Modern private house usually built with an attic or second floor. Building such a house costs much less one-story house the same area. On the second floor, basement or attic, they go up and down the stairs, which simultaneously performs decorative

We welcome our regular reader and offer him an article about what a staircase from profile pipe and how to install it yourself.

Profile pipe - a pipe having a rectangular, square or oval section. Pipes have a cavity inside and relatively thin walls - due to this they have a relatively low weight and high strength, which allows them to be used everywhere in metal structures.

The ladder from a metal profile has many advantages in comparison with other types of ladders:

• The framework from a steel professional pipe has very high durability and does not lose it over time.
• The pipe is a relatively light material (when compared with solid-section metal), and the design of the stairs will be much lighter than reinforced concrete and not much heavier than wood.
• Very long service life - in a dry residential environment, the service life of steel structures can reach and exceed 100 years.
• Steel pipe is a very technological material, and it is possible to implement structures of any complexity.
• A ladder from a professional pipe can be made and mounted very quickly.
• Steel profiled pipes -
• Steel does not rot, is not damaged by bugs, does not dry out and does not crack.
• Stairs from metal structures can be mounted in an already built house, they can be upgraded at any time.
• Steel construction is more compact and versatile than reinforced concrete and wood.

The disadvantages of such stairs:

• Steel is susceptible to corrosion - structures will periodically have to be painted (and in damp places, for example, a basement, clean and process by special means from corrosion).
• Lightweight structures during descent and ascent are slightly springy.
• The decorativeness of the metal structure is not great, therefore, in residential premises, the steel structure is decorated with steps, railings and fences made of wood, glass and plastic.
• To make the design reliable, welding is used for its manufacture - you will need welding machine and a master with some experience.

Types of stairs from a professional pipe

The main types of stairs from a professional pipe: mid-flight, screw, ladders and attached. Attached ones are simple and easier to buy ready-made, but we will tell you more about other types.

Marching

A marching staircase consists of one or more spans connecting interfloor marching platforms and floors. The steps in the spans rest on one or more stringers, the spans are rectangular in shape, the steps are also rectangles. Stringers are straight and broken.

Single-flight stairs are installed in spacious halls or long wide corridors, more often they use the usual two-flight design - it can be installed in a stairwell. There may be more marches. A single-flight staircase is convenient because in the space under the stairs you can equip a pantry, a dressing room or a small bathroom.

The convenience of a single-flight staircase depends on the angle of inclination. A steep angle of inclination of the kosour is usually done at marches leading to the attic or basement - rarely visited premises.

Screw

Spiral staircases are often installed in residential areas - for example, living rooms. They are very original and decorative, compact, but not very convenient to use. The advantage of a small ladder is its compactness - it can be placed in a circle with a diameter of 1600 mm. Helical structures are usually installed in small houses in order to save space (in big houses a spiral staircase for beauty and a marching staircase for other purposes can be installed).

Consoles for steps are attached to the central support along a helical line, supports for railings are installed on the console along the outer perimeter - from the outside, the staircase is closed with a lattice that adds rigidity to the structure.

The steps have a triangular shape, when descending and ascending, it is advisable to hold hands on the railing for safety, it is very inconvenient to climb with objects in your hands. The most significant drawback is the inability to raise any large pieces of furniture to the second floor.

The second significant drawback is the complexity of design and especially manufacturing.

In large houses, you can install a turning staircase with a large angle of rotation and rectangular steps - it looks very impressive, it is convenient to walk and carry things on it, but it takes up a lot of space. Typically, such structures have a luxurious finish in the old style and serve as decoration for large mansions.

Ladder

This is the simplest type of stairs - two interconnected rectangular designs from pipes, steps-beams can be on one side or on both. The frames are interconnected with a special hinge. Triangular pointed tips are fixed on the underside of the racks.

The best profile option for one stringer is a pipe 100 × 100 or 80 × 80 mm with a wall thickness of at least 4 mm. For two stringers - a pipe with dimensions of at least 80 × 80 mm with a wall thickness of at least 3.5 mm. For side supports of steps and lintels between stringers - at least 50 × 50 mm or 60 × 40 mm with a wall thickness of at least 3 mm.

approximate price

Profiles 100 × 100 mm, 80 × 80 mm, 50 × 50 mm, 60 × 40 mm at retail cost from 50 rubles per kilogram - a very affordable price.

Calculations of the main parameters of the stairs

Normative parameters of the stairs: step width 30 cm, height 15 cm. Stairs with such parameters are installed in high-rise buildings. But for the house, such a ladder will be too cumbersome. To make the stairs more compact, increase the angle of its steepness. It is undesirable to increase the angle of steepness more than 45°.

Calculator depending on the length of the horizontal projection of the stairs from the angle of its steepness

The length of the horizontal projection depends on the floor height as follows:

Projection length \u003d ctg α x span height, where α is the angle of steepness.

The height of the floor necessarily includes the thickness of the ceiling with the thickness of the floor covering.

Flight length calculator

The length of the flight of stairs is calculated in two ways:

• If there is a slope angle, then the length is equal to the floor height divided by sin α; or the length of the projection onto the horizontal, divided by cos α.
• According to the Pythagorean theorem: the square root of the sum of the squares of the projection length and floor height.

Calculator for calculating the size of steps of a mid-flight staircase

The optimal height of the steps is 15 cm, allowed from 12 to 20 cm. The height of the floor is divided by 0.15 m, a fractional number is obtained, the nearest integer (greater or smaller) is chosen - this is the number of steps. The floor height is divided by the exact number of steps and the exact step height is obtained (to the nearest mm).

