions and programs for visitors of various ages.
Museum of F. I. Tyutchev in Ovstug
Tyutchev's family house-museum belonged to the poet's family long before his birth: in the middle of the 18th century, the poet's grandfather began building an estate on the lands that he received as a dowry after the wedding.
The poet's father, having received inheritance rights, begins to expand the house. Soon a chic estate in the spirit of classicism with a manor house, decorated with columns, with an outbuilding, grows here. Located on the banks of the river, it has its own island with a gazebo. This place becomes for Tyutchev a source of not only vitality, but also inspiration. The poet, glorifying nature in all its diversity, draws pictures from these places - they are so memorable to his soul.
Unfortunately, the estate was not given due attention, and it fell into disrepair, but a gradual reconstruction is underway. If initially excursions to these literary places in Russia were limited only to a rural school, now they cover the guest wing, as well as the church. Also, visitors can see a recreated windmill, a gazebo on the island and chic
Peredelkino
Listing the literary places in Russia, one should also mention those that are associated with the activities of this, first of all, Peredelkino. It is this place that is the focus of the dachas of the entire literary elite of the twentieth century.
The idea of building a village where Russian writers would rest, live and create belonged to M. Gorky. It was he who procured in 1934 this piece of land for these purposes. In a fairly short time, the first 50 houses were rebuilt. Among their tenants were A. Serafimovich, L. Kassil, B. Pasternak, I. Ilf, I. Babel.
Many post-war writers also build dachas: V. Kataev, B. Okudzhava, E. Yevtushenko. Here K. Chukovsky writes his beautiful fairy tales for local children.
The House of Creativity of Writers functions on the territory of the village, among the existing museums one can note the houses of B. Pasternak, K. Chukovsky, B. Okudzhava, E. Yevtushenko. Many writers and poets have found their last refuge here.
Villas of that time of great Russian writersVillas of that time of great Russian writers
Today, June 10, 2015, the Museum-Estate of L. N. Tolstoy "Yasnaya Polyana" turns 94 years old. Today we decided to remember and tell you about the estates and estates of the great Russian writers.
Museum-estate of L.N. Tolstoy "Yasnaya Polyana"
The foundations of the museum were laid by Leo Tolstoy's wife Sofya Andreevna, who carefully preserved not only the writer's belongings, but also the furnishings of the entire Yasnaya Polyana house.
She brought the letters stored in the estate into a system and provided assistance to researchers working on Tolstoy's biography. In the first two decades after the death of Lev Nikolaevich, his daughters Tatyana and Alexandra took a great part in the life of the estate, and the first guide to Yasnaya Polyana was written by the eldest son of the writer Sergei seven years before the official opening of the museum.
Fundamentals of Yasnaya Polyana
pawned by Leo Tolstoy's wife Sofia Andreevna
During the revolution and in the first years of the Civil War, the Tolstoy family nest was saved from pogroms thanks to the Yasnaya Polyana Society created in Tula and the Yasnaya Polyana peasants.
House of Leo Tolstoy
In 1918, the Council of People's Commissars adopted a special resolution, according to which the local authorities were obliged to protect the estate "with all the historical memories associated with it." The right to use the estate for life was assigned to Sofia Andreevna.
In 1928 Yasnaya Polyana
has already received 8 thousand visitors
On May 27, 1919, the People's Commissariat of Education issued Alexandra Lvovna Tolstaya a letter of protection for Yasnaya Polyana, which certified that the estate and all things in Tolstoy's house that have "exceptional cultural and historical value and are national treasures are under the protection of the state."
And two years later, on June 10, 1921, the government adopted a resolution according to which Yasnaya Polyana was declared a state museum-reserve. From now on, all estate plantings and buildings, including the interiors of Tolstoy's House, were to be preserved inviolable. The "commissioner-custodian of the museum" was to be responsible for this; the youngest daughter of the writer Alexandra Lvovna was appointed to this post.
Museum-reserve of I. S. Turgenev "Spasskoe-Lutovinovo"
The fate of the Turgenev estate after the death of the writer developed dramatically. Books, portraits, manuscripts, family values and memorable relics were distributed among the heirs. Many have disappeared forever. The empty house of Turgenev was destroyed by fire in 1906.
Spasskoe-Lutovinovo, the estate of Ivan Turgenev
Only thanks to the foresight of the new owners - the Galakhovs, the old library and memorial items were removed in advance and mostly preserved. In the years civil war and the turmoil of the estate turned out to be ownerless, poorly guarded.
