Natural ventilation in the bath: the principles of arrangement and layout of ventilation openings. How to properly ventilate in a steam room in a Russian bath Homemade valve for ventilation in a bath

Many novice developers very often ask the question: Do I need ventilation in the bath? Why let cold air inside, if so much effort and materials went into its insulation? On the one hand, this is a paradox, and on the other, a necessity, and in order to understand this issue, you need to weigh all the pros and cons (if any) of installing ventilation in the steam room.

What threatens the lack of ventilation in the bath

In ancient times, when they knew absolutely nothing about ventilation, baths in Russia, like houses, were made without ventilation holes. But there is an explanation for this. As building material logs were used. The lower crown of the logs was made free, which allowed fresh air to enter through the cracks in the log house. The temperature in the steam room was regulated by opening the front door. Here you have the simplest, but no less effective ventilation of the bath, which was used by our ancestors.

IN modern construction they use completely different materials, and the approach to the construction of buildings is somewhat different. But if, during the construction of the bath, you do not think about laying the ventilation system, then the consequences of this will not keep you waiting, namely:

Rapid wear of materials that were used for cladding and insulation of the bath. Without proper ventilation baths, after several years of operation, the owner will have to change not only the lining, but also the floor, and, quite possibly, the insulation. Temperature fluctuations and moisture, which is an inevitable companion of a steam room, are a destructive force that destroys materials in 3-5 years.
The appearance of an unpleasant odor. This will inevitably happen in an unventilated steam room, as dampness and heat are the perfect microclimate for mold and mildew to grow. It is almost impossible to get rid of the smell of mold and mustiness in such a room, since it is strictly forbidden to use chemicals in the bath. This is not only harmful, but deadly.
Poisoned air in the steam room. First of all, without proper air exchange, the level of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide can rise sharply in the steam room. Probably, there is no need to tell anyone what will happen to a person with an increase in the concentration of carbon monoxide by at least 0.1%. In addition, the high temperature of the air in the steam room, which is filled with evaporated sweat from your body. Well, in general, there can be no question of any healing effect in such an atmosphere.

The above arguments are enough to understand the axiom: ventilation in the steam room of the bath is not just necessary, but vital.

What should be the ventilation in the bath

As a rule, the ventilation of the steam room is limited to two or three ventilation openings of the required section. One supply, and the rest for the removal of "exhaust" air. It should be borne in mind that for a comfortable state of health, the air circulation in such a room should be at least 5 times. This means that the entire volume of air in the steam room must change five times in 1 hour. There are several nuances that are required for the installation of any ventilation scheme.

You need to think about the location and size of the ventilation holes in the bath at the stage of its construction, since it will be very difficult to make holes in the finished steam room.
The dimensions of the supply and exhaust vents must match. In some cases, the dimensions of the hood may be larger than the inflow.
Ventilation openings must be equipped with valves. This will allow you to regulate the intensity of air circulation, and when heating the steam room, they can be completely closed to raise the temperature more quickly.
A very important parameter is the cross section of the ventilation vents. It is important to know that their cross section depends entirely on the volume of the steam room. There should be 24 cm2 of ventilation per 1 m3 of volume.

The device of the ventilation system in the bath room

We have already talked a lot about what kind of ventilation is. For a bath, the same laws apply, and ventilation in it can be:

Natural. With this type of ventilation, the circulation of air masses is created due to the difference in temperature and pressure between the air flow and the hood. Good air circulation can only be achieved correct installation ventilation openings: inflow at the bottom, and exhaust at the top of the room. As you know from school courses in physics, hot air rises and cold air goes down, so such a ventilation device in the bath will not be very convenient in terms of warming it up.
Combined. This method of ventilation assumes the presence of one opening of natural ventilation and one vent, with a fan installed in it. The inflow will be mechanized or exhaust - it all depends on the scheme you have chosen.
Mechanical. Such a ventilation system independently controls the flow of air masses and their exhaust, temperature and humidity, using automation. From the point of view of comfort, it is in the first place, but prices - in baths, such a system is practically not used due to the complexity of installation, and the high cost of equipment, design and maintenance.

