Kidney stones diet is correct. Basic principles of nutrition in urolithiasis: a diet to prevent disease

Diet at urolithiasis The kidneys can be a great tool in healing – or they can be completely useless. It depends on the type of metabolic disorders that led to stone formation, and, therefore,.

What are the general dietary guidelines for treating kidney stones?

Nutrition of a patient with urolithiasis must be balanced.

One, but very important: enough water to drink. Ideally - 2-2.5 liters daily, preference is given to pure non-mineral water, juices and fruit drinks are allowed, but not tea, coffee, cocoa, beer or wine.
The process of stone formation begins with an increased concentration of ions in the urine, respectively, the more water is filtered with urine, the lower this concentration will be.
The diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys should be balanced in composition and sufficient energy value - after all, it will have to be followed for many years.

If there are any diseases gastrointestinal tract, this must certainly be taken into account: exacerbation of cholecystitis or pancreatitis, intestinal dysbacteriosis inevitably leads to malabsorption of vitamins and trace elements, and ultimately contributes to stone formation.

When is the diet effective?

Amino acid stones - cysteine and xanthine, are formed against the background of genetic abnormalities, they cannot be corrected by diet, but there is hope to get rid of urate stones by following certain recommendations.
It is not worth hoping for the dissolution of existing oxalates or phosphorus-calcium stones and calcium carbonates, but a diet is necessary to prevent the formation of new stones.
Magnesium salts of phosphoric acid (struvites) are most often formed not due to metabolic disorders, but against the background of a urinary tract infection. But even in this case, some dietary recommendations will not be superfluous.

So, to choose a diet for urolithiasis, you need to know chemical composition stone.

Urats

They are formed when there is an excess content in the urine of the end product of purine metabolism - uric acid.

Purines are found in large quantities in meat, especially young animals (chicken, veal), offal, their concentration is high in jellies and rich broths. Excess purines in mushrooms and legumes. The diet allows you to eat boiled meat or fish no more than 3 times a week.
Alcoholic drinks, especially beer and red wine, sharply reduce the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys. The content of these products in the diet should be reduced.
Few purines contain vegetables, cereals and dairy products. That is, with urate nephrolithiasis, it is advisable to adhere to a milk-vegetable diet.
potatoes, tomatoes, Bell pepper, eggplant; buckwheat, millet, barley groats and pasta; nuts and seeds; milk and dairy products, cottage cheese and mild cheeses; eggs, any berries and fruits can be eaten in unlimited quantities.
Uric acid crystallizes in an acidic environment, therefore, with uric acid diathesis, urine must be alkalized. Alkaline mineral waters are suitable for this (Borjomi, Jermuk, Obukhovskaya), lemon juice and citrate mixtures (blemaren).
As herbal medicine, you can use decoctions of clover, blackcurrant leaves, cornflower flowers, burdock roots and dandelion.

Oxalates

An excess of oxalate can form with increased consumption of foods containing oxalic acid or vitamin C, which is metabolized in the body before it, as well as with increased absorption of oxalic acid, which is associated with a deficiency of calcium and vitamin B6.

Therefore, foods rich in oxalic acid are primarily excluded from nutrition: lettuce, spinach, beets, celery, parsley, tea and coffee, chocolate and cocoa, jelly and jellies.
Limit carrots, tomatoes, green beans, chicken and beef.
Allowed potatoes and cabbage, pumpkin, peas, pears, apricots, bananas and watermelons, all cereals, dairy products, preferably in the 1st half of the day.
You can not take vitamin C as a dietary supplement, products are excluded from the diet, where ascorbic acid acts as a preservative.
Limit foods containing a lot of vitamin C: citrus fruits, currants, rose hips, sour apples.
Foods rich in vitamin B6, calcium and magnesium (potatoes, nuts, whole grains) are needed.
The effect of alkaline drinking is small, but herbal medicine - half-fallen, madder dye, birch leaves and violet roots - are highly recommended.

Phosphates

The amount of dairy products in the diet of a person with phosphate kidney stones should be limited.

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid (apatites) are formed against the background of disorders of phosphorus-calcium metabolism (hypervitaminosis D, excess parathyroid hormone, renal tubular acidosis), therefore, for this type of urolithiasis, it is important to reduce calcium excretion by the kidneys.

The condition for the formation of magnesium compounds (struvites) - infection urinary tract, therefore, for their prevention it is necessary good immunity.
But both crystallize in an alkaline environment, so one of the main goals of the diet for phosphaturia is to acidify the urine.

