In the soap and steam room, the lamps should be sealed. Silicone seals are better than rubber seals (the latter break down faster, and the fixtures lose their tightness).
You can read more about lamps in articles on: lighting,.
In general, in the steam room and washing are acceptable only light sources, and even switches for them, should be located outside these rooms.
LIFE HACK! Make a small loop on the wire before leading the wire into the luminaire body - this will prevent condensation from flowing inside.
In order for the lighting to be safe, it is worth putting an RCD on the lighting group. 30 mA is enough to protect a person.
220, 12 or 36 volts?
Installation of wiring in wet areas is always associated with the choice of voltage of the installed equipment. Many are inclined to believe that it is safer to install 12 or 36-volt light sources. We are talking about economical halogen lamps or LED strips Oh. 36-volt there are also conventional incandescent lamps.
How to conduct electricity to the bath with your own hands, if you need to connect a step-down transformer for a certain group? Modern transformers have very modest dimensions and are quite capable of being placed inside the switchboard. But that doesn't mean it's the only place for them.
You may well put a transformer directly in front of the wiring for lighting the steam room and washing.
An important point when choosing a transformer is to determine its power. Since it depends on the total power of the light sources, you should add everything and add 20-30% over.
In addition to the transformer to power the LED strip, you can use power supply. First you will need to find out what is the power of this tape per meter, and then multiply by the number of meters.
Switching power supplies that are used for LED strips are made in different cases - plastic, aluminum and open. Despite the fact that aluminum is the heaviest, it is also considered the most durable and reliable.
IMPORTANT! Don't forget to add margin if you don't want the transformer or PSU to burn out too quickly.
It is worth noting that with RCD the danger of the same incandescent lamps in the steam room becomes minimal. And halogens or LEDs have their drawbacks - the former are short-lived, the latter are intolerant of high temperatures and are sensitive to fluctuations in the current strength in the network. And the RCD or difavtomat is able to protect against electric shock in the network at both 220 and 380 volts.
ADVICE! Monthly it is worth checking the performance of the RCD - just do not forget to press the "test" button at such intervals.
Sockets
The outlet group is just as important. To begin with, let us clarify that you can put sockets everywhere, except for all the same steam room and washing.
Sockets are designed for different current strength- 10 and 16 amps. You should estimate approximately what load will be on the sockets in order to choose the appropriate option.
The calculation formula is simple: we sum up the power of the connected electrical appliances and divide the sum of watts by 220 volts.
You can go from the opposite: for a socket with a current limit of 10 A, the connected power limit is 2200 watts. For 16 A - 3520 W.
Depending on the choice you made, circuit breaker, which you put in the shield, must match the outlet in terms of current rating. For a 10 A socket, a 10 A switch.
What does it give? If you connect several consumers to one 16 A socket, for example, 4 kW in total, then the current in the network will be 18 A, which without a circuit breaker would lead to overheating of the socket and, possibly, a fire. And it will just turn off and that's it.
How to select the cable section will be discussed a little later.
Power group
It is customary to single out the most powerful consumers, such as an electric furnace, as a special power group. It is clear that they will also be powered from sockets, but their difference from the socket group is that for them, other parameters are selected, designed for a large current strength.
For example, if you have a 10 kW electric stove, then the current in the 220 V network will be 45.5 A. For such cases, use special power sockets capable of withstanding the high power of the electrical appliance.
In addition to a special outlet, the power group will require copper cable of a larger cross section than other wiring.
Well, he will protect her. own RCD with automatic or difavtomat.
Cable installation on walls
Email wiring in the bath is connected by a number of standards described in the PUE. Since we have already given extensive excerpts from this document, we will now state the essence briefly.
Briefly about the choice of brand and cable thickness
The bath is a humid, and in some places also a hot room, so in order to properly conduct the wiring, you need to choose the right cable with insulation that will not be affected by these adverse factors. In the premises, in addition to the washing and steam rooms, PVC insulation, NYM and VVGng cables can be used.
It is highly not recommended to lay wiring in the washing and steam rooms. It is permissible to make holes in the wall, insert metal cartridge cases and lead through the wall wiring to light sources in these premises. In this case, the switches are made outside!
But, since even a small piece of wire that will be in the steam room will be exposed to high temperature, and its insulation will collapse in a short time, it can be recommended to lead the wire into a steam room with insulation from silicone rubber– RKGM or PRKS, for example. It can withstand temperatures up to 170 degrees.
The thickness of the cable depends on the future load, but we immediately recommend taking the section with a margin. You already know how to calculate the current strength (we divide the power by the mains voltage), now find the appropriate section in the table (not forgetting the reserve):
Differences between wiring in different rooms of the bath
Wires can be laid as open wiring, and inside the walls. The standards for a bath are contrary to the standards for a wooden room. Therefore, we will consider this: again outside the steam room and washing it is better to lay the cable on the surface, and in the steam room and washing room - do not put at all. If the bath is not wooden, you can do hidden wiring.
open wiring should not be in a metal sheath. Plastic corrugation, cable channels and twisted wiring on ceramic insulators are acceptable. It is also desirable to lay strips between the wires and the wall heat insulator.