The rest of the premises were dilapidated and plundered. Some buildings were demolished. For a number of years, Turgenev's estate was rented out - first to private individuals, later - to agricultural artels, a state farm and a local school. The pearl of the estate - Turgenev's park - ran wild, suffered greatly from logging.
The pre-revolutionary provincial museum, which nominally took care of the estate, despite the attempts of its head P.S. Tkachevsky, was powerless to stop the process of its desolation.
The turning point was the celebration of the 100th anniversary of Turgenev's birth in 1918. In Orel, in the house of the Galakhovs, nationalized for this purpose, a library-museum named after I. S. Turgenev was opened, which later had a beneficial effect on the position of Spassky-Lutovinov.
The surviving part of the Turgenev property - books, furniture, manuscripts, memorial things - were declared national property.
In 1918, the surviving Turgenev property
declared national property
In the autumn of 1921, the Soviet government adopted a legislative act on the protection of historical estates, natural monuments, parks and gardens. The Museum of I. S. Turgenev in Spasskoye-Lutovinovo was established on October 22, 1922 by order of the People's Commissariat of Education. In 1937, the reserve was elevated to the rank of an administrative unit and received the right to have a small economic staff.
In 1976, the house of I. S. Turgenev was restored in Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. Genuine items are returned here. Restored interiors. In September 1976, the memorial exposition was opened to visitors. August 28, 1987 by the decision of the Council of Ministers Russian Federation No. 351, it was given the status of the State Memorial and Natural Museum-Reserve.
"Tarkhany" - Lermontov Museum-Reserve
Tarkhany (now the village of Lermontovo) is the former estate of the grandmother of M. Yu. Lermontov, where the great poet spent his childhood and adolescence.
Tarkhany
Here he spent half of his short 26-year life. Here his ashes rest, and in the family chapel-tomb there is not only the grave of M. Yu. Lermontov, here is the grave of his mother, grandfather and grandmother. Next to the chapel is the grave of the poet's father, Yuri Petrovich Lermontov.
Lermontov Museum "Tarkhany"
is a monument of federal significance
Now in the village there is a museum-reserve "Tarkhany" - a unique historical and cultural monument of federal significance. The exposition complex includes a landowner's estate with a manor house, two churches built at the expense of the poet's grandmother: the Church of Mary of Egypt (on the estate) and the Church of Michael the Archangel (in the center of the village); the restored house of the key keeper and the people's hut.
Barsky Pond
The picturesque estate with ponds, gardens, parks, century-old lindens and elms keeps the memory of the time when the poet lived there.
In the Lermontov Museum "Tarkhany"
recreated the life of the first half of XIX v.
The museum-reserve recreates the life of the first half of the 19th century. Theatrical performances, balls, folklore holidays, congratulatory programs are held here, the “Tarkhan wedding” is played out, ancient Tarkhan crafts are taught at master classes, and visitors enjoy riding boats and horses.
Museum-reserve of A. P. Chekhov "Melikhovo"
Melikhovo is one of the remarkable monuments of Russian culture. Here from 1892 to 1899. lived and worked the great Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov.
Main manor house in Melikhov.
Melikhova is one of the main Chekhov museums in Russia, which is located in the vicinity of the city of Chekhov, Moscow Region. Here from 1892 to 1899 the writer lived with his parents and close relatives. Before leaving for the Crimea, Chekhov sold this estate, and after the revolution it fell into disrepair.
The decision to establish the museum as a branch of the Serpukhov Museum of Local Lore was made in 1939. In 1941, the museum opened to visitors, and Pyotr Nikolaevich Solovyov became its first director. In recreating the atmosphere of Chekhov's house Active participation accepted by the writer's sister - M. P. Chekhov and his nephew S. M. Chekhov.
Collection of the Chekhov Museum in Melikhovo
has more than 20 thousand exhibits
The museum reflects the activities of Chekhov as a writer, doctor, public figure. The collection of the museum in Melikhovo has more than 20 thousand exhibits. The museum contains paintings by artists - friends of the writer: I. Levitan, V. Polenov, N. Chekhov, P. Seregin and others.
Actors perform a story from Chekhov on the veranda of his house
at Melikhovo, June 2011
Melikhovo is a venue for concerts, theater and music festivals, exhibitions, Christmas trees. Its most interesting section is the creative heritage of artists from the Chekhov family.
