What does a potted myrtle plant variety look like. Myrtle ordinary care at home reproduction by cuttings pruning of a myrtle tree

On the windowsills of apartments and offices, you can often see a compact tree, pleasing with fragrant flowers. This is a myrtle grown since ancient times. The plant got its name from the fragrance of the flowers. "Myrtle" in Greek means "incense". In this article we will talk about caring for myrtle at home.

According to legend, myrtle grows in the Gardens of Eden. Adam managed to carry away a branch of the tree of paradise when he was cast out for sins, as a memory of life in paradise. The branch took root in the warm and humid climate of the Mediterranean, spreading around the world. Greek legends claim that the goddess Aphrodite wore a wreath of myrtle twigs. For delicate fragrant flowers, the plant has become a symbol of love, fidelity. Until now, in some countries, flowers or a sprig of myrtle, which personifies fidelity in marriage, are added to the bridal bouquet.

Under natural conditions, the flower grows in Mediterranean countries with a subtropical climate. It is an evergreen shrub or tree growing up to two to three meters. In nature, there are many varieties growing in America, Australia, and Asian countries.

It is decorated with small bright green leaves, located on the branches opposite each other. Small leaves on short cuttings are pointed towards the ends. white flowers, Pink colour grow in groups in brushes or singly. There are types of myrtle with simple or double flowers, with a different number of petals. After flowering, fruits appear on the plant - berries of the drupe species.

Myrtle among flower growers is valued not only for the appearance and aroma of flowers. Its main advantage is the presence of phytoncides and essential oils in leaves, flowers and fruits. They purify the air in the premises, which leads to a decrease in colds and an increase in efficiency, stress relief. Therefore, the myrtle tree can be found in office premises.

An infusion made from leaves and flowers is used to cleanse the face. In some countries, the leaves and fruits of myrtle are used as a seasoning for dishes.

Types and varieties of myrtle with a photo

The houseplant has the form of a small tree that does not grow more than 60 cm, which allows it to be grown among other indoor flowers.

swamp myrtle

swamp myrtle is one of the low temperature resistant. It grows no higher than one meter, has the shape of a shrub with straight branches. It differs in that it tolerates the snowy winters of Russia. The leaves fall for the winter, and in the spring the plant blooms again. Found in sphagnum bogs, lives up to fifty years. It is distinguished by the presence of poison in the plant, so it should not be allowed to get into the food of animals.

Myrtle Variegant

Myrtle variegated characterized by bright variegated leaves with amber-colored dots and stripes along the edges. Snow-white flowers with a beige tint and golden stamens have an exquisite aroma. In addition, the plant cleans the air by reducing the content of carbon dioxide. To obtain beautiful leaf color, it is necessary to provide bright light for the plant. Grown in room conditions in loose soil, using top dressing.

Mirt Hymen (Happiness of the Bride)

One of the varieties of common myrtle is called Hymen. Under natural conditions, the shrub grows up to 3-5 meters. Indoors, its height does not exceed one meter. This variety is called "the happiness of the bride", its flowering twig is used in wedding bouquets. Flowers and fruits have a strong aroma.

Myrtle large-leaved

Myrtle large-leaved also a variety of common myrtle. It has large leaves up to five centimeters long, grows up to four meters. Like other types of myrtle, it has healing effect, kills bacteria. It is used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, sinusitis.

Myrtle Tarentina

Differs in dwarf sizes myrtle tarentina. Its elongated leaves do not exceed one and a half centimeters. Differs in abundant flowering, miniature flowers are collected in groups. Is different rapid growth, but in an apartment does not grow above one meter. It develops well subject to the basic requirements for care:

regular watering;
spraying;
enough sunlight.

Mirt Komunnis

Mirt Communis It has the shape of a tree, which in its habitats is also called a dead tree. At home, it grows up to five meters, it is distinguished by elongated leaves and abundant flowering.

lemon myrtle

lemon myrtle got its name from the lemon flavor. The habitat is the Australian tropics. It is used to obtain essential oil, the manufacture of seasonings and spices.

Myrtle ordinary

In indoor floriculture, the most widespread common myrtle. In nature, it grows as a shrub up to four meters high. At home, it grows in the form of a small tree. It differs from other species in oval leaves and fragrant, small flowers. This type of plant is ideal for growing bonsai.

Content at home

A native of the subtropics prefers summer temperatures in the range of 22 to 24 degrees Celsius. Summer best place for myrtle there will be a balcony with shading on hot days. Although the flower loves bright sunlight, it is still desirable to protect it during hot hours with a light curtain or screen. To achieve flowering, it is advisable to place the pot with the plant on the south side. Although it will grow on windowsills located on the east or west side.

If it is not possible to take the myrtle to the balcony or garden, then it is better to place it in the summer by an open window. It belongs to those few plants that are not afraid of drafts, but love fresh air. Therefore, the room where the pot with the plant stands should be ventilated often.

For the winter, it is desirable for the plant to provide a cool temperature, but not lower than ten degrees. If it is not possible to take it to a cool room, then the watering and spraying schedule should be adjusted. In winter, it is recommended to water once a week. In an apartment, the pot is placed close to window glass, can be fenced off with additional glass or film to protect from the flow of warm air. If possible, you can try to take the myrtle to the cellar. Some flower growers thus provide the plant with a cold wintering.

If the plant remains in the apartment, then during the short winter day it needs additional illumination with special fitolamps or fluorescent lamps.