Useful video
You may need a report from one of the owners of the bath about the purchased and installed electrical equipment:
And here is another good video that you can use as an instruction:
In contact with
Today, everyone can afford to have their own steam room on personal plot or cottage. But, in addition to the pleasant prospects provided by the bath, a number of questions arise about how the wiring in the bath is organized with your own hands. The main stumbling block in this matter is the high humidity and temperature in the room, which classify it as especially dangerous in accordance with clause 1.113 of the PUE.
Under such unfavorable conditions, electrical appliances and other items electrical network very quickly collapse and fail, and dielectric materials are covered with a layer of conductive moisture. Which creates a significant risk of electric shock in emergency situations. Therefore, in order to carry out electrical wiring and other electric installation work in the bath, in accordance with current regulations, it is necessary to study the requirements of the PUE.
Requirements according to PUE 7
According to clause 2.1.4 of the Electrical Installation Code, electrical wiring can be installed in an open or hidden way. This division of wiring in the bath is relevant for various types walls, when it is possible to develop strobes or in the absence of such.
Due to the fact that some rooms are fire hazardous, and damp rooms contain a large amount of condensate, when laying wires in an open or hidden way, all lines must be protected from non-combustible material in accordance with clause 2.1.42 and from moisture, clause 2.1.43 of the PUE.
With open wiring, for example, along wooden walls the non-combustible lining underneath should protrude 10 mm to each side. It is also necessary to observe a gap of 10 mm from the wire to combustible materials in accordance with clause 2.1.37 of the PUE. For hidden wiring, a fireproof coating is located along the entire length in accordance with clause 2.1.38 of the PUE. But it is strictly forbidden to place wiring in a metal pipe or corrugation in accordance with the requirements of 7.1.40 PUE.
For the sake of safety, all metal constructions– lamp housings, heating furnaces, household appliances etc. must connect to protective earth in the wiring of the bath, the conductors have double insulation, the elements of the circuit are inaccessible. To protect a person from electric shock in electrical panel an RCD must be installed. These measures are subject to the requirements of clauses 1.7.50 and 1.7.51 of the PUE. It should be noted that when lighting fixtures and other devices are powered by low voltage in accordance with clause 1.7.53 of the EMP, it can be performed without arrangement.
What mains voltage to choose?
Due to the different need to provide the desired level of power, the wiring in the bath can power both lighting fixtures, and then in small rooms, and powerful equipment. Because of this, the type and level of voltage used differs:
- Single phase network e - is used at an average level of load on the wiring in the bath from 1 to 14 kW. In this case, the entire bath is powered by single-phase networks with a voltage of 220 V.
- Three-phase network- used to load the wiring in the bath from 20 to 40 kW, when an electric furnace, underfloor heating and other powerful electrical devices(water heating boilers, pumps, etc.).
- Single phase reduced- allows you to power the bath with a safe voltage of 12 V or 36 V, which can be used to illuminate the steam room in the bath without endangering a person. Actual for small baths With low ceilings, in which the lighting system is the only consumer for leashes.
After selecting the voltage level, a wiring diagram is drawn up, taking into account the locations of all consumers.
circuit design
To draw up a wiring diagram in a bathhouse, you need to determine the number of connection points to it - lighting devices, sockets for specific equipment, switches, etc. It should be noted that the switches, as well as junction boxes, are strictly forbidden to be installed in the steam room, they must be located in the locker room or dressing room. Washing is also not suitable for this due to the presence of moisture. The wiring in the steam room should not be brought closer to the stove or chimney closer than 80 cm, these requirements must be taken into account at the design stage.
Figure 1: a simple wiring diagram in a bath
Look at the picture, here is one of the simple examples bath electrification. The wiring is connected by two independent outputs, each feeding its own socket and a group of lighting lamps. This option will help you calmly leave the room if a short circuit occurs in one of the sections, since there are often no sources of natural light.
If you plan to install specific equipment, such as a water heater or a washing machine, they should have a separate line in the wiring diagram with a larger conductor cross section than for a lamp. Washing machine and the boiler must be installed in dry conditions. In this case, they should also be displayed separately on the wiring diagram.
Selection of wires, switches, fixtures
For the compiled wiring diagram in the bath, all its components are selected: wires, sockets, switches and lamps. The brand of cable is selected in accordance with the conditions in each of the bath rooms (high temperature and humidity).
According to the material of the current-carrying core, the wiring in the bath can be copper and aluminum, but due to the better mechanical and electrical parameters, the choice should be made in favor of copper wires. The main parameter for any of the cable brands is the wire cross section. The size of the section is selected based on the load connected to the corresponding section of the wiring.
How to choose wires and sockets according to the load?