Examples of ready-made ventilation schemes

There are several working ventilation schemes in the bath, which provide good air circulation, despite the fact that the steam room does not get cold.

The air inlet should be located at floor level, behind the stove, and the exhaust holes should be near the ceiling, but on the opposite wall from the inflow. Thanks to this arrangement, the incoming, colder air will enter the steam room and immediately be heated by the heater. After that, it rises to the ceiling, goes around it and lowers a little to exit into the exhaust vent.
If your stove works constantly during bathing procedures, you can use this option, where the inlet is located 30 cm from the floor, on the opposite side of the stove, and the blower and chimney will play the role of an exhaust hood.
If your bath has ventilated floors, then you can make an inflow behind the stove, at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor. Cold air will enter the steam room, be heated by the stove and rise up. Colder masses will sink, pass through the ventilation in the floor and be discharged outside the room.

And here are several options for the location of the inflow and exhaust using an exhaust fan.

The air inlet is located 30 cm from the floor - behind the stove, and the hood is located on the opposite wall 20 cm from the floor. One caveat: a fan is installed in the hood, which will create air circulation.
The inlet and outlet vents are located on the same wall, but only one is at the top and the other is at the bottom. The supply air, located 30 cm from the floor, is equipped with an exhaust fan of a given power.
The inflow is installed behind the stove, at a height of 30 cm from the floor and is equipped with a fan. An exhaust hole is made on the opposite wall 20 cm from the floor. The blown air is heated by the stove and heats the entire steam room evenly. After that, it, cooling down, goes down, where it exits through the hood.

Important!
To calculate the fan power, you need to multiply the volume of the steam room by the air circulation rate. Example: Steam room 2 m by 3 m. Its area is 6 m2. Ceiling height 2 m. Total: 6 x 2 = 12 m3. Now we multiply 12 m3 by the recommended air circulation rate of 5 and get 60 m3 / h fan performance for our steam room.

The most common mistakes in arranging ventilation in the bath

One of the most common mistakes of those who decide to do the ventilation of the bath with their own hands is the location of the inflow and exhaust vents on the same level. From such an arrangement, except for a draft, there will be no sense. If you used this arrangement of ventilation holes, then the inflow should be done behind the stove and equipped with a fan, and the exit, at the same level, but on the opposite wall.

Another mistake of novice builders is that many try to seal the bathhouse as much as possible from air entering it, make small windows and forget about arranging floor ventilation. Yes, such a steam room will be heated very quickly, but it will be impossible to take wellness treatments in it.

In fact, there are many shortcomings, and it is simply impossible to count them all, but, observing certain rules, you can build a dream bath with your own hands, without additional costs for correcting errors.

Among the most important indicators are traditionally called temperature and humidity level, forgetting about another fundamental indicator - air exchange. This is very reckless, because even if you carefully insulate the room and achieve comfortable humidity, staying in a steam room with stale air will not only be uncomfortable, but also dangerous. If you want to avoid such a fate, take care of the ventilation in the steam room in advance. You can even equip such a system with your own hands - let's take a closer look at how to do it right.

Why does a Russian bath need ventilation?

Before proceeding to a description of the features of the direct technological process, to begin with, let's clarify why ventilation is generally necessary in the bath in the steam room. It is no secret that many skeptics consider its arrangement only an unjustified waste of time and money, but this is far from the case - the lack of a ventilation system can lead to at least three sharply negative consequences.

Types of ventilation systems for the steam room

Ventilation in the bath in the steam room can be of three types:

natural;
mechanical;
combined.

The natural system assumes that air circulation is provided by the difference in pressure and temperature levels in the steam room and on the street. The principle of operation here is simple: first, hot air rises to the upper zone of the steam room, and then leaves through the exhaust hole to the street, thereby discharging the atmosphere in the bath - this creates the conditions for drawing in new air through the supply hole. The advantage of such ventilation is minimal financial costs. But here one nuance must be taken into account: with insufficient insulation of the structure natural duct will be an obstacle to high-quality heating of the bath.

