In the last weeks of winter, spectacular flowering plants appear on sale, which are called primrose. Their flowers can be painted in the most different colors, and they are located in the middle of a rosette of green leaves, which cannot but please with its spring freshness.
A plant such as primrose (Primula), which is also called primrose, is directly related to the primrose family (Primulaceae). Such a plant is herbaceous and in the wild it can be found in areas with a temperate climate, for example, in Europe, North America, Asia, and also China. This genus unites more than 500 plant species, among which there are both perennial and annual.
The leaves of this plant are collected in a basal rosette. They are covered with a small pile or wrinkled, as well as heart-shaped, and they are located on long petioles with serrated edges.
Primrose flowers can be painted in a variety of colors. color shades. Flowers are either collected in umbellate or racemose inflorescences, or are solitary. This plant blooms for a long time.
Primula is grown as a garden plant, and flowers appear on it at the very beginning of spring, which is why they are also called primroses. This plant is medicinal and has long been used for the preparation of various medicinal products. So, tea made from flowers is drunk in order to strengthen nervous system. They also make soothing and diaphoretic decoctions. And in the spring, salads are prepared from young primrose leaves. And that's all, because only 1 leaf of this flower is able to saturate the body daily rate vitamin C.
You should also be aware that there are indoor species of such a plant that can cause allergies (most often it is obconica). When working with such primroses, flower growers notice that irritation or a rash appears on their hands. In this regard, these flowers are recommended to be placed in a place inaccessible to small children.
At home, perennial primrose obconica is often grown, as well as a large number of different hybrids of garden primrose.
Such a herbaceous plant as primrose obconica is a perennial and has leaves with a pubescent surface. The leaves, whose length can reach 10 centimeters, have a rounded shape and wavy edges, they are located on long petioles. Flowers collected in umbrella inflorescences are painted in pink, blue, white, red or purple.
IN room conditions garden primrose is grown as a forcing plant, and often they are found on sale at the very end of the winter period. Such garden hybrids practically do not cause an allergic reaction. When the plant has finished flowering, it can be planted in open ground. Most of these species successfully winter at home and bloom for several years.
This is a fairly undemanding indoor plant. It is recommended to place it in a well-lit place, and also not to fill it heavily so that rot does not form.
Temperature regime
It is recommended to keep in a cool room. So, when the plant blooms, it needs a temperature of about 12-15 degrees. Primrose obconica prefers higher temperatures (16-20 degrees). After it has faded, it is moved to a cool room or transplanted into open ground, while choosing a shaded place. In the last weeks of summer, primrose obconica must be moved into the room.
Prefers diffused light. The scorching sun's rays can harm this flower.
Humidity
There are no special requirements for air humidity. However, if it is too low, then in some types of primrose, the edges of the leaves begin to dry. Systematic spraying of foliage is recommended, and soft water should be used for this.
When the plant blooms, it is watered quite often, since the earth must be slightly moistened all the time. But it should be noted that it is not necessary to fill it, as this can lead to the formation of rot on the roots. When flowering ends, the plant is watered sparingly. Soft water is used for irrigation.
top dressing
You need to start feeding the primrose only after the buds are formed. To do this, use a weak solution of complex fertilizer with trace elements. Feed the plant until the end of the flowering period 2 times a month. It is not recommended to fertilize before the appearance of buds, since only foliage will grow intensively.
Transfer
After the garden primroses have faded, they are transplanted into open ground. Those plants that remained in the house must also be transplanted and at the same time their daughter outlets must be separated.
Earthmixture
For planting, an earth mixture is suitable, consisting of leaf and peat soil, as well as sand taken in equal proportions. Primrose obconica requires the addition of 1 share of turf land. Don't forget a good drainage layer.
Primula can be propagated by seeds, as well as by dividing the bush, which is produced during plant transplantation.
Seeds are usually obtained using artificial pollination. Sowing is carried out in June or July and a wide, low capacity is chosen for this. Seeds should be sprinkled with a thin layer of light moistened earth (about 2 mm thick). Then they are covered with glass or film. The seed container should be kept in a shaded place where the temperature will be between 15 and 18 degrees. After a couple of weeks, the first shoots should appear.
You can also propagate primrose and division. To do this, in the spring, you need to separate the side shoots and plant them in a box filled with sand. From above they should be covered with a film of polyethylene or a glass jar. When they take root, you need to transplant in separate pots. An adult primrose is recommended to be overlaid with moistened moss in the spring, after a while layering should appear. When they develop roots, these cuttings should be transplanted into separate pots.
For distillation, as a rule, they take a two-year-old bush or an older divided plant. The flower must be dug up just before the frost, while it must be taken with a large lump of soil. Primrose can be planted directly in flower pot or put in a box for storage. For storage, the plants are placed in a greenhouse closed for winter period frames and dry foliage, or in the basement. The temperature there should be about 4-8 degrees. If it is warmer or lighter, then only foliage will grow intensively. In this case, the development of buds will be slow or completely absent. Plants do not need to be watered.
In the last weeks of January, the first - February, you need to put the primrose in a bright room, where the temperature will not exceed 18 degrees. In this case, watering should be resumed gradually. There are species that begin to bloom in February, on others flowers appear in March or April. To prolong flowering, it is necessary to place the primrose in a room with a temperature not higher than 10-15 degrees.