For example, you are going to connect two 100 W light bulbs, plug in a 1 kW electric kettle and a 4 kW electric floor heating. Thus, to calculate the cross section, add the power consumption of all consumers P = 0.1 + 0.1 + 1 + 4 = 5.2 kW. It is necessary to add 20 - 30% margin of safety to the obtained power value, for our example we get 6.24 kW. To select a specific cross-sectional area for wiring according to the power of the consumer or the magnitude of the electric current, you must use ours or the table data:
Table 1: wire size selection
Look at the table, for a power of 6.24 kW, copper wiring with a core cross section of 4 mm 2 or aluminum wiring of 6 mm 2 is suitable. If you have drawn up a power supply circuit with wiring separation for various consumers, then it is advisable to perform the procedure for calculating the cross section for each a separate section, but the conductor material for wiring must be the same.
The socket, like the wiring, has a certain size bandwidth by current. Therefore, the choice of nodes for connecting to the mains voltage should be made in accordance with the connected devices. For example, for a refrigerator, it is enough to install a 10 A socket, but for a boiler, depending on the power, you will need 16 or 24 A.
For the steam room
The requirements of GOST R 50571.12-96 establish such a division of the steam room into zones:
Rice. 2: division of steam rooms into zones Look at the picture, all zones are rebuilt in accordance with the location of the stove, even electric, even solid fuel. In relation to laying the wiring cable and installing other equipment, these areas have the following requirements:
- The first is intended exclusively for the stove, if it is an electric heater, then the wiring for connecting it;
- The second is considered the most loyal in terms of wiring requirements; no norms are provided for it;
- For the third zone, there are requirements for equipment that must normally withstand temperatures of 125 ° C or more, and wiring 170 ° C or more;
- Only lamps, sensors and regulators can be installed in the fourth zone, but their wiring is selected, as for the previous bath zone.
For internal wiring in the steam room, heat-resistant cables, for example, PVKV, PRKS or PMTK, should be used.
Lamps in the steam room must have a metal case to which grounding is connected, a sealed glass cover with at least IP24. Models with a plastic body or parts should not be chosen for connecting fixtures, as they can melt and deform, due to which moisture will penetrate inside.
Rice. 3: steam room light For dressing rooms, changing rooms, rest rooms
These rooms are characterized by much less stringent requirements for location and wiring characteristics. But they must also comply with all the requirements of the PUE for saunas.
It is also better to use sealed lighting devices with a degree of protection of at least IP24, but models with a polymer case or Plexiglas can also be used, since the temperature in these rooms is much lower. Good for wiring. Sockets must have a protective locking device that prevents the free penetration of moisture from the environment.
Entering the wiring in the bath: air or underground?
According to the method of cable entry into a stone or wooden sauna, air or underground laying is distinguished.
Rice. 4: air line laying example The first option has a number of advantages - installation by air is carried out quite quickly and at a lower cost, except in cases where you need to install supports before a wooden building. For air laying, it is most relevant to use a self-insulating wire (SIP), the number of cores in which is determined by the choice of three-phase or single-phase electrical wiring. The following distances must be observed:
- Between supports no more than 25 m;
- The height of the SIP cable entry into the building is at least 2.75 m;
- The distance of the sling boom to the ground is not less than 3.5 m.
Due to the fact that underground input requires the development of a trench for cable laying, such a procedure takes much more time than air laying. But when laying underground cable entry, the line itself is much less exposed to atmospheric factors and wind loads, so it lasts much longer.
Rice. 5: example of cable laying underground When laying underground input, the following requirements must be observed:
In addition to the long laying process, the underground placement of the cable also requires additional measures to protect against accidental damage during earthworks near its route.
Wiring method: open or hidden?
The advantages of open wiring in the bath include ease and speed of installation, the absence of labor-intensive preparatory work, and accessibility for repairs. The disadvantages of the open method of laying wiring include its damage and interference with the interior of the bath.
The advantages of hidden wiring include much higher reliability and security of wires throughout their entire length. Among the shortcomings of internal wiring are long preparatory work and wall chasing, which is not always possible to perform.
Installation and connection step by step
The whole process of wiring installation in the bath can be divided into three main stages. Compliance with the above sequence will allow you to perform work efficiently and without unnecessary loss of time. Get started with installation:
switchboard
Sockets and switches
lighting devices
Be sure to check the performance of all devices in dry conditions before starting operation. Make sure that the protection automation is working, this will save you from the consequences of mistakes made even before the start of operation of both the bath itself and the wiring in it.
Video guides
Electrical wiring in the room high humidity requires a special approach. If there are no skills and knowledge in the field of electric power industry, then it is better for professionals to do the work. Even a simple circuit must be collected from special materials and by all rules. It's not scary that the system can close in a wet bath, but an improperly executed electrical system can kill a wet person. How to make wiring in the bath according to all the rules and what mistakes are made, we will talk in this article.
Wiring in the bath made by professionals.
It is necessary to install the wiring in the bath in accordance with the requirements of the PUE (rules for electrical installations). Rules for wet and dangerous buildings have their own regulations. According to the documentation, fittings can only be placed in the dressing room, the steam room and the washing department are not intended for such nodes. All lamps must be under protective covers, and not simple ones, but with tight connections.