The depth of the tread should be at least 30 cm. This value makes it convenient to use the steps even for men with large size legs. If necessary, you can reduce the depth of the tread by 3 cm, but no more. If the floor plan of the march is too small to accommodate the right amount steps, then the steps are made cross-country - the upper step hangs over the lower one. Such a ladder should be used with caution when descending.

The width of the tread is usually in the range from 80 to 120 cm, at the very last resort it can be reduced to 70 cm.

Making a staircase from a professional pipe with your own hands

A metal structure, on which all family members will pass several times a day, will be reliable only if it is assembled by welding. If you have little welding skills, then it is quite possible to weld and install flights of stairs in a private house with your own hands. They look just as good as the store bought ones. Below we will consider the installation of a single-flight structure with straight steps and straight stringers - it is the simplest structurally.

Required tools and materials

For welding metal structures you will need:

• Welding machine. For home master it is enough to have an inverter welding machine with a welding current of 160-200 A.
• Electrodes.
• Drill, screwdriver.
• Electric jigsaw or grinder, cutting wheels for cutting metal, grinding wheels.
• Manual milling cutter - for grinding welded seams.
• Roulette, metal folding rule, square, protractor, plumb line, building level.
• Plane.
• Hammer.
• Clamps.
• Sandpaper, brushes.
• Anticorrosive primer.
• Dye.
• Dried boards 40 mm thick for steps.
• Lacquer for wood.

Drawings and diagrams

The device of the stairs requires very precise cutting of blanks and their welding, installation of finished structures. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to draw an exact drawing or detailed diagram, accurately specify all angles and dimensions.

Work order

Before performing work, the profile is carefully marked and the frame blanks are cut. Then stringers are installed, side supports for steps (“zigzag”), transverse lintels-supports are welded. Grind or mill welds, clean the entire frame with sandpaper, paint. Then mount the steps and the fence.

Making video

Features of assembling structures by welding are shown in the video:

Assembly and installation of the structure

The technology of welding and finishing the frame is described step by step below.

Frame preparation

Before welding the blanks, it is necessary to grind or mill the burrs at the places where the blanks are cut. Support plates are welded to the lower end of the stringers. Blanks for stringers are installed in their place and welded to mortgages or anchors pre-laid into the wall. This work cannot be done independently - you will need an assistant. Carefully measure the angles of inclination before and after installation. Then they carefully mark the place of installation of the lower step, weld two blanks - a side support for the step is obtained. Then repeat on the other side, weld the crossbar - and so on to the top of the stairs.

After welding each seam, it is necessary to allow the metal to cool, otherwise the structure will “lead”. During welding, the metal is very hot and can be deformed, therefore, after each stage of welding, it is necessary to check the dimensions and correctness of the angles and the horizontal-vertical position of each part.

When welding, it is necessary to take breaks so that the metal has time to cool down and it does not “drive”. The seams are ground or milled - protruding rollers spoil the overall impression of the structure.

Step installation

The board is sawn to size, sanded, coated if necessary with water-soluble paint to give the desired tone, dried, varnished 2-3 times. Holes are drilled and the boards are screwed to the side and transverse supports with self-tapping screws.

Mounting the fence

Modern fencing is usually mounted using bolts with nuts or self-tapping screws. On the underside of the fence posts, a flange with holes is made and screwed to the side zigzag supports. It is impossible to weld a fence in the presence of wooden treads. True, it is possible to weld racks to structures on the side, but such placement of the fence is not very aesthetically pleasing.

Painting and finishing works

Before installing wooden steps, the metal frame must be sanded, treated with an anti-corrosion primer, and painted twice with paint.

Photo - options for finished structures

There are many design options for stairs, our photos show the most decorative of them:

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Ladder from a profile pipe - 2 most the best options for home and garden

Square or rectangular hollow metal pipes have long become almost the main material for the construction of light frame structures in private construction. A do-it-yourself ladder made of a profile pipe, familiar to everyone, is available in almost every dacha.

To weld it from the pieces of material remaining after the construction of the fence or gazebo, you don’t need a lot of intelligence, welded between the guides of the crossbar and use it. Today I will talk about the calculation and assembly of more complex mid-flight and screw structures from the same profile pipe.

What you need to know when calculating any stairs

The calculation of a ladder from a profile pipe is not much different from the calculation of similar structures made of wood or concrete. You can’t call such calculations too complicated, the instructions are standard, but you shouldn’t neglect the stage of drawing up a drawing, or at least sketching a sketch, with the calculation of all sizes and angles.

Calculation of the main structure

Marching called rectilinear structures that do not have smooth bends or turns. There are still stairs with an intermediate turntable, and if all marches joining them are straight, then such structures also belong to marching ones.

• You should start by measuring the height of the future flight of stairs. This is the easiest to do. The height of the march is understood as the distance between the floor of the lower and upper floors. In other words, you need to add the thickness of the interfloor ceiling to the height of the ceilings;
• In order to make it comfortable to walk on your stairs, you need to clearly calculate the dimensions of the tread and riser. The tread is the platform on which we put the foot, and the riser is the vertical distance between the treads. In both cases, there is a comfortable operating range, so for tread it lies in the range of 200 - 400 mm, and for the riser 150 - 200 mm;

• But it is equally important to maintain the correct ratio between the selected values. There are also a couple of formulas to calculate this ratio. I prefer A + B = 470 mm (“A” is the height of the riser, “B” is the size of the tread). In addition to it, there is another formula 2A + B = 640 mm, to be precise, it is not exactly 640 mm, but from 600 mm to 640 mm;
• The minimum width of a stationary home span starts from about 800 mm;
• Once you have calculated the tread and riser dimensions that are right for you, you can already calculate the number of steps (span height divided by riser height) and the horizontal distance from the beginning to the end of the span (number of steps times the size of the tread);

With a ceiling height of more than 2.5 m, the horizontal distance (on the floor) from the beginning to the end of the march starts from about 5 m. For small spaces, it makes sense to build a turntable with a turn of 90º or 180º.