After the end of flowering, these plants are not thrown out. They are placed in a bright, cool place and provide moderate watering. In the spring they are transplanted into the garden. After 2 or 3 years, these primroses can again be divided and used for distillation.
Video review
Primula is a low plant from the primrose family. It got its name because of the early flowering, which in the wild begins when there is still snow on the meadows. In total, there are more than 500 species of primrose, most of which grow in North America, Europe and Asia. But thanks compact size some varieties of it can be grown at home as an annual or perennial plant.
Primrose in natural conditions
The plant has flowers in the form of umbrellas raised above the green foliage. Each petal closer to the base is colored yellow, while the colors of the inflorescences are varied. The shape of the leaves depends on the variety of primrose and can be heart-shaped, round or oval. The surface of the leaves is wrinkled, and their edges are serrated or wavy.
The plant contains vitamins, amino acids, polysaccharides and has healing properties. A decoction of dried primrose leaves helps in the treatment of respiratory diseases, removing phlegm. In addition, the plant has a calming effect.
You should not start a primrose for people who are sensitive to allergens, as some of its varieties can cause a strong reaction in the body.
Types of room primrose with a photo
Majority garden species primroses tolerate cold and feel good in the open field, but houseplants require special care.
The work of breeders does not stand still, thanks to which new hybrid varieties appear, adapted for growing both at home and in their summer cottage.
Indoor types of primrose include:
- Primula malacoides, or soft-leaved primrose.
- Primula obconica, or reverse conical primrose.
- Primula vulgaris, or stemless primrose.
- Primula kewensis, or kyursky primrose.
- Primula chinensis, or Chinese primrose.
Primrose soft-leaved
The second name is a soft (delicate) primrose. This is a plant with densely arranged toothed leaves and tall flower stalks, the number of which can reach eight pieces. It is characterized by abundant flowering from the beginning of winter to the first days of spring.
On one primrose, you can count up to 45 buds, the size of which does not exceed 1.5 cm in diameter. In the wild, the primrose has a lilac color, but now cultivars have been bred with a solid white, pink, red color, or a combination of them.
The most famous types of soft-leaved primrose are:
Primrose reverse conical
The plant has heart-shaped foliage, above which a peduncle with umbrellas rises as a second tier. Flowers reach 3-4 cm in diameter and exude a barely perceptible aroma. The petals come in various shades (white, red, hot pink, blue and purple), and in some specimens the core is green.
The plant pleases with its flowering from spring to the beginning of winter, and under favorable conditions year-round. Primula obconica is not suitable for all growers, as it contains a substance on its leaves that irritates the skin and causes allergies. But you can find new and hybrid varieties of reverse conical primrose that are safe for allergy sufferers.
Popular obkonika varietal series:
Primrose stemless
This primrose is also called ordinary. It is suitable for growing both on the windowsill and in the open field. Common primrose has oval, wrinkled, bright green leaves and large flowers, reaching a diameter of 4 cm.
Blooms from February to late summer. There are varieties with pink, red, orange, lilac colors.
Common varieties:
primrose kyuskaya
This is a rare species of primrose, although it was bred specifically for indoor cultivation. The plant has green or whitish foliage with serrated edges. Yellow tubular flowers reach 2 cm in diameter and are located on tall peduncles.
Kyurskaya primrose is characterized by long flowering from autumn to the end of winter.
Chinese primrose
This variety is characterized by large wavy flowers collected in umbrella inflorescences. The leaves have toothed leaves densely covered with fine hairs. Primula chinensis is grown as an annual or biennial, which is associated with the gradual loss of a decorative plant appearance.
There are many varieties of Chinese primrose, which differ in the shape of the flower. They are simple or terry, and some resemble a rose in appearance.
reproduction
One of the most popular ways to breed primroses is seed propagation. The time for planting depends on the plant variety, for example, Primula malacoides is sown in summer, and Primula obconica in spring. If you follow all the rules, then in six months the plant will please with its first flowers.
To grow primrose from seeds, you must:
- Prepare the soil, which should consist of sand and leafy humus.
- Place the seeds on the surface of the earth without sprinkling them.
- Moisten the seeds with a little water, preferably from a spray bottle.
- Cover the pot with a transparent bag or glass and leave in a bright, cool place, the temperature of which does not exceed 18 ° C.
- Ventilate the greenhouse daily for half an hour and monitor the humidity.
- Remove the greenhouse ten days after seedlings germinate.
Primrose seeds do not germinate early, some of them can "sit" in the ground for 2-3 weeks. If everything went well, then the seedlings can be transplanted into separate pots already 3 months after germination.
Stages of seed propagation
Another way to propagate room primrose is to divide the bush, which is done after flowering. For this you need:
The division of the bush
The last way to propagate primrose is cuttings. It is used in case of impossibility of dividing the bush and assumes:
- Preparation of a shallow container and soil consisting of peat and sand.
- Cutting from the mother plant of a leaf with a cutting.
- Placing the leaf into the ground at a slight angle (sometimes the leaf is cut into several pieces).