It is better if the wiring in the bath is done by professionals, but if you have knowledge in this area, you can do everything yourself. Wiring in the bath can be done according to a simple scheme. Modern designs are multifunctional, so the power supply circuit is mounted complex. In such a bath can be located: lamps, an electric oven, a moisture meter and a temperature sensor, infrared or awning warm floors, sockets for a TV, a hairdryer, a refrigerator. In addition to everything listed in modern designs, there can be a pool with lighting, pumping station, heat gun.
Why is incorrect wiring dangerous?
Steam is dangerous in the bath, as it consists of particles of water, which is an excellent electrical conductor. Therefore, if you install a socket or switch in places where steam is accessible, condensate will settle on the elements and a fire or short circuit may occur. Before installing the wiring, specialists will make the necessary calculations and draw up a diagram that cannot be performed without knowledge. Services are not cheap, so in most cases they perform the system on their own. But this must be done in accordance with all rules and regulations.
Installation of sockets and switches in the bath is easier to do with a special nozzle on the drill. Before installation, it is necessary to draw a diagram where all nodes (sockets, switches, branching boxes) will be drawn. At the same time, it is worth considering in advance what and where will be connected. Only after that the total power of all sources is calculated and it is determined which cable, section and size is needed.
Rules and regulations for the placement of the electrical system in baths
For a bath, wiring is carried out in a separate line from the main switchboard. This is done in order to protect the owners and create a separate ground loop. Wiring should not be conspicuous and does not fit in the corners, opposite the doorways. To the centers of heating: stoves, pipes, generators is located no closer than 1.5 m.
Electrical wiring in the bath can be mounted in two ways:
- Hidden: used in brick or block baths, unacceptable in wooden. It is carried out in special slotted channels with additional asbestos insulation.
- Open: wiring is allowed directly along the wall, used in wooden structures.
Wiring is carried out according to several basic rules:
- Power is passed through an AB or a residual current device (RCD), and light is passed into the steam room or into the washing room through a step-down transformer.
- For wiring, it is better to use a copper non-burning cable of the VVGngLS 3x2.5 type.
- All the main elements: electrical panel, current distribution box, central switch are mounted only in the dressing room.
- For wooden bath from the room to the neighboring wiring is thrown through drilled hole right in the wall. A ½ inch metal tube is inserted into it for safety. In no case should you drill a hole at the joints and seams, only in the middle of the link.
- It is necessary to isolate the wiring using a special corrugation made of plastic or metal. It will not allow the system to ignite, and if damaged, the rock will simply melt. Under all sockets and switches, a metal or asbestos plate is also mounted.
- Wiring in wooden structures cannot be hidden in transitional ceilings and under the floor, the entire system must be open. For greater security, asbestos material can be attached to the bottom of the wall.
- It is necessary to connect the wires to each other using terminals; it is unacceptable to twist the wiring.
Also, do not use vinyl or rubberized wiring in the bath. It is optimal to use corrugated H07RN-F, VVGng-LS 3x1.5.
How to run the cable to the bath
Wiring let into the bath not through through hole in a log is considered incorrect. If the bath is located in close proximity to the main house, then there will be no problem. It will be more difficult to throw the wire on a separate bath. In such cases, it is necessary to install the power wire to the bath from the main electrical panel.
According to the installation method, there are two ways to bring the electric wire to the bath: ground and air. Air conduction is more accessible, since for work you just need to put additional supports in the form of pillars. For the line, a SIP cable is taken (self-supporting insulated wire). It can be tensioned without additional construction of cables, and the service life is more than 20 years.
SIP is thrown over the poles to the bath and injected through a special hole with metal pipe or asbestos insulator.
The ground method of pulling the electric wire to the bath is more complicated and requires material and physical costs. But on the other hand, the line will not be visible and the landscape will not have to be spoiled by pillars. For installation, they take a copper durable cable VBbShv 3x2.5, armored. It is acceptable to use not armored, but then it will be more vulnerable and it is hidden in a special protective metal pipe. The cable is buried at least 700 mm deep, and the laying points are marked, for example, with bricks or decorative stone. This is necessary to simplify the search for possible damage or replacement.
When the wire is connected, it is necessary to correctly install the shield.
How to properly mount the shield
The first thing to do is to choose the right place for the electrical panel. The main rules to be followed are:
- The electrical panel is placed in a dry and ventilated place. Condensation must not accumulate on internal parts designs.
- Access to the electrical panel must always be available.
- The place should not be darkened, it is better if natural light enters the shield.
- The top of the box should be at least 150-180 cm from the floor.
- If the wiring is single-phase, then a three-core cable will do.
What to consider when drawing up an electrical system diagram
The wiring in the bath must be in special insulation. When drawing up a wiring diagram for a bath, the location of electrical appliances and other components is taken into account. They can only be installed in dry rooms. This is due to the rules fire safety and the fact that corrosion on parts will form less. If the device is plastic, then its mechanism still has metal parts.
There are devices on which protection is installed by manufacturers, so they can be safely placed in the washing room. These include modern showers, bathtubs with massage systems, spa equipment and more. other.
Light fixtures for the steam room can only be used on a metal base with a protective glass structure. Lamps are mounted on the walls, stepping back from the ceiling by 20 cm.