• Now we just need to know the most important thing. What will be the size of the future kosour from a profile pipe. This is where the Pythagorean theorem comes in handy. For those who have forgotten a little, I remind you that the square of the hypotenuse should be equal to the sum of the squares of the legs (a² + b² \u003d c²). We have two legs, this is the height of the march and the horizontal size, it remains only to calculate the hypotenuse, which in fact is our kosour from the profile pipe;
• There is another point that must be taken into account when calculating this is the angle of inclination of the march. So, according to SNiP, for stairs in residential premises this angle ranges from 23º to 37º. If less, then this is already a ramp, and if more, then you will get tired of climbing such steps.

So that you fool yourself less with all the calculations, in the table below I have collected the most running parameters of direct marching structures:

Step dimensions		Angular inclination of the march (given in degreesº)
Step width	Riser height
400 mm	100 mm	14
380 mm	110 mm	16
360 mm	120 mm	18
340 mm	130 mm	21
320 mm	140 mm	23
300 mm	150 mm	26
280 mm	160 mm	29
260 mm	170 mm	33
240 mm	180 mm	37
220 mm	190 mm	40
200 mm	200 mm	45

When calculating, it is extremely rare to get integer, convenient numbers. So, it is better to round the data up, so it will be easier for you to work in practice.
And the error that remains is compensated by the height of the first step. Believe me, if it is a little smaller, no one will even notice.

Calculation of a spiral staircase

The choice in favor of a spiral staircase is most often made due to the lack of space, although in some cases this decision was caused by the original idea of ​​the designer. The price of such work for professionals is an order of magnitude higher, so it makes sense to calculate and assemble the supporting frame of the stairs from the profile pipe with your own hands. Moreover, it is not much more difficult than working with a direct march.

As in any business, there are 2 ways, for the lazy and for the persistent. If you do not want to mess with the calculations, then you can use the calculator for calculating spiral staircases, of which there are now enough on the network. And for the persistent, I'll tell you how it's done manually.

First, let's deal with the parameters and notation. By the way, the same notation is used in most electronic calculators.

• "H" is the vertical height of the structure. That is, the height of the ceiling, plus the interfloor overlap;
• "H¹" - interturn distance. This should be understood as the distance from the step on which you stand to the step above you. Naturally, this parameter should not be less than the average human height, about 185 cm;
• "h" - the height of the tread, this is what we called the riser in the marching stairs;
• "h¹" - the size of the tread or the depth of the step, as you like;
• "R" - outer radius along the edge;
• "R¹" - working radius or the one along which a person will climb the stairs;
• "r" is the radius of the central support.

• Along the line of the working radius, the depth of the tread should be in a range that is comfortable for a person, it is the same as in the case of linear marches of 200 - 400 mm;
• The width of the tread next to the central support must be at least 100 mm;
• The minimum span width is 1m, but if you are not going to make a railing, then this value increases to at least one and a half meters;
• In spiral staircases, the risers are usually left open, which is much more convenient. Compared to mid-flight structures, a slightly larger variation in the riser height of 120 - 220 mm is allowed here.

As in the case of marching structures, you need to start with a preliminary measurement. This includes the outside radius of the structure, the height of the stairs, and where you plan your entry and exit points, this is called the twist angle of the structure. After that, you can start the calculations.

For example, I took fictitious values, you will naturally substitute your own. Let the outer radius "R" = 1000 mm, the height of the structure "H" = 3000 mm, the angle of twist ω = 360º, that is, the inlet and outlet are located one above the other.

With this data, we can find the working length of the march "L", that is, the size of the stairs along the working radius line. It is believed that the working radius is about 2/3 of the maximum. Starting formula L=2πR¹.

Now let's find out the number of steps:

• Let the size of the tread “h¹” be 250 mm, the basic formula is n=L/h¹;
• Therefore, 4190/250=16.79. The number of steps cannot be fractional, so we round up to 17, in addition, the upper step coincides with the floor level, as a result we get 16 clean steps.

If we take the size of the tread at the central post as a minimum (100 mm), then we can fully calculate the dimensions of the entire tread, only for this we still need to know the length of the structure along the outer radius “Lext”.

Lext \u003d 2πR \u003d (2 * 3.14 * 1000) \u003d 6280 mm. Now we substitute everything in the starting formula.

h¹ = (7536/17) =369 mm

The height of the riser here is calculated in the same way as in the march span. The total height "H" is divided by the number of steps "n", so we get:

h \u003d (H / n) \u003d (3000/17) \u003d 176 mm.

Correction of the ratio of steps is also permissible here and is done according to the same formula as for a linear march, only the designations change slightly.

2h + h¹ = 600 … 650 mm. After correction, we get a riser height of 190 mm.

But that's not all. We still need to calculate the dimensions of the top exit area. As you remember, we have a twisting angle of 360º, the height of the riser in our case is 190 mm, the total height is 3000 mm.

In other words, having risen 4 steps, we will lose a height of 760 mm. If we take into account the thickness of the floor, then we have about 2m left in stock. Therefore, the width of the top platform should not exceed the width of 4 treads, otherwise tall people will cling to their heads.