Vegetables and fruits are sharply reduced in nutrition, except for pumpkin, beans, peas, asparagus and Brussels sprouts (they have little calcium and alkalizing components), and sour berries - cranberries, currants, lingonberries.
Milk and dairy products (cheese, cottage cheese), which have an alkalizing effect and are rich in calcium, are limited.
Exclude products that increase the secretion of gastric juice, and, consequently, leading to the loss of acid radicals: alcohol, coffee, spices and spicy snacks, carbonated drinks.
An excess of table salt increases the excretion of calcium, therefore, in the presence of apatite, salty foods are also undesirable.
You can eat meat and fish, pasta and bread, cereals and soups, butter and vegetable oil. Especially should not be neglected butter, which, along with liver and egg yolk, rich in vitamin A. Retinol has been found to help prevent infection and reduce stone formation.
Against the background of a constantly observed diet, you need to periodically arrange "calcium" days - eat cottage cheese, cheese, nuts - this will prevent the unpleasant consequences of hypocalcemia and will not lead to the growth of stones.
As with any variant of urolithiasis, with phosphaturia you need to drink a lot, and it is better to choose sour drinks - fruit drinks from cranberries and lingonberries, juice from sour varieties of apples and grapes, mineral waters such as Arzni, Dolomitnaya, Truskavetskaya, Sairme.
You can pay attention to herbal teas, especially with the use of herbs that increase the solubility of phosphates: burdock root, madder dye, elecampane, bearberry, lovage, centaury.

Thus, dietary recommendations are possible if the nature of the stone is established, in all other cases it is not necessary to act at random. It is enough to drink more - the usual fresh water or neutral mineral waters of Zheleznovodsk, decoctions of herbs with a diuretic, but without a pronounced alkalizing or acidifying effect, eat food rich in vitamins A and B, empty the bladder more often and move more.

Which doctor to contact

V Lately The number of people seeking help with kidney stones is on the rise. But not only drug treatment appears as a guarantee of effective recovery. Diet for kidney stones plays one of the most important roles. It guarantees the effective dissolution of hard deposits and the prevention of their re-formation. ICD code 10 - urolithiasis (N20-N23).

Diet Basics

Self-medication is not allowed here. This applies not only to the selection of suitable medicines, but also to the determination of suitable foods for consumption. After all, not all of them can have a positive impact on the human condition. The first thing the doctor does is to determine which specific type of stones the patient's body is predisposed to. Focusing on the results, he recommends excluding certain foods from the menu that cause the accumulation of this type of salt.

It is very important to keep drinking. Unfortunately, such a simple rule, which recommends that people drink 2.5 liters of fluid per day, is observed only by a few. You can even increase this volume. The more water passes through the urinary system, the more effectively the tissues and ducts are cleaned from sand and small stones.

Approved Products

Today we managed to determine a list of products that improve functional features genitourinary system, if you eat them every day. This list includes:

If all of the above is regularly eaten, you can not only prevent the formation of stones, but also effectively get rid of those that are already available. If you have removed the stones, then the diet will have to be followed in any case.

The fact is that patients who turn to doctors with such a problem already have a tendency to re-form stones. The diet is actually simple and easy to follow. It consists of products useful for the body, which are prepared in stewed, boiled, baked form. It is also good to cook dishes in a double boiler.

The formation of stones can be provoked by the intake of certain foods.. They must be urgently limited in order to feel healthy for as long as possible and not face a deterioration in well-being again. This:

It is also undesirable to get involved in dairy products. If a person has a tendency to oxalate stones, then he should give up tomatoes. For prevention and treatment, any smoked meats, canned food, spices and marinades are excluded. In no case should you eat mustard, horseradish. Harmful:

sorrel;
salty fish;
parsley;
spinach.

Carbonated drinks form insoluble stones that are very difficult to break. The same goes for alcohol. This is explained by the presence of oxalic acid in these drinks.

There are several subspecies of nephrolithiasis, which are characterized depending on the type of stones. They can be phosphate, oxalate and urate. It is possible to determine which specific type of stones in human kidneys belong to through laboratory tests.

It is impossible to understand on your own which stones are contained in the bladder and kidneys. Each type of calculus has its own diet plan. If only products are allowed for a person with urate stones, then they can be completely banned for a person with oxalate inclusions in the kidneys. That is why they talk about the health hazards of an unauthorized diet with uric acid kidney stones.

Type of food for urolithiasis

Urate stones form as a result of an excess of uric acid.. It can accumulate in tissues for various reasons. Some experts claim that such stones can be present in a small amount in the body of any person, even a healthy one.