The transformer conducting the electrical system to the bath does not exceed 220 volts. In the steam room, the washing compartment can be distributed 12 volts, which are carried through the wall. This is somewhat different from the PUE standards, which say that 42 volts is permissible in dangerous places in the structure. But this is taking into account a 36 volt light bulb, and in most modern designs these are not used.
If a washing machine or dishwasher is placed in the bath, then a separate socket with grounding should be brought under them. They can only be installed in a dry place. If a heating tank is used hot water, then they lay a separate wire that goes separately from the general system.
Protective automatic RCD
A grounding system loop is mounted along the perimeter of the structure. The system is equipped with an RCD emergency shutdown machine, or a differential system. If the installation of automation is impossible for any reason, then T220/12 is mounted. All protective devices must be hidden in a waterproof box.
Electric heater in the power supply system
Sensors for electric heaters in saunas can only be used at low voltage. They are mounted on the surface of the wall, which is located farthest from the heater. Choose a suitable place and measure 1 m from the floor to proceed with the installation. It is forbidden to mount the control panel for sensors in the steam room.
The electric heater is connected separately from the main system, without sockets. To do this, a separate cable is thrown from the shield, which is connected to the heat generator and a separate ground is made.
Conduct wiring to the electric heater and light bulbs in the steam room should be no closer than 0.8 m from the chimney and stove. At the same time, it should not bend or twist anywhere, only one-piece in a special corrugation.
Bath lamps
Each electrical unit should be located on the wall, in no case should they be hidden inside the tree. You should not use simple paws for washing and steam room. Luminescence is taken only with protection in IP44 degree. Among the safest, it is worth highlighting 12 volt halogen lamps.
It is better to use wiring for a steam room from a heat-resistant material, for example, the SILFLEX Sif brand, single-core with special silicone insulation.
In some modern schemes, the light in the steam room is made from below, so there will be less heating. The lighting looks attractive, as it is carried out by spotlights, for example, built into the lower step of the canopy.
Inside the canopy structure, the wiring is additionally insulated in metal pipes.
You need to check the wiring every 2-3 years, preferably more often. The shelf life of the wiring should also be taken into account: copper - up to 20 years, aluminum up to 15 years. Since the humidity and elevated temperatures in the baths they act aggressively on the wiring, then you can safely divide the numbers by 2 and change the wiring completely after the expiration date.
Even by hiring a professional, you should not let things take their course, you need to control the entire process from and to. Only in this way the wiring in the bath will be safe and will last the prescribed period.
If not so long ago, work on the installation of electrical equipment in residential buildings could only be carried out if there was a project agreed with the relevant authorities, today, thanks to the decree of the government of the Russian Federation on the abolition of obsolete requirements for owners of houses and cottages, everything has become much easier. Now the wiring in the bath can be mounted without a project and approvals. But at the same time, it is imperative to fulfill the main condition - the installation is done taking into account the requirements of the PUE and other regulations, deviations are prohibited and can serve as a basis for refusing to connect the object to eclectic networks.
The latest norms DBN V.2.5-2003 and DNAOP 0.00-1.32-01 prohibit the use of two-core cables for wiring (except for switches), now they should only be three-core with phase, zero working and zero protective copper wires. This applies to single-phase electrical wiring, three-phase in baths are almost never used and therefore will not be mentioned in this article.
DBN V.2.5-2003. PDF file for download
DNAOP 0.00-1.32-01. State normative act on labor protection. PDF file for download
What are the general requirements for wiring in the bath?
- The placement of lamps, switches and sockets should be carried out by zones, the breakdown is done on the basis of the requirements of GOST R 50571.12-96. In the first zone, it is strictly forbidden not only to install any electrical equipment, but also to lay cable lines. Furnaces for space heating are built here, washbasins, showers, etc. are installed. The second zone is the safest in terms of equipment operation, it has the fewest restrictions and additional requirements. In the third and fourth zones, it is allowed to lay cables with insulation resistance of at least +170°C.
- For the installation of electrical wiring in baths, it is strictly forbidden to use universal flat wires (PUNP).
The fact is that state standards have not yet been developed for these wires, each enterprise has the right to use its own technical conditions (TU). As an objective analysis of the market shows, all PUNP wires according to specifications to one degree or another do not meet the requirements of GOST 22483-77, which regulates the electrical resistance of a conductive core. The number of fires caused by these cables exceeds 65% of all emergencies due to electrical equipment.
- , it is also desirable to mount the light switch in a vestibule or recreation area.
GOST R 50571.12-96. PDF file for download
Prices for PUNP cable
PUNP cable
Step-by-step instructions for installing electrical wiring in a bath
For example, we will consider the most complex option, it can be greatly simplified, taking into account the features of baths and the requirements of developers.
Step 1. Connecting the input cable (power cable). It is fed into the shield from above and is connected to the introductory machine. Cut-off parameters are calculated separately, taking into account the total power of consumers. Specific advice is given later in this article. Blue and gray wires are connected to the input to the machine, yellow-green to the ground bus.
