November is such a month when there is no much mandatory work in the garden, but there are several recommendations on what to do in the garden in November. For example, the beginning of November is a good time to spray the garden with a concentrated solution of mineral fertilizer (700 g of urea per 10 liters of water) in order to destroy pests wintering on the trunk and in the near-stem circle.
If there are lichens on the trunks, then in November you can get rid of them by “painting” these backbones with 7 - 10% (2.5 tablespoons per 1 liter of water) solution of iron sulfate. By spring, they will not remain on the plants.
The biggest helpers in the garden are birds. Remember to tie unsalted bird fat to fruit trees and leave the seeds in . Birds and ladybugs will rid the garden of pests faster than pesticides.
What can be planted before winter in the garden
Some plants and vegetables can be planted before winter. On the next year they sprout well and in the spring, when every day is dear, it is no longer necessary to plant. Therefore, let's make spring garden chores easier for ourselves and consider what vegetables are planted before winter.
Garlic belongs to bulbous plants and therefore needs a cold period for development. Therefore, it is planted before winter, and in early spring it is one of the first to begin to turn green, decorating the garden. before the onset of persistent frosts, but not too early. If it is planted earlier, when the warm autumn days are still lasting, then the garlic cloves can start growing and freeze with the onset of winter. If you are afraid that garlic plantings will freeze before winter, then just throw straw or wilted grass on the garden bed. It will create an additional air gap and will keep plantings from freezing.
Another cold-resistant vegetable is beets. Beets are sown before winter when the ground freezes to a depth of 5 cm. This usually happens in November. Beets are sown, leaving 20 cm between rows. After sowing the grooves, I fall asleep with pre-prepared humus. .
So that the beets do not go into the arrow, cold-resistant varieties are used for winter sowing. They are called so: Cold-resistant, Podzimnyaya.
What flowers can be planted in a flower bed before winter
- bulbous: daffodils, scillas, muscari, pushkinia, hionodoxes, crocuses, hyacinths, tulips.
- annuals: cornflowers, alyssum, calendula, small-flowered undersized marigolds.
- perennial: echinotia, aquilegia, delphinium, escholcia.
Also, flowers such as fescue, yaskolka, obrieta, Turkish carnation, wild garlic, perennial lupine, eryngium, tenacious, saxifrage, sedum, bryozoan, gypsophila paniculata, sparkling salvia, thyme, coreopsis, arabis can be planted in a flower bed before winter. Sprinkle them with compost, they will overwinter well and sprout in the spring.
Another thing you can plant before winter is any greens: parsley, dill, radish, celery, basil, as well as radish and celery. Podzimnie plantings of that greenery that slowly rises are good.
Just do not plant vegetables before winter in the garden in the mud. Better prepare the bed, make grooves and wait until it freezes. Then it is already possible to sprinkle plant seeds and cover them with sand, which is also prepared in advance.
Podzimny sowing of flowers and greenery in late autumn
- It is necessary to make a bed for crops before winter in advance - dig up the ground, make grooves so that they are picked up by a light frost and the earth freezes, retaining its shape.
- Do not sow in moist soil - the seeds will germinate.
- We distribute the seeds on the ground.
- Cover the seeds with loose, dry soil, such as from a greenhouse or purchased ready-made soil.
Autumn is the time to harvest and prepare for the new season. The amount of spring chores will depend on how the garden goes into the winter. It is for this reason that experienced gardeners never miss the opportunity to carry out as much work as possible from the fall. Prepare the beds, fertilize. And also - to plant some of the crops. What can be planted before winter? And onions, and greens, and root crops. There are many advantages to this approach: seedlings appear earlier, grow stronger, some crops have time to give a harvest before the activation of their main pests, the yield is obtained two weeks earlier, there is the possibility of re-planting. In this material, we will consider the features of winter sowing, as well as recommendations for a number of major crops.
General rules for winter crops
For winter crops it is not necessary to allocate large plot earth. If the products are not for sale, but for your table, the garden with total area in 5-6 sq. m. will fully provide a family of 4-5 people with both vitamin greens and early root crops.
