Drilling machines are special devices that are used when working with wood, metals, plastic, etc. With their help, you can perform a large number of functions that would take a lot of time to complete using improvised tools. The design of the machine is not difficult, as well as the assembly, so it is quite possible to assemble it yourself. In addition, such a home-made device in many cases differs little from standard factory models.
General information
A drilling machine is most often used for drilling parts. He carries out his work using the power of an electric motor, which, rotating its shaft, transfers forces to the main rotational element of the unit or spindle. Attached to the latter:
- adapters;
- drill;
- cartridges;
- bushings.
In fact, such a machine is a mechanism fixed in a stable position, designed for drilling various parts for quite a long time.
A person working on such a unit only needs to substitute the parts in a timely manner, adjust their position and control the operation of the machine. This is much more convenient than if you had to work manually. In addition, as a result of manual drilling, it is impossible to achieve high accuracy. The point is that a person need to get the right angle application of effort. An error of a few degrees can be fatal. And not everyone is able to withstand work at such a pace.
It is a completely different matter when a drilling machine is used for work. In this case it is only necessary to fix the part in a vice and then start the machine. All subsequent actions will not take much time and effort.
Design features of the machine
In order to easily cope with the work, it is necessary to understand what the unit consists of together with its components.
An ordinary drilling machine consists of the following parts:
- bed;
- holders for the working mechanism;
- additional elements (nuts, drills, cartridges, bushings);
- vise;
- handles for rotating mechanisms, force transmitters, etc.;
- main frame guides;
- working mechanism;
- shock absorber;
- power unit.
The design itself is nothing complicated. A bed is attached as a base. If we consider a desktop sample (and home-made machines are most often desktop), then the bed in this case will be used both as a mount for fixtures such as a vice, and as a stabilizing factor, and also as a base. The main frame is attached to the bed, on which the entire mechanism will be held. The holder, shock absorber and additional elements are connected to the frame. In the case of an adjustable shock absorber, a handle is connected to it.
To the main frame attach the engine, to which the spindle and adapters are then brought. The power supply is available only in such models, in which the engine is installed separately, and it is not able to take on the loads coming from the household network.
Selection of necessary elements
Gather homemade unit from improvised means, so the choice of structural details should be given special attention.
First of all, you need to choose the material for the bed. It should only be metal. A heavy plate may be suitable, in which the holes necessary for future vise and clamping bars are drilled. The best thing purchase a mobile or remove the old frame from a used desktop machine.
The main stabilizing rail is made from a corner or channel, at least 3 mm thick. This part does not give vibrations and backlash and is able to withstand loads. The holder for the working mechanism is also made of steel. In this case, the choice depends on the engine to be used.
The main point in such a do-it-yourself machine scheme is that to assemble the unit, parts from the steering rack of the car are used because it is compact and has unique features.
During rotation steering rack raises and lowers the mechanism that is attached to it. Such manipulations should be carried out very carefully, up to one millimeter. Many steering racks have the ability to reduce or increase tension, resulting in the ability to fine-tune operation.
Handles are best removed from finished machines, but they can be made by hand. In the same way, you can use production bushings and cartridges, because they are quite easy to get.
Selection of a working mechanism
This element in a do-it-yourself drilling machine is not only traditional, but also greatly simplified. In this case we are talking about replacing the power supply and the engine with a finished drill or unit, which is used for drilling metal, concrete, etc. Such portable tools have almost the same dimensions as an ordinary drill. However, they are so powerful that they can drill through metal without serious resistance.
The drill should be attached with a small number of brackets, having previously fixed it in the desired position. It must be perpendicular to the base of the unit.
The use of a drill in the scheme of the machine from the steering rack is considered preferable. At the same time, it will take much less time to assemble the unit. You can also install induction motor from any electrical device. In this case, the assembly takes much longer. But the technology will remain the same.