Mechanical ventilation operates by means of special devices that control the exit of exhaust air and the supply of new air flows into the steam room. Typically, these devices are different kind fans. The advantage of the mechanical system is that ventilation equipment can be installed in almost any area of the room.

Advice. A classic duct fan is not suitable for a bath, as it will not withstand the harsh conditions of a steam room - it is better to use special models made of glass-filled polyamide that can withstand high temperatures- up to 130 degrees.

Combined ventilation combines elements of both natural and mechanical systems. It functions in this way: they are responsible for extracting the exhaust air mechanical devices and fresh air enters through a separate inlet.

Ventilation schemes

There are at least five working ventilation schemes that can be used in a steam room - choose a specific option based on them. design features your Russian bath.

The supply opening is behind the stove at a distance of 50 cm from the heater, and the exhaust opening is opposite, at a distance of 20 cm from the base of the floor. The air is removed forcibly - this is provided by a fan built into the lower opening.
The supply opening is behind the heater at a distance of 30 cm from the floor base, the exhaust opening is at a distance of 20 cm from the floor on the opposite wall. The air is forced out - with the help of a fan. The main feature of the scheme is a very high rate of heating of fresh air.

Both openings - both flow and exhaust - are placed on one side directly opposite the stove, but at different levels: the first is at a distance of 30 cm from the base of the floor, the second is 20 cm from the ceiling. The system operates using a fan, which is mounted in the exhaust opening.

Advice. This scheme is suitable for baths with internal placement steam rooms - when the room has only one outer side.

The supply hole is behind the stove at a height of 20 cm from the base of the floor. There is no exhaust opening - instead, a special leaking floor is provided: the exhaust air masses pass through its slots to ventilation pipe. Such a system guarantees the performance of an additional function - prompt drying of the floor.
The supply opening is opposite the stove at a distance of 20 cm from the base of the floor. The role of the exhaust hole is assigned to the blower. Such a scheme is suitable only for those baths where the heater operates continuously.

General rules for organizing ventilation in the steam room

Whichever version of the ventilation system you choose, you need to equip it according to certain rules.

Firstly, it is desirable to make all holes for ventilation even at the stage of building a bath, since punching channels in already finished construction is a very difficult process. Perfect option- decide on a suitable scheme during the design of a Russian bath in order to make all the necessary changes to the work plan in a timely manner.

Secondly, the dimensions of the exhaust opening should be approximately the same as the dimensions of the supply opening. In any case, the "output" should not be less than the "input", otherwise it will not be possible to ensure a full outflow of exhaust air from the steam room. And in order to speed up this process, it is allowed to increase the dimensions of the exhaust opening and even equip two “exits” in one room.

Thirdly, in order to regulate the airflow of the steam room, all ventilation openings must be equipped with special shutters or shutters. They will come in handy in several situations: when heating the steam room, when the vents will need to be covered to quickly raise the temperature to the required level, as well as in the frosty season, when cold air will actively rush into a warm room.

Fourthly, the cross section of the ventilation hole should be related to the area of the steam room in the proportion: 1 cu. m area - 24 cm section. If the holes are small, the air in the room will not be able to quickly update.

Of course, organizing ventilation in the bath with your own hands is not an easy task. But it is fundamentally necessary: without air exchange, you can forget about the comfort, safety and durability of the steam room. Now you know the main rules and subtleties of this work - if you stick to them, you will definitely be able to make high-quality ventilation system even without professional help.

Ventilation in the bath: video

Ensuring ventilation in the bath: photo

A high-quality ventilation system is an indispensable element of the steam room. The absence or improper organization of ventilation in the bath is dangerous to human health. A properly equipped system will protect people from carbon monoxide and improve the comfort of staying indoors. We will talk about the features and technology of installing the ventilation system in the bath later.

Characteristics of proper ventilation for the steam room

Proper ventilation in the bath performs several functions at once:

provides the room with oxygen;
improves the comfort of staying in the steam room;
removes carbon monoxide;
allows economically expedient to spend firewood;
evenly distributes air flow;
protects the building from the formation of mold or fungus.

by the most the best option ventilation in the bath is supply and exhaust. For these purposes, equip:

air inlet - through them an influx of fresh air into the steam room is organized, a fan with a ventilation tube is installed, additional air inflow is provided by open windows or through the door;
exhaust hole - the removal of heated air from the room, through the furnace, blower or devices that improve traction.