It is better to choose a place for winter crops that is accessible, sunny, without a slope. Since the time to sow will come later (with the establishment of small frosts in the last decade of October, and in the south - November), it is better to prepare the land in advance. Back in August, fertilizers should be applied, the soil should be dug up, leveled, and before frosts (while the top layer has not yet frozen), grooves should be made.
There is a rule for seeding rates. Since the risk of falling out (loss) of a part of the seeds is inevitable, the rate should be increased by 25-50%. It is necessary to sow the seed material dry: after sowing, in no case water it.
Some gardeners practice not winter, but winter sowing. This is also possible in January, February. This method justifies itself where unstable autumn temperatures can provoke early seed germination. However, in this case, it is necessary to have a supply of land in order to sprinkle the frozen grooves. In the southern regions, this method is replaced by sowing in the January or February "windows", when the soil thaws, but does not have time to warm up enough to give the seeds growth.
After sowing, in order to better adhere the surface of the seeds to the soil, it is recommended to compact the soil above the furrows. And for warming - mulch. In winter, you need to try to throw snow on the ridges. Early in the spring, cover them with a film stretched over arcs - this will allow the earth to warm up earlier, somewhat accelerate the germination and growth of sown crops, and protect seedlings in case of return frosts.
1. Dill
Dill seeds sprout already at +3 ° C, so they can be sown only when the weather is cold. During the day it can be 0…+2 °С, at night -2…-3 °С.
Seeding depth 2.5-3 cm. Distance between rows 20 cm. Seeding rate per square meter- 3-5 g. You can also apply fan sowing on the surface, mixing the seeds with sand, and be sure to mulch on top. Varieties: Fireworks, Hercules, Daredevil, Earlier Miracle, Tenderness, Preobrazhensky, Redoubt, Gribovsky, Grenadier, Aurora. "Drummer", "Esta", etc. Dill sown before winter will be ready for the table in mid-May.
2. Parsley
Leaf parsley sprouts already at +2 ° C heat. Its seedlings freely tolerate temperatures down to -9 ° C. But the seeds germinate unfriendly, so winter sowing is more beneficial for her, especially in the southern regions. It allows parsley to buy time and start a more friendly growing season.
The seed sowing depth is 1-1.5 cm. The distance between the rows is 20-25 cm. The seeding rate per square meter is 0.6-1.5 g. Bordovicskaya", "Italian Giant", "Breeze", "Curly", "Ordinary Leaf", "Green Crystal", "Universal", "Astra", "Alba", "Esmeralda", "Pagoda" and many others. Podzimnie crops of leaf parsley allow you to collect the first leaves at the end of May. You can also pay attention to the root varieties: "Sugar", "Russian Size", "Eagle".
Leaf parsley sprouts already at +2 ° C heat. © Lovefood 3. Cilantro (coriander)
Good for crops in late autumn and cilantro. Its seedlings are not afraid of return spring frosts and freely survive cold snaps down to -8 ... -10 ° С.
Sowing depth of seeds 1-1.5 cm. Distance between rows 25-30 cm. Seeding rate per square meter - 5 g. Varieties: Shiko, Yantar, Debut, Alekseevsky 247, Taiga, "Stimulus", "Borodinsky", etc.
4. Salad
It is advantageous to sow lettuce before winter - an early harvest is obtained regardless of whether the spring was rainy or dry. The seeds of this crop tolerate low temperatures well, therefore, sowing is carried out at a steady cooling, when the thermometer readings drop to -2 ... + 2 ° С.
Seeding depth 2 cm. Distance between rows - 30-40 cm. Seeding rate per square meter - 0.6-0.7 g. Varieties: "Large head", "Sonata", "Moscow greenhouse", "Vitamin", "Gourmet", "Berlin Yellow", "Rhapsody", "Dubachok", "Festival" and many others. The salad sown since autumn is ready for the table already for the May holidays.
5. Watercress
Watercress sprouts in just a couple of days and immediately begins to grow rapidly. Therefore, it is impossible to rush with the winter sowing of this crop - you need to wait for frost.
The seeding depth is 1-1.5 cm. The distance between rows is 10-15 cm, with row sowing, the distance is practiced - 20 cm between lines, 50 cm between ribbons. Seeding rate per square meter - 3 g. Varieties: "Broad-leaved", "Narrow-leaved", "Curly cress".