They pose a threat only when their numbers increase. To prevent urolithiasis, you should eat foods that make urine pH alkaline. Sour-milk drinks, cheese and cottage cheese, wheat and buckwheat, fruits are considered useful. Any product that contains a large amount of vitamin C will also benefit. Regardless of the type of stones, alcohol, canned food and fatty foods are prohibited.

On the other hand, fat is necessary component menu for any person to keep digestion working normally. However, we are talking about healthy fats, which are quite problematic to find. And certainly these are not the fats that are found in store-bought factory-made products. To prevent urate stones from forming again, the patient is prescribed a drinking regimen. He should consume 2.5 liters of water daily, and this is the minimum mark. In the hot season, this figure should be increased.

For oxalate stones

Such stones are the result of an increase in the content of oxalic acid. This can be caused by errors in nutrition, when a person is fond of fast food, as well as the presence of a large amount of vitamin C on the menu. Oxalate stones require fractional nutrition. They cannot be dealt with if a person drinks little water throughout the day.

Having figured out what is allowed to eat with kidney stones, you can save yourself from the adverse manifestations of the disease for a long time. At first, doctors prescribe a one-time meal for a diet for oxalate kidney stones, which is prescribed along with freshly squeezed juices. Products with oxalic acid should be excluded completely.

Salt is not removed permanently, but its content should be minimal.

The emphasis should be on B vitamins, which are rich in fruits and vegetables. Beneficial effects are also distinguished by special medicinal fees sold in pharmacies.

With phosphate stones

Phosphate stones do not form very often. If they still appear, this indicates a large amount of magnesium and calcium in the body. It is important to give up dairy and limit the consumption of a number of fruits and vegetables. At the same time, it is allowed to use any kind of legumes and grains for phosphaturia.

Protein-rich foods, sour berries and green vegetables will bring benefits. Butter pastries, sweets, pickled food, spices, and alcohol are strictly prohibited. Fatty varieties of meat and fish are also banned.

Approximate menu

Based on the list of allowed products, you can create a daily menu for a child or an adult. involves the exclusion of the so-called provocateurs of kidney stones. Optionally, you can modify the varieties of meat, but in any case, they must be included in the list of permitted. The same can be said about other ingredients such as cereals and vegetable dishes.

With oxalate stones, you can eat cottage cheese 5% or 9% for breakfast, you can supplement it with a crust of bread with butter and tea with milk. The next meal is at 10:00 am. During the afternoon snack, oatmeal is served. From drinking it is better to give preference to lingonberry juice. For lunch, soup is prepared from vegetable broth with the addition of a spoonful of sour cream. You can eat a crust of bread and drink homemade compote, cooked from berries that are allowed to be taken.

At 15:00, a pasta casserole with 5% or 9% cottage cheese is prepared, as well as homemade fruit jelly. Sweet varieties of apples are best suited for this. For dinner, beef is served, which is boiled for at least an hour and a half or baked. Garnish with mashed potatoes and carrots. You can drink a glass of mineral water without gas at the same time. The last meal includes a savory bun that can be washed down with lingonberry or cranberry juice.

Early in the morning, you can eat a casserole of carrots and apples with the addition of millet. It is also allowed to use a salad made from fresh vegetables. As a drink, tea is chosen, into which a few tablespoons of milk are poured.

At 10:00 a.m., the patient can eat a savory bun, washed down with any rosehip-based drink. The fruits can be made into an infusion or decoction. For lunch, vermicelli soup with milk is suitable. For the second, you can serve potato meatballs with bread, as well as berry compote. At 15:00, it is allowed to eat any sweet fruit in small quantities, such as apples.

In the evening, you can cook vegetable cabbage rolls. As a filling for them, it is recommended to use neutral products, such as boiled rice. As a drink, it is better to choose water without gas. Before going to bed, meals should be very light. You can take a decoction of bran.

Daily menu for phosphate stones

Taken for breakfast buckwheat porridge, 250 ml of weak tea and boiled egg white. At 10:00 you can cook any pastry, consisting of permitted products. You can drink it with a drink made from rose hips. For lunch, soup with meatballs is prepared. For the latter, you only need to take lean varieties meat. This dinner is served with a crust of bread and fruit compote.

For dinner, skinless chicken is served. Rice is used as a side dish. You can drink mineral water without gas at this time. Late dinner includes weak tea with diet bread.

Recipes for allowed dishes

Takovo sample menu at various types stones. But it's important to know how to cook the dishes described above. For example, if you need to cook buckwheat soup, you will need potatoes, carrots, onions and buckwheat. Spices are allowed, but they must all be natural. Ideally, if the herbs are collected and harvested on their own.