Myrtle care at home

A native of the subtropics needs a lot of light and abundant watering. But at the same time, stagnation of water in the pot should not be allowed, otherwise rotting of the roots cannot be avoided. V winter period dormant watering is reduced, especially if wintering takes place in cool conditions. For irrigation, settled water at room temperature is used. In summer, besides spraying, myrtle likes to be taken water procedures in the shower.

top dressing

From spring to autumn, myrtle needs regular feeding. mineral fertilizers. The choice depends on how you want to see the plant. If you want to get a lush green tree, then you need to use nitrogen fertilizers. If you want to achieve abundant flowering, then pay attention to complex fertilizers for flowering plants with phosphorus additives. Apply weekly throughout the summer. In winter, the number of dressings is reduced to one and a half months.

Bloom

As already mentioned, for flowering myrtle should be located on the southern windowsill. If the regime of watering and lighting is observed, but the plant does not bloom, it is necessary to look for flaws in the care.

Here are the possible reasons:

Too much light change. If you have to move the myrtle from a place with low light to bright light, then this should be done gradually.
Lack of fresh air.
Lack of moisture, spraying.
If the crown was cut in the spring, then the growth of branches will increase. But the plant will not bloom this year. For the myrtle to bloom next year, crown formation should be carried out in summer, after flowering, or in winter.
For flowering, it is necessary to feed the plant with fertilizers, which contain much more phosphorus than nitrogen.
If a plant is struck by pests or diseases, then flowering should hardly be expected from it, because all its forces are spent on survival.

To obtain seeds, pollination of flowers is necessary. In the garden, this procedure can be carried out by insects, and indoors it is necessary to pollinate it yourself - with a soft brush. Ripe seeds are dark blue in color. They can be used to grow new plants.

Planting and transplanting myrtle

A transplant of a houseplant myrtle is performed in several cases:

after the purchase;
annual transplant for young plants;
transplantation of adult plants in three to four years.

After acquiring a new plant, it is recommended to transplant into a new soil. In this case, it is necessary to check the condition of the roots and trim them if necessary. The main thing is not to overdo it, so as not to harm the plant. Consider a phased transplant:

To extract root system from a pot without damage, it is recommended not to water the soil for several days.
The next step is to take up the base of the plant and, turning the pot over, remove the lump with the roots.
Need to take a sharp wooden stick and carefully remove the soil between the roots, holding the plant with the roots down.
The roots are treated with a Kornevin-type stimulant so that the plant takes root better.
A new pot must be selected according to the following rule: it must be 2 times smaller in diameter than the crown of the tree. A layer of drainage (expanded clay) is poured at the bottom of the pot. Soil for myrtle can be prepared independently or purchased at flower shops.
A small layer of soil mixture is poured over the drainage.
The plant is carefully installed in a pot and covered with soil. It is necessary to control that the neck of the plant is not sprinkled.
At the last stage, the earth mixture is carefully watered, then the pot is transferred to a shaded place.

The ground mixture is prepared from the following ingredients:

peat land (30%);
sod land (30%);
humus (20%);
river sand (20%).

Before use, it is desirable to neutralize the earthen substrate from possible pests.

crown formation

The formation of the crown of myrtle is divided into two types: pinching and pruning. Pinching young shoots can be done at any time. This will increase the density of the crown, but the number of flowers on the tree will decrease.

Trimming the shoots allows you to give the plant the desired shape. If you do not carry out the formation of the crown, then the crown will eventually acquire a pyramidal shape. When cutting off the top, the plant turns into a shrub. A very small plant must be given time to strengthen before shaping the crown by cutting.

Circumcision can be done in the spring, but then you are unlikely to wait for flowering this year. It is better to cut the shoots after flowering, in autumn or winter. Usually cut branches to 1/3 of the length.

Bonsai

Myrtle is well suited for growing bonsai. The bends of the trunk and branches are formed using thin rigid wire, stretch marks, and the crown is formed by cutting and removing leaves from the lower part of the branches.

Methods for propagating myrtle at home

Myrtle can be propagated in classical ways: from cuttings or seeds.

How to grow myrtle from cuttings

This procedure is best done in winter or summer. You can use branches obtained by cutting the crown. The cuttings are cut from the lower or middle branches so that their length is about 5-8 centimeters. The lower leaves should be removed, the oblique cut is treated with a stimulant for root growth.

The cutting is planted in a mixture consisting of sand and sphagnum moss. If it is not possible to purchase moss, then coarse sand is mixed with leafy soil. The container with the cuttings is covered with a film, placed in a slightly shaded place at room temperature. Periodically, the film must be removed and the cuttings aired. Germination occurs within about a month. After the appearance of new leaves, which indicates successful rooting, you can plant the cuttings in separate pots. New plants begin to bloom in the third or fourth year.

Reproduction by seeds

Growing myrtle from seeds at home requires more time to get flowering plant, but lovers of experimentation can try.

In the prepared moistened mixture of peat and sand, the seeds are laid out at a shallow depth, sprinkled with a thin layer and covered with a film or glass.

myrtle seeds sprouted

Important! Seedlings need to be ventilated periodically.

After two weeks, sprouts appear.

After the appearance of two leaves, the seedlings are transplanted into separate pots by transshipment. Further transplantation is carried out when the roots fill the pot. Plants from seeds begin to bloom at the age of five.

care mistakes

When growing myrtle, there are different problems, often associated with improper maintenance of the plant.

The leaves turn black. Usually associated with excessive watering. It is necessary to reduce watering and loosen the soil. You can replace the soil.
Yellow leaves indicate a lack of moisture in the soil and air.
Shedding of leaves can mean poor water quality or too hot a place, overdrying of the soil.
If myrtle leaves fall off after a change of scenery, then this is an indicator of stress or insufficient watering.
Myrtle leaves dry and curl. This indicates violations in the care, movement or insufficient watering. Sometimes myrtle sheds its leaves in winter when the air is dry. Do not despair, in the spring the plant may put up new leaves.
The leaves have become sticky. This is a sign of damage to the shield. See next section for treatment options.