The collection of photographs kept in the museum-reserve is the history of the life of the Melikhovo house, this is a genuine gallery of portraits of A.P. Chekhov and people close to the writer in his literary, theatrical and social activities
One of the first monuments to the writer in the USSR was erected on the territory of the museum in 1951 (sculptor G. I. Motovilov, architect L. M. Polyakov)
Memorial Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin "Mikhailovskoe"
The full name is the Mikhailovskoye State Memorial Historical, Literary and Natural Landscape Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin. total area The reserve is 9800 hectares.
Manor house in Mikhailovsky
In 1899, on the centenary of the birth of A. S. Pushkin, Mikhailovskoye was bought from the poet's heirs into state ownership. In 1911, a colony for elderly writers and a museum in memory of A. S. Pushkin were opened in the estate. Almost 20 years later, the estates of Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye, Petrovskoye were looted and burned.
On March 17, 1922, on the basis of a resolution of the Council of People's Commissars, the estates of Mikhailovskoye, Trigorskoye and the grave of A. S. Pushkin in the Svyatogorsky Monastery were declared protected. By 1937 (the centenary of the death of A. S. Pushkin), the poet's house-museum in Mikhailovsky, as well as some other buildings, were restored.
During the Second World War "Mikhailovskoe" was badly damaged.
It was restored by 1949.
During the Great Patriotic War The reserve was badly damaged, the buildings of the estates, the buildings of the Svyatogorsk monastery were destroyed, the grave of Pushkin was damaged, the ensembles of the estate parks were badly damaged. After the war, the restoration of the objects of the museum-reserve began, and by 1949 the Mikhailovskoye estate was restored.
Since 2013, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation, the State Museum-Reserve of A. S. Pushkin "Mikhailovskoye" received the status of "Attraction site associated with the life and work of A. S. Pushkin in the village of Mikhailovskoye and its environs in the Pushkinogorsk district of the Pskov region."
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
Museum-Reserve Mikhailovskoye The legendary noble estate of the greatest Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - "Mikhailovskoye", which was granted to the poet's great-grandfather - Abram Gannibal in 1742 by Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. The estate received its current name under Pushkin's grandfather, Osip Abramovich, who renamed the village "Mouth" into "Mikhailovskoye". 1824-1826 Alexander Sergeevich was serving a link here, which, according to Pushkinists, favorably affected the poet in terms of creativity. It was here that the best works of the "Sun of Russian Poetry" were created. In 1836, after the death of his mother, the estate became the property of A. S. Pushkin, and in 1922 it was declared a museum-reserve.
2 slide
Description of the slide:
The village of Bolshoe Boldino (as well as the district itself) is inextricably linked with the name of the Pushkins, in particular with the name of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, the great Russian writer and poet. Of course, the main attraction is the State Literary-Memorial and Natural Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin
3 slide
Description of the slide:
The estate is located in the Belinsky district of the Penza region, the village of Lermontovo (Tarkhany).
4 slide
Description of the slide:
The village of Konstantinovo, Rybnovsky district of the Ryazan region, is located on the picturesque high right bank of the Oka, 43 kilometers northwest of Ryazan. Here, on October 3, 1895, the great Russian poet Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin was born. The poet spent his childhood and youth in Konstantinov. In the central part of the village is the State Museum-Reserve of S. A. Yesenin.
5 slide
Description of the slide:
The estate of A.P. Chekhov - Melikhovo is located near the M2 highway, in the vicinity of the city of Chekhov, Moscow Region. Here from 1892 to 1899. A.P. Chekhov lived with his parents and close relatives - one of the main Chekhov museums in Russia.
6 slide
Description of the slide:
Estate of Leo Tolstoy Yasnaya Polyana. The estate is located in the Shchekino district of the Tula region (14 km southwest of Tula), founded in the 17th century and belonged first to the Kartsev family, then to the Volkonsky and Tolstoy.
7 slide
Description of the slide:
If you continue moving towards the Oryol region, then after 130 km, before reaching Mtsensk, there is another estate Spasskoe-Lutovinovo. This is the state memorial and natural museum-reserve of I.S. Turgenev.