First, put water on fire and pour salt. Boil. Buckwheat is washed, potatoes are cut into cubes. Onions, carrots are rubbed. Throw all the ingredients into boiling water and cook until the potatoes are cooked. Greens are added and served hot.

It would be a mistake to think that with such a diet for urolithiasis in women and men, salads are prohibited. They just become more useful. Let's say it's a salad with potatoes with sauce. Here you will need, in addition to the main ingredient, egg yolk, low-fat sour cream, garlic, spices and the juice of half a lemon. The potatoes are washed and boiled in their skins. Peel and cut into medium-sized cubes. Pass the garlic through a garlic press and crush with a knife. Mixed with sour cream, boiled yolk and herbs. Combine potatoes with the resulting sauce.

You can cook zrazy from rice. Rice groats are taken as components, chicken breast without skin, egg. Cook rice until cooked and divide into two halves. Rub the chicken breast through a meat grinder and mix with half the cereal. Form two cakes. Stack and place leftover rice with boiled egg. Cover with a second layer. Baked in the oven or cooked in a double boiler.

Pumpkin dishes are very useful. You can make soup from it. To do this, take 300 g of pumpkin, 1 onion and 2 potatoes. You will also need a small carrot, some greens, 20 grams olive oil. Boil potatoes cut into cubes. After 15 minutes, cut the pumpkin into pieces, add to the potatoes. Lightly salt, continue to cook for 10 minutes. The pumpkin must not be allowed to boil. It should be translucent. Instead, you can use squash or zucchini in this soup.

Urolithiasis in medical circles is considered quite common. According to statistics, women are more likely to suffer from it, 80% of all cases of formation of stones in the kidneys occur in them. The exact reason for this has not yet been clarified, but experts believe that this was due to hormonal background representatives of the beautiful half of humanity, which undergoes significant changes throughout life. Another reason for the occurrence of stones in the urinary system are dietary errors and metabolic disorders. In addition to the human form of the disease, there is also urolithiasis in dogs. Diet for an animal, as well as for a person, in this case plays a significant role, since it is malnutrition that leads to the formation of stones.

What are kidney stones

The formation of stones in the organs of the urinary system occurs due to an increase in the urine of calcium, oxalic and uric acid salts, as well as cystine. Depending on the substances from which stones are formed, the following types are distinguished.

Urate formed when there is too much uric acid. They look like smooth rounded formations of red-orange hues.
Oxalates that occur when there is an excess content of ascorbic and oxalic acids in the urine. They look like uneven black formations, often with spikes and sharp protrusions.
Phosphates, formed with an excess of calcium in the body. They look like light gray or white rounded stones with a smooth or slightly rough surface. In some cases, they can grow and form conglomerate structures in the renal pelvis, resembling corals.
Xanthine and cystine stones are formed as a result of impaired absorption of cystine from the intestine and insufficiency of xanthiooxidase.

Along with conservative and folk methods treatment of the disease, all experts agree that a diet for urolithiasis not only contributes to a faster onset of recovery, but also prevents the re-formation of stones.

General dietary guidelines for kidney stones

Self-selection of a diet for any ailment cannot give a positive result, since only a specialist after a detailed diagnosis can determine from which substances the calculi were formed. This information will make it possible to compile a list of products that must be completely excluded from the patient's diet and determine which diet for urolithiasis in a particular patient will be more effective.

In any case, the patient will have to follow the following nutritional rules, which are applicable to all types of diets for kidney disease.

Completely exclude from the menu products that can form free compounds during splitting, which dissolve little or not at all, which means they are dangerous for the kidneys.
Increase the amount of water consumed to such an amount that the volume of urine excreted per day is at least 2 liters. Carbonated and low-alcohol drinks saturated with flavorings and preservatives should not be consumed.
The amount of food consumed at one time should not exceed the average recommended serving of 250 ml by nutritionists.

Nutrition for urolithiasis (urates)

Since urates are formed due to the increased content of uric acid in the body, a diet is recommended, which is based on changing the reaction of urine from acid to alkaline. To do this, it is enough to reduce or completely eliminate the intake of purines, which are found in animal products. The diet for urolithiasis (urates) consists mainly of vegetarian dishes, which include all kinds of vegetables and fruits, as well as milk.