To improve the supply and exhaust ventilation system, use various ways. We offer you to get acquainted with one of the most effective ventilation systems:

1. The supply openings are located at the bottom of the room, next to the firebox.

2. Exhaust openings strictly on the opposite side from above. It is possible to organize two holes at once for better air control.

3. The height of the exhaust port determines the draft level. If the vent is low, additionally reinforce the system with a vent pipe.

4. With the help of special dampers, the air supply from the room is controlled.

5. The air in the steam room is renewed every 2-3 hours.

In addition, the individual parameters of the ventilation system are determined by the type of room, the version of the bath. For example, in a Russian bath, periodic ventilation will help renew the air. In addition, the size and location of the installation of the furnace are taken into account; in relation to this parameter, two types of ventilation are organized.

How to make ventilation in a steam room with a separate firebox

We offer a variant of the organization of ventilation in the steam room, the firebox of which is located in the next room. This scheme is popular in ordinary Russian baths. To bring the firebox to an adjacent room, a furnace tunnel is used. Among the advantages of this arrangement of the furnace, we note:

lack of garbage in the steam room;
the door to the room opens only at the entrance;
the possibility of mounting heat-resistant glass for admiring an open flame.

There are two ways to install air inlets in a room:

1. Arrangement of a ventilation duct in the underground space. Removing it in front of the furnace room, installing ventilation grilles on the channel.

2. Floor supply of ventilation.

On the opposite wall, install the hood, diagonally in relation to the air inlet.

The main quality of the organization of proper ventilation is that the supply openings should coincide in area with the exhaust ones.

Ventilation scheme in a steam room with a firebox indoors

If the stove-heater is located directly in the steam room, then the organization of ventilation is different. In this case, air flows through the blower solve the issue with natural ventilation. This method is appropriate if the fire in the furnace is constantly.

If there is no chimney in the bath, and the stove operates in a short-term mode, a more advanced ventilation system is used. Familiarize yourself with the technology of arranging the ventilation system in the steam room:

1. Build a special brick podium on which the oven is installed. With its help, a ventilation duct is supplied to the furnace.

2. Lay the ends, build another box of bricks. As a result, the first design is installed at the top of the furnace channel, and the second - to the door of the steam room.

3. On a wall adjacent to a regular room, build doors in the places where the masonry passes. They warm up adjoining room, if necessary.

4. An oven is installed on the podium, it can be mounted on a corner or on steel paintings. Finish the furnace with brick, install a brick screen, with two convection valves.

5. The exhaust ventilation system operates due to the furnace furnace.

Correct installation of the ventilation system is based on its correct adjustment. General rules ventilation system control:

at the beginning of the furnace furnace, all openings and supply and exhaust are closed;
wait for the increase temperature regime, then adjust the vents with sliders;
if it is necessary to increase the volume of oxygen in the room, open the inlet;
upon completion of work, open the shutters for better ventilation of the steam room.

Steam room ventilation photo:

To determine the temperature and humidity in the room, use special devices. An alcohol thermometer can help you measure temperature. electric type. Please note that the use of the mercury version is strictly prohibited. Use a hygrometer to determine the humidity level.

The principle of operation of the ventilation system is based on the following factors:

melting the oven, the air is gradually heated and exits through the convection door;
the lower door remains open until the oven is fully heated;
close the door from below and work with the top hatch;
in the process of soaring, only the blower installed on the box opens;
after using the steam room for its intended purpose, ventilate the room well.

Do-it-yourself ventilation device in the steam room

The main functions of the ventilation system in the bath:

air supply during bath procedures;
high-quality room drying.

The ventilation system in the bath should not:

violate the temperature of the room, in the process of taking bath procedures;
to separate temperature flows, that is, cool air is closer to the floor, and warm air is from above;
remove unused air from the steam room.

In addition, the lack of ventilation leads to the appearance of unpleasant air in the room, the formation of mold and fungus, which are harmful to human health.