6. Mustard salad (leaf)
Leaf or salad mustard is not afraid of frost, it easily tolerates cold snaps down to -5 ° C, it must be sown with the onset of the first stable frost.
The seeding depth is 1.5 cm. The distance between the rows is 25-30 cm. The seeding rate per square meter is 2-2.5 g. Varieties: Red-leaved, Green-leaved.
7. Spinach
Winter sowing of spinach has two terms. The first one is in last days September. Plants have time to form a rosette of small leaves, which will overwinter under snow cover. With the arrival of spring warmth, they will immediately begin to grow and after a week and a half it will be possible to pluck the first vitamin leaves from the garden.
The second term is in November-December (depending on the climatic zone), with the onset of stable frosts. In this case, the seeds will hatch already in the spring, which is also not bad, since the crop will give an early harvest.
Sowing depth of seeds 3-4 cm. Distance between plants - 7-10 cm. Between rows - 15-20 cm. Seeding rate per square meter - 4 g. Varieties: Juliana, Victoria, Matador, Universal ”, “Progress”, “Broad-leaved”, “Garant” and many others.
The winter sowing of spinach has two terms: in the last days of September and in November-December. © Charlie Nardozzi 8. Carrot
To sow carrots, the earth needs to settle, therefore, the garden bed must be prepared in advance. Sowing dates come at thermometer readings in the region of + 2 ... + 4 ° С.
Seeding depth 3-4 cm. Distance between rows - 15-20 cm. Seeding rate per square meter - 1 g. Varieties: "Supernant", "Alenka", "Karotel", "Incomparable", "Moscow Winter A 515" , "Zabava", "Early TSHA", "Artek", "Cannery", "Amstardam", "Vitamin 6", "Nantes -4", "Shantane 14" and many others.
Selective harvesting of root crops will begin from the beginning of June, but you need to remember: carrots sown in autumn are stored worse than during spring planting, so it is better to think over the required volume of production in advance.
9. Beets
It is impossible to hurry with the sowing of beets, its seeds are able to germinate already at +5 ° C, therefore, the timing of winter sowing must be shifted to a period of stable cooling, - 2 ... - 4 ° C.
The sowing depth of seeds is 3-4 cm. The distance between plants is 5-10 cm. Between rows is 20-30 cm. The seeding rate per square meter is approximately 4 g. Varieties for sowing before winter must be taken exclusively cold-resistant or marked "resistant to bolting »: Egyptian Flat, Podzimnyaya Flat, Darynya, Podzimnyaya A 474, Thekla, Cold-Resistant 19, Bordeaux 237, Podzimnyaya Incomparable, Detroit, Red Ball and others
The first harvest of root crops from winter beet crops can be carried out as early as late May or early June. But such beets are stored worse than during spring planting, so it is better, as in the case of carrots, to think over the required volume of production in advance.
10. Turnip
Turnips are sown before the start of stable frosts, about two weeks. In the spring, winter sowing allows it to form before the cruciferous flea begins its attack.
Sowing depth 3 cm. Distance in a row - 10-15 cm, three seeds per nest. Row spacing - 25-30 cm. Seeding rate per square meter - 2 g. Varieties: "Geisha", "Petrovskaya 1", "White Night". Turnips sown before winter will allow harvesting to begin in late May or early June.
Turnips sown before winter will allow harvesting to begin in late May or early June. © southernexposure 11. Celery
More often, winter sowing of celery is applied to leafy varieties, and any of them is suitable. But among the root there is a variety ("Root Gribovsky"), suitable for sowing in the fall.
The depth of seed placement is 1.5-2 cm. Seeding is thickened. The sowing rate of seeds per square meter is 0.1-0.2 g. Varieties: Root Gribovsky, Apple and others.
12. Horseradish
Growing horseradish from seeds is rare. Basically, this culture reproduces vegetatively. But, if by seeds, then winter sowing is an excellent choice!
Seeding depth is 2-3 cm. Distance between plants is 30-35 cm. Between rows is 50-70 cm. Varieties: "Valkovsky", "Rostovsky", "Atlant", "Suzdolsky", "Latvian".