When treating uraturia, it is not recommended to take too long breaks between meals. It is best to practice six meals a day, while servings should not be more than 250 ml. The main dishes with this diet are soups, boiled, stewed and baked vegetables, semi-liquid or slimy cereals. The content of salt in dishes should be reduced to 5-7 g per day.

Menu for uraturia - what is impossible and what is possible?

The diet for this type of urolithiasis provides for the complete exclusion from the menu of the following products:

meat products: fatty veal, offal, meat of young chickens, piglets and other animals, canned meat, boiled and smoked sausages;
cocoa and coffee, including chocolate;
Black tea;
alcohol;
animal fats, including fish fat and lard.

The list of products allowed for consumption in the presence of urate stones in the kidneys includes:

vegetables: beets, carrots, cabbage, potatoes, cucumbers, green crops;
fruits: figs, apples, peaches, apricots, pears, plums, grapes;
berries: strawberries, gooseberries, raspberries, cranberries;
nuts of all kinds;
vegetable and butter;
dairy products: cottage cheese, cream, milk, kefir, cheeses;
flour products from rich and unleavened dough;
cereals: buckwheat, millet, corn, millet, rice;
drinks: alkaline mineral water, jelly, compotes, green tea with the addition of milk;
eggs.

A diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys with the formation of urates may include meat products. However, they should be consumed no more than twice a week and only in boiled form. In this case, a large amount of purines will remain in the broth, which patients cannot use.

Dietary nutrition for oxalate stones

Menu with oxalates: allowed and prohibited products

The basis of the menu for oxaluria is:

vegetarian soups, which may include permitted vegetables (pumpkin, cauliflower);
cereals in milk or water from oatmeal and buckwheat;
dairy products, including cottage cheese and cheese;
eggs;
vegetable oil and margarine;
prunes.

If a diet for urolithiasis is fully compliant with all the recommendations of specialists, oxalates stop growing and are gradually eliminated from the patient's body.

Diet for Phosphate Kidney Stones

Since the formation of phosphate stones is due to the alkaline reaction of urine and the violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism in the body, the diet for urolithiasis is aimed at acidifying urine and reducing the amount of calcium salts entering the body. To achieve the result, it is necessary to sharply limit the consumption of dairy products and vegetables, you can include leguminous crops in the menu twice a week. Salt food should be moderate.

Menu with phosphate stones

The basis of the diet of patients suffering from urolithiasis with a predominance of phosphates includes:

flour products: white and black bread, muffins, pasta;
meat products: beef, lamb, pork, poultry, fish;
vegetables: greens, cabbage of all kinds, pumpkin and tomatoes, cucumbers and beets, beans, peas and lentils;
fruits: sour apples, pears, plums, apricots, figs, grapes;
berries: currants, cranberries, lingonberries, wild strawberries, gooseberries;
butter and vegetable oils;
mushrooms;
cereals: buckwheat, rice, millet, oats.

A diet for kidney stones helps stop the formation of phosphate stones. In addition, if you follow it for three months, the size of the calculi may decrease, which will allow them to come out naturally.

Urolithiasis, treatment: diet number 7

The so-called 7th table diet is intended for patients with any disorders of the urinary organs, and the kidneys in particular. This nutrition plan is designed for use in acute diffuse glomerulonephritis, chronic nephritis in remission, as well as in diseases such as urolithiasis. Diet 7 helps to normalize the water and electrolyte balance in the body, restore blood pressure and improve kidney function, even in the presence of inflammatory processes in them. That is why it is classified by experts as the best diet for kidney disease.

Diet Basics 7

The nutrition plan for such a diet is characterized by limiting the amount of protein consumed, while fats and carbohydrates remain within the recommended physiological norms. Unlike other types of diets, the rate of water consumption is reduced and does not exceed 800 ml per day. Meat, mushroom and fish broths and extractives are subject to complete exclusion from the diet. It is recommended to eat food prepared different ways: boiling, baking, stewing and even frying. The amount of salt diet for urolithiasis number 7 recommends reducing to 5 g per day, while it is better to add salt to already prepared food. Salty and pickled foods are not recommended.

Menu for diet 7

flour products: protein-free, bran, salt-free wheat bread, muffins, sweet pastries;
first courses: vegetarian soups on vegetable broths with cereals, pasta, butter and herbs;
main dishes: boiled lean meat, chopped meatballs, boiled or baked fish;
side dishes: boiled, stewed or fried vegetables, including potatoes, pumpkin, cauliflower, tomatoes and herbs, pasta;
desserts: fruits and berries in their natural form or puree, preserves, jams, watermelons and melons, honey;
dairy products: cottage cheese and casseroles from it, puddings, fermented milk drinks;
eggs: steamed omelet, boiled in a bag or soft-boiled;
sauces and gravies, including sweet, fruity or creamy ones;
drinks: juices from fruits and berries, diluted in half with water, decoctions and compotes from garden fruits and berries, weak tea with lemon.