Pests

Myrtle becomes vulnerable to pests when conditions are violated. In the table we give a list of the main pests and diseases, measures to combat them.

signs	Cause	Treatment
Dark spots on the leaves, sticky coating.	Shield defeat	Removal of scale insects with a swab moistened with soapy water. Then treat with insecticide.
On the myrtle leaves dry and curl		Insecticide treatment.
The appearance of a whitish web on the underside.	spider mite	Washing with soapy or tobacco solution, insecticide treatment.
White coating in the form of fluff on leaves and twigs.		Mechanically remove pests, then treat with Aktara according to the instructions.
They form light spots on the upper side of the sheet and dark spots on the underside.	thrips	Process with Actellik.
Myrtle dries up, develops poorly	root rot	Inspect the root system, remove diseased roots. Repot in new soil.

Although growing myrtle requires almost daily attention, especially in summer, the result will please you not only appearance but also creating a family-friendly environment.

Briefly: Strong rooted cuttings. Plants have antimicrobial properties. Description ATTENTION: Plants are sent only on prepayment! It is transported in a container along with an earthen clod. For Novosibirsk: the plant is supplied in a container with good fresh soil, it does not need to be transplanted.

Myrtle large-leaved - one of the most useful house plants with unique properties, belongs to the Myrtaceae family.

Myrtle Large-leaved variety of Common Myrtle (Myrtus COMMUNIS).

Among the ancient Greeks, Myrtle was considered a symbol of youth, beauty and chastity. Even then, the beneficial effect of essential oils was noted. Noble townspeople washed themselves with water infused with myrtle. Wine infusion on the fruits of myrtle was used as an elixir of health and vigor.

By releasing phytoncides, myrtle destroys pathogenic microbes, even in extremely small doses they kill tuberculosis and diphtheria bacilli and other bacteria. plant with with total area leaves of 1.5 m2 can purify 100 m3 of air by 40-50%, kills up to 22% of streptococci and up to 40% of staphylococci. Helps to cope with influenza and acute respiratory infections.
Myrtle has the same properties that antibiotics have. That's just it, unlike antibiotics, is harmless and does not provoke dysbacteriosis. For this reason, it is actively used in the prevention and treatment of many diseases: herpes, pyelonephritis, inflammatory gynecological diseases, prostatitis, cystitis, dysbacteriosis and other diseases. gastrointestinal tract, tonsillitis, sinusitis, diphtheria, pulmonary tuberculosis, asthma, bronchitis and influenza.

Myrtle is a symbolic plant that, according to legend, was taken out of paradise. In Greek legends, he is also assigned the role of a symbol. The cult of the plant was also supported by the Romans, who made wreaths from it. The Bible claims that it was the sprig of myrtle that was carried in its beak by the dove released by Noah from the ark. Since the time of Queen Victoria, not a single royal wedding in England has been held without it: myrtle adorns wedding bouquets. It is widely used in perfumery. And in some countries it is used as a food seasoning.

It grows in the undergrowth of evergreen oaks and pines and in thickets of shrubs in the Mediterranean region, in the Azores, in North Africa. Trees or shrubs up to 3-4 m tall; shoots 4-sided, finely hairy, rounded, glabrous. Leaves opposite, sometimes collected in 3, ovate, lanceolate, 2-4 (up to 5) cm long and 1-2 cm wide, pointed, leathery, entire, smooth, glabrous, glossy. If you look at a leaf of myrtle in the light, you can see small dots filled with essential oil which gives the plant a pleasant scent. The most fragrant white flowers of the plant. They are medium-sized (up to 2 cm in diameter), five-petalled, located one at a time on long pedicels. Numerous golden stamens give them a special identity.
In nature, myrtle reaches a height of 3-5 m. In culture, the plant is low (about 60 cm), rarely reaches 1 m. In home floriculture, it can be grown as a lush bush, standard tree, or formed in the bonsai style.

Common myrtle has many cultural forms that differ in leaf position and ability to bloom.

Myrtle. Care and maintenance:

Lighting: It is very good if there is a place for him in the children's room, this will drastically reduce the frequency of colds in a child. Myrtle, according to some reports, also has anti-allergic properties, which is also important for the health of modern children. Myrtle loves bright diffused light, tolerates a certain amount of direct sunlight. Suitable for growing near western and eastern windows. At the windows of the south direction in the summer, it is necessary to provide the plant with protection from the midday sun. It can grow on a north window, but flowering will be less plentiful or not occur at all. In winter, myrtle is placed in the most illuminated places.
In summer, the myrtle can be exposed outdoors, to a place where protection from the direct midday sun is provided. The plant should be accustomed to a new level of illumination gradually. Some flower growers bury a pot of myrtle directly into the ground to harden the plant for the summer.

Temperature: Myrtle likes coolness, in spring and summer it needs moderate or slightly below moderate temperatures (18-20°C). During the winter months, the myrtle tree is best kept at a temperature of +5°C and no higher than +8-10°C. At higher than optimal winter temperatures, the plant may shed its foliage.
Myrtle needs an influx of fresh air.

Watering: Water myrtle from spring to autumn regularly and abundantly (as the top layer of the substrate dries up), in winter - limitedly, with soft settled water. In no case should even a short-term drying of the soil be allowed. If, nevertheless, the substrate is dry, apply watering by immersing the pot in a container of water. At the same time, care must be taken that the water does not stagnate in the pan.