13. Leek
They are not in a hurry with the crops of leeks. Its seedlings are afraid of frost, so the seeds are sown no earlier than when the thermometer starts to show below 0 ° C. The method is used mainly in the south.
Seeding depth 1.5 cm. Distance between plants - 8-12 cm. Between rows - 30-35 cm. Seeding rate - 2 g. Varieties: "Karantansky", "Columbus", "Vesta", "Pobedel" and others .
14. Onion sets and nigella
Onions are one of the crops recommended for winter planting, especially in cold climates. This method gives an earlier harvest and makes it higher, since, having early germination, the crop is less affected by diseases and pests. Planting dates for onion sets are two weeks before stable frosts, black onion - on frozen ground.
Oatmeal and the first fraction (onion size 1.5 cm in diameter) - best choice for winter sowing, they are planted according to the scheme of 3 by 15 cm. Sets (1.5-3 cm in diameter) 3 onions per nest, or compacted. Bulbs over 3 cm in diameter are seated according to the scheme 8-10 by 15-20 cm.
The planting depth of onion sets is 3.5-4 cm, black onion - 2.5 cm. It is better to take winter onion varieties: Danilovsky 301, Odintsovets, Radar, Carmen MS, Stuttgarten Risen , Shakespeare, Myagkovsky 300, Ellan, Buran, Mouzon and many others. Onions for feathers can be harvested at the end of May, turnips - by the middle of the summer season.
15. Bow-batun
Batun onions can be sown three times a season, but sowing before winter is considered the easiest.
Seeding depth 2-2.5 cm. Distance between plants - 20-25 cm. Between rows - 40-50 cm. Seeding rate - 6-8 g. Varieties: April 12, Gribovsky 21, Salad 35 ”, “Maysky”, etc.
Sowing onion-batun before winter is considered the easiest. © bejo 16. Tiered bow
A multi-tiered bow is not afraid of frosts down to -40 ° C, it is so tolerant of cold. But for this, by the time he leaves for the winter, he should already have formed root system. Therefore, multi-tiered onions are planted two weeks before frost.
The thickness of the onions is 1.5-2 cm. The depth of their embedding is 3-4 cm. Planting in 2-3 lines. The distance in the row is 15-20 cm. Between the rows is 30 cm. The seeding rate per square meter is 0.3-0.5 kg. Varieties: Odessa Winter 12, Likova, Memory, Gribovsky 38, Chelyabinsk Super Early, etc.
17. Garlic
Winter garlic is planted in two ways. The deep planting method is used mainly in cold climates. It is carried out in mid-August and involves deepening the cloves by 10-15 cm. The usual method (traditional) is planted two weeks before a steady cold snap, which implies the embedding of cloves by 3-5 cm. Its timing is the last week of September, if it middle lane, beginning of November - in the south.
The distance between the teeth is 10-15 cm. The distance between the rows is 20-25 cm. German" and many others.
18. Radish
Radish seeds germinate well even at sufficiently low temperatures, for this reason it is impossible to rush with their sowing, delaying the moment of planting at the end of November.
Seeding depth 2-3 cm. Distance between plants - 4-6 cm. Between rows - 10-15 cm. Seeding rate per square meter - from 5-6 to 10 g. Varieties: "Mayak", "Resistant", " Carmen, Spartak, Anniversary, Rose-red with a white tip, Heat, Zarya, Gusar, Hothouse, Early Crunch, etc. Radish sown by winter sowing is ready for the table already at the beginning of May.
19. Pasternak
Parsnip is a crop preferred for winter sowing due to the short shelf life of seeds and rather poor germination. Podzimnie crops allow you to stratify its seed material and increase germination.
Seeding depth 2 cm. Distance in a row - 5 cm. Between rows - 30-35 cm. Seeding rate per square meter - 1.5-2 g. Varieties: "Round early", "Best of all", "Student" .
Podzimnie crops of parsnip increase its germination. © The Spruce
20. Fennel
Fennel, sown before winter, gives friendly spring shoots. However, this culture is thermophilic, therefore, since autumn, it is more often sown in the south.
Depth of placement of seeds of 2 cm. Sowing thickened. Between rows - 60-70 cm. With two-line sowing, 20-25 cm are left between the lines. Seeding rate per square meter - 0.8-1 g. Varieties: "Darelet", "Leader", "Aroma", "autumn handsome" and etc.