There are three main types of ventilation in the steam room:

the natural option is the supply of air flows through the pressure difference;
mechanical option - air supply using special mechanisms, when measuring these characteristics with instruments;
combined option - the creation of artificial pressure by fans and hoods.

There are two types of air transport in the room: supply and exhaust. For these purposes, a hole located diagonally with respect to the inlet is equipped.

It is not recommended to install an exhaust outlet in the steam room on the ceiling; this ventilation system increases the warm-up time of the room. It is rational to install the hood under the ceiling, additionally equipping a damper on it to adjust the draft.

In addition, provide a ventilated floor in the bath. Thus, the period increases floor covering because it is in constant contact with water. Recommendations for the arrangement of floor ventilation:

1. During the installation of the foundation base, ensure the ventilation of the floors, build vents from the basement.

2. On opposite walls, build ventilation holes that provide air flow. Install gratings on them to prevent rodents from entering.

3. The finished floor should be slightly higher in level than the blower is located. Thus, it will function as a hood.

4. Install wooden planks with a small gap, at least half a centimeter.

5. After taking bath procedures, ventilate the room well and dry the floors.

Another way to organize the ventilation system in the bath is “According to Bast”. In this case, fresh air enters the room from the ward space, and exhaust from the hole located near the door. For these purposes, build an exhaust box made of wood, lined with foil inside.

Build under the floor ventilation duct, next to a metal sheet to prevent heat from entering it. The size of the structure should not exceed twenty percent. Adjusting the flow of fresh air through such a system is quite simple. It is enough to open the vent and blower. In addition, it is possible to avoid the accumulation of an unpleasant aroma in the steam room. This method of organizing ventilation is appropriate if the firebox is located directly in the steam room.

Ways to organize ventilation in the steam room with your own hands

We offer the five most popular schemes for organizing supply ventilation in the steam room:

1. Scheme No. 1.

Install the inlet under the stove 50 cm from the floor, and the outlet on the opposite side, thirty centimeters from the ceiling. The forced movement of air masses is provided by a fan. Thus, it is possible to ensure uniform heating of the air. The height of the first opening regulates the draft force of natural ventilation.

2. Scheme No. 2.

Two ventilation holes are located on the same wall, always opposite the stove. The inlet is installed at a distance of thirty centimeters from the floor, and the outlet is thirty centimeters from the ceiling. Install a fan in the outlet, the cooled air, entering the room, collides with the stove, heats up and exits.

3. Scheme No. 3.

Position the inlet behind the stove, at a distance of about twenty centimeters from the floor. The inlet is installed at the same height, only near the ceiling of the opposite wall. A hood is installed in the second hole. The principle of operation of the system is based on the ingress of cooled air into the steam room, passing through the oven and pulling out the second hole.

4. Scheme No. 4.

This method is relevant for a steam room with a floor that has holes for water to drain. The inlet is installed behind the furnace, and the outlet is a drain pipe through which air is vented to the outside.

5. Scheme No. 5.

Relevant for a bath with a constantly working stove. The inlet is arranged opposite the stove, and the blower with a chimney acts as an outlet

If it is necessary to increase the temperature in the steam room, it is enough to close all the plugs. After taking bath procedures, they are removed. It is quite possible to organize these ventilation schemes on your own, without buying expensive appliances and special material investments.

How to make a vapor barrier for a steam room with your own hands

Vapor barrier in the steam room allows you to maintain the optimum temperature of the room. Special materials in the form of vapor-tight films, insulation and waterproofing will help create high-quality vapor barrier. The film provides protection of the insulation from the penetration of water vapor, while not letting in the moisture that is in the hot air.

Qualitatively equipped vapor barrier and ventilation system increase the service life of the room itself and its exterior finish. Since hot air rises, first of all, vapor barrier the ceiling with high quality.

For these purposes, use lahi, boards, about 6 cm thick. From above, they are covered with aluminum-based foil, cardboard with increased density or waxed paper soaked in drying oil. After fixing one of these materials, the ceiling is finished with clay and insulated.