Both when designing linear marches and when calculating a spiral staircase, try to ensure that the number of steps is always odd. The fact is that it is subconsciously more convenient for a person to start and end a movement with one foot.

Assembly of structures

If you cope with the calculations and drawing up a sketch, it will not be difficult for you to mark the pipes for the future staircase. Therefore, we will go straight to the question of how to weld a ladder from a profile pipe.

Theoretically, of course, such a structure can be assembled on studs and bolts, but, apart from the complications in the calculations, it will take at least 3 times more time and effort to assemble this ladder.
Plus, this option is not considered absolutely reliable, since the bolts tend to unwind during operation. Therefore, I do not advise you to contact such models.

We collect the march span

Linear mid-flight structures can be of two types: a ladder based on a powerful flat profile pipe and a variety of structures with broken stringers.

It is much easier to design and cook the first option with a solid, straight pipe and it takes much less time, but the price of such a structure is slightly higher. This is due to the fact that as a base you will have to buy a square profile with a minimum section of 100x100 mm, although I advise you to take from 150x150 mm. Such stairs are much more reliable and look better.

In addition, the platforms on which the treads will be attached should not be more than half of these same treads. Consequently, it will be necessary to weld additional metal sheets with a thickness of 3–4 mm, and such an amount of thick high-quality metal inevitably leads to an increase in the cost of the project.

As you understand, horizontal treads will need to be fixed somehow on a flat inclined pipe. Therefore, it is necessary to weld platforms. You can do them in two ways.

1. After we have calculated the angle of inclination of the pipe and marked the places of attachment of the steps, to the base, pre-cut metal sheets are horizontally welded across the entire width of the profile pipe, wooden treads will subsequently be screwed onto them. But of course, one horizontal seam cannot withstand such a load, so supports will have to be welded between the sheet and the pipe. These can be metal plates, pieces of reinforcement or shaped pipes of a smaller section. As you can see, nothing complicated, but to be honest, this option does not look very nice;
2. I like the second option more, it is simpler and looks more aesthetically pleasing.. The supports for the platforms here are cut from the base profile pipe and the sheets under the treads are already welded onto them. To do this, mark a cut on it at a calculated angle, take a grinder and. From the side, such a cut will look like a triangle, and from the front side it has the shape of the letter "P". Further along our cut, we weld this support to the base pipe. The diagram shows both options.

Since the entire structure will actually be based on one pipe, the weight there is serious and there will be a colossal point pressure at the junction of the profile pipe with the floor.

In order to evenly distribute it over a larger area and insure against lateral tipping of the stairs, it is necessary to weld metal plates with a thickness of 5 mm or more to the base of the pipe and the fixing point to the interfloor overlap. The dimensions of such plates should be slightly larger than the area of ​​the step.

Now let's consider the assembly of the stairs based on the broken version of the stringer. In addition to cost, such designs are good for their low weight. After all, they use pipes of a much smaller cross section.

It is believed that the optimal size is 40x60 mm. More is possible, less is not desirable.

Here, as in the case of a direct kosour, you can cook in two ways:

1. According to the first method, the profile pipe is cut into separate sectors corresponding to the dimensions of the treads and risers, plus a margin for the pipe thickness. After that, all these pieces are welded together into a finished kosour. Theoretically, it sounds simple, but in practice there is too much welding work and it’s not a fact that you will be able to weld everything smoothly everywhere;
2. According to the second option, everything turns out much more elegant and faster.. The point is to cut out sectors in the form of isosceles triangles from a straight pipe with a grinder, while only one wall remains intact. After that, we bend the pipe and scald the connection. How it looks, I depicted in the diagram.

As for the plates for the anchor points, for a profile pipe with a section of 40x60 mm, it is enough to weld squares of approximately 200x200 mm and fix them on 4 anchors. Although if possible, of course, it is better to connect two or more broken stringers on a single monolithic plate.

Assembling the screw structure

Installation here begins with the installation of a central supporting round and preferably thick-walled pipe. The load on it will be serious and here the savings can go sideways. As I said, the pipe section starts from 100 mm, this is the minimum width of the tread at the base.

Naturally, the pipe itself from below should be based on a thick, reliable platform. If you are installing a ladder at the construction stage, then in order not to spend money on an expensive thick iron sheet, you can weld a crosspiece from the same profile pipes from below. Then wall it all up in a screed.

The supports themselves under the treads can be made of two types. Both in terms of bearing capacity and in terms of aesthetic characteristics, they have little to do with it. It all depends on what section of the profile pipe was at hand:

1. If your tube is thin 20x20 mm or 30x30 mm, then it is better to weld the frame along the perimeter of the tread, in a closed loop. In order not to measure each arc separately, you should immediately make a pattern from wooden bars stuffed onto a chipboard sheet. With such a device, you will only have to insert the cut tubes into your pattern and “grab” them by welding;

1. Less hassle with the second option. But it uses profile pipes with a minimum cross section of 40x60 mm. There is no need to build any patterns here. Just cut pipe sections along the working radius of the stairs. In the outer end, in the form of the letter "T", weld a piece of the same tube, a little less than the width of the tread, and at the end weld this entire structure to the carrier pipe.

Both in the first and in the second case, one fixation point on the support is not enough for a step. Therefore, I recommend welding an additional support under the step frame. There is no guarantee that you will be able to weld everything firmly and with high quality, and with a support, the reliability of the step increases significantly.

Finishing work

Most often, the frame of the stairs from the profile pipe is lined with natural wood. According to my observations, it is much cheaper, more beautiful and more reliable.