8 slide
Description of the slide:
"Karabikha" is the State Literary and Memorial Museum-Reserve of N.A. Nekrasov, created in 1946. In the 17th century, the village of Bogoroditskoye was located near Yaroslavl, at the beginning of the 18th century, Prince Nikolai Golitsyn became the owner of the village and its environs, and by his order, the Karabikha estate was built on Karabitova Gora not far from the village. The son of Nikolai Golitsyn, Mikhail, being the governor of Yaroslavl, makes "Karabikha" his front residence and reconstructs the family estate. His son Valerian took part in the Decembrist uprising, was exiled to Siberia and then to the Caucasus. "Karabikha" was sold. In 1861, the poet Nikolai Nekrasov bought it for a summer vacation.
The theme of Russian nature is found in the works of Pushkin and Lermontov, Tyutchev and Aksakov. Even the city writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky describes the beauty of forests and fields, as if he saw it all with his own eyes. And so it is: famous poets and writers loved to come from the capital Petersburg to the Moscow region, to quiet and cozy family estates. Today we can see with our own eyes what once so worried the recognized classics of literature - ponds and rivers, alleys and gardens. What are the most beautiful writers' estates in the Moscow region that have survived to this day?
To show on the mapThe village of Zakharovo is the only place available today associated with the childhood of A.S. Pushkin. From 1804 to 1811, the estate belonged to the poet's grandmother, he came to her for a vacation for several years in a row. Village life, Russian nature, communication with his grandmother and nanny had a strong influence on his work - Zakharovo is called Pushkin's poetic homeland. In the poems of the lyceum cycle ("Message to Yudin"), as well as in later works: "Memories of Tsarskoe Selo", "History of the village of Goryukhin", "Dubrovsky" the poet describes the places of his childhood. It is known that Pushkin came to his small homeland before the wedding. Today Zakharovo, together with the village of Bolshie Vyazemy, is part of the State Historical and Literary Museum-Reserve of A.S. Pushkin. Such a connection is fully justified - the village of Zakharovo did not have its own church, so the young poet went to the service in Bolshie Vyazemy - the Church of the Transfiguration has existed there since the 17th century.
Since the reign of Peter I, the village of Bolshiye Vyazyomy belonged to the Golitsyn family. Since 1813, the Russian writer S.P. Shevyrev. Here he was engaged in a description of the rich library of the Moscow Governor-General D.V. Golitsyn. Shevyrev was a Slavophile - he substantiated the identity of Russia, it was he who owns the popular ideological cliché about the "decaying West." Shevyrev was a good friend of N.V. Gogol, helped him proofread manuscripts, prepared works for publication. Nikolai Vasilievich himself also visited Vyazemy and spoke well of the hospitable host. Thanks to the care of Shevyryov, after the death of the writer, a collection of his works was published.
The Russian symbolist poet Alexander Blok did not like traveling, so for 36 years in a row, starting from birth, he spent the warm season on the estate of his grandfather, Academician A.N. Beketova. The marvelous nature of the Moscow region, simple village life set Blok in a romantic mood: "And the door of the ringing balcony / Opened into lindens and lilacs, / And into the blue dome of the sky, / And into the laziness of the surrounding villages." Shakhmatovo became Blok's spiritual homeland, more than 300 poems were written there, and the most important lyrical works, including the cycle "Poems about the Beautiful Lady". The poet's muse itself, which inspired him to create, lived nearby in Boblovo, the estate of the scientist D.I. Mendeleev. His daughter Lyuba became the girlfriend, bride and wife of the poet, his very Beautiful Lady.
Since 1826, the Serednikovo estate belonged to the grandmother M.Yu. Lermontova, E.A. Arsenyeva. The young poet came to her for the summer from 1829 to 1832. The atmosphere of the estate near Moscow influenced the formation of the poet, he wrote here more than a hundred poems, the poems "Mtsyri" and "Demon". by the most vivid impression acquaintance with E.A. Sushkova. The young girl often came to Serednikovo from neighboring Bolshakov. Catherine struck the sixteen-year-old Lermontov in the heart. Before leaving for Moscow in 1830, he dedicated to Miss Black-Eyes, as her relatives called her, the poem "To Su": "Close to you until now / I have not heard fire in my chest ...".