21. Sorrel
Embedding depth 1-1.5 cm. Distance between rows - 15-20 cm. Seeding rate per square meter - 1.5 g. Varieties: "Victoria", "Belleville", "Spinach", "Krupnochereshkovy" and many others.
22. Potato
Winter planting of potatoes is not traditional, but it does take place, since at a depth of 10-15 cm, the tubers perfectly tolerate temperature drops even to -10 ° C. With this method, tubers are selected weighing 100-150 g. They are planted without vernalization. Planting time is the first night frosts, when the ground still thaws during the daytime.
Planting method - double beds, in order to install arcs above the rows in the spring. The width of the beds is 70 cm, the distance between the beds is 80 cm, between the rows in the bed is 45 cm, between the tubers is 25-30 cm. The depth of the tubers is 15-20 cm. Planting in a checkerboard pattern. Varieties: "Zdabytok", "Nevsky", "Luck", "Lorch", "Asterix".
23. Cabbage
Winter crops of cabbage are not often practiced, mainly in regions with a relatively warm climate. But for the south, there is a risk in this method - quickly emerging shoots can freeze out at unstable spring temperatures. However, recommended varieties for winter planting exist.
White cabbage
Varieties: "Dumas", "Nadezhda", "Vyuga", "Dawn", "Gribovsky", "Sibiryachka", "Polar K-206".
Krasnokochannaya
Varieties: "Early hard stone", "Stone head 447", "Gako 741", "Red early".
Broccoli
Varieties: "Monterey", "Laser", "Calabrese", "Caesar", "Gnome", "Lucky".
color
Varieties: "Domestic", "Movir 74", "Guarantee".
Beijing
Varieties: "Khivinskaya 5".
The planting depth of cabbage seeds is 1.5-3 cm. The seeding rate per square meter is 0.1-0.2 g.
except listed crops, before winter, you can sow asparagus, arugula, rutabaga, borage, chard, rhubarb.
Autumn is a long-awaited time for all gardeners. This is harvest time and some relaxation in anticipation of the next planting season. But while you can not leave the gardens - it's time for winter crops.
Plants for late planting
I would like to know which groups of seeds to plant before winter? But in fact, the list is quite extensive:
- vegetables: carrots, beets;
- garlic, onion;
- greens: parsley, sorrel, dill;
- flowers: mallow, delphinium.
After choosing which seeds to plant this winter, you need to think about them. proper fit. So that they do not die in winter, you should choose the maximum fertile soil which dries quickly. Also, the sowing area should be flat so that snow does not accumulate in the pits and they are not flooded. The beds will be about 15 cm tall if the sowing site is located in a lowland.
You need to remember when to plant seeds before winter. Cold-tolerant crops are usually planted in early November, provided that the soil temperature has dropped to 3°C and warming is not expected.
Preparing seeds and beds
Although the seeds are planted in November, you need to prepare the soil in early autumn. Here are a few rules for soil preparation:
- As soon as the crop is harvested, you need to dig the ground well, breaking up the clods with a shovel. Then water the beds.
- Weeds and their remains must be removed. After that, fertilize the soil with peat, compost or humus. You can also add sawdust, if possible.
- The next step is neat furrows for future sowing.
- Experienced gardeners know what seeds can be planted before winter. The answer is - necessarily dried - so they will not germinate ahead of time. It is even better to buy seeds in a special clay shell - it protects the seeds from adverse external conditions and pests.
- It is advisable to plant more seeds than is normally required, because it is likely that many of them will not germinate.
Winter planting of onions and garlic
It has long been known that onions are unpretentious, frost-resistant and do not require much light culture, so they are planted in the fall. For its planting, you should choose a place from which the snow melts early, since excessive moisture in the spring destroys the bulbs.
The bulbs are carefully selected before sowing and treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate as a disinfectant. However, if the temperature in the region is unstable, which can bring unexpected heat, it is better to pinch dry bulbs, as they tolerate temperature fluctuations more easily.
The depth of the holes for the onion should be from 5 cm, and the distance between the holes should be about 7 cm.