When choosing a board for tread, the most important thing is strength, so its thickness should be at least 40 mm. The thickness of the cladding for the risers and the side string, if required, does not matter much, since these parts of the stairs carry only an aesthetic load.

Do not forget that you are dealing with metal, and, as you know, it can rust. I don't think you're going to spend a fortune on a homemade stainless steel ladder. Therefore, after assembly, you first need to clean it with a file or better grinder all welds. After that, degrease or prime the structure and at the end apply 2 - 3 layers of good paint.

Many advise applying powder coating to the metal. So, such things as powder coating or nickel plating of metal can be done exclusively in the factory on professional equipment. At home, you can only paint or varnish the stairs.

Conclusion

For self-manufacturing the frame of the stairs from the profile pipe fits perfectly. It's much easier than building ladders out of wood, plus durability metal structure much higher. In the photo and video in this article, additional material for the manufacture of stairs. If your question remains unanswered or you have something to add, write in the comments, we'll talk.

July 22, 2016

If you want to express gratitude, add clarification or objection, ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

Made of a profile steel pipe, this is a fairly popular design, as it has many advantages. As a rule, experienced craftsmen are engaged in its construction, since it should turn out to be absolutely safe from all points of view. That is, to be able to calmly withstand any possible load from the movement of people and goods, and convenient for the ascent and descent of all those living in the house, including children and family members who have reached a respectable age.

And can a ladder be mounted from a profile pipe with your own hands? The question is ambiguous, since its construction still requires very high specific skills. Of course, it would be more correct to entrust the installation to specialists. But if the owner of the house has basic engineering knowledge, has a successful experience with all the tools necessary in this case, and is used to always relying on own strength, then additional information about this type of stairs and about the installation work will not be superfluous for him.

Advantages of stair designs from a profile pipe

A ladder, independently made of profile pipes, has a number of significant advantages over both wooden and finished metal structures that can be found on sale. These advantages include the following:

• The opportunity to significantly save funds allocated from the family budget for construction or repair.
• Properly manufactured and assembled staircase design will last a very long time, without the need for repairs and restoration.
• This material allows with equal success to produce almost any type of stairs, even those with the most intricate design.
• Profile steel pipe mixes well with other materials technical and operational characteristics, and in their ability to "fit" into any interior style.
• It can be attributed to the advantages of the speed of manufacturing parts and their installation. But this advantage of metal structures will be valid only if the master is fluent in tools, and his work will be carried out according to pre-designed drawings with exact dimensions.
• The erection of a staircase from a profile pipe can be carried out at any stage of the construction process, including in an already built house.
• The metal structure, with appropriate processing and finishing, is suitable for installation both outside the building and inside it. Its strength qualities, neat and aesthetic appearance give it versatility.

• The high strength of profiled steel makes it possible to manufacture a simplified version of the frame, in which one profile pipe, installed along the central line of the structure, acts as a support for the steps.

Varieties of stairs from a profile pipe

As mentioned above, almost any staircase design can be made from a profile pipe. To verify the correctness of this statement, it makes sense to consider some of them in more detail.

Profile pipe prices

profile pipe

marching stairs

A marching staircase may consist of one or more spans, which, in turn, are connected to each other either by a horizontally installed transition platform, or by a section with winder steps. Both options are approximately equally popular, and the design is selected depending on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room in which it is planned to install the staircase.

• A staircase, consisting of one march, is most often installed in a spacious room. If it has to be used in a smaller room, then in this case it is necessary to set a large slope angle for it. So sometimes you have to do it when equipping stairways to the attic or basement.

Single flight structure installed inside two-story house, allows you to rationally use all the space under the stairs. For example, under it you can place a closet or a small pantry, and sometimes even a small bathroom is placed.

Another area where single-flight stairs are used is the entrance to the house from the side of the street, if the building is erected on a high plinth. As a rule, in this case, the march has a small height and a slight angle of inclination.

• A double-flight staircase is often mounted in a room designed specifically for this design - the so-called stairwell. However, this option is quite possible in residential premises - it all depends on the area that can be allocated for the installation of an interfloor transition.

To save space as much as possible, such stairs are often installed along walls converging in the corner, that is, marches are made perpendicular each other. This option also allows you to equip a small storage room under the stairs.

In the design of stairs with two or more marches, which are of great length, platforms are most often mounted on turns, which, among other things, give the frame higher strength than winder steps.

Many homeowners prefer to design transition platforms for stairs with small spans. It should be noted that this option is really more convenient than winders, which have different widths along their length. So, the side of the step, fixed to the wall, is much wider than the opposite, located at the center of the turn. In this regard, there is a very high risk of stumbling and getting injured.

Prices for wooden stairs

wooden staircase

We can agree that a staircase with winder steps often looks more original, and even more compact. But, as mentioned above, this design option is less safe to operate, compared with stairs with similar basic parameters, but the spans of which are connected by platforms. This is especially important to consider in cases where elderly people or small children live in the house.

Of course, it also happens that the area allotted for the design of the stairs, by no means, does not allow to equip the platform between the spans. It is in this case that instead of it, a section with winder steps is installed.

If for a number of reasons it is necessary to build a staircase with winder steps, then you will have to carefully calculate its parameters, since the design must fully comply with the existing rules for the safety of movement along it. Detailed information on how to create a project and make the necessary calculations for subsequent installation is offered in the article of our portal.

Spiral staircase

A spiral staircase can be called the most compact design, as it occupies a minimum of usable space. Such an interfloor transition “fit on a patch” with dimensions of only 1500 × 1500 mm.