- Control of soil moisture and exclusion of its drying out.
Planting leaf parts in the ground for rooting
Rooting of cuttings occurs 80-100 days after planting. After this time, the plant can be transplanted into separate pots.
Primrose Care
Primula is a capricious plant that requires certain conditions even with annual cultivation.
The main activities in the care of room primrose:
- watering. It is necessary to moisten the soil in a pot regularly, but moderately, since waterlogging can cause rotting of the root system, and overdrying will adversely affect the development and growth of primrose. As irrigation, it is better to use settled or melted water at room temperature. It is important during watering to ensure that water does not fall on the leaves, as they can rot. Therefore, it is best to water the primrose through a pan or by immersing the pot in water;
- temperature. Indoor primrose does not tolerate heat. The optimum temperature for its content will be 15–18 ° C;
- lighting. For a comfortable maintenance of the primrose, it is necessary to provide it with a bright place away from direct sunlight. She will feel good on the western or eastern window. Lack of lighting adversely affects the duration and intensity of flowering;
- humidity. When growing primrose, this indicator should be at an average level. If the air in the room is very dry, then you should purchase a humidifier. With it, you can, for example, cover the battery under the windowsill on which the flower stands with a damp cloth and change it as it dries. You can put a container of water next to the plant;
- top dressing. It is necessary to fertilize the soil twice a month throughout the entire flowering period. For this, complex fertilizers are used in half the concentration indicated on the label. During the rest period, additional nutrition must be completely abandoned;
- transfer. Young plants need an annual transplant, while adults - no more than once every 2-3 years. For transplanting, you need to select a shallow and wide pot that is 1-1.5 cm larger than the old one. The purchased soil must be mixed with sand in a ratio of 3: 1, and expanded clay is poured onto the bottom of the pot. If in appearance the plant does not need to be transplanted, then you can only replace the topsoil with a new one;
- pruning. It consists in the timely removal of yellowed leaves and withered buds along with the peduncle.
Diseases and pests
The primrose will show a poor condition by deteriorating appearance and refusing to bloom. Errors in care may indicate:
In addition to the error in care, on appearance Primrose is affected by various diseases and pests. The main diseases include:
Indoor primrose is a houseplant that requires high-quality care and maintenance of certain conditions. Only compliance with all rules is a guarantor abundant flowering and health of the primrose. Before buying a flower, you should carefully evaluate your desires and possibilities.
Beneficial features primroses, or primroses, have been known to flower growers and botanists for several centuries. The plant is widely used for the preparation of decoctions, ointments, tablets. Few people know that primrose contains more vitamin C than any known citrus. Also the culture is rich essential oils and carotenes, which promote better hair and nail growth.
The plant has bactericidal and wound healing properties, so it is often used in traditional medicine for scratches, cuts and burns. In addition, the flower is used to brew tea, which helps in the fight against depression and fatigue.
Indoor primrose has become a frequent visitor and alive decorative ornament in many houses and apartments. How to properly grow and replant a plant - in our article with a photo.
Primrose Care
Primula is considered one of the most undemanding plants in care, however, this flower also has its own characteristics, which you must know for the successful cultivation of a green beauty.
This is interesting: primrose is used as a medicine for beriberi. Its juice has a tonic effect.
Lighting
Before you start breeding room primrose, you need to determine its location in the room. It is recommended to choose a west or north window. Direct sunlight is detrimental to the plant, so take care of the presence of blinds or curtains.
Watering
A bright and interesting primrose flower, home care for which will not cause you much trouble, requires moderate irrigation. A sufficient amount - 1 time in 10 days. It is necessary to water exclusively with clean, infused water for 3 days.
Advice: primroses are susceptible to cold water, therefore, before the soil moistening procedure, it is recommended to heat the liquid at the battery for an hour.
During the flowering period, the number of irrigations must be increased up to 2 times in 10 days. Water should be poured directly into the outlet. The ground should be moist during blooming. However, it is important not to overdo it so that the substrate does not become gruel, but root system didn't rot.
Humidity
The optimal humidity level for a flower is 50%. Primula is not at all capricious and whimsical in this regard. However, excessive dryness can lead to yellow spots and dried ends on the leaves, which will be the result of their fall. It is advisable to spray the plant with purified water twice a week.
Optimum temperature
The standard temperature regime for this crop is 20-22 degrees, however, during the flowering period, the primrose must be moved to a cooler place, where the thermometer will not exceed 16 0 C.
The soil
To get a substrate for primrose, you need to combine the three components in equal proportions. Best Option- a combination of peat, river sand and sheet soil. It is allowed to add a small amount of sod land.
Advice: for better oxygen exchange and nutrition, put small stones on the bottom of the pot - drainage.
You can buy ready-made substrate in the flower market. Before buying, consult with a sales assistant. As a rule, earth for geraniums is suitable from store compositions.
What to fertilize
With the advent of the first buds, the flower must be constantly fed. The frequency of additional irrigation is 2 times a month. After the plant stops flowering, fertilizer should be gradually stopped.
Store-bought universal products are actively used as top dressing. Do not exclude the use of self-made fertilizers. In particular, dilute 1 teaspoon of the phosphorus-potassium composition in warm settled water and irrigate the flower according to the calendar.