Connecting the power cable. We start gray and blue wires on the upper terminals of the introductory difavtomat. A core of yellow-green color on the grounding bar.
Step 2 If the shield has additional cut-offs for individual rooms or groups of consumers, then supply power to them. Standard position - entry from above, exit from below.
Electrical panel and wires coming from it in plastic boxes
Practical advice. In dry rooms, it is better to mount the wiring in ordinary plastic boxes; in wet rooms, it is recommended to protect them with polymer pipes. This is not a categorical requirement of the standards, but the recommendations of experienced electricians.
Step 3 Wire the lighting and sockets in the wash room.
Keep in mind that the degree of protection against the ingress of moisture and dust must comply with the international standard of at least IP 44 in zones 2 and 3. Such an enclosure protects against the ingress of solid particles larger than one millimeter and does not allow leaks from drops falling on the surface under any angle.
You can do the wiring with a VVGng 3 × 1.5 cable, stretch it to the junction box.
Cable connection diagram VVGng 3 × 1.5. The cable is stretched to the junction box. Cores are marked
Two-core VVG cable ng 2 × 1.5 lower into the switch, one core is connected to the upper terminal of the device, and the second to the bottom.
The cable VVGng 2×1.5 is lowered to the single-gang switch. One core is connected from above, the other from below. Cores are marked L and Llight
Thus, in one position of the button, the electrical circuit is broken, and in the second it is connected and the light bulb lights up. Before installing the switch, carefully inspect the case, it indicates the position of the button when closing and opening the contacts. According to the standard, the light should turn on when the switch button is in the up position. Another nuance is that a phase is always connected to the switch, and not zero. This makes it possible to safely change lighting fixtures in the event of their failure without turning off the common machine.
The VVGng 3x1.5 cable is being laid to the installation site of the proposed luminaire. Cores mark
Step 4 Run the cable from the box to the lamp, drill a hole in the wall and insert a piece of tube into it. The free space between the wires and the pipe walls is recommended to be filled with a special non-combustible composition.
A metal sleeve is inserted into the hole
Important. All places of cable passage to other rooms should be made only in a metal pipe, it completely eliminates mechanical damage to the cables.
In the box, connect the ends of the cables of the same color. It is important to know that not all manufacturers maintain standard cable colors, if you have such a situation, then it is recommended to mark them during installation. This can be done with small stickers or colored markers.
If your own circuit breaker is connected to the lighting, then at the last stage of the wiring, you need to connect its terminals to the power supply as well.
V switchboard we connect the gray core of the cable to the lower terminal of the circuit breaker. Blue core to the zero tavern. Yellow-green to the ground bar
Keep in mind that it is strictly forbidden to install junction boxes, switches and sockets in the steam room. This fitting is mounted at the entrance to the room.
Step 5 Lighting in the steam room is best done at low voltage, although this is not a mandatory requirement. Lighting devices for 220 V must have a special protected housing.
For low-voltage lighting, you need to install a step-down transformer and supply power to the bulbs from it. The technical parameters of transformers should be selected taking into account the required output voltage and the total power of all consumers.
To lower the voltage, a step-down transformer is used, which is selected in accordance with the required output voltage, the power of the connected lighting devices
Remember that it is very difficult for a transformer to work at the limit, in such operating conditions it quickly fails. Always buy equipment with a power reserve, due to this approach, the reliability and duration of the operation of the devices increases.
Run a two-wire cable from the transformer to the box, and put the cables from the light bulbs and the switch into it.
Laying a two-core cable to the junction box
Wiring diagram in the junction box. The veins are stripped and marked. Then the cable goes down to the switch
Important. In the steam room, light is carried out only using a special heat-resistant cable, such requirements are prescribed in the current regulations.
Laying a heat-resistant cable PRKS to the intended installation site of the lamp. The sleeve must be filled with fireproof composition
Step 6 Installing sockets. For them, you can also provide a separate machine in the switchboard. It is allowed to mount sockets only in zones 2 and 3, the enclosures must have protection of at least IP 44.
Installation of sockets and junction boxes in the washing room only allowed in zones 2 and 3
From the switchboard, a VVG 3 × 1.5 cable is laid to the first junction box.
Further from it, the wire is fed to all the others, each room must have its own junction box (Berman box). From the box, the wires are laid to the sockets, their ends are stripped and connected to the appropriate terminals.
After connecting, cover the socket with the front panel.
Step 7 Connect all cable ends of the same color or with the same labels in junction boxes using terminal blocks.
Using terminal blocks instead of twisting is more safe and convenient
Important. If there are powerful electrical appliances in the bath, their technical parameters can affect the cross section of the cables. Carefully refer to the developed tables for the dependence of the cable cross-section on the current strength.
If the wires are located near electric furnaces, then they must be protected with a metal pipe. But as soon as possible, use other, safer ways to connect powerful thermal devices.
Some modern heating elements have an automatic control and protection system, the connection of these devices should be done taking into account the attached manufacturer's instructions.