The spiral staircase looks, of course, original and aesthetically pleasing, but such compact design has quite a few shortcomings.

The first of them can be called something that raises a massive piece of furniture along it to the second floor or household appliances it will be almost impossible, since this design is not very convenient to climb even empty-handed. mounted in case of emergency, that is, if it is impossible to build another structure due to the small area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house. True, this is also practiced - a similar design is created as an additional, carrying more decorative functions, and for lifting bulky goods in the house there is also a marching staircase.

If the area of ​​​​the room allows and there is a desire to install an aesthetic version of the staircase in the likeness of a spiral staircase, then it is better to choose a rotary structure similar to it. Having erected it, you do not have to mount an additional straight staircase, since according to such a design, with a pronounced turning radius and a large march width, it is quite possible to raise any furniture to the second floor.

Prices for metal stairs

metal staircase

V turntable all steps have the same size, so there will be no inconvenience both during descent andrise to the second floor. However, this design is rather complicated both in calculations and in installation. Therefore, its construction or at least the development of the project is best entrusted to experienced professionals.

stepladder

A profile pipe can also be perfect for making a step-ladder, which is often necessary in the daily life of a private house. In order to mount such a mobile ladder, you will need a profile pipe with a section size of 40 × 40 or 50 × 50 mm for support posts, and 20 × 20 mm for rung-steps.

In addition to the profile pipe, you will need a special hinge mechanism. It is clear that a specific type is selected based on the cross-sectional dimensions of the profile pipe, since the hinge is put on the racks, and then attached to them with self-tapping screws or bolts.

The hinges on the mounting areas have special holes through which they will be fixed on metal racks. In addition, a stopper is provided in the design of the hinge, which is designed to fix the ladder racks in the required position.

If it is planned to make such a structure on your own, it is necessary to fix tips or horizontal jumpers-stops on the underside of the racks, which will make the operation of the ladder safe.

Naturally, for the manufacture of any metal structure, special tools and the ability to work with them will be required. A pre-drawn drawing of a ladder is also needed, according to which it will be much easier to produce installation work. As an example or “starting point”, one of the options is shown in the illustration above.

Varieties of frames from a profile pipe

It is impossible to ignore the question of what kind of frames for flights of stairs made of a profile pipe can be. The material, it seems, is the same everywhere, but the principles of the structure of the structure have significant differences.

Prices for stairs

• The most economical option for using a profile pipe in the manufacture of stairs is a frame on a central stringer. This option can be made in two versions - it is a broken stringer, repeating the shape of the steps, or a straight line, made of a profile pipe that is integral along the entire length of the march.

A broken kosour is more difficult to manufacture, as it is assembled from separate pipe sections cut at the right angle, which are interconnected into a common part by welding. Then, on each of the horizontal surfaces of the stringer is welded the so-called "sole"(mounting pad), made of sheet metal 3÷4 mm thick. On this "sole" the tread boards will be fixed. To fix them, four to six holes are pre-drilled in metal plates. Through them, self-tapping screws will be screwed into the wood. For this design, a profile pipe with a section size of 80 × 60 mm may well be suitable.

• The second version of the central stringer is made from a single pipe, usually with a cross section of 100 × 50 mm, which is cut only at the ends, at a certain angle. Then, plates or peculiar legs are welded to the end parts of the pipe forming the span, with the help of which the stringer will be fixed to the ceiling and to the floor.

Marking is made on the stringer pipe, along which the stands for the installation of steps will be welded. Stands consist of a leg, also from a section of a profile pipe, with cut at the right angle(depending on the steepness of the flight of stairs) ends, on which “soles” are welded with holes for fixing tread boards on them.

• For massive stairs, a more reliable version of metal structures is usually chosen, consisting of straight stringers, on which frames for steps are welded. For their basis, a pipe 80 × 60 or 100 × 50 mm is used, and for the manufacture of a frame under steps - profile 25×25 mm or even a corner with shelves of the same size, which gives some savings in metal costs. In the lower and upper parts of the frame, stands cut from a metal sheet are fixed by welding.

• A more complex version of a ladder made of a profile pipe is a broken structure consisting of two stringers, in some cases fastened together with jumpers.

How frame structures of this type are manufactured and assembled will be discussed in detail in the instruction table below.

Calculations the main parameters of the stairs from the profile pipe

Starting to talk about calculations, it is necessary to immediately say how to correctly determine the choice of a profile pipe according to its dimensions. The first thing to remember is that for a standard small home staircase on two stringers, you should not choose a pipe with too thick or thin walls. Too thick metal will make the structure excessively heavy, and a thin profile unreliable.

To correctly determine this parameter, you can refer to the data presented in this table. In this case, the length of the march is calculated between the points of support. That is, it is possible to provide reinforcement elements - racks that abut against the floor surface and stringers, in order to make the free span shorter, if necessary.

Table of maximum loads on flights of stairs, depending on their length and parameters of the profile pipe:

Ladder run length in mm	1000	2000	3000	4000	5000	6000
Pipe section size and metal thickness mm
50×25×2	684	167	69	34	16	6
60×40×2	1255	308	130	66	35	17
80×40×2	1911	471	202	105	58	31
80×40×3	2672	658	281	146	81	43
80×60×3	3583	884	380	199	112	62
100×50×4	5489	1357	585	309	176	101

However, the dimensions of the pipe should already be selected after the staircase design is selected and its basic parameters are determined, calculations are made and a drawing is drawn up.