Pest control
The leaves of the bright indoor primrose are attractive to many insects. It is necessary to deal with their appearance immediately, so as not to eliminate the consequences of the attack of pests later. It is necessary to carry out preventive measures from time to time:
- Ventilate the room.
- Timely remove dried leaves, flowers, stems.
- Use plant growth stimulants, for example, "Epin" or "Zircon".
- Constantly monitor the presence of rot, stains.
- Maintain optimum soil moisture.
- Carry out infrequent alcohol treatment of the leaves.
spider mite
As a rule, this unwanted "guest" appears on the primrose during the heat period, high temperatures and lack of moisture. For prevention, treat the leaves every 2 weeks with a mild soapy solution. If the spider mite has “settled” and has been feeding on the plant for several months, then it is recommended to fight it with more serious methods, for example, you can spray the leaves with an insecticide.
Important: using chemical substances take precautions - carry out the treatment in the fresh air, put on rubber gloves and special plastic goggles.
Aphid
In order for aphid control to be effective, the use of serious chemicals: "Fitoverm" or "Vertimek". It is better to ask the seller about the proportions of dilution of these funds or read the instructions. In addition, it is allowed to use any zoo shampoo with permethrin.
caterpillars
If perennial flower became withered, the leaves became stained and began to thin out - caterpillars settled on the primrose. To combat them, use insecticides from the group of synthetic pyrethroids. Only these funds will be able to cope with voracious insects. Folk methods are unlikely to be effective in this case.
How to breed at home
Indoor primrose reproduces in two ways: using seeds or dividing the bush. The algorithms for each option are described in detail below.
To grow a new primrose from seed, follow these instructions:
- Every year, at the end of the summer season, prominent boxes ripen on the room primrose, in which the seeds are located. They must be carefully collected and immediately landed.
- You will need several cups or small pots of fresh primrose or geranium substrate. For planting in each container, prepare no more than 3 seeds. Press the flower seeds lightly into the soil.
- Cover the pot or glass with cling film so that excess air does not enter and the greenhouse effect is maintained.
- Once a day, open the film to aerate the soil. After about 20 days, the first shoots should appear, which must be transferred to a dark place. The temperature regime for the successful growth of a new plant is 13-15 degrees.
- As a rule, only one seed out of three sprouts - the one that is the healthiest and strongest. However, it is possible that all three will begin to sprout. In this case, select the two weakest seedlings and carefully cut off at the base.
- After 1.5-2 months, the seedling should get stronger. Only then can it be transplanted into a separate permanent pot, where the same care will continue for it as for an adult plant.
If you decide to divide the bush, and thereby propagate the flower, then follow this algorithm:
- The procedure must be carried out in March. Transplanting and dividing primrose is not as difficult as it seems at first glance. First, it must be removed along with the root system from the pot. To make the earth better lagged behind, the plant can be watered with a small amount of water.
- Next, carefully divide the primrose into 2-3 bushes, so that 3-4 growth buds remain in each separated area. Slices are recommended to sprinkle charcoal crushed in advance.
- Plant each bush in a separate pot with fresh soil.
- After 10 days, the sprout can be watered and a little fertilizer added. Further care for primrose is no different from the content of an adult plant.
Winter storage and replanting
If you have become the proud owner of an indoor primrose in the snowy season, then in order to save it, a primrose transplant is necessary - it will not live long in a store-bought peat substrate and a small amount of fertilizer.
The procedure should be carried out a day after buying a green beauty.
- Pick up a convenient pot, pour drainage to the bottom, prepare a universal substrate and a small amount of river sand.
- Carefully remove the plant itself from the old container, being careful not to damage the rhizome.
- Mix the earth with river sand and sprinkle a little drainage with the mixture.
- Next, hold the rosette of the plant with one hand, and gently pour the substrate to the edges of the pot with the other.
- Pour the primrose abundantly with soft settled water. Now she will be able to bloom and delight the owners all winter.
If the primrose transplant was done in advance, then make sure that it stands in a warm room in winter, avoid drafts. Low temperatures are detrimental to room culture, so it is recommended to choose a place on the windowsill, not too close to the battery, where diffused sunlight will fall.
Plant diseases
Improper care of primrose can lead to its disease or attack by various pests. The main and frequent diseases of room primrose, which occur due to drafts, excessive overflow, insufficient lighting, cause damage to the root system, leaves, flowers, and in some cases, the death of the culture.
Rot
The reasons for this phenomenon are too frequent irrigation and lack of light, and possibly very high humidity. Experiment and observe the primrose by moving it to a warmer place, or moderate watering to once every two weeks.
If this method of dealing with rot did not help, therefore, the entire root system began to die. In this case, the primrose needs to be urgently transplanted into a fresh, dry, loose substrate.
powdery mildew
Among the varieties of indoor primroses, Chinese primrose is especially popular. It has original bright inflorescences, and is also quite unpretentious in terms of watering and temperature regime. However, the flower is prone to frequent diseases, for example, a fungal disease - powdery mildew.