Humidity: You should carefully monitor the humidity of the air. Although under natural myrtle conditions the air humidity rarely exceeds 60%, in rooms with central heating it is usually less than half. From spring to autumn, the plant should be sprayed regularly. For spraying, use only soft settled or filtered water. In winter, when kept cool, the plant is not sprayed.

Top dressing: From spring to autumn, myrtle is fertilized weekly with flower fertilizer.

Rest Period: Myrtle has a pronounced dormant period. Depending on the position in the room, the myrtle is at rest from 3 (on the north window) to 1.5 (on the south) months.

Trimming: Myrtle easily tolerates a haircut, and it can be given a very bizarre shape. However, one should not get too carried away with pruning lateral shoots, especially in young plants, since the myrtle stem is not strong enough. Also, do not pinch young shoots too often - this reduces the intensity of flowering. Therefore, when caring for myrtle, you need to decide what is preferable - strongly branching compact bushes or beautifully flowering specimens with a loose crown. Plants are fast growing, so within 2-3 years you can have small branched bushes (in 12 cm pots).

Transplantation and soil: Young plants are transplanted every year in the spring, without deepening the base of the trunk into the soil, then transplantation is carried out if necessary after 2-3 years. The following mixtures are recommended as a substrate: 1) sod-humus-peat soil and sand in equal proportions; 2) ordinary greenhouse soil; 3) clay-soddy-peat-humus soil and sand (1:1:1:0.5). The pH of the substrate should be in the region of 5-6. At the bottom of the pot provide good layer drainage.

Myrtle is propagated by semi-woody cuttings in January-February and in summer - in July. Cuttings are taken from the lower and middle parts of the crown, the size of the cutting is 5-8 cm; to reduce evaporation, half of the existing leaves are cut off, and the remaining ones are shortened. It is useful to treat the cut with growth stimulants. N. Tsybulya et al recommend using heteroauxin mixed with ascorbic acid (0.25% 0). Root in boxes, bowls, wide low pots in a mixture of leafy soil and coarse sand, or sphagnum and sand in a cool (16-20 ° C) shaded place. The cuttings are watered, sprayed and covered with glass or plastic wrap. Occasionally, the soil is ventilated to avoid rotting of the cuttings and acidification of the soil. Cuttings take root within 20-30 days. Rooted cuttings are planted in 7 cm pots. Watered abundantly. Young plants are pinched to encourage flowering. By weaving a clod of earth with roots, transshipment is given. A plant from cuttings blooms for 3-4 years.

Precautionary measures:
The leaves of common myrtle are slightly poisonous: in sensitive people, they can cause nausea and headache.

Possible difficulties:
If there is not enough light, the stems are stretched, the leaves become smaller and turn pale, in the case of its excess, they fade, turn yellow, the edges curl. V dark room with high temperatures, the plant sheds leaves.

The plant suffers greatly due to drying and overflow of the substrate. If the plant has shed its leaves due to overdrying or waterlogging, cut the shoots to half and continue watering (in case of waterlogging, watering is very careful) and spraying. After two weeks, young leaves may appear.

If placed too warm and dark, the leaves may fall off.

Damaged by: spider mites, scale insects, whiteflies, thrips, mealybugs, especially when elevated temperature content.

We take care of the myrtle correctly

How to properly care for myrtle at home

Myrtle - This is a very interesting plant, belonging to the corresponding Myrtle family. It grows in the Mediterranean countries with subtropical climatic conditions. In general, the name itself is of Greek origin and is derived from the word "incense". This name is explained by the fact that the leaves and flowers of this plant contain essential oils which emit a very pleasant and soothing aroma.

Outwardly myrtle - This is a beautiful small tree with elongated and pointed leaves located opposite. The leaves have a bright green color, their petioles are short.

How to water?

When caring for myrtle, it is very important to ensure regular watering: we must not forget that the plant comes from the subtropics, and therefore loves moisture very much. Along with watering, the tree should be sprayed daily. If the earth is not sufficiently moistened, the plant will begin to turn yellow and dry.

Both spraying and watering should be carried out exclusively with settled water.

In winter, the rules for watering change somewhat: you need to switch to moderate regime, i.e. one watering per week. There is also no need for spraying (unless the tree is left in a warm room).

Lighting

It is best to have myrtle on the south side of the house. In principle, myrtle will grow on the east side, and not even the west. But it is in this place, on the southern windows, that the plant will feel as comfortable as possible and will be able to bloom. At the same time, keep in mind that at noon, especially in summer, the tree should be somewhat shaded. To do this, use a screen or curtain.

Temperature and Humidity

When choosing temperature regime again, the natural habitat of the plant should be taken into account. For this reason, summer optimal temperature is about 22-24 degrees. It will be useful to take the tree out into the garden or onto the balcony. With the constant presence of myrtle in the apartment, do not forget to ventilate the room.

In winter, it is necessary to reduce the temperature to 10 degrees.

With all this, it is necessary to provide an appropriate level of humidity: in summer it should be quite high.

A little about nutrition

When caring for myrtle, you can safely use comprehensive fertilizers intended for flowering houseplants. In the summer, the optimal feeding frequency is weekly. In winter, this can be done monthly.

Myrtle transplant

The process of transplanting myrtle

Myrtle is a slow growing plant, and therefore it is not recommended to transplant it too often. However, all young trees should be replanted annually, increasing pot volume. Adult plants can be in one pot for about 3-4 years.
Most optimal time for transplantation - the winter period, when the tree is at rest.