So, for the manufacture of stairs, you need to decide on the following parameters:

• The number of marches in the design.
• The height of the stairs or each of the marches, and slope angle, which must be the same throughout the stairs, regardless of the number of flights.
• The design of the connection of two marches - a platform or winder steps.
• Number, width and height of steps.
• The perimeter of the stairwell in the ceiling.
• Based on the calculated dimensions and the drawn up drawing - the amount of material required for the installation of the structure.

In each specific case, all these parameters may be different, since both the area of ​​​​the premises allocated for the stairs and the height of the ceilings differ, so measurements are always made individually.

The dimensions of the ceiling opening will depend on the angle of inclination of the upper flight of the structure. And such an opening should begin in the place where the distance from the ceiling to the stairs will be 2000 mm, that is, a little more than the height of a tall person.

The slope angle of the flight of stairs depends on the height of the rise (and this is the height of the flow plus the thickness of the ceiling) and the area that can be allotted for construction, that is, on the length of the horizontal projection of the march on the floor plane. If the dimensions of the room do not allow one march to be accommodated (and this happens quite often), it is divided into two or even more. In this case, the calculation will already be carried out for each march separately, but subject to the obligatory conditions - the angle of steepness and the dimensions of the steps are maintained throughout the entire staircase.

Well, knowing these values, it is easy to determine the length of the span itself.

Below are two calculators that should help you determine these values.

Metal stairs are widely used not only in private use, but also in industrial and commercial facilities.

The use of a profile pipe in such cases makes it possible to facilitate the design while maintaining strength indicators relative to similar products from a channel.

Varieties of frames from a profile pipe

Consider options for how to make a ladder from a profile pipe. The construct type in all cases is . can be absolutely anything: straight, rotary or screw. It depends on your home project and interior design.

Possible frames from a profile pipe:

Advantages of ladders from a profile pipe

Any design, no matter what material it is made of, has its pros and cons.

Advantages of frames from a profile pipe:

• reliability and long service life;
• the possibility of implementing a structure of any shape, with a certain skill;
• the possibility of combining with other materials, which makes it possible to fit such a frame into any interior;
• due to the high resistance to mechanical stress, it is possible to install a staircase at the initial stage of construction without worrying about its appearance; upon completion of construction, if necessary, you can re-paint;
• such a staircase can be installed both indoors for access to the second floor, and outdoors.

The main disadvantage of any metal structure is the possible corrosion, the impact of which can be minimized or eliminated with proper preparation and product processing.

What type of profiled pipe to choose for stairs

The definition and selection of a profile pipe for a future design is an important stage, on which it will depend on how reliable the frame will turn out.

For stairs, a square or rectangular pipe is used.

Below we have given you the dimensions of the pipes for various frames, which will be sufficient for standard loads on the structure.

frame type	Minimum section of used pipes and wall thickness, mm
Rectilinear kosour: one central or double	100x50x4
Broken: single or double	80x60x3
Ladder	Guides 40x40x3, for steps 20x20x3
	guides - 80x40x3, steps - 50x25x2

Ladder profile installation

It is possible to make any frame with your own hands, it all depends on your skills.

If you are not confident in your abilities, refuse to implement a complex screw or swivel design of course not worth it. In this case, we advise you to contact professionals who will help you with the installation and welding of stairs from a profile pipe.

Required tools:

• grinder with cutting discs for metal;
• drill with drills;
• welding machine;
• screwdriver

Drawing preparation and calculation features

In order to clearly understand how to weld a ladder from a profile pipe, it is necessary to prepare a drawing and make all calculations in terms of dimensions.

At the design stage, the following are determined:

• for comfortable movement;
• march;
• construction type: screw, straight, L-shaped, U-shaped.

Defining these parameters will help visualize and understand how it will look finished construction in your interior. Depending on the chosen type of stairs, you can equip according to your needs.

Frame preparation welding work

Starting the installation of a ladder from a profile pipe with your own hands, you should already have all the drawings according to which you will work.

Consider a simplified version of welding a broken stringer.

The secret is that there is no need to cut the pipe into small pieces, but you can make a step at a time:

• we measure the place where there should be a right angle, and cut out an isosceles triangle so as not to damage one side of the profile pipe;
• we bend the pipe and get a step with a right angle;
• we boil the resulting joint and move on to the next one;
• having received a broken kosour, we weld a metal plate on each tread, on which steps will be installed in the future.

Unlike ancient times, when any hardware were made only by forging, now welding is actively used to connect individual components, such as angles, channels and profiled pipes. About how to weld a ladder from a profile pipe, as well as what varieties of these products can be, will tell in this material.

Of course, you should not discount professional blacksmiths, whose work is of high quality and aesthetic beauty. However, these products are rather piece, and they are quite expensive. But almost everyone can create a staircase from a professional pipe, if only he knows how to handle a welding machine and has prepared all the necessary materials.

Appearance of the stairs

Since profile products are becoming more and more popular, you can find any modifications of stairs from a profile pipe on the net. Even rather bold decisions in the form of glass structures without railings or a “duck step”, that is, an almost vertical flight of stairs with a step width for one foot, were not ignored. However, the easiest way for novice builders is to make a marching staircase from a professional pipe with their own hands, which is most popular among homeowners.

In order to choose the right parameters for this design, you can make drawings of stairs from a profile pipe with your own hands, taking one of the most suitable projects as a basis and adapting it to specific dimensions.

A march is a structure that is located between the turntables. There are direct, two- and multi-march structures. If we are talking about a spiral staircase, then all the steps in it are located around the same axis. They are used for lifting inside the building - between floors or up to front door, as well as for crossing uneven terrain.