The main causes of the disease are insufficient air supply, contact with neighboring diseased plants, lack of the right amount light or nutrients. Symptoms of damage are easy to determine - a characteristic white coating appears on the leaves, after which the flower begins to dry out and dies.
The disease can be prevented or eliminated. As a preventive measure, use a mild soapy solution. If the disease progresses, then the leaves and flowers must be treated with a sulfuric composition. From folk remedies from powdery mildew baking soda also works well. Proportion for the mixture: 1 teaspoon per 3 liters of purified water.
Of the more serious control options, small-drop spraying with Bordeaux liquid can be considered. In addition, a 1% lime-sulphur decoction is suitable. Irrigation is recommended to be done at a room temperature of no more than 19 degrees.
leaf spot
The cause of this phenomenon may be excessive moisture or watering. Also, spots on the leaves occur due to a lack of fertilizers or, conversely, their abuse. If you notice an unpleasant defect on the plant, then you need to immediately cut off the affected leaves. Next, the primrose is sprayed special tool. Suitable Fundazol, Tsineb, Topsin or a solution of copper sulphate. The dosage is indicated in the instructions for the drugs.
Growing and caring for room primrose is not as difficult a process as it might seem at first glance. Following our simple advice and recommendations, you can easily get a bright elegant plant as a living decorative addition to your home comfort.
Reading min. Views 1k. Published on 07/19/2016
plant care guide
Once every 2 years, in August 10-15 - in winter, spring and during flowering, after flowering it is better to take it out to the balcony During flowering, abundant watering so that the soil is always moist, after flowering - watering is reduced Bright ambient lighting
Lighting
Primrose prefers bright, but at the same time diffused lighting.
For primrose, window sills facing west or east are perfect. There will not be enough light on the north side, and on the south window the scorching sun can leave burns on the leaves.
The flower can grow in partial shade and even in the shade, but the lack of lighting will affect the duration of its flowering. If you keep the plant in bright but diffused sunlight, it can bloom from February to July, subject to abundant watering and no overheating.
After flowering, the plant begins a dormant period. At this time, it does not form new leaves and peduncles, but the old leaves do not fade. At this time, it is best to move the flower to a less lit place, keep it in partial shade. In winter, you need to put it on the northern windowsill closer to the glass to provide partial shade at low temperatures. Before flowering, the lighting is gradually increased.
Temperature
The optimum temperature for primrose in winter and spring, during the flowering period, will be 10-15 degrees. If the temperature rises higher, this has a negative effect on flowering: flowers can fall off quickly, and the flowering period itself is very shortened.
An exception is the type of "back-conical primrose" - it is thermophilic, and for normal development it needs a temperature of 16-20 degrees.
Watering
During flowering, primrose should be watered abundantly. It is important to ensure that the soil in the pot is always slightly damp..
At the same time, overflow should not be allowed: stagnation of water in the soil can provoke rotting of the root system.
After flowering, watering is somewhat reduced. The next moistening is carried out a few days after the topsoil has dried.
For irrigation, it is optimal to use rain or melt water at room temperature. IN last resort- defended for several days. When watering the plant, do not allow water to get on the leaves: this can cause them to rot.
The soil
Primrose soil should not be very nutritious, with a neutral or slightly acidic reaction. You can buy a ready-made substrate for geraniums or flowering houseplants and add some sand to it.
You can also make your own mixture. In this case, you need to mix peat, sand, leaf and sod land in equal proportions.
Before planting, the earth mixture should be disinfected by spilling a weak solution of potassium permanganate.
The pot must be selected with holes for draining. At its bottom it is important to lay good layer drainage, consisting of expanded clay, clay shards or polystyrene.
Fertilizer
Top dressing of primroses begins with the appearance of the first buds and continues until the end of flowering.
It is optimal to use liquid mineral fertilizers for primrose for flowering plants . In this case, the concentration indicated on the package should be halved. The frequency of top dressing is once every 2 weeks.
Can be applied to the soil once during the flowering period organic fertilizer- a solution of bird droppings. After flowering, when the plant is at rest, it is usually not fed. But a single application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil is useful for increasing leaf mass during the growing season. For this purpose, liquid fertilizers for deciduous plants or a 0.1% solution of ammonium nitrate are suitable.
Humidity
Primula is not particularly demanding on air humidity, however, when kept in a room with dry and hot air, measures will need to be taken to increase humidity. Otherwise, the tips of the leaves will dry out.
To ensure favorable conditions, you can place containers of water around the plant.. Evaporating, it will increase the humidity. Another option is to place the pot in a tray filled with damp sphagnum, expanded clay, or pebbles.
Primrose leaves should not be sprayed, because from excessive moisture they begin to deteriorate and rot.
Diseases
Now let's look at how to care for primrose at home during a plant disease.
With improper care, primrose can be affected by fungal diseases, leading to rotting of the root system, and viral, causing stunting, chlorosis and leaf deformation. Appropriate fungicides should be used to control them.
Aphids, spider mites, thrips can pose a danger to primrose.
Primrose, or primrose (popular name rams, lambs, golden keys of spring) is a low bush, the peduncles of which can reach 50-70 cm, but are more often limited to 20-45 cm. Inflorescences of bright colors. They have red, purple, yellow, white, orange hues. They are a small bouquet. Looks great, being in the center of a rosette of green leaves.