It must be remembered that insufficiently deep planting is dangerous - plants can die in winter. To minimize the chance of death, you can cover the beds with spruce branches or straw with the onset of cold weather. But in the spring, during the snowmelt, you need to remove these coatings in time.
Garlic will not cause any problems either. It can be planted in beds where vegetables such as peppers, cucumbers, tomatoes or zucchini have previously grown. Here are a few rules for planting garlic:
1. The earth must be loose without manure impurities, otherwise the garlic is unpretentious. The cloves should be dry, and they should be placed at a depth of 5-7 cm. For air bulbs, the depth is less - about 3 cm.
2. After that, the earth is fertilized with ash and covered with coniferous twigs or straw.
3. Garlic takes root gradually, but the appearance of green shoots is a bad sign. Also, you can not plant garlic late - it can even freeze into the ground.
4. Manure is unfavorable for garlic due to its negative effect on the root system.
Sowing greens
It's nice when in the spring you can please yourself with fresh and healthy greens. Dill, parsley and sorrel successfully survive the winter, but you need to know the following rules:
- For sowing, you need loose and leveled land with a rake. Large quantities of dried seeds are poured into prepared grooves about 2.5 cm deep.
- The landing site should be bright enough, where moisture and snow should not accumulate in spring.
Planting perennials
It is surprising that flowers can be planted before winter, because flowers do not tolerate cold. However, delphinium and mallow are hardened plants and will delight the eye immediately after the snow melts.
Mallow is an amazingly beautiful plant with bright flowers. To see it in the spring on your site, you need to follow the instructions:
- The earth, again - loose, should be ready in September. The depth of the bed is 1 cm, after planting it is covered with earth and dry grass.
- In the spring, greenhouses should be installed to protect seedlings from hail and sudden gusts of wind.
- Soon enough, the flowers will get stronger and will delight the world with their beauty for a long time!
Another wonderful flower is the delphinium. Its range of colors is not very wide: blue, white, purple, blue, but the arrangement of flowers is quite dense. You need to plant it like this:
An interesting fact: delphinium seeds require cold to germinate, so it can be clamped before winter.
- Seeds should be planted in loose soil up to 2 cm down. Then the holes need to be covered with earth, trim and put coniferous branches. With the advent of heat, seedlings need to be protected from rain by building shelters.
- It happens that the seeds hibernate at home in the refrigerator, and in the spring gardeners plant them in the soil. This is also allowed.
Advantages of planting before winter
Such a planting is very risky, as the seeds may not survive the cold and die. However, if all measures are taken, in the spring the gardener will have a wonderful harvest full of vitamins. Moreover, plants develop immunity and resistance to cold and disease, thus they pass natural selection and give a good harvest in the future. Also, strong roots during the winter extracted minerals deep under the soil, which makes the ground suitable for planting in the spring.
20 photos of seeds planted before winter
After harvesting, most summer residents are in anticipation of a short rest from seeds, seedlings and cultivation. different cultures. And only a small part of them, with the first night frosts, are actively involved in the preparation of beds. "Why?" - beginner gardeners will ask. And then, in order to sow part of the vegetables with the onset of stable cold weather. No, this is not a joke! This practice is successfully implemented even in northern latitudes: in Siberia, the Moscow region and the Urals.
Waste of time or smart move?
Winter planting of vegetables in Russian dachas is a long-established method that allows gardeners to save time in the spring and at the same time get a really early harvest of greens and root crops. According to reviews, sowing seeds of some crops in the fall has many advantages:
- Saving time in spring. Podzimny sowing frees up at least a couple of days that can be spent on caring for a garden or vegetable garden, seedlings, or maintaining country buildings. All summer residents know that in spring every minute counts!
- Getting an early harvest. Even if you sow vegetables early in spring under a film, the seeds planted before winter will sprout earlier, which will allow you to harvest the first crop of root crops and greens 2-3 weeks earlier.
- Healthy plants. During the winter planting, the seeds undergo a natural hardening procedure, and therefore the seedlings are distinguished by very strong immunity and high growth energy. Weak seedlings simply do not survive - only really healthy ones remain!