Connecting the controller for the oven (temperature sensor)
Thermostat connection diagram. Terminals 1 and 2
Thermostat connection diagram. Terminals 3 and 4
Temperature sensor connection diagram. Terminals 6 and 7
The cores of the VVGng 4x1.5 cable are connected to the corresponding screw terminals. Brown wire to terminal marked L. Blue wire to terminal N. Gray - A1. Black - A2.
Two wires are connected to the lower terminals of the difavtomat to each terminal. One pair of wires is used to connect to the starter. The second pair is used to connect to the screw terminals L and N. The cores with gray and blue insulation of the three-core cable VVGng, designed to power the sauna heater, are connected to the starter, and the yellow-green core to the ground bus
Wiring diagram in the steam room and dressing room
After installation is complete, you need to charmingly ring the wiring and check the correctness and reliability of all connections.
Prices for electrical panels
switchboards
What electrical equipment can be in the bath
Energy networks issue, according to a simplified scheme, permission to connect no more than 15 kW per site, it is desirable to provide for the total power of consumers of electrical energy of the bath and residential building so that it does not exceed the specified limit. Otherwise, you will have to obtain special permission, and it is not always given. V without fail you will have to order a project from specialized organizations that takes into account the existing reserve capacity of transformers, the parameters of installed lines, etc. Such work takes a lot of time and money, and the results are often unpredictable. As for single-phase or three-phase wiring, it is still much more complicated here. Before making a final decision, it is recommended to visit the RES and consult with the responsible representatives of the organization.
What cables to use for wiring in the bath
The diameter of the cables is selected based on the possible maximum power, there are special tables for this. For a single-phase input, the wiring is done with a 2 × 16 SIP cable, for a three-phase SIP 4 × 16. Experienced electricians advise not to save on the cross section of conductive wires, the difference in cost is insignificant, and there can be many problems.
- No one can ever accurately predict the total power of current consumers for a long-term perspective. Such situations cause wiring overload and may cause fires.
- Cables should only be from well-known and trusted manufacturers. Non-certified products do not withstand the same cross-section of wires along the entire length, it ranges from 20-30% and only down. This means that if the cross section is indicated, for example, 10 mm 2, then in fact you should focus on 8 mm 2.
SIP cable prices
SIP cable
Video - About cables for a bath
How many machines are required for a bath
At the same time a very complex and very simple question. From an electrician's point of view, more is better. This is their profit, they are trying by all possible means to increase it. Masters will assure developers that protective electrical fittings are required for each room in the bath, separately for sockets and all powerful consumers. There is no harm from a large amount of RAM, just as there is no benefit. In practice, it is enough to put one machine at the input, it works when the calculated load is exceeded or when a short circuit occurs. There is no need to protect each room and outlet separately. It should be understood that each connection also has its negative sides - due to poor-quality connection of the ends, the connection points heat up. And this can cause wiring malfunctions or a fire in the bath.
How is it better to connect the bath: with an underground or overhead cable?
There is no specific advice for all cases, each method has its strengths and weaknesses.
| Connection type | Technical and operational features |
|---|---|
| Cables are used for air connection, protection is made of special plastics resistant to hard ultraviolet radiation. Can withstand significant temperature changes, have high physical strength characteristics. The cheapest and easiest way to connect the bath to the network, in terms of reliability, it fully complies with existing requirements. The only drawback is that not all developers like the wires of electric lines hanging over the site. | |
| A very expensive and complicated method. For laying, you need to purchase a special underground cable with an armored sheath, a layer of sand is provided in the trenches to compensate for seasonal swelling of the soil during freezing / freezing. Digging trenches is often done by hand, which is difficult and time consuming. In addition, if the site has already completed landscape design, then after backfilling the trenches, it will be necessary to restore its original state. |
As can be seen from the table, decisions are influenced by many individual factors, all of which should be taken into account.
Bath is a wonderful place where everyone can cleanse their body, relieve stress and gain strength. In the wooden room of the bath there is a stove, which turns it into a source of increased fire hazard. In addition to the stove, there is electrical wiring in the bath, which only increases the risk of fire. Often, the safety of vacationers depends on the quality of the wires and their installation.
Connecting the power cable
Before doing the wiring in the bath and steam room, you need to correctly let down power cable. This can be done underground or by air. The latter is faster and more profitable, from an economic point of view. For power cable underground you need more time and money.
Air installation method
If you have chosen the air method, then you need to take into account the strict requirements regarding heights cable location. Among them are the following:
- The distance from the cable to the pedestrian part should be more than 3.5 m.
- The cable must be located at a height of at least six meters above the carriageway.
- The distance between the supports on which the cable is fixed should not exceed 25 m. Otherwise, an additional support should be installed.
- The entrance of the power cable to the bath must be done at a height of at least 2.75 m.
At air method of summing up, use SIP 4 (self-supporting insulating wire) without a supporting cable. Watch to core cross section from aluminum was equal to sixteen square millimeters. Depending on the input you choose (two-phase or three-phase), the number lived in a cable.
The incoming cable can be fastened to outside bath buildings. Before that, you should put it in plastic box or corrugated pipe. At the place where the cable enters the building, it is installed boxing with an automatic switch located in it. This is done because the rules forbidden introduce SIP into the bathhouse.