Foods that are not included in the above list should be used with caution. Strict compliance of nutrition with the basic principles of the diet contributes to the rapid recovery of the body after suffering diseases of the urinary system.

A diet for kidney stones can be a great tool in the treatment - or it can be completely useless. It depends on the type of metabolic disorders that led to stone formation, and, consequently, on the chemical composition of the stone.

What are the general dietary guidelines for treating kidney stones?

One, but very important: enough water to drink. Ideally - 2-2.5 liters daily, preference is given to pure non-mineral water, juices and fruit drinks are allowed, but not tea, coffee, cocoa, beer or wine. The process of stone formation begins with an increased concentration of ions in the urine, respectively, the more water is filtered with urine, the lower this concentration will be.
The diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys should be balanced in composition and sufficient energy value - after all, it will have to be followed for many years.

If there are any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, this must certainly be taken into account: exacerbation of cholecystitis or pancreatitis, intestinal dysbacteriosis inevitably leads to malabsorption of vitamins and microelements, and ultimately contributes to stone formation.

When is the diet effective?

Amino acid stones - cysteine and xanthine, are formed against the background of genetic abnormalities, they cannot be corrected by diet, but there is hope to get rid of urate stones by following certain recommendations.
It is not worth hoping for the dissolution of existing oxalates or phosphorus-calcium stones and calcium carbonates, but a diet is necessary to prevent the formation of new stones.
Magnesium salts of phosphoric acid (struvites) are most often formed not due to metabolic disorders, but against the background of a urinary tract infection. But even in this case, some dietary recommendations will not be superfluous.

So, to choose a diet for urolithiasis, you need to know the chemical composition of the stone.

Urats

They are formed when there is an excess content in the urine of the end product of purine metabolism - uric acid.

Purines are found in large quantities in meat, especially young animals (chicken, veal), offal, their concentration is high in jellies and rich broths. Excess purines in mushrooms and legumes. The diet allows you to eat boiled meat or fish no more than 3 times a week.
Alcoholic drinks, especially beer and red wine, sharply reduce the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys. The content of these products in the diet should be reduced.
Few purines contain vegetables, cereals and dairy products. That is, with urate nephrolithiasis, it is advisable to adhere to a milk-vegetable diet. Potatoes, tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplants; buckwheat, millet, barley groats and pasta; nuts and seeds; milk and dairy products, cottage cheese and mild cheeses; eggs, any berries and fruits can be eaten in unlimited quantities.
Uric acid crystallizes in an acidic environment, therefore, with uric acid diathesis, urine must be alkalized. For this, alkaline mineral waters (Borjomi, Jermuk, Obukhovskaya), lemon juice and citrate mixtures (blemaren) are suitable.
As herbal medicine, you can use decoctions of clover, blackcurrant leaves, cornflower flowers, burdock roots and dandelion.

Oxalates

Therefore, foods rich in oxalic acid are primarily excluded from nutrition: lettuce, spinach, beets, celery, parsley, tea and coffee, chocolate and cocoa, jelly and jellies.
Limit carrots, tomatoes, green beans, chicken and beef.
Allowed potatoes and cabbage, pumpkin, peas, pears, apricots, bananas and watermelons, all cereals, dairy products, preferably in the 1st half of the day.
You can not take vitamin C as a dietary supplement, products are excluded from the diet, where ascorbic acid acts as a preservative. Limit foods containing a lot of vitamin C: citrus fruits, currants, rose hips, sour apples.
Foods rich in vitamin B6, calcium and magnesium (potatoes, nuts, whole grains) are needed.
The effect of alkaline drinking is small, but herbal medicine - half-fallen, madder dye, birch leaves and violet roots - are highly recommended.

Phosphates

The condition for the formation of magnesium compounds (struvites) is a urinary tract infection, so good immunity is needed for their prevention. But both crystallize in an alkaline environment, so one of the main goals of the diet for phosphaturia is to acidify the urine.