The most durable and reliable are stationary ladders made of square pipes. However, if necessary, you can use folding portable products.

For the assembly of a flight of stairs, the following materials are used:

• metal elements- corners, welded parts, profile pipes;
• wood;
• reinforced concrete;
• composite materials.

There may be several ways to install parts for a flight of stairs, however, welding of metal structures is considered the most reliable.

Fastening the steps of the stairs can be:

• on the pains;
• on stringers;
• on a string.

The set of materials that will be needed to build a staircase from a profile pipe with your own hands will depend on the method of fastening the steps. To make it easier to choose the type of construction for a particular room or area, you can view a number of photographs.

Some experienced craftsmen recommend making only stringers or the base of the structure from a profile pipe, and using materials with a lower mass for steps. best choice for the base of the stairs there will be a profile with dimensions of 60 × 40 mm.

It should be noted that profile structures have a number of undoubted advantages:

1. Good resistance to mold and corrosion, making them suitable for areas with constant temperature fluctuations and no heating.
2. A ladder made of a profile pipe can last for quite a long time, and if it is disassembled, the metal can be sold or sold as scrap if it is not needed.
3. The assembly and installation of a metal modular or welded frame is done quickly and easily.
4. Since the appearance of the stairs from the profile is rather concise, it will not be difficult to combine it with the existing interior in the room.
5. Profile pipes will be quite affordable for most buyers, so the cost of the project will be low. Yes, it is easier for many to work with metal than with wood.
6. The metal frame made of profiles is superior in strength to any other similar structures.
7. The term for installing a staircase to the second floor from a profile pipe is much less than when working with wood, unless, of course, you have a welding machine and the skills to work with it.
8. It is also important that due to the presence of a metal base, in such a ladder you can combine the most various materials- glass, marble, tiles and even plastic.

Please note that if it is intended to assemble a lightweight structure, then it is better to choose a profile with thin walls. It is optimal to use a pipe with a diameter of 5-7.4 mm, which will be strong enough and withstand vibration from the load.

Structural elements

While using the stairs, a person stands on the steps, the width of which can reach the full width of the foot, or reach the heel of the shoe.

In order for the structure to hold, stringers are used - side planks with cut sections, on which steps are placed. In addition, bolts can be used to connect the treads and fix the entire structure. Bowstrings are called end and lower beams that support steps. The vertical sections of the stairs that support the steps are called risers. They are needed to strengthen the entire structure.

As a rule, one flight of stairs in a structure made of a profile pipe has 18-20 steps laid on stringers. It is installed along the walls and the corner, or suspended between two floors, and it consists of two mid-flight spans. Often the number of steps is made odd in order to start and end the ascent to each next march with the same foot. This rule is used both in small cottages and in large office buildings.

Before starting to weld the stairs from the profile pipe, all identical metal elements are laid in pairs, and treads and risers are attached on top. The steps themselves can be made of lightweight materials placed in a metal frame, for example, they can be made of laminate or wood.

The standard calculation of a ladder from a profile pipe looks like this:

• the gap between adjacent steps (riser height) should be about 14-22 cm;
• the angle of inclination of the flight of stairs is made at 30-40º, which is equal to the ratio of 1:2 or 1:2.5 length to height;
• the width of the steps is 20-30 cm, and if a small slope angle is chosen, then it is slightly wider than the stop.

The order of work and procurement of materials

The design of internal and attached stairs is completely different, and the simplest one is considered to be single-flight on the stringers for the porch. The most difficult is the metal spiral staircase.

The sequence of work on assembling a frame from a profile for a single-flight staircase is as follows:

• design and drawing up a drawing;
• carrying out markup;
• dividing the profile into segments of the desired length;
• assembly of the main frame for the installation of steps;
• welding of risers and steps;
• installation of the structure in place and pouring concrete on the site;
• railing installation;
• laying wood in frames for steps;
• final decoration.

There are several ways to assemble a frame for a ladder from a profile. It can be made from paired shaped pipes or steel stringers, or you can use a channel in which the steps will be welded on top of the base or inside the frame.

If we are talking about the design of an internal staircase with wooden steps, then the march is fixed first at the top point, and only then it is fixed at the bottom. In this case, the ladder is fixed to the anchors in the walls and the platform, which serves as the first step.

Note that do not forget about the control of the horizontal position of the steps. When all the main work is completed, you can start welding the railing.

The process of assembling a spiral staircase from pipes and profiles

A spiral staircase is preferred to be installed in order to save space. To create it, you need the main support pipe and blanks from the profile for the steps. For work, two pipes will be required, one of them with a smaller diameter will become a reference, and the other with a slightly larger cross section will be cut into blanks of 20-22 cm. The same sections of the profile for the steps will be welded to these sleeves. The resulting blanks will be stacked on top of each other and fanned out until they fill the entire height of the stairs.

The railing for a spiral staircase must be spiral. The base and console are made of steel profile, they are welded together. Please note that the sleeves sit tightly and do not hang out - backlashes can be compensated for by o-rings. The assembled frame will need to be welded and coated with a primer layer.

For railings, it is better to use elegant airy metal structures, and handrails can be made of plastic or wood.

You can fix the spiral staircase in two places between floors or to the wall using brackets. However, there are other methods of fixation. For decoration metal stairs it is better to use special paint - the most relevant colors are black, brown, metallic.

Any installed staircase must be not only beautiful in appearance, but also safe for users. Therefore, if you are not confident in your abilities, then it is better to entrust the assembly and design of such products to specialists.