- Spring drought is not terrible! Seeds, which were sown before winter, use moisture from melting snow by 100%, while during spring planting, vegetable and green crops constantly need watering.
- Pest resistance. By the time the first pests of green and vegetable crops come into the world, the plants will have time to grow and get stronger, and their “tasty” parts will become too coarse for most insects.
- Frost is not a problem! If you sow vegetables in the fall, their resistance to return spring frosts almost triples - this is a proven fact, tested in practice by thousands of summer residents.
Already these advantages will be enough to boldly decide on the autumn planting of vegetables. However, summer residents with experience can also talk about the shortcomings of this method. Fortunately, there are very few of them, and they consist in a greater consumption of seeds. This is the only objective drawback. The need to carry out sowing work in uncomfortable conditions for a summer resident can be attributed to the subjective - at sub-zero temperatures.
What can be planted before winter (video)
What vegetables are suitable for planting before winter
The second question of summer residents who have just decided to plant full-fledged beds before winter is what crops are suitable for this? First of all, they must be relatively cold-resistant, their seeds must be full-weight.
Advice! You should not take seeds collected on your site for winter sowing. It is better to choose calibrated large varietal seeds for such purposes. Ideally, they should be pelleted - this will avoid the death of seeds during severe freezing of the soil.
Of the green and leafy crops for winter sowing, the following are suitable:
- lettuces leafy, semi-headed and headed;
- Dill;
- black onion and selections per feather;
- borago;
- salad mustard;
- parsnips and celery;
- and other spicy herbs.
How to plant beets before winter (video)
Varieties of these crops can be absolutely anything - early and late, with different characteristics regarding taste, color and size of the ground part and roots.
Things are somewhat different with vegetable crops. They simply have to be resistant to shooting, and therefore the choice of varieties is significantly limited by this requirement. The following varieties of vegetables are considered the most suitable for autumn sowing:
|
culture |
Description/characteristics |
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Podzimnaya A-474 |
Mid-early variety, forming aligned root crops. well kept |
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Cold resistant 19 |
Mid-season variety with high palatability. Well kept, no flaking |
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Egyptian flat |
Very productive variety with high taste. |
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Polar flat K-249 |
Pest-resistant, good-tasting variety |
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Nantes 4 |
High yielding variety with good taste. Not intended for long term storage |
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Vitamin 6 |
Mid-season variety with a high content of vitamins in root crops. Ideal for salads! |
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large-fruited mid-season variety suitable for long-term storage, salads and preparations. |
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An early, very tender and tasty variety with a stable yield. Almost does not form an arrow |
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Early high yielding variety with excellent light tolerance |
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Rose red with white tip |
The most popular mid-early variety with large roots and excellent taste |
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Almost all types and varieties |
Physalis can reproduce even by self-sowing, if bushes with ripe fruits are left on the beds. Any types and varieties of physalis are suitable for planting before winter, including decorative, strawberry, Peruvian, etc. |
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A very hardy variety. Forms a very large head, the weight of which can reach 370 g |
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The variety is mid-season, with a stable yield, forms arrows. The head is round, medium in size, pink-violet in color. Average head weight about 28g |
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Shooting mid-season variety with a medium-sized head, the weight of which can reach 120 g. It has a very long storage period |
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Antonnik |
Mid-season winter shooter variety. Forms rounded heads weighing up to 100 g |
As you can see, the list of vegetables that can be planted in the beds before winter is quite large. Even they can provide summer residents with fresh vitamin products for the whole summer, and sometimes they are enough until the middle of winter.
Preparing beds for winter sowing
In this case, special attention should be paid to the choice of the place where they will be located. Firstly, it is necessary to place them on elevated places, but in such a way that snow does not blow off them. Lowlands in this regard are not suitable at all, since water will stagnate in them with the onset of thaws. Secondly, the place should be well lit by the sun so that the snow does not accumulate in the spring. Thirdly, the soil in the area for the autumn planting of vegetables and herbs should be loose, not prone to compaction.
It is best to sow the seeds in autumn in fertile garden soil with the addition of compost or humus soil. You need to add it at the rate of 3-4 kg per square meter of soil. Additionally, to increase the nutritional value of the soil in the beds will help mineral fertilizers: superphosphate, potassium chloride and ammophos. You need to add them in accordance with the instructions, which can be found on the package with fertilizers.