Vegetables and fruits are sharply reduced in nutrition, except for pumpkin, beans, peas, asparagus and Brussels sprouts (they have little calcium and alkalizing components), and sour berries - cranberries, currants, lingonberries.
Milk and dairy products (cheese, cottage cheese), which have an alkalizing effect and are rich in calcium, are limited.
Exclude products that increase the secretion of gastric juice, and, consequently, leading to the loss of acid radicals: alcohol, coffee, spices and spicy snacks, carbonated drinks.
An excess of table salt increases the excretion of calcium, therefore, in the presence of apatite, salty foods are also undesirable.
You can eat meat and fish, pasta and bread, cereals and soups, butter and vegetable oil. Butter should not be neglected in particular, which, along with liver and egg yolk, is rich in vitamin A. Retinol has been found to help prevent infection and reduce stone formation.
Against the background of a constantly observed diet, you need to periodically arrange "calcium" days - eat cottage cheese, cheese, nuts - this will prevent the unpleasant consequences of hypocalcemia and will not lead to the growth of stones.
As with any variant of urolithiasis, with phosphaturia you need to drink a lot, and it is better to choose sour drinks - fruit drinks from cranberries and lingonberries, juice from sour varieties of apples and grapes, mineral waters such as Arzni, Dolomitnaya, Truskavetskaya, Sairme.
You can pay attention to herbal teas, especially with the use of herbs that increase the solubility of phosphates: burdock root, madder dye, elecampane, bearberry, lovage, centaury.

Thus, dietary recommendations are possible if the nature of the stone is established, in all other cases it is not necessary to act at random. It is enough to drink more - ordinary fresh water or neutral mineral waters of Zheleznovodsk, decoctions of herbs with a diuretic, but without a pronounced alkalizing or acidifying effect, eat food rich in vitamins A and B, empty the bladder more often and move more.

All pathologies of the urinary system pass with certain features that require a special approach to, as well as additional: special nutrition, exercise therapy, physiotherapy. A special diet during the fight against the disease is very important, because the metabolism of absorption of nutrients and their breakdown passes through the renal system. Diet in diseases, such as: in patients, is needed for recovery. Eating according to the rules of permits and prohibitions prevents the formation of new stone formations.

The causes of the pathology are the wrong lifestyle (bad habits, stress, poor daily routine), inflammatory diseases (cystitis, pyelonephritis), impaired metabolism and the individual tendency of the body to form stones.

Urolithiasis (UCD) occurs due to an increase in the salt concentration in the urine, which accumulates and degenerates into stone formations. This pathology is common in many people, long time can exist secretly, it can be acute, chronic, can lead to complicated reactions and is characterized by a repetition of processes. All patients with KSD have a peculiarity of the body to the formation of various stones.

Diagnostic studies determine which type of stones are present in the patient: phosphate, urate, oxalate, or mixed. In accordance with the type, there is a choice of a dietary diet prescribed by a doctor.

Proper nutrition in urolithiasis is important and significant - the combination of products affects the educational functional ability of the renal organs, due to the composition of trace elements that are the chemical components of food.

The diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys includes a combination of permitted food products and a mandatory drinking regimen. Such measures prevent the occurrence of stone inclusions, change the composition of urine and remove sediment from the kidneys.

The basics of a diet for pathology

The principles on which the patient should rely on diet therapy according to the ICD are as follows:

Drinking regimen. It is recommended to drink up to 2.5 liters of purified liquid in case of urolithiasis. It is allowed to take mineral water, rosehip drinks. Tea, compote, juice should be drunk as usual. They do not apply to this item. What kind of mineral water to drink, the doctor will tell you.
Fractional food intake. It is necessary to divide the time for eating up to 5 times a day. You have to eat in small portions.
balance and the energy value products. The presence of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet is necessary. Kilocalories should not exceed 2000 units per day. The table should be varied.
Accounting for concomitant diseases (especially the stomach and intestines). If the patient, in addition to urolithiasis, has pathologies of the digestive tract, then the diet should be corrected by a urologist, gastroenterologist and nutritionist.
Saturation with vitamins. The required amount of vitamins in the menu for a week must be present in the patient's diet.

IMPORTANT! Special nutrition for nephrolithiasis helps especially well with urates, and helps to eliminate them. Oxalates, phosphorus and calcium formations cannot be dissolved, here diets for urolithiasis can only prevent the occurrence of fresh stones. Changes in nutrition do not have any effect on the amino acid stone, since it belongs to genetic pathologies.

Schematic examples of nutrition in ICD

Nutrition for urates

Such stones are the result of impaired purine metabolism (excess uric acid), which causes high acidity of the urine. The diet for this type of stone should be aimed at alkalizing the urine and reducing the intake of foods that can cause purine disorders. The emphasis is on dairy and vegetable nutrition. In addition, alkaline is recommended here. mineral water with urolithiasis, cranberry, carrot juices. Allowed to drink tea, a small amount of coffee. It is strictly forbidden: alcohol for urolithiasis, in the form of red wine and beer.