The whole transplant process looks like this:

It is first recommended to dry the earthen ball, for which do not water for several days. This will make it easier to extract the plant;
Then you simply need to turn the old pot over from the plant and carefully pull out the tree, holding it by the base of the trunk;
The roots of the plant must be treated with some kind of stimulant, which will improve the survival rate of the myrtle;
The new pot is filled with expanded clay. Do not forget about drainage;
Then the substrate is prepared. By the way, both during the initial landing, and subsequently the best option the substrate is peat and sod land (30% each), as well as humus and river or sifted sand (20% each);
The finished substrate is poured into the bottom of the pot;
The plant is installed in a new pot, covered with a substrate, leveled;
After transplanting, water the myrtle abundantly until water seeps out of the drainage hole;

After all the stages, the tree is transferred to a shaded place.

Reproduction of myrtle

Myrtle breeding methods

There are two ways of reproduction of myrtle:

cuttings;
Seeds.

Propagation by cuttings will occur if the soil temperature reaches 25 degrees. This is extremely important condition.

Reproduction is carried out with the help of apical cuttings.

The stalk, which has reached a length of 7-9 cm, must be cut from the side shoot. You can also use a shorter cutting (5-7 cm), but in this case it is necessary to cut it off from the main, but not flowering, shoot. The lower leaves must be removed, and the formed cut should be processed using Kornevin.
The next step is planting cuttings. A mixture of sand and peat is ideal for this purpose. The cuttings are placed in this mixture and covered with a loose film on top. The rooting process takes place at room temperature. Its result occurs approximately 2-3 weeks later.

After the allotted time, the cuttings can already be planted in separate containers.

Another breeding option is using seeds. This method has a significant drawback: the seeds germinate for a long time. But many are already familiar with such difficulties and may try to grow myrtle in this way. For propagation by seeds, you need to prepare a substrate consisting of peat and sand. The mixture is also recommended to sprinkle a little soil. The substrate and soil are covered with plastic wrap on top.

For successful germination, two conditions are important:

Provide diffused light;
Monitor the temperature, which should be maintained at 21 degrees.

It is equally important to form a crown with this method of reproduction:

You need to pinch the sprout at a certain height. Flowering of young plants should be expected in the second or third year.

Those wishing to receive myrtle flowers should know that for this they should not cut the plant in the spring. In general, it is better to postpone pruning until flowering is over.

The flowering period is the beginning and middle of summer, June-July. To make flowers beautiful, two rules must be observed:

Provide proper care behind a tree;
Provide constant access to fresh air for the plant.

Improper care will lead to the development of diseases, and in this case, it will no longer be necessary to talk about flowering. Flowering is not observed even when myrtle is kept in room conditions, where stagnant air is predominant.

The flowers themselves on the tree in question are arranged as follows:

Or in the leaf axils singly;
Or being collected in a brush.

Petals are usually 4-6, the flowers themselves are simple and double. The main part of the flowers is located in the upper part of the plant, since that is where the best illumination is.

Diseases and pests of myrtle, methods of dealing with them

To begin with, we note that there are no special diseases or serious problems in myrtle. But individual ailments can still sometimes occur.

For example, in conditions of poorly drained soil, a tree can develop root rot. Some problems may arise due to non-compliance with the key rules of care: providing insufficient lighting, poor watering. It is important to always take into account the fact that myrtle is a very whimsical plant, and therefore each condition for its care must be observed as accurately as possible.

Also, the tree is often attacked by insects: it can be thrips, scale insects, spider mites, aphid. For this reason, you need to carefully monitor the condition of the plant and, if there are any negative signs, carefully examine it for the presence of insects. This requirement is especially relevant in relation to old plants.

If there were pests discovered, then you need to purchase the appropriate drug to combat them. Such a tool must be used in strict accordance with instruction.

Frequently Asked Questions on Growing Myrtle

Questions most often asked by readers

Those who grow myrtle quite often have certain questions. We will consider the most common of them, and also try to give the most detailed answers.

Myrtle not growing?

The lack of tree growth can be associated with various factors. Here it is necessary, firstly, to take into account that myrtle, in principle, does not grow too fast. In addition, one should not expect active growth from him at the very first stages of development. For the rest, try to provide quality care and feed the plant well.

Myrtle not blooming?

The tree will not bloom in several cases. So, if you cut a plant in the spring, then you should forget about flowering this year. There will be no flowers even when the myrtle is kept in a poorly ventilated room.

Are myrtle leaves withering?

In winter, myrtle may be left without leaves if the temperature of its content is too high for a dormant period. A similar picture can be observed if the basic rules relating to watering the plant, spraying it and feeding it are not followed. So, the leaves of a tree can wither when water stagnates in the pan. Or maybe, on the contrary, with excessive drying of the soil between waterings. Among other things, the cause of leaf wilting can be an excess of sunlight. Therefore, when the first signs of myrtle wilting are found, it is important to move it to a place protected from sunlight, adjust watering and start spraying more often.

Is he poisonous?

Myrtle leaves are slightly poisonous. Prolonged exposure to substances contained in the leaves can cause nausea and headaches in the most sensitive people.

Video on caring for myrtle at home

Thus, when caring for myrtle, it is important to understand that this plant does not accept any deviation from the key rules for caring for it. We must not forget about the frequency and abundance of watering, about spraying, about top dressing. It is necessary to provide the plant with an influx of fresh air. Finally, periodically it is necessary to transplant it. If you follow all the tips and take into account all the nuances, you can fully enjoy the beauty of this unusual tree.

Myrtle is a pretty fragrant tree that can be grown at home along with other houseplants. Caring for this tree is not exactly easy, but not as difficult as it might seem.