It is recommended to dig the soil in the beds and add additives to them at least two weeks before sowing the seeds. After digging and leveling the surface of the beds, it is necessary to make deep enough grooves - up to 5 cm. It is advisable to install short pegs at the ends of the furrows so that you do not look for them during sowing, because the earth will sag and the seed paths will become less noticeable. They will also allow you not to lose crops in the spring.
Technology and timing of sowing seeds
The timing when you need to sow the seeds of different crops depends on the speed of their germination. So, umbrella crops, the seeds of which contain a lot of essential oils, sown earlier, when the soil is slightly seized by frost. These crops include carrots, parsley, celery, dill. Seeds that germinate very quickly are planted when the surface of the beds is frozen to a sufficient depth, and the risk of a thaw is practically zero.
Before the seeds are placed on the bed, it is advisable to cover its surface with thick cardboard or plywood so that the grooves are not covered with snow. Sow the seeds right on the frozen ground and we fall asleep with loose pre-harvested soil or a mixture of peat and humus. They do not need to be watered - the melting snow will nourish them with moisture.
Important! The depth of seed placement when planting before winter should be 1.5-2 times higher than that used for spring planting.
Additional mulching of the beds will help protect the seeds from freezing and blowing by the wind. with crops of straw, peat or sawdust with a layer of at least 5 cm. Also, to retain snow, you can throw a small layer of spruce branches on the beds. Film and other airtight materials cannot be used during autumn planting!
With the onset of spring, the mulch and spruce branches should be removed from the garden, but only when they appear from under the snow. After the ground has completely thawed, film tunnels can be installed on them, or plantings can be covered with non-woven material. This will allow shoots to appear faster.
How to plant onion sets in autumn (video)
Despite the fact that some summer residents are unaware of the benefits of winter sowing and do not know what crops can be grown in this way, this method is gaining more and more popularity among gardeners. You can try the technology described above already this year, because there is still time to prepare the ground and purchase seeds.
Even in late autumn, gardeners do not stop planting work on their plots. What do tireless workers plant before winter and does it make sense?
Winter sowing has many advantages:
- The winter supply of moisture is effectively used.
- Shoots appear two weeks earlier than when sown in spring. This allows you to harvest early in areas where the soil warms up slowly.
- After harvesting ripe vegetables in the middle of summer, you can use the beds to get a re-harvest.
- Time is freed up, which is so lacking in the spring.
In addition, many seeds must be stratified before germination, and the cold period will only benefit them.
Cons: in root crops that are planted before winter, a flower arrow often begins to grow. This is especially true for carrots and beets. There is also a danger that during a sudden thaw, seedlings can grow, and die when frost sets in.
What vegetables are planted before winter?
After harvesting the main crops, it is necessary to prepare beds for winter crops, stock up on mulch and dry nutrient soil for sprinkling seeds. The sowing itself is done much later: when the air cools down to 0 degrees, and the soil down to -4 0 C. folk omens this time comes when the leaves of the cherry tree fall.
An important rule: what is planted before winter must be sown with dry seeds in dry land. The main crops for winter crops:
What flowers are not afraid of frost
The benefits of early vegetables, providing the first spring vitamins, are obvious. And what can be planted before winter for the soul, and not for eating? Creating a beautiful garden begins in autumn. Flower seeds will undergo natural stratification and sprout under favorable weather conditions. When sowing letniki, two points must be taken into account:
- Seeds can only be sown in light cultivated soil. On heavy soils, flowers do not sprout together and grow poorly.
- The germination rate of such crops is relatively low, so planting is carried out densely.
It must also be remembered that only cold-resistant flowers are planted before winter, tender heat-loving letniki are sown in spring.
A number of plants develop better when sown in late autumn. These are cornflowers, purslane, iberis, godetia, gypsophila, feverfew, clarkia, escholcia, delphiniums.
A good result is the sowing of scabiosa, petunia, helichrysum and calendula.
The benefits of this method are obvious: there is no need to grow seedlings, the plants are stronger, stronger and bloom earlier than their greenhouse counterparts. They are more resistant to weather and diseases and have a well-developed root system.