The leaf plates are covered with fluff, differ in characteristic wrinkling, have wavy edges. Rhizomes short, sometimes creeping.
blooms in early spring, pleases for a long time.
Kinds
There are at least 390 species.
Basic, most suitable for the room:
Ordinary (stemless)
Wavy leaves. Large yellow, red, purple flowers with bright yellow centers.
Primrose stemless
reverse conical
Perennial, 45-60 cm high. Rounded, drooping leaves. Flowers blue, red.
soft-leaved
Fragrant, annual variety. Grows up to half a meter. Toothed leaf plates - 20 cm long. Flowering time is the second half of winter.
Chinese
Height - up to 30 cm. Serrated elongated leaves. Wavy flowers - 3-4 cm in diameter. It is grown in a 1-2-year-old culture, otherwise it grows and loses its decorative effect.
Chinese primrose
Cues
Leaf plates are rounded heart-shaped, they have a white coating. Inflorescence - yellowish umbrellas with a pleasant smell.
Primrose care after purchase
After buying the primrose in a week, you need to transplant:
- Buy soil;
- Choose a container with a diameter of 3 cm more;
- Transplant;
- Choose further care;
Important! If the purchased plant blooms, you should wait for the end of the flowering period.
The soil mixture should consist of sand, compost, peat (1:3:1).
Change after purchase
- Cover the bottom of the container with drainage holes with drainage (vermiculite, broken red brick);
- Above is the soil substrate. Make a recess in the center;
- Move the ram to the prepared mixture;
- Pour the remaining substrate;
- Leave 0.5 cm to the edge of the pot. Compact the soil slightly;
- Water.
Primrose transplant
Put the primrose at the window. No need to disturb (rearrange) for several weeks: let him get used to the new conditions. The light of the sun's rays should be diffused. Moisten after each drying of the earth. The first feeding - after 14 days. Then - once a month.
Growing conditions
Temperature
Optimal:
Spring - autumn - +19
In winter, during the budding period - +17
Humidity
Likes medium and high humidity. If the air is dry, the tips of the leaves begin to dry, the inflorescences fall off.
Therefore, the keys must be periodically sprayed.
Attention! Large drops should not be allowed to fall on delicate flower petals.
You can put a vessel filled with water nearby. Comfortable humidity will be maintained.
Lighting
Lambs need bright, but diffused light. Under direct ultraviolet rays, the leaves can burn. The western and eastern window sills of the house are perfect.
Choosing a place to put
Given that the keys love warmth, it is ideal to choose a room where the temperature is maintained from +12 to +20 degrees. Houses should be located away from the heating system, from drafts, vents.
How it looks in the interior.
Primroses - interior decoration
Sheep can emphasize any detail in the interior, thanks to their colors.
Perfect for a window sill or computer table. In summer, the terrace railings will serve as a good decoration.
Care at different times of the year
spring
The keys have a flowering period. It is necessary to provide +18 degrees. Inflorescences feel great on glazed balcony or in unheated greenhouses.
In summer
After flowering, faded flowers are removed. The keys are transplanted under the open sky in the shade - to rest. If buds appear, they must be removed to ensure abundant flowering in the spring. Make sure the soil is always moist.
autumn
Preparations for spring begin.
It is necessary to moisturize abundantly. Make sure that the water does not stagnate in the pot.
in winter
Can be reduced to +15. Top dressing is done in half the size of the norm once a month. Water sparingly as the soil dries out.
How to care during flowering
primrose bloom
February, March - the period of the full flowering of the queen of window sills. Flowering primrose must be kept in sunlight, but diffused light at 16-20 ° C. Correct use of east or west windows.
Moisturize abundantly. The earth must always be moist. Otherwise, the rams will drop the buds. Don't water it too much, the roots will rot.
Feed once every two weeks. A weak solution of a fertilizer mixture for flowering plants is used.
Peculiarity! If the flower stalks are removed immediately after the petals wither, the flowering period is increased by 2.5 months.
How to care after flowering
After spring flowering remove all flower stalks. The keys are transferred to a well-ventilated cool room, where the temperature is from +17 to +20. Shade lightly. The ideal place is a garden or balcony.
Can be transplanted by dividing into separate outlets. In autumn, the plants are returned home.
What is forcing and how to do it
Forcing plants is a technology that allows you to bring the flowering time closer.
Reference! For distillation, both garden primrose and indoor plants can be used: two-year-old seedlings or delenki (lateral processes of adult plants).
In late autumn, the keys with a large clod of earth are moved to separate pots.
Stored in basements, cellars, where + 5 - + 7 degrees. Do not water.
With the onset of February (maybe a little earlier), the pots (boxes) are transferred to a room where +17.
Start watering gradually. Waiting for buds to appear. They usually appear in last days February - early March.
When the culture fades, it continues to be moderately watered.
After the arrival of heat, the rams are moved under the open sky.
After two or three years, the shoots from the bushes can be taken for distillation.
Is it grown outdoors
In the spring, indoor primrose can be transplanted into an open-air garden in a shaded place.
Before the onset of autumn frosts must be brought home.