Making a machine from a steering rack with your own hands
The technology for assembling a drilling machine with your own hands from a steering rack includes the following steps:
Thus, there is nothing difficult in making a drilling machine from a steering rack with your own hands. Enough greatly simplifies the process due to the fact that they are already using turnkey solutions such as steering wheel and drill. You just need to assemble everything and make sure that the assembly of the unit is done correctly.
If you have the necessary list of tools and fixtures in your home, you can do a whole lot of necessary technological operations. However, often buying a factory copy is extremely illogical.
One of the realistic options is a do-it-yourself steering rack drilling machine. Thus, you will be able not only to save financial assets, but also learn how to perform the right equipment for specific needs.
List of tools:
- Kit wrenches;
- Welding machine;
- Bulgarian for metal;
- Grinder (to eliminate metal burrs);
- Hammer.
Features and nuances of manufacturing
The main task correct selection of components. For analysis the best way manufacturing this machine, it is necessary to know the advantages and disadvantages of factory copies in order to avoid them if possible in the process of manufacturing your own equipment.
One of the biggest shortcomings in the work of "conveyor" drilling machines is a huge backlash. Because of this reason, it is not possible to make a hole with a diameter of 4 millimeters or less.
This is due to the rather low weight of the entire installation, which is not able to compensate for the vibration that occurs during the working moments of the power unit. Carrying out the modernization of the machine may entail its incorrect operation, and, as a result, its quick breakdown.
To design a drilling unit, you need to think about the following points:
- A mechanism for changing the position of the working components of the machine. An alternative solution is to use the steering rack in the design. Also, this component will be very useful if there is a need to exert a strong clamping force on the processed semi-finished product at the time of processing.
- Support table and fastening stand working installation. Main characteristic when choosing components for the manufacture of these parts, strength and a fairly impressive weight are important. It is best to use U-shaped channels. Under the base, steel sheet rolling is most often used.
- Power unit. For the design of drilling equipment with my own hands often the choice falls on electric drills. As an alternative, a system consisting of several pulleys and an electric motor can be considered.
Steering rack drilling machine: step by step instructions
From the very beginning of the design, it makes a choice regarding the most optimal type of steering rack. Further, depending on its dimensions, the technical documentation of all equipment will be assembled. The main thing that you need to pay special attention to is that this critical component is not chipped and has a large number of surface flaws.
The most used working surface in terms of dimensions is 300 × 400 mm. Thrust components are made of two pieces of rolled metal 40 × 65 × 40 mm. The base for mounting the steering column is also made using a channel.
In the case of using an electric drill as a power plant, it is necessary to make an L-like support.
Mounting the steering column to the support rack is done by hand, using the lugs that are required to complete the structure. To install the footboard under the electric power equipment, it is possible to make a reinforced mount due to electric arc welding. The choice of methods fully depends on the specific features of the design of each individual model.
Practical Tips on the design of a drilling machine using steering racks with your own hands:
1) The gearbox used is checked first. Unsuitable components must be replaced;
2) The height parameter of the rack must be 80 ... 100 mm larger than the steering rack;
3) The stroke of the stem must be taken into account. For example, for a VAZ-2105 car, this parameter is 210 mm;
4) To improve comfort during use, it is advised to complete the working equipment with a separate control unit.
The use of stepper mechanical units is impractical, because they do not have the necessary smooth running for this equipment.
For safety at the time of using this machine, the structure of the unit must be securely fixed to the work surface.
Video: do-it-yourself steering rack drilling machine.
- equipment that will not be superfluous in any home workshop. You can assemble such equipment with your own hands from an automobile steering rack. Using a similar machine with a simple design, you can drill holes in metal, plastic and wood products, and process them with a milling tool. It is also important that, in terms of its technical capabilities, a home-made machine is not much inferior to serial models.
Design features of a homemade drilling machine
The feasibility of making a drilling machine with your own hands lies in the fact that, due to the simplicity of the design, such a device can be made from improvised means that are in any home workshop or garage.