The myrtle tree, the photo of which you can see in the article, attracts with its unusual appearance and pleasant aroma. It will be discussed below.

Description of the myrtle tree

Such indoor plant, as myrtle looks great as an independent flower, and in composition with other home flowers. It is believed that myrtle has a beneficial effect on the nervous system.. This flower at home performs not only an aesthetic function, because its leaves and cuttings can be used as seasonings for various dishes.

In many countries, the myrtle tree is considered the embodiment of moral purity, love and fidelity. These traditions known since biblical times and still relevant today. For example, in some cultures, a peace flower presented at a wedding is considered a symbol of good marriage and prosperity.

Under natural conditions, the myrtle flower grows in the Mediterranean in a subtropical climate. In the photo you can see what this plant looks like:

the leaves are small and shiny, have an elongated shape;
white and pink flowers contain essential oils;
myrtle fruits are nuts or dark blue drupes.

plant application

The plant's appeal has made it a welcome addition as a room color that fits in with any style of kitchen or room. but aesthetic side- far from the only purpose of myrtle.

Myrtle is also used as follows:

Famous varieties of myrtle

The plant has a huge number of species and varieties, which differ from each other in the following parameters:

color;
leaf shape;
fruit color;
tree height.

The most attractive varieties are:

Flore Pleno, having double flowers;
Tarentina Variegata;
Variegata;
Microphylla Tarentina, characterized by a small size;
La Clape;
La Clape Blanc.

However, despite the large number of varieties of this flower, the common myrtle remains the most popular as a houseplant, the intricacies of caring for which will be discussed below.

Myrtle: home care

You can see photos of these plants grown at home both in the article and on the Internet. And so that they have such an attractive appearance, care must be taken behind them at room conditions.

Remember that myrtle is a subtropical plant, so it needs high humidity, which can be provided by regular spraying. For watering and spraying myrtle, settled soft water is used. It is not necessary to specially soften it for these purposes, but lime in the soil of a flower can harm it.

The composition of the soil should preferably be close to natural. The proportions of the substrate for myrtle should be something like this:

30 percent turf;
30 percent peat soil;
20 percent river or screened sand;
20 percent humus.

You can use greenhouse soil or ready mix for soil.

Even a short-term drying of the soil is dangerous for the world, the plant may turn yellow and wither. When the soil dries out, the flower in the pot is immersed in water. but stagnation of water in the container for the flower should also not be.

To feed the plant, use special complex formulations for flowering houseplants.

Myrtle loves to be outdoors, and he is not afraid of drafts. So at home, it can be kept in places such as a kitchen window sill or a balcony. Thus, phytoncides, which improve the atmosphere of the room, will be released even more actively.

The best place for myrtle indoors is a south-lit window. You can keep the plant in another place, but it will be comfortable to bloom here.

Features of caring for myrtle also depend on the time of year. Let's talk about this in more detail below.

Features of summer plant care

At home, from spring to autumn, inclusive, myrtle needs moderate temperature conditions, the optimal indicator is about 23 degrees. It is better to keep the plant in a lighted place, but at the same time it needs to be shaded from the heat with the help of curtains or special screens.

If there is such an opportunity, transfer the world to a balcony or veranda, where there is more air. If it remains for the summer at room conditions, the room must be regularly ventilated.

Watering in the warm season should be regular, but not plentiful. You need to feed the plant once a week. In the spring, the myrtle is cut and transplanted. Transplantation should be performed a maximum of once every two years.

Caring for myrtle in winter

Winter for this flower is a dormant period. Watering should be moderate, but the soil should not be too dry. One watering per week will be enough. spray the plant needed only when it is located in a warm room. Top dressing is carried out every 4-5 weeks.

For the winter, the world must be moved to a bright and cool place and kept at a temperature of about 10 degrees. If a flower sheds its leaves It means he's hot. Do not be sad if he loses a lot of leaves, because in the spring he will again restore his splendor.

How to prune myrtle

The plant responds well to this procedure, so it is desirable to give the desired shape to its crown. It is advisable to leave side shoots at the same time, because the stem is not very strong. However, pruning and pinching are not always beneficial in bud formation.

During pruning, the myrtle is fed with a chlorine-free houseplant fertilizer.

Features of reproduction of myrtle

Myrtle is propagated by seeds and cuttings. To preserve the maternal characteristics of the plant, it is better to do this with the help of cuttings. The soil at the same time must have a temperature of at least 25 degrees. Cuttings are carried out in winter or mid-summer as follows:

cut a cutting up to 9 cm long from a side shoot;
remove the lower leaves, and treat the cut with Kornevin;
we plant cuttings in sandy-peat soil;
cover with glass or film on top;
leave to take root for 2-3 weeks;
we plant the cuttings in separate pots.

The second method of plant propagation, seed, has a key disadvantage- it is impossible to preserve the varietal characteristics in their original form. And it also takes a long time to grow.

Sowing seeds is carried out in early spring. They are planted in a sandy-peat substrate, then covered with soil. Then g orshok covered with glass or film, and in the room they make diffused lighting and a temperature of about 21 degrees.

After a couple of weeks, the first shoots appear. Myrtles are planted in separate containers when at least 4 leaves appear.

When growing a plant from seeds, a crown must be formed, so the sprout must be pinched at the right height.

How to transplant a myrtle tree?

Myrtle does not grow too fast, so it is often not necessary to transplant it. However, if necessary, this should be done when it becomes crowded in a pot. Transplantation is recommended no more than once every three years.. It is best to do this in winter.