In addition, vapor barrier ceiling will help edged board. On the boards, cardboard impregnated with drying oil is installed, which is then sheathed with wooden clapboard.

Expanded polystyrene boards are a modern replacement for soft clay, they are distinguished by good thermal insulation and performance characteristics.

As vapor barrier materials for the walls of the steam room use:

ruberoid;
aluminum foil;
glassine;
film based on polyethylene.

Glassine and roofing material for thermal insulation of the steam room are rarely used. This is due to the fact that with strong heating, they emit toxic substances and unpleasant odors. The steam room is vapor-proofed with special foil materials. Allocate combined methods of vapor and thermal insulation. For example, NPP polypropylene, among its advantages we note:

excellent resistance to moisture;
resistance to temperature increase;
laminated coating prevents the development of mold and mildew;
combined thermal insulation.

In addition, it is possible to use rolled vapor barrier in the form of rolled foil or fiberglass boards. To seal the joints between vapor barrier materials, use foil tape.

The plates are installed on the ceiling with a small compensation gap of 20 mm. Thus, the effect of moisture on these areas is reduced. Please note that the vapor barrier in the steam room must be securely hidden behind the main finishing material, and a high-quality ventilation system is its complement.

Ventilation in the steam room video:

Often to ensure ventilation can be limited to aeration. It is necessary to make holes with dampers, it is advisable to choose the recommended places so that the air circulation is soft and constantly maintained. If necessary, you can use forced air exchange systems.

Above the stove

Opening for outside air equipped above the heater. An outlet is made in the opposite wall, it should be lower than the entrance. The warm stream will rise as a jet of cold air and exit through the hole. Due to the constant exit of warm air, cold air cannot enter through the outlet.

Behind the stove

The air inlet can be positioned at the bottom of the wall behind the stove. The stove will heat the incoming, cold air, so there will be no drafts or sudden temperature changes. Output channels can be built in the floor. They can pass through the underground, passing into the ventilation pipe that leads the air to the street. The air outflow created according to this scheme saves heat, helps to reduce heating costs, and gives comfort to those in the bath. The main advantage is the additional heating of the subfloor. It dries well, so mold and various fungi do not grow in it.

Under the stove

The hole is being made next to the stove as low as possible. When cold air passes by the stove, it heats up, so it rises. Exit holes are made in the corner opposite the furnace. To create the first, you need to measure 1 meter from the floor, and the second is built under the ceiling. They are connected by a ventilation box, which can be brought to the roof, for example, through the attic.

Hood under the floor

The hole for the forced draft must be equipped from the back of the oven. From the level of the heater, it should rise by 1.5 m. The hood is installed under the floor, at a distance of about 30 cm. A fan is mounted in the exhaust hole. All incoming air will be heated absolutely evenly. First, the air masses are heated from the furnace, rise up. After cooling, they rush down, go out into the street. To keep warm for a longer time, you need to make the exhaust hole as low as possible.

Other popular options

If there is no other possibility, you can make an air inlet anywhere on the wall near the stove, and the outlet is also in a free location, but in the opposite wall. To speed up air circulation, you can install a fan for the outlet.
The location of the inlet and outlet openings on the same wall opposite from the furnace. The air will enter through the one built at a height of 30 cm from the floor, and exit through the one installed 30 cm from the ceiling. This scheme is great for baths with only one external wall.
The inlet is placed at a distance of 30 cm from the floor behind the stove, and the outlet is also at a height of 30 cm, but on the opposite side.
Option for baths with a continuous cycle. The blower of the heater is used as an exhaust hood, so there is a need to equip only one hole for air inflow. It must be placed opposite the brazier at the height of its level.

One of the main elements of ventilation for the bath is a chimney. Warm air escapes better through a chimney than through ventilation holes. To freshen the air as quickly as possible, you need to open the chimney along with the equipped holes.

The temperature in the bath should not be allowed to drop lower than the street temperature. In this case, there is a risk of smoke in the room in which the stove is located, usually a steam room. Cooled air forms a plug, it can be released by opening all dampers on the ventilation openings, connecting the chimney. Sometimes you have to use a special opening for ash disposal.