“If I am a doctor, then I need patients and a hospital; if I am a writer, then I need to live among the people,” Chekhov wrote in one of his letters. In 1892, Anton Pavlovich acquired the Melikhovo estate, where he was able to fully experience the life of the common people. The writer dug a garden with his own hands, planted trees and put the old estate in order. Here he worked in his main specialty - he received patients. A.P. Chekhov loved people very much, so he not only treated the peasants, but also tried to improve their life in general. At his own expense, the writer opened three schools, equipped libraries, and took exams himself. Literary historians call this period "Melikhov's" - close contact with people enriched Chekhov's work. Almost 40 works have been written in Melikhovo: "Ward No. 6", "A House with a Mezzanine", "The Man in a Case", stories and novels about the Russian village: "Guys", "On the Cart", "New Dacha" and others.
It is believed that the Muranovo estate is associated with the work of the poet Fyodor Tyutchev. This is true, but only in part. F.I. Tyutchev has never been here, but his son Ivan Fedorovich collected and preserved the legacy of his father and other relatives: the poet E.A. Boratynsky, writer N.V. Putyaty, publicist I.S. Aksakov. The estate belonged to the Boratynsky family, in 1869 Ivan Fedorovich Tyutchev married the granddaughter of E.A. Boratynsky and moved to Muranovo. The family museum includes things, photographs, books and autographs, transported from St. Petersburg, Moscow, the Tyutchev family estate Ovstug. The Muranovo estate became the first literary museum in Soviet Russia - its creation was approved by V.I. Lenin. Thanks to the care of the Tyutchev family and heirs, Muranovo is a unique example of a well-preserved noble nest that keeps not only the memory of poets and writers, but also original interior items of the 19th century.
In 1837 S.T. Aksakov received an inheritance and retired from public service. After a long search, in 1843 he acquired the Abramtsevo estate. Here Aksakov got everything he wanted: marvelous nature; a river full of fish; forests and fields teeming with game. Resettlement to his estate was a new stage in life for Sergei Timofeevich. Here his best works were created: "Notes on the fishing of fish", "Notes of a gun hunter of the Orenburg province", the story "Family Chronicle", "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson", the fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower". Essays about hunting have not lost their relevance even today, and all children know the fairy tale about the beauty and the beast. Until his resignation, Aksakov served as a censor, and also wrote critical notes about the theater and literary works. So he met the writers N.V. Gogol and I.S. Turgenev; historian M.P. Pogodin and actor M.S. Shchepkin. All these famous people visited the writer in Abramtsevo near Moscow - they walked in the park, hunted, drank tea on the veranda of the house.
The Ostafyevo estate was acquired by Prince A.I. Vyazemsky at the end of the 18th century. The owner built a big house in classical style to arrange receptions and balls. The unofficial name "Russian Parnassus" was given to the estate by A.S. Pushkin - so many creative people have been to Vyazemsky's evenings. Among them: the poet V.A. Zhukovsky, fabulist I.I. Dmitriev, historian A.I. Turgenev, diplomat and playwright A.S. Griboyedov. Writer and historian N.M. Karamzin was married to the eldest daughter of A.I. Vyazemsky, and for 12 years he lived in Ostafyevo, where he worked on the History of the Russian State. The next owner of Ostafyevo was the prince's son Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky, a poet and critic. Childhood memories of the estate, meetings with famous people were reflected in his poems: "Village", "Parent's house, "Rural church", "No, I can’t see my Ostafyevsky house ... ". The third owner of the estate, Pavel Petrovich Vyazemsky, studied ancient Russian literature, published "Remarks on" Word about Igor's regiment. The poet's son significantly expanded the manor's collection of paintings, drawings and art, created memorial cabinets for Karamzin, Pushkin and his father.
Since 1822, the village of Pokrovskoye-Rubtsovo belonged to the historian and writer Dmitry Pavlovich Golokhvastov, he inherited the land from his father. According to A.I. Herzen, who accounted for Golokhvastov cousin, then Dmitry Pavlovich was an ideal person: educated, rich, had no bad habits, regularly attended church. And he had only one passion - for horses. The authorities liked such employees, so Golokhvastov succeeded in his service - he worked as chairman of the censorship committee and trustee of Moscow University. It was he who demanded from N.V. Gogol to change the title of the poem "Dead Souls". Golokhvastov was also interested in Russian history and published several articles in the Slavophile magazine Moskvityanin. After the death of the Golokhvastovs, the Morozovs bought the estate. At the beginning of the 20th century, the family of the manufacturer invited playwright A.P. Chekhov, artists Serov, Polenov and Levitan.