Allowed	Forbidden	Sample menu for 1 day
Cereals - buckwheat, millet, barley	All types of sausages, canned food, smoked marinades	1 breakfast: 100 g carrot, oatmeal and apple pudding, 150 g vegetable salad with vegetable oil, tea + milk
Dairy products, cheeses without pepper	Brynza and other salty cheeses	2 breakfast: lean bun, rosehip drink
Eggs, lean meats, fish	Brains, heart, liver and lungs	Lunch: Portion vegetable soup with vermicelli, bread, 150 g potato slices, compote
The whole nightshade family, as well as beets	Fatty fish and meat	Afternoon snack: 2 apples
Bread, pasta	Jellies (jelly, aspic), mushrooms	Dinner: 200 g lazy cabbage rolls, any vegetables, mineral water
Seeds and nuts	All legumes	2 dinner: berry jelly
Soups with milk and vegetable broth	Fatty broths	Decoctions from: cornflower flowers, dandelion roots.
Jam, dried fruits, honey,	Chocolate
Fruits, berries (apples, pears, cherries, watermelons)	All types of fats
Any greens	Cauliflower, sorrel

As can be seen from the table, the table at the ICD is varied, everyone can choose the dishes that he likes. Some women like to fast and unload. Diet for urolithiasis disease in women with urates allows unloading up to 2 times a week: vegetables, kefir, any fruit. Starving is strictly prohibited, as this can lead to an acetone crisis.

The diet for urolithiasis in men is the same as in the opposite sex. Men love beer very much, but they should know that urolithiasis and beer are incompatible things.

IMPORTANT! Is it possible to eat tomatoes with urolithiasis with urate stones? - Yes, tomatoes are not prohibited, but you should limit yourself to taking ketchups and adjika.

Nutrition for oxalate formations

Oxalates are formed due to excessive intake of oxalic acid, ascorbic acid with food; with a lack of calcium and B-group vitamins.

In urolithiasis, nutrition in patients with such stones should also include a certain table that affects renal metabolism.

Allowed	Forbidden	Limited consumption	Approximate diet for 1 day
Cereals, cereals	by-products	Tomatoes, carrots, asparagus	Breakfast: 100 g cottage cheese, bread with butter, tea + milk
bran bread	Bouillons, all spices	Chicken meat, beef	2 breakfast: 150 g buckwheat porridge with milk, berry lingonberry juice
Dairy products (in 1 noon)	Smoked, salted, pickled products	Any currant, gooseberry	Lunch: 250 ml vegetarian soup, bread, pear compote
Low-fat fish	Kholodets, dishes with gelatin	All citrus fruits	Afternoon snack: cottage cheese casserole, coffee chicory drink
Potato, pumpkin, legumes, eggplant	Greens, sorrel, beets	Sweets	Dinner: a piece of beef, jacket potatoes, mineral water
Nuts, prunes	Chocolate, cocoa	sour apples	2 dinner: not rich bun, ryazhenka
Pear, sweet apples, grapes, apricots, watermelons	figs	young greenery
Phyto-infusions from: birch leaves, madder dye	Vitamin C as food additive and dishes with its content	Salt (can be substituted quality soy sauce)

The table shows that the table in patients with oxolates is diverse and provides a choice according to preferences. Patients are allowed fasting days with grapes. With urolithiasis, mineral water is recommended by taking up to 2 liters. All types of teas and coffee are allowed to drink only with milk.

IMPORTANT! Answering the question: is it possible for a patient with oxalate stones to drink beer with urolithiasis, it is worth noting that beer is not prohibited in a limited amount, but since it is classified as an alcoholic product, you need to think about what is more important - short-term pleasure or a positive result of therapy. Beer and urolithiasis are not quite compatible things. Only non-alcoholic beer is allowed in small volumes, as a source of B vitamins.

With phosphate stones, the same products are allowed and prohibited as with oxolate ones. The table is the same. Prohibitions can be extended to all vegetables and canned food with them, fruits, egg yolk, ice cream, alcohol and coffee. Cowberry and cranberry fruit drinks will be especially useful here.

The dietary course for patients with KSD should be aimed at improving the patient's condition and helping to stop the recurrence of the disease. Especially useful is therapeutic nutrition after operations to remove stones. Patients should adhere to the rules for taking the products indicated in the tables above. This will serve as a preventive measure to prevent the formation of fresh stones.