Video on how to make ventilation in the bath with your own hands.

Do-it-yourself steam bath ventilation

In the steam room, it is desirable to install a stove-heater. It provides the main ventilation system. Air from the steam room passes through the blower, so its circulation is already well ensured. A blower is used instead of a special exhaust device. For maximum air outflow the oven must be installed at a level lower than the finished floor. To start ventilation, you only have to slightly open the front door or window. The disadvantage of this method of ventilation is that it is maintained only during the combustion of the furnace. If the device is inoperative, the hood stops completely.

In addition to the stove-heater, ventilation in the bath is maintained with extra holes(see photo below). They need to be closed with gates with a lattice. To regulate the air exchange in the steam room, it is enough just to open or close the shutters. After each park, airing the room is necessary, so you should open the holes for a while. If this is not done, the air will remain humid, heavy, and there is also a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning due to its high content.

When the steam room only heats up, the stove is heated, you need to make sure that the holes are tightly closed. When the room is warm enough, they can be opened. In order to avoid the formation of reverse draft, it is necessary to provide at the construction stage that the area of exhaust openings exceeds the supply ones. Steam accumulates at the very top, to lower it, you can spray water on the floor in small quantities. To quickly lower the steam, you can also wave the broom or towel in different directions.

If the stove is not installed directly in the steam room, then a different ventilation method is used. A supply hole is made near the heater at a height of 30 cm from the floor. On the wall opposite from it, an exhaust is made, placing it 30 cm down from the ceiling.

Sometimes the inlet is placed behind the stove at the bottom of the wall. The air coming from the street is warmed by the stove, so the room cools moderately. On the opposite wall to the stove, you need to form 2 openings. They will make up one exhaust duct. The first opening is made at a distance of 1 m from the floor, and the second under the ceiling. The air is expelled through the hood to the roof.

With the device of such ventilation, the steam room is quickly warmed up, while fuel is saved. The smell of mustiness in the room is prevented, as the subfloor dries well.

natural ventilation

To get fresh air into the bath, you need to make a small opening in the wall, located at a distance of about 50 cm from the stove. A retractable damper is equipped for it, which allows you to adjust the amount of incoming air. Too high an arrangement is not reasonable, since the hottest air rises to the ceiling. To use the heat from the stove to the maximum, you need to make a hole in the middle of the wall. If the hole is too low, the thrust will be minimal. In order for it to be carried out correctly, it is necessary to install a ventilation pipe or purchase a fan.

Forced ventilation

To get as much fresh air into the steam room as possible, openings should be placed diametrically to each other. If forced air outflow is used, it is desirable to make the supply hole higher than the exhaust one. If it is possible to build a ventilation system in which the air flow enters from below, heats up from the stove, rises, and then goes outside, then additional fans will not be required.

When using fans Do not place both the supply and exhaust openings at the same level. The air supply may close, which will lead to the concentration of cooled air masses from below, while at the top it will be too hot.

It is undesirable to have an exhaust opening in the ceiling. When the incoming air goes up, you will have to spend a lot of time on sufficient heating of the room. Warm air quickly rises, mixing little with cold air, and quickly leaves the bath. You can take the air up in the dressing room, if the goal is to heat it from the steam room.

Cross section of openings for ventilation should be related to total area baths or steam rooms separately. Do not make holes too small. If the ventilation is insufficient, it will take a long time to update the air, it may become too humid, and mustyness will appear.

Scheme of ventilation in the steam room of the Russian bath.

Washroom ventilation

As in the steam room, a large accumulation of moisture is also noted in the washing bath. To avoid constantly damp air, leading to the appearance of fungi and mold, it is necessary to ensure its timely removal to the outside. Many water often accumulates under the floor, so an asbestos pipe is often sufficient for good ventilation. It can be placed in a corner. One end of the pipe is placed under the finishing floor, and the other is brought to the roof, it must be equipped with a deflector.

The construction of moderate, adjustable ventilation allows you to keep the bathhouse dry, maintain a moderate temperature, get rid of humidity, and constantly inhale renewed, fresh air. Ventilation regulates the direction and location of the air inlet and outlet, the removal of carbon monoxide, and provides savings on fuel for the stove.