Quite often among homemade devices for a similar purpose, you can find a drilling machine from a steering rack. Before proceeding with the manufacture of such a machine with your own hands, it is important to figure out which structural elements consists of drilling equipment.
In the design of any drilling machine, one can distinguish such constituent elements as:
- bearing frame;
- guide along which the main frame moves;
- holder on which the working head is attached;
- the working head itself;
- a number of additional elements (cartridges, bushings, fasteners, etc.);
- shock-absorbing device designed to ensure the return of the working head to its original position;
- a device for fixing the workpiece on the surface of the desktop;
- power supply, if required by the parameters of the electric motor used;
- handles that transmit torque or force to the mechanisms of the machine.
In homemade drilling machines, the bed simultaneously performs several functions.
- This element is the base on which all other elements of the unit are mounted.
- Due to the massiveness of the frame, the structural elements of the machine are balanced, which is necessary to ensure its stability during the processing.
- The upper part of the base of the bed is used as a work table for equipment, on which clamping devices are located (most often).
- The working head of the machine, as mentioned above, is mounted on the main frame mounted on the bed.
So that the main frame with the working head of the machine can return to its original position, a shock absorber with a handle fixed on it is connected to it. Many home-made drilling machines use a spring shock absorber, however, we are considering a design in which the steering rack, which is included in the package of domestic VAZ cars, acts as a shock-absorbing element. The use of such a rail allows for a smoother running of the main frame and working head, as well as stable and accurate operation of the lifting mechanism.
electric motor homemade machine, which will be responsible for the rotation of the drill, is also attached to the main frame using a specially selected holder. Depending on which electric motor you will use to assemble your machine, a chuck for drills is selected for it and connected to the drive unit shaft with the help of adapters. If the motor you are installing on your machine is not rated for the standard voltage electrical network 220 V, then for it you will need to choose the appropriate power supply.
As a clamping device in which the workpiece will be fixed, you can use a vice, which is the most versatile and reliable fixture.
How to choose accessories
So that the drilling machine that you assemble with your own hands does not cause any problems during operation and suits you with its technical capabilities, you need to select the appropriate components for its assembly.
Since the frame is the supporting element of the equipment, special attention should be paid to the choice of materials for its manufacture. The easiest option is to make a bed with your own hands. A metal plate of sufficient thickness may be used for this to be able to stabilize the entire apparatus.
As a stand to which it will be attached lifting mechanism your homemade machine, you can use metal corner or channel. The dimensions of such an element should be selected in such a way that it can withstand all the loads that will arise during the processing. The selected rack is welded to the surface of the frame, and the resulting connection is further reinforced with stiffeners.
To the bottom surface of the sheet, which will act as a bed, you can weld the legs and provide for the possibility of attaching them to the workbench. It is also necessary to make holes in such a sheet, with the help of which a vice or clamping strips will be fixed on it.
The type of construction of the main frame and holder, as well as the material for their manufacture, is chosen depending on which electric motor or ready-made drive mechanism you will use to equip your drilling machine. When making this choice, it is important to take into account that these equipment nodes will experience serious loads during the processing of the part.
The convenience of using a steering rack from a car for manufacturing consists not only in the compactness of such a device, but also in its technical capabilities. The rotational movement of the handle in this mechanism is converted into a very precise translational movement of its rod, which is able to raise and lower the working head of the drilling machine, while maintaining all the loads that fall on it. It is convenient that the work of many models of steering racks can be adjusted. This allows you to optimally select their characteristics for your drilling equipment.
It is best to select control handles for the mechanisms of a drilling machine from serial equipment, but it will also not be difficult to make them yourself. Naturally, the chucks for fixing the tool, as well as all bushings and adapters, must also be only factory-made.
Drilling head for a homemade machine
When making a do-it-yourself drilling machine based on a car steering rack, you can choose one of two design options for the drilling head. The first option involves using a machine tool or a portable device for making holes in metal or concrete as a drilling head. Such a device is securely connected to the steering rack rod and is used as a full-fledged working equipment head.