Signs of improper care
The main signs of improper care: various diseases of rams. Root rot, drying of leaf plates, the appearance of brown spots on them, falling flowers.
Transfer
Primrose transplantation is carried out in the fall
Requirements for transplanting a flower are determined by the characteristics of the variety. In general, you can replant annually or every 3-4 years, after flowering. Mainly in autumn (September, October).
Stages:
- A container is taken half wider than the previous one and with holes at the bottom.
- The bottom is covered with drainage (broken red brick, small pebbles, expanded clay).
- The soil is acquired similar to geraniums. A quarter is supplemented with sand.
- Transplanted carefully, without deepening the outlet. Slightly crushing the soil.
Planting seeds
We need to prepare the ground. Buy a special soil in the store.
Or they make a mixture: greenhouse land, river sand, weathered peat. All components are taken in equal amounts. Impregnate with a solution of potassium permanganate.
Planting primrose
Three periods are suitable for landing.
- Spring: February - early March. Seeds are sown in prepared soil under a film of greenhouses.
- Summer: July August. As soon as the lambs bloom, and the seeds ripen.
- Podzimny landing: November December. The best and most efficient.
Reference! Seeds are used both collected independently and purchased.
To accelerate germination, the sown seeds contain at +20. The soil is well saturated with moisture. After 9-11 days, the first shoots appear. The first picking of seedlings is carried out at the stage of appearance of 1-2 true leaves. The second usually coincides with the period when the threat of frost has completely passed, the transplant is performed in open ground.
reproduction
In addition to planting with seeds, reproduction is carried out by cuttings, rooting of shoots, dividing the bush.
Cuttings are used when the bush has one outlet, so it cannot be divided.
Cuttings 8–14 cm long are cut from the root neck so that they have a shoot or growth bud. Planted in boxes with soil mixture, Moisturize, cover transparent material. Take care of in the usual way.
Leaves appear after 3.5 months. The cuttings are planted in separate containers.
Rooting is suitable when the roots are weak, the rosettes have not yet developed to separate them. For this procedure, the sheet plate is reduced by a third. Then, together with the petiole, the kidney on it is separated from the base of the root, planted in a prepared container with sand (depth 1 cm).
Placed near a bright window sill. Temperature - +17 degrees.
Water moderately. Rooting occurs in two weeks.
ATTENTION. The division of the bush- most fast method breeding. It is produced when the lambs have completely faded.
The root is divided so that each part has a growth bud, rosette, root system. Slices are sprinkled with ash or activated carbon powder. Dropped off immediately at destination.
Moisturizing is done daily for two weeks.
pruning
In reality, primroses are not pruned. Drying leaves and buds must be removed so as not to infect other tissues of the plant. The procedure must be carried out in rubber gloves with disinfected (alcohol or bleach) scissors. Such pruning preserves the decorativeness of the ram, provides prevention from pests.
Primrose pruning
Rejuvenation
Primrose is rejuvenated every 3 years. Otherwise there is a disease. To rejuvenate the bush, they dig it up, divide it into parts, plant it at a distance of 18 cm from each other. Room - in different pots.
Add some ash and compost to the soil.
rest period
Rest begins after flowering, in late autumn. There are no flower stalks, but the leaves remain green. Lambs are transferred to a shaded, cool, ventilated place. It is possible on the northern window sill, closer to the glass. Water less often, moderately. Feeding should be discarded at this time. Dry branches are removed.
Watering and other water procedures
Water moderately. Humidification helps the lambs awaken from their winter rest. The earth should be moist, loose all the time. The appearance of buds is accompanied by abundant watering.
After flowering, the amount of water is significantly reduced. In this case, excessive drying of the soil should be controlled.
Improper hydration will adversely affect the duration and beauty of the amazing process.
Important water requirements:
- Use settled, rain, melted water
- Moisture temperature - room
- Tap water - prohibited, it is better to boil if there is no settled
- Sometimes it is allowed to use distilled
Watering methods
- Upper: the spout of the watering can spills the earth near the walls of the container. After an hour and a half, the liquid leaked to the pan is drained.
- Bottom humidification through the pallet. Draining water - after three hours.
- Immerse the pot until completely soaked.
The frequency of moistening depends on the frequency of drying of the earth.
When the air is dry, spraying is carried out:
In the summer they are sprayed on the surface of the green mass. In winter, the heating system dries out the air. Therefore, moistening around the keys is required. Also put vessels with liquid.
Watering primrose
Peculiarity! Additionally, weak solutions of liquid dressings are saturated with moisture. Fertilizer mixtures are used (according to the instructions, but the doses are less). Starting from the end of winter: once every 14 days.
top dressing
Top dressing should be moderate. Selected carefully for each period of the year.
Primrose top dressing
Spring
Before flowering - calcium nitrate (tablespoon - a bucket of water).
They pay once a month. Growth of green mass is provided. The culture is saturated with calcium, nitrogen.
flowering time
Potassium-phosphorus mixture (a tablespoon - a bucket of water) or a mixture for flowering crops. Used every three weeks.
Autumn
The lambs have bloomed. In late autumn, add a handful of fresh compost to each.