Among the most important indicators of the Russian bath, they traditionally name the temperature and the level of humidity, forgetting about another fundamental indicator - air exchange. This is very reckless, because even if you carefully insulate the room and achieve comfortable humidity, staying in a steam room with stale air will not only be uncomfortable, but also dangerous. If you want to avoid such a fate, take care of the ventilation in the steam room in advance. You can even equip such a system with your own hands - let's take a closer look at how to do it right.

Why does a Russian bath need ventilation?

Before proceeding to the description of the features of the direct technological process, first we will clarify why ventilation is necessary in the bath in the steam room. It is no secret that many skeptics consider its arrangement only an unjustified waste of time and money, but this is far from the case - the lack of a ventilation system can lead to at least three sharply negative consequences.

Types of ventilation systems for the steam room

Ventilation in the bath in the steam room can be of three types:

natural;
mechanical;
combined.

The natural system assumes that air circulation is provided by the difference in pressure and temperature levels in the steam room and on the street. The principle of operation here is simple: first, hot air rises to the upper zone of the steam room, and then leaves through the exhaust hole to the street, thereby discharging the atmosphere in the bath - this creates the conditions for drawing in new air through the supply hole. The advantage of such ventilation is minimal financial costs. But here one nuance must be taken into account: with insufficient insulation of the structure, the natural air duct will be an obstacle to high-quality heating of the bath.

Mechanical ventilation operates by means of special devices that control the exit of exhaust air and the supply of new air flows into the steam room. As a rule, various kinds of fans act as such devices. The advantage of the mechanical system is that ventilation equipment can be installed in almost any area of the room.

Advice. A classic duct fan is not suitable for a bath, as it will not withstand the harsh conditions of a steam room - it is better to use special models made of glass-filled polyamide that can withstand high temperatures - up to 130 degrees.

Combined ventilation combines elements of both natural and mechanical systems. It functions in this way: mechanical devices are responsible for extracting the exhaust air, and fresh air enters through a separate supply opening.

Ventilation schemes

There are at least five working ventilation schemes that can be used in a steam room - choose a specific option based on the design features of your Russian bath.

The supply opening is behind the stove at a distance of 50 cm from the heater, and the exhaust opening is opposite, at a distance of 20 cm from the base of the floor. The air is removed forcibly - this is provided by a fan built into the lower opening.
The supply opening is behind the heater at a distance of 30 cm from the floor base, the exhaust opening is at a distance of 20 cm from the floor on the opposite wall. The air is forced out - with the help of a fan. The main feature of the scheme is a very high rate of heating of fresh air.

Both openings - both flow and exhaust - are placed on one side directly opposite the stove, but at different levels: the first is at a distance of 30 cm from the base of the floor, the second is 20 cm from the ceiling. The system operates using a fan, which is mounted in the exhaust opening.

Advice. Such a scheme is suitable for baths with an internal placement of a steam room - when the room has only one external side.

The supply hole is behind the stove at a height of 20 cm from the base of the floor. There is no exhaust opening - instead, a special leaking floor is provided: the exhaust air masses pass through its slots to the ventilation pipe. Such a system guarantees the performance of an additional function - prompt drying of the floor.
The supply opening is opposite the stove at a distance of 20 cm from the base of the floor. The role of the exhaust hole is assigned to the blower. Such a scheme is suitable only for those baths where the heater operates continuously.

General rules for organizing ventilation in the steam room

Whichever version of the ventilation system you choose, you need to equip it according to certain rules.

Firstly, it is desirable to make all the holes for ventilation even at the stage of building a bath, since punching channels in an already finished structure is a very difficult process. The ideal option is to decide on a suitable scheme during the design of a Russian bath in order to make all the necessary changes to the work plan in a timely manner.

Of course, organizing ventilation in the bath with your own hands is not an easy task. But it is fundamentally necessary: without air exchange, you can forget about the comfort, safety and durability of the steam room. Now you know the main rules and subtleties of this work - if you stick to them, you will definitely be able to make a high-quality ventilation system even without professional help.