The second design option for a homemade drilling head involves the use of any electric motor, the power of which suits you. Most often, working electric motors from old washing machines are used for these purposes.
It should be noted that making a machine on which you install a serial drill with your own hands is much easier and faster than using a separate electric motor as a drive device.
How to properly assemble equipment
You can get acquainted with the stages of assembling a home-made drilling machine based on a steering rack and a serial drill in a video that is easy to find on the Internet.
You can also act in accordance with the following simple instructions.
- First, a bed is made, to which legs are welded for reliable installation on a workbench.
- In the metal sheet, which serves as the upper part of the base of the bed, holes are made for attaching clamps.
- A carrier rack is welded to the base of the frame, which is additionally reinforced with stiffeners at the attachment point.
- The steering rack from the car is securely attached to the carrier rack, a handle for rotation is mounted on it and its stroke is regulated.
- A special mount is made for the drill, with the help of which the tool is attached to the steering rack in the place where it has mounting bolts. An appropriate video or drawings of such a device will help to make this mount, which is simple in design.
- After the drill is connected to the steering rack, it is necessary to adjust the correctness of its spatial position relative to the surface of the desktop.
- After assembly, the reliability of fastening of all structural elements is checked, and the machine itself is tested.
Machine assembly based on a separate electric motor
You can also make a drilling machine with your own hands with a separate electric motor as a drive. This is somewhat more difficult and longer than using a drill. A separate drive motor will require the manufacture of an additional platform for mounting with reverse side steering rack, as well as a frame on which the machine spindle will be placed, rotating in bearings.
A vertical steering rack drill is a popular DIY solution because of the cheap and workable end result.
The scheme is assembled on the basis of the steering rack of domestic cars VAZ, Moskvich, Tavria, etc. as a rack and lifting mechanism. Also, a belt drive, base, bracket, electrics are independently manufactured, and the electric motor is bought factory-made or removed from other equipment, for example, from washing machine. Other constructive solution The drive is a powerful drill with a multi-speed gearbox.
The advantages of this design are the low price, the availability of materials for the manufacture of all parts. Usually it is bought at secondary iron enterprises or found among production waste. It is better to buy a second-hand rail, because it will cost much less or look at flea markets for new ones that they just want to get rid of.
Cons is appearance- far from perfection and aesthetics, low accuracy.
As a result, we have the following picture:
- the steering rack is used as a lifting mechanism;
- the more massive the structure, the less vibration and the higher the accuracy;
- a drill is used as a drive or a classic drive of a vertical drilling machine is made: from the electric motor through a belt drive, the rotation is transmitted to the spindle.
The choice of a drill as a drive gives us the opportunity to smoothly adjust the speed within the factory speeds, some models have a large torque that will allow drilling holes with a diameter of up to 20 mm, a reverse, and the spindle has a Morse taper, into which drills with a diameter of more than 13 mm can be installed with tapered shank.
Manufacturing process
Square tube post 150×150 mm
Parallel to the rail, a ø 20 mm round rolled shaft is installed in the bushings, and the carriage is welded to the shaft. On the reverse side, the carriage is screwed to the movable part of the steering rack.
The steering wheel is displayed at an angle of 90 degrees to the rack and is connected to the rack through a short cardan steering shaft from the VAZ 2107.
A welded table is installed on the rack with the ability to move vertically. As a modernization and improvement of the design, we make an adjustable platform on the table, on which the machine vice will be installed. The platform serves to adjust the installation of parts on the table relative to the spindle, because the machine is made independently in artisanal conditions and inaccuracies arise due to warpage after welding, poor fit during assembly, etc.
The base of the machine is made from rim from KAMAZ with a diameter of 508 mm, a width of 178 mm, and a weight of 26 kg. A rack is welded vertically onto the disk. The photo shows a powerful Rebir IE-1206ER-A hammerless drill, which allows drilling holes in metal with a diameter of up to 32 mm, and in wood - 70 mm, power 2000 W, with a maximum speed of 400 rpm.