Important! After flowering, it is necessary to remove the yellow stems, dried flower stalks. They won't draw juices.
Diseases and pests
sick primrose
Diseases
Gray rot
The causative agent is a fungus. All parts are covered first with brown spots, then with a gray coating. Affected fragments die off. Spores are carried around, infecting nearby bushes. To avoid disease, you should ventilate the room more often. Remove diseased stems, flower stalks, treat with fungicide.
vascular wilt
The causative agent is mushrooms. The roots are starting to rot. Then the lower leaves wither, gradually the entire bush, complete decay occurs. Defeat occurs when
insufficient lighting, severe waterlogging, malnutrition.
Anthracnose
All above-ground organs are covered with brown depressed spots that interfere with the advancement of nutrients. The bush is dying. The disease develops when there is not enough phosphorus, potassium, the soil is highly moistened, its acidity is above normal.
To prevent diseases, it is necessary to inspect the flowers more often. If fungi appear, apply a copper-containing fungicide.
Chlorosis
influences hyperacidity earth. The surface of leaves and buds is covered yellow spots. Prevention - water with settled water, periodically add ferrous sulfate.
Pests
Different types of aphids
Black, green insects are located at the bottom of the leaf blade, suck out the juice.
From aphids, insecticides of the latest generation are used.
caterpillars
Aboveground parts gnaw. Leave stool. Control is the use of insecticides.
spider mite
Attention! May appear with purchased lambs, a bouquet, wind through an open window. Its colonies can settle on the entire above-ground part. They are all wrapped in cobwebs.
Good prevention - a shower, careful treatment with soapy water. Wash off after 9 minutes.
With a large area of \u200b\u200binfection, they are treated with the Fitoverm insecticide.
How to reanimate
Reasons why primrose wilts:
- The air is dry, the temperature is high
- Draft, low temperature
- Watering insufficient
- No top dressing
- Exposure to direct sunlight
To revive you need:
- Cut off faded stems, flower stalks.
- Gradually moisten, allowing the soil to dry out periodically. Water should be soft, room temperature.
- Feed with any fertilizer mixtures for flowers (once every two weeks).
- Bring the temperature to the optimum: +19 degrees. +16 is allowed. (To stimulate bud set).
- After the revival of the plants, they must be placed in a cool room until the end of budding.
Benefits and contraindications
Primrose is actively used in medicine
Traditional medicine uses all parts of the keys.
The roots are rich in saponins, which have healing powers:
- Tonic action
- Liver protection
- Stimulation of the metabolism of cholesterol, glucose.
When cut, the leaf can serve as an excellent plaster.
When the head hurts, cold
Pour two tablespoons of crushed dried petals with a glass of boiling water, leave for 7 minutes. Then strain. Take 40 ml twice a day.
For sore throat
Boil two teaspoons of crushed root in a glass of water for 4 minutes. Gargle with warm decoction 3 times a day.
For insomnia
Pour a glass of dried petals with vodka (0.5 liters). Shaking occasionally, insist for two weeks in a dark, cool place. Take in the evening: 7 drops before bed. Drop on a sugar cube.
Has an anti-cancer effect
Evening primrose is widely used in cosmetology. An excellent oil is obtained from its seeds. It is used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes.
Oil use:
- In the treatment of arthritis, intestinal inflammation, diabetes
- It cleanses the blood, normalizes blood pressure, lowers cholesterol levels.
- As a cosmetic product, it helps to rejuvenate the skin, reduce wrinkles.
- Strengthens hair
Contraindications
- Pregnancy, especially in the first trimester
- Individual intolerance
- Epilepsy
Carefully! The obkonika variety can cause allergies: irritation, the appearance of rashes on the skin. Must be cared for with rubber gloves. The potty must be out of the reach of small children.
Common mistakes and resuscitation
- Excessive watering. As evidenced by drooping stems. Bug fix: Reduce watering.
- Keeping in heat and dry air. The leaf plates are covered with dark spots, the buds fall off. Resuscitation: increase air humidity, ventilate the room
- Cold storage area. The leaves turn pale at the edges, wrinkle. It is urgent to raise the temperature to the required norm. If the plant has had time to freeze everything, you will have to grow a new one.
- The appearance of chlorosis: the leaves along the veins turn yellow or white. It is necessary to reduce watering, stop using hard water.
Answers to popular questions
Indoor primrose
Is indoor primrose affected by aphids?
Answer. If it's in a room, it's unlikely. Aphids breed outdoors in high humidity. On the balcony - her appearance is possible. Any insecticide should be used.
What is the flowering period for rams?
Answer. Depends on the variety. It can bloom for a month twice a year, it can continuously for a long time.
Why do green primrose plates turn yellow?
Answer. The reasons are different. Often depends on the soil. Too alkaline soil negatively affects. Optimal pH=6.1.
Is it possible to plant indoor primrose in open ground?
Answer. Maybe for the summer. In September, you need to dig it out, bring it home.
Output
Thus, primrose does not bring much trouble. It has wonderful healing properties. It is a wonderful decoration of window sills, flower beds. Its bright colors delight with their splendor for a long time.
Knowing about the virtues of the queen of window sills, flower growers love to breed a beauty at home and in flower beds.