To make it easier to remove the plant from the container, it is not watered for several days. Then the tree is carefully removed, holding the trunk.

In order for the roots to take root better, they are treated with a stimulant. In a pot with drainage and expanded clay, you need to pour the substrate, then lay the myrtle, then pour out the soil and level its surface. You need to water it until the water gets into the container.. Then the plant is transferred to a dark place.

flowering period

Myrtle blooms from early to mid-summer. Its flowers can be simple or double., be in the axils of the leaves individually or be collected in a brush. Basically, they bloom in the upper most illuminated part.

For flowering to be successful, follow these rules of care:

do not cut the myrtle in early spring, it is better to do it after flowering;
provide regular airing of the flower.

Diseases and pests

If the soil under the myrtle is poorly drained, then this can cause root rot. Also, with improper care, the plant is exposed to many diseases.

Pests dangerous for myrtle are:

spider mite;
thrips;
scab;
whitefly.

Check your plant regularly for strange rashes or other manifestations. If you find traces of pests, treat the plant with special products.

It is also worth remembering that myrtle leaves contain toxic components, which, if a person has sensitivity, can cause headaches and nausea.

Improper care of the flower can cause lethargy and yellowing of the leaves. Make sure the soil doesn't dry out lighting and temperature were always normal, do not let everything take its course. Monitor the frequency of watering and, if necessary, transplant the plant on time.

The rules for caring for myrtle at home are not so complicated. And if you stick to them, your houseplant will give you peace and joy.

Among the ancient Greeks, myrtle was considered a symbol of youth, beauty and chastity. Even then, the beneficial effect of essential oils was noted. Noble townspeople washed themselves with water infused with myrtle. Wine infusion on the fruits of myrtle was used as an elixir of health and vigor. By releasing phytoncides, myrtle destroys pathogenic microbes, even in extremely small doses, phytoncides kill tuberculosis and diphtheria bacilli and other bacteria. A plant with a total leaf area of 1.5 m² can purify 100 cubic meters of air by 40-50%, kills up to 22% of streptococci and up to 40% of staphylococci. Helps to cope with influenza and acute respiratory infections.

Description of myrtle

Myrtle (lat. Myrtus)- a genus of southern evergreen woody plants with white fluffy flowers and dark green leaves containing essential oil. Also, myrtle used to be called a wreath of flowers and leaves of such a tree or its branch - a symbol of silence, peace and pleasure.

Myrtle is a fragrant evergreen tree. It has dark green, as if polished leaves, beautiful flowers. Myrtle leaves contain an essential oil that was used to make incense. Myrtle was a sign of glory and good deeds. Myrtle wreath with roses in ancient times was a favorite wedding decoration.

Mythology myrtle

In ancient times, myrtle was an attribute of the goddess Venus and her three maids - the three graces. During the Renaissance, evergreen myrtle began to symbolize eternal love, especially marital fidelity.

During the Renaissance, evergreen myrtle began to symbolize eternal love, especially marital fidelity.

The word "myrtle" itself is of Greek origin. Legend has it that the nymph Myrsina, whom Athena herself admired and admired, defeated this supreme goddess of Olympus in a race. Envy overshadowed admiration for her beloved, and Athena killed the nymph in retaliation for hurt pride. But coming to her senses, she was horrified and began to pray for the advice of the Olympian gods, so that they would leave her at least some recollection of Mirsin. The gods took pity, and from the body of the deceased grew graceful, like the nymph herself, a plant - myrtle.

According to legend, Aphrodite was crowned with a wreath of myrtle during the famous dispute, thanks to which Paris gave her his apple. Since then, myrtle has become the favorite flower of the goddess of love and beauty, sometimes she even called herself Myrthea. Many myrtle bushes were planted around the temples of Aphrodite, and during the annual festivities in honor of this goddess, everyone was decorated with myrtle wreaths.

Features of growing myrtle

Bloom: usually summer to mid-autumn.

Growth: myrtle grows rather slowly: annual growth is 10-15 cm.

Light: bright scattered; The plant is able to tolerate a certain amount of sunlight.

Temperature: in spring and summer moderate or slightly below moderate, 18-20 °C; during the winter months, the myrtle tree is best kept at 5°C and no higher than 8-10°C.

Watering: from spring to autumn, regular and abundant (as the upper layer of the substrate dries up), in winter - limited.

Air humidity: from spring to autumn, the plant is sprayed.

Top dressing: from spring to autumn, myrtle is fertilized weekly with flower fertilizer.

Pruning: plants tolerate pruning and shearing, so they can be given any shape.

rest period: in winter; the plant is kept in a bright, cool (5-10 ° C) place, watering is limited.

Transfer: young plants are transplanted every year in the spring, without deepening the base of the trunk into the soil; further transplantation is carried out if necessary after 2-3 years.

Reproduction: The plant is propagated by seeds and cuttings.

Myrtle Care

Myrtle loves bright diffused light, tolerates a certain amount of direct sunlight. Suitable for growing near western and eastern windows. At the windows of the south direction in the summer, it is necessary to provide the plant with protection from the midday sun. It can grow on a north window, but flowering will be less plentiful. In winter, myrtle is placed in the most illuminated places.

In summer, the myrtle can be exposed outdoors, to a place where protection from the direct midday sun is provided. The plant should be accustomed to a new level of illumination gradually. Some flower growers bury a pot of myrtle directly into the ground to harden the plant for the summer.

Myrtle loves coolness, in spring and summer he needs a moderate or slightly below moderate temperature (18-20 ° C). During the winter months, the myrtle tree is best kept at 5°C and no higher than 8-10°C. At higher than optimal winter temperatures, the plant may shed its foliage.