Suitable for any workshop. The master has the opportunity to assemble the device from the steering rack of the car with his own hands. With the help of the machine it is possible to drill metal, wood and plastic products. For example, a drilling machine correctly assembled from a steering rack meets all the technical parameters of mass-produced units.
Any self-made drilling apparatus is assembled from available funds. The apparatus includes the following elements:
- bed;
- working head;
- a shock absorber that allows the head to return to its original position;
- power unit;
- guide along which the frame moves;
- handles that transmit torque;
- bushings;
- vise;
- working head holder;
- a device that fixes the part on the table.
The bed performs the function of the base of the apparatus. Additionally, its role in the device of the machine is reduced to:
- balancing all structural elements;
- use as a desktop for working with a vice;
- fixing the main frame on it, on which the working head of the unit is mounted.
Not only the head of the device is attached to the frame, but also a holder with a shock absorber. A spring mechanism is often used as a shock absorber. With no spring mechanism alternative will become the steering rack, which is an integral component of all domestic cars. If it is taken from a car, then there are a number of advantages regarding a spring shock absorber:
- ensures stable operation of the lifting device;
- contributes to the smooth running of the working head and frame.
The holder to the main frame is attached to the electric motor of the machine. A chuck is fitted to the engine. For him in without fail a power supply is selected if the device is not designed to operate from a 220 V network.
Machine engine
The vice performs the role of a clamping device in the unit. They are characterized by reliability and versatility of use.
A selection of elements for the future mechanism
Primary attention is paid to the choice of bed. It is recommended to use a metal frame for the future mechanism. Often they use a mobile frame or a frame removed from an old unit as the basis for a new one.
Particular attention is paid to the choice of rails. They are made from or corner. In order for the product to withstand vibrations, it is recommended to select channels and corners with a thickness of 3 mm or more. The holder is also recommended to choose from steel.
The working mechanism of a homemade drilling machine can be improved. In such cases, the power supply with the engine is replaced with a drill or a device that drills concrete. It is important to properly attach the drill to the machine. It is directed perpendicular to its base, fastened by brackets.
An alternative is to use an asynchronous type motor taken from some electrical appliance. The master will need to make considerable efforts to assemble such a unit.
Assembly steps
The assembly of a drilling machine from a steering rack begins with a rack. For her is taken profile pipe size 150*150 mm. The assembly process in one hand contains the steps:
- manufacturing a frame with legs welded to it so that the structure is securely fixed on a workbench;
- holes are drilled in the frame for mounting clamping devices in them;
- a pre-prepared rack is welded to the bed base;
- the rack is strengthened at the point of attachment with stiffeners;
- a car rail is fixed on the rack, on which the rotary handle is mounted;
- in the upper rack part, fasteners for a drill are made;
- the drill is connected to the steering rack;
- the angle of inclination of the drill and the correctness of its position relative to the desktop are adjusted;
- there is a complete fixation of the entire working mechanism, the correctness and reliability of fastening of all elements is checked;
- bolts are tightened, wires are connected;
- the operation of the device is tested in test mode.
Features of assembling a mechanism with an asynchronous motor
There is an option for manufacturing a unit with an asynchronous type motor. This option is more difficult than using a drill. The drive engine requires the manufacture of a special platform on which the steering rack is mounted on the other side. The master will need to make an additional frame on which the machine spindle will be fixed.
The complexity of the design is in the transfer of rotation from the engine to the spindle assembly located on the reverse side of the rail. The problem is solved by using a belt drive, with the help of which two pulleys (one on the spindle assembly, the other on the engine shaft) are connected to each other. For such devices, it is recommended to select factory-made spindles.
A unit with an asynchronous engine has many open and unprotected elements that rotate during its operation. Special casings allow to protect the hands of the master from damage and structural elements from clogging.