Use a four or two-band automatic switch. This choice depends on the number of phases. SIP is brought directly to the switch, and a cable will come out of it, which will later be used for wiring in the bath building. The hole in the wall to which the cable will be connected must be reinforced with a metal tube with grounding. It is not safe to use other tubes (e.g. rubber tubes) as over time they will become brittle and lose their insulating properties.
The power cable can be brought to the bath building using a steel pipe:
- To prevent moisture ingress, the upper part of the pipe must be bent into a half ring.
- The lower end is fixed with a slight slope. It will be enough to deflect it towards the street by ten degrees.
- The pipe is painted and a hole is drilled in its bottom to drain the accumulated condensate.
- The top of the pipe is fixed with through bolts, and the rest of the pipe is fastened with clamps to the bath building.
- The power cable will be wired to the pins with insulators, which must be on the pipe. Choose aluminum wire for SIP cable.
- The wires with which the wiring will be done inside the bath must be allowed by the PUE.
Description of the underground option
This method of supply is more expensive than air. However, the line laid underground is reliably protected from damage and will last longer than the overhead line. When supplying underground, you should use the more expensive VBbShv cable (armored with copper cores). It is much stronger than SIP, due to the metal braid located between the two shells.
To lay the underground part of the cable, you need to dig a trench with a depth of at least 70 cm. The bottom of the trench is filled with ten centimeters of sand, on which the cable is laid. From above they fall asleep with sand and lay a row of bricks. They are used for more reliable cable protection.
For vertical lowering of the cable, angles and metal tubes are used. Entering the building is carried out in the same way as with an air connection.
Wiring project
The first step is to draw up an electrical diagram in the bath. If you are not one hundred percent sure of success, then entrust this matter to a professional who has experience in such work. No two baths are exactly the same, so the project for wiring and installing electrical appliances is individual for each.
Before drawing up a diagram, you need to clearly define what the connection will be (single-phase or three-phase). Most often, a single-phase network is used, but if it is planned to use powerful heating devices in the bath, then it is better to give preference to a three-phase network. Single-phase will withstand loads up to 14kW, and three-phase - up to 42kW.
At the drawing stage, it is worthwhile to think carefully and weigh all the pros and cons of the future project. It is important to clearly define the number of electrical appliances that will be connected to the network, and their name. All this will help to more accurately determine the amount of wire needed, safety devices and their parameters.
The wiring project should include circuit breakers and residual current devices. The diagram should show the principle by which all parts of the circuit will be connected. At this stage, it is important to avoid mistakes. If this succeeds, then you will not have any problems with the wiring.
Before proceeding with the selection of electrical equipment and wires, it is important to consider that all of them will be operated in conditions of high humidity and temperature. It would be advisable to use materials and equipment with a protection class of at least IP24.
Strict requirements apply to the cable in the bath. This is especially true of wiring in the steam room and washing. For them, you should choose a wire that can withstand temperatures up to 180 degrees. Also, the wiring in the steam room must withstand high humidity.
Based on the loads on individual lines and the entire network as a whole, automatic power off devices are selected. All these parameters must be displayed in the project scheme. Each of the selected power disconnect devices must operate under certain conditions.
When choosing sockets and lighting devices, consider:
- Degree of safety according to GOST (IP-44/IP-65).
- The presence of rubber seals.
- Lamps must be protected from water ingress.
- The base of the luminaire must be made of corrosion-resistant materials.
- The luminaire lamp must have high-strength heat-resistant glass.
- Do not use fluorescent lamps.
Best for washing LED lamp. They shine well and save on electricity.
Installation: step by step instructions
After all the materials have been purchased and the project has been developed, you can proceed with the installation of electrical wiring. This work is responsible and requires increased attention.
You must follow the following step by step instructions and the rules for installing electrical wiring in the bath:
- Mounting is best open way. In practice, it has been proven that this is a convenient and very safe solution. The only room where you can use the hidden method is the steam room. Open wiring is easily accessible and, if necessary, can be easily repaired. For greater safety and durability, the wire is passed through a corrugated pipe or skirting boards.
- In the dividing panel are mounted all safety devices. It must be well protected from moisture and made of special materials. The electrical panel is placed as close as possible to the exit, since the door has the lowest temperature and humidity. All wires that pass through the junction box must be passed through a corrugated pipe. All wire fastenings must be reliable in order to avoid heating them, the shield must be well grounded.
- In no case should you use sockets and switches in the steam room. It will be enough to place them in the rest room and dressing room. Each of them must have protective covers.
- All cables must be minimum size. It is important to correctly and reliably ground each electrical appliance used.
- All wires must be connected using terminals or soldering. It is worth laying the cable only in the horizontal and vertical direction, and a right angle should be maintained at the transition point.
Bath - a wonderful place for relaxation and recovery. To get the maximum pleasure from staying in it, you need not only to withstand all the nuances of construction, but also to properly conduct the wiring. Only in this case you will fully enjoy the atmosphere and recharge your batteries for several days ahead.