Myrtle needs an influx of fresh air.

Myrtle is watered from spring to autumn regularly and plentifully (as the top layer of the substrate dries up), in winter it is limited, with soft settled water. In no case should even a short-term drying of the soil be allowed. If, nevertheless, the substrate is dry, apply watering by immersing the pot in a container of water. At the same time, care must be taken that the water does not stagnate in the pan.

You should carefully monitor the humidity of the air. Although under natural myrtle conditions, air humidity rarely exceeds 60%, in rooms with central heating it is usually less than half. From spring to autumn, the plant should be sprayed regularly. For spraying, use only soft settled or filtered water. In winter, when kept cool, the plant is not sprayed.

From spring to autumn, the myrtle is fertilized, as already noted, with a weekly flower fertilizer.

Myrtle has a pronounced dormant period. Depending on the position in the room, the myrtle is at rest from 3 (on the north window) to 1.5 (on the south) months.

Myrtle easily tolerates a haircut, and it can be given a very bizarre shape. Several ways of forming a plant are given: “If myrtle (this is how myrtle was called in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century) is left to itself, then the plant will take the form of a pyramid. If you cut off the upper shoot, then the shape of a bush, if, finally, cut off the side shoots, then the myrtle takes the form of a crowned tree and branches at the top.

However, the author advises not to get too carried away with pruning lateral shoots, especially in young plants, since the myrtle stem is not strong enough. Also, do not pinch young shoots too often - this reduces the intensity of flowering. Therefore, when caring for myrtle, you need to decide what is preferable - strongly branching compact bushes or beautifully flowering specimens with a loose crown.

Young plants are transplanted every year in the spring, without deepening the base of the trunk into the soil; further transplantation is carried out if necessary after 2-3 years. The following mixtures are recommended as a substrate: 1) sod-humus-peat soil and sand in equal proportions; 2) ordinary greenhouse soil; 3) clay-soddy-peat-humus soil and sand (1:1:1:0.5). The pH of the substrate should be in the region of 5-6. The bottom of the pot provides a good layer of drainage.

Reproduction of myrtle

Myrtle is propagated by seeds and cuttings.

Propagation of myrtle seeds

For sowing, we make a mixture of peat and sand in a ratio of 1: 1 (you can mix peat with vermiculite (1: 1)). The substrate is moistened (you can shed the substrate with a fungicide).

Seeds are distributed over the surface of the substrate, sprinkled on top with a thin layer of the substrate. The container with seeds is covered with glass or a transparent bag (you can use cling film). The temperature is maintained not lower than +18..20 °C. Periodically ventilate by removing the shelter. The substrate must be kept moist, try not to overmoisten or overdry.

Seedlings usually germinate in 7-14 days. When the seedlings have two true leaves, they dive into pots of the appropriate size. The substrate is made up of soddy land - 1 hour, humus - 1 hour, peat - 1 hour and sand - 1 hour. After transshipment, the seedlings may freeze in growth for a while, after a while they usually start growing again.

By weaving a clod of earth with roots, transshipment is done. Further care - as for adult plants.

Myrtle grown from seeds blooms at 5 years of age.

Reproduction of myrtle cuttings

The cuttings are watered, sprayed and covered with glass or plastic wrap. Occasionally, the soil is ventilated to avoid rotting of the cuttings and acidification of the soil. Cuttings take root within 20-30 days. Rooted cuttings are planted in 7 cm pots. The substrate is made up of turf land - 1 hour, humus - 1 hour, peat - 1 hour and sand - 1 hour. Water plentifully. Young plants are pinched to encourage flowering. By weaving a clod of earth with roots, transshipment is given. A plant from cuttings blooms for 3-4 years.

Myrtle species

To the genus Myrtle (Myrtus) belongs to 16 to 40 species of the myrtle family. Species of the genus Myrtle are common in North Africa, Western Asia, on the islands of the Caribbean, in Florida (USA), on the Azores, in Europe (Mediterranean region).

In culture, one species is widely known - Myrtle ordinary M. communis.

Common myrtle (Myrtus communis). It grows in the undergrowth of evergreen oaks and pines and in thickets of shrubs in the Mediterranean region, the Azores, North Africa. Trees or shrubs up to 3-4 m tall; shoots 4-sided, finely hairy, rounded, glabrous. Leaves opposite, sometimes collected in 3, ovate, lanceolate, 2-4 (up to 5) cm long and 1-2 cm wide, pointed, leathery, entire, smooth, glabrous, glossy.

If you look at a leaf of myrtle in the light, you can see small dots filled with essential oil, thanks to which the plant emits a pleasant aroma. The most fragrant white flowers of the plant. They are medium-sized (up to 2 cm in diameter), five-petalled, located one at a time on long pedicels. Numerous golden stamens give them a special identity.

In nature, myrtle reaches a height of 3-5 m. In culture, the plant is low (about 60 cm), rarely reaches 1 m.

Common myrtle has many cultural forms that differ in leaf position and ability to bloom.

Possible Difficulties in Growing Myrtle

If there is not enough light, the stems are stretched, the leaves become smaller and turn pale, in the case of its excess, they fade, turn yellow, the edges curl. In a dark room with a high temperature, the plant sheds its leaves.

If placed too warm and dark, the leaves may fall off. If suddenly the leaves began to fly around from the myrtle, then the matter is in the wrong watering: it is either insufficient or excessive. In this case, it can be recommended to immerse the overdried plant in water, and transplant the waterlogged one. However, most often the plant cannot be saved.

Pests primarily affect old specimens. It also contributes too heat air in